Intangible Aspects Research Articles

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS A MOTIVATION FACTOR UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MARTIAL STATE

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the organizational culture of the enterprise and the motivation of its personnel in military conditions. The role of organizational culture in the motivation of enterprises’ employees is analyzed. It is actual now because military actions forced many people to reconsider their values and showed the importance of intangible aspects of people's life. The purpose of the article was to substantiate the importance of the formation of organizational culture at the enterprise as a factor influencing the general motivation of the staff. The conducted survey made it possible to assess the level of organizational culture at the enterprises The analysis of the relationship between the level of satisfaction with material incentives and the factors determining the organizational culture at the enterprise made it possible to prove that the organizational culture really affects the motivation of the enterprises’ under the conditions of martial state. The authors proposed the implementation of measures to improve organizational culture at the enterprise to increase the level of employees’ motivation.

DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASILICA OF SANTA MARIA IN TRASTEVERE

Abstract. Within the Cultural Heritage documentation field, this contribution illustrates the adopted methods for the first digital documentation of the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome.The research activity carried out included the survey of this historic building as well as direct and indirect research connected with its transformations. The tested workflow illustrates the relevance of the activities carried out in terms of knowledge implementation, conservation, monitoring, and dissemination of tangible and intangible aspects of this layered religious architecture.

DIGITAL HOLISTIC DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: CHALLENGES AND RISKS, TOWARDS SHAPING THE FUTURE

Abstract. This paper presents the results of the Horizon 2020 ERA Chair in Digital Cultural Heritage: ‘Mnemosyne’ project, which aims to achieve excellence in research and innovation in the holistic documentation of the past. The project's research agenda includes six broad thematic areas, which encompass data acquisition, processing, semantic data modelling, knowledge management, data long-term preservation, and data use and reuse. The paper focuses on the key results of the project during which several researchers have been training, some of whom propose presenting their experience in three out of the total seventeen heritage-documentation case studies chosen to be studied and digitized. The paper illustrates the significant results of the case studies and how they can fulfil the needs of the multidisciplinary community of experts. Mnemosyne’s research team has developed useful research methodologies for the holistic documentation and digitization of tangible cultural heritage objects, monuments, and sites, as well as novel research approaches regarding their embedded intangible aspects and features.

Rethinking conservation of Malaysia world heritage site livability: The case of Chew Jetty, Penang

The designation of George Town, Penang as one of the world heritage sites has brought numerous impacts on the region and local communities. The main issue of world heritage sites includes livability and strict heritage management which produced challenges for the residents to sustain. This paper aims to study livability and heritage inheritance and rethink the conservation planning of the heritage site. It is imperative to understand the direct impact of tourism and strict rules and regulations pressure from the world heritage site designation on the livability of the residents in the heritage site and start addressing this livability issue to regain the balance and equilibrium between the residential and tourism sector. The Chew Jetty has been selected as the case study area. The research of the site is done by thorough site analysis including multiple contexts, which are historical context, physical context, sociocultural context, issues threats and challenges, and government policies and development plans using material and resources available online as well as in-depth interviews with residents. The paper shows that the conservation planning set by the authority has driven away the livability of Chew Jetty and is losing the intangible aspects of Chew Jetty.

Reviving Smallholder Hill Farming by Involving Rural Youth in Food System Transformation and Promoting Community-Based Agri-Ecotourism: A Case of Uttarakhand State in North-Western India

Until recent decades, labour-intensive subsistence farming was a way of life and livelihood in the hill communities of Uttarakhand, India. However, the nature of agriculture falls far short of the expectations of the main labour force, the rural youth, leading to their mass migration to non-agricultural occupations. The large-scale youth migration has left many hill farming landscapes depopulated and farmlands abandoned. As youth have special stakes in food systems, they must be included in the sustainable transformation of food systems. By doing so, the migration-prone hill region may be transformed into a place where rural youth have more options for work and income. Therefore, the agriculture sector needs to change and develop into a more engaging and youthful workplace. There are opportunities to explore and barriers to be removed. Besides identifying priority research areas on local food systems, in this exploratory research, we investigate opportunities to involve rural young people in the transformation of the food system. We document information by conducting focus group discussion (FGD) meetings in about 100 villages in the Uttarakhand hills, representing all major farming landscapes. This study mainly focuses on improving the production and consumption aspects of local food, which not only benefits the health and wellbeing of local communities but also has many positive economic, social, and environmental effects. In addition, we explore opportunities for reviving mountain agriculture through agri-ecotourism, which is a symbiotic relationship between tourism and agriculture. Making home- or farm stays in agri-ecotourism a subsistence strategy for local youth will contribute to a more prosperous rural economy. Recognising Uttarakhand’s rich culture and heritage while exploring the culinary travel opportunities in homestays will provide opportunities to focus more on traditional food systems, exposing various tangible and intangible aspects of the host region’s food culture to tourists. The findings of this study will aid in identifying specific policy issues for consideration by planners and policymakers at the local and state levels. Additionally, this exploratory study will assist young, motivated researchers in conducting follow-up, in-depth investigations and producing empirical data in their specialised fields.

The Impact of Store Brands on Intangible Aspects of Consumer Welfare

This research investigated how an intangible component of consumer welfare can derive from the presence of store brands in durable-product categories. The objective was to explore the degree to which consumers can more reliably depend on price as an accurate indicator of quality in those product categories in which store brands are present. When a strong price-quality relationship exists, consumers may confidently choose a given level of quality chiefly on the basis of price. The focal measure was the correlation between price and quality, computed separately for those categories in which only national brands were present and for those categories in which both store brands and national brands were present. Examination of the price and quality of 14,234 individual brands from the U.S. and other countries tested by Consumer Reports revealed that when store brands were present the strength of the relationship between price and quality exceeded the strength of the respective relationship when store brands were absent. Counterfactual simulations confirmed the relationship.

Benefits of virtual externships with a pediatric dentistry program for potential residents.

To determine if a virtual externship (VE) is beneficial to potential applicants regarding their perceived knowledge of a pediatric dentistry residency program. Secondarily, this study identified general program characteristics that influence resident ranking decisions. All applicants who applied to a pediatric dentistry residency program in the Southeast were invited to participate in a VE. Those who participated in the externship (n=65) were asked to voluntarily complete Pre- and Post-VE surveys. Participants were asked 22 questions about their level of knowledge of both tangible and intangible aspects of the program such as stipend, patient volume, faculty-resident interaction, and resident comradery. Participants were also asked to rank 9 general characteristics that influence ranking decisions such as geography, cost to attend, and reputation of the program and were asked to rate their satisfaction with the VE. Post-VE data were compared to pre-VE data to determine level of knowledge gained via Wilcoxin matched pairs signed rank test (significance set at p<0.05). When comparing Pre- and Post-VE ratings of level of knowledge about each category, all 22 categories assessed showed statistically significant mean differences indicating perceived knowledge gain with the most knowledge gained for "resident satisfaction in the program." Of the nine program characteristics, clinical experience was the most important factor to participants. Participants (100%) were satisfied with the VE experience and indicated the VE gave them the opportunity to get to know the program. A virtual externship is a satisfactory option for increasing applicant knowledge of the tangible and intangible aspects of a residency program.

An insight into the urban smellscape: the transformation of traditional to contemporary urban place experience

ABSTRACT Sensescape, predominantly explored from the viewpoint of viewscape and soundscape, needs investigation from other senses such as smell, a vital part of place experience. The place experience not only depends on senses but also on how senses act within the context. Cities across developing countries, with dynamic tension of coexistence between traditional and modern, are experiencing transformations, inducing major alterations in urban land-use systems and have started to impact upon urban place experience and urban smellscapes diversities. Smellscape is a complex phenomenon posing challenges to the reductionist approach for better insight, hence requiring an effective conceptual framework for analyzing the smellscape with reference to the transformations in cities. Four urban node precinct typologies, as representative cases from developing countries, namely, traditional, partially transformed, transformed and majorly transformed urban nodes, are assessed and presented in this paper. The smellscape and urban place experience, their interconnectedness, and interdependency are investigated in this paper. Based on interpretive epistemology from the cognition framework, the paper posits that the smellscape has a vital role in urban place experience, it correlates and influences urban place liking, and provides clues for theory building for the assessment of smellscape, an underexplored intangible aspect of sensory place experience.

SAFEGUARDING CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE: COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR ESTABLISHING CONSERVATION INITIATIVES ON INDRAPATRA FORT, ACEH BESAR

The Indrapatra Fort cultural heritage site located in the coastal area of Aceh Besar, Indonesia is a relic of Hindu influence. The condition of the fort is decreasing, so that it has a negative impact on securing this cultural heritage site. The lack of a maintenance strategy, continued neglect, and insufficient preservation work by the relevant government conservation agencies have resulted in almost no conservation initiatives for the fort. This paper attempts to establish appropriate conservation initiatives for fort security. This was carried out based on a qualitative approach with a comparative study of local cultural heritage conservation initiatives at Borobudur Temple and Fort Rotterdam. Primary and secondary data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods, providing recommendations for initiatives to preserve Indrapatra Fort that could be implemented practically through tangible and intangible aspects. Tangible initiatives are the reconstruction of damaged fortification structures and elements with similar materials, combined with a sound maintenance strategy. Meanwhile, intangible initiatives include performing arts, annual festivals and providing guides.

A Collaborative Virtual Walkthrough of Matera’s Sassi Using Photogrammetric Reconstruction and Hand Gesture Navigation

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for real-time, collaborative virtual tools to support remote activities across various domains, including education and cultural heritage. Virtual walkthroughs provide a potent means of exploring, learning about, and interacting with historical sites worldwide. Nonetheless, creating realistic and user-friendly applications poses a significant challenge. This study investigates the potential of collaborative virtual walkthroughs as an educational tool for cultural heritage sites, with a focus on the Sassi of Matera, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Italy. The virtual walkthrough application, developed using RealityCapture and Unreal Engine, leveraged photogrammetric reconstruction and deep learning-based hand gesture recognition to offer an immersive and accessible experience, allowing users to interact with the virtual environment using intuitive gestures. A test with 36 participants resulted in positive feedback regarding the application's effectiveness, intuitiveness, and user-friendliness. The findings suggest that virtual walkthroughs can provide precise representations of complex historical locations, promoting tangible and intangible aspects of heritage. Future work should focus on expanding the reconstructed site, enhancing the performance, and assessing the impact on learning outcomes. Overall, this study highlights the potential of virtual walkthrough applications as a valuable resource for architecture, cultural heritage, and environmental education.

Russia in Latin America: Why support Venezuela in a crisis?

AbstractRussia has been a powerful ally in Venezuela's complex crisis, having developed political, economic and cultural relations with the Venezuelan state by employing various foreign policy instruments such as mutual support in multilateral fora, foreign aid, loans, commodity trading, military support and cultural diplomacy. What explains this support, despite Venezuela's severe political and economic crisis? Different perspectives have contributed to discussions on shifts in Russian foreign policy towards Latin America since the end of the Cold War. However, studies subscribing to traditional international relations theories have occasionally focused on a single issue or dimension. Such a focus may be problematic when analysing the multifaceted portfolio applied to Russian foreign policy. Based on the Two‐Good Theory approach, its focus on change and maintenance of the status quo, and the concept of substitutability, this research paper elaborates on Russia's foreign policy strategy towards Venezuela to explain policy priorities by examining the alliance with the Venezuelan Maduro regime. Furthermore, the paper highlights the link between the tangible characteristics of energy security and arms sales and intangible aspects, such as cultural diplomacy, which are important explanatory factors of Russian support for Venezuela.

Spirit of Place as an Attraction of Heritage Area In Medan City, Indonesia

A "spirit of place" is a bond between a place and its people built on tangible and intangible aspects, forming the identity or character of a community. The development of a city brings changes in different aspects that might put pressure on historical worth. Places that have a spirit will have a meaning that visitors can feel. Meaning generated by a place affects the relationship between the individual's soul and the place where the individual is located. This study will use literature review methodologies to develop a spirit of place theoretical framework for heritage tourist attractions in Medan city.

Riverside Placemaking outside Big Cities—The Case Study of Three Polish Rivers

Most placemaking activities have both tangible and intangible aspects. However, the most significant division line comes from the driving force behind the process, which can be either top-down formal actions or bottom-up informal ones. This article presents how placemaking works and what types of related actions dominate in rural areas, focusing on the riparian zones of three lowland rivers in Poland with a total length of 300 km. The main goal was to demonstrate the specificity of placemaking in riverfront areas outside large cities and to investigate the answers to the following questions: (1) How do public spaces emerge there? (2) Which entities are responsible for their creation, type, form, and location? To achieve these objectives, a detailed field inventory from the water level and interviews with creators, caretakers, and users of selected places were conducted. This research showed that informal placemaking is very common outside of cities and is also integrated into the creation of less numerous but more impressive public and private recreational areas. In terms of form, “Do It Yourself” (DIY) objects overwhelmingly dominate in all types of places. Both of these characteristics, informality and DIY, clearly indicate the specificity of rural riparian areas and the need to consider them in planning and strategic actions in areas outside large cities.

CREATIVE ECONOMY AND THE QUINTUPLE HELIX INNOVATION MODEL: A CRITICAL FACTORS STUDY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Creative economy is the area of knowledge that explores the intangible and symbolic aspects and feeds on creative talents, individually and/or collectively organized, in order to produce creative goods and services. This type of economy has its own dynamics, and it disturbs the traditional economic models. This study investigated creative economy comprehensively and aims to analyze the critical factors inherent in the dynamics of creative economy for regional development, considering the helix model of innovation (quintuple helix innovation model), aligned with entrepreneurship and innovation. To this end, the methodology used was systematized exploratory research, treated within three dimensions – the economic-financial, the socio-anthropological, and the techno-innovative. The conclusion of the study was the identification of fifteen critical factors, the direct creative economy relationship with the quintuple helix innovation model in all its helixes, as well as its “Mode 3” of the dynamics of knowledge generation, creation, and dissemination. The study also highlighted the importance of creative economy as one of the “engines” of regional development, in an economic, financial, social, technological, and sustainable way, driven by the government, its networks, and its actors.

Green management: the sustainability’s path of no return in organizations

Objective: This paper sought to investigate whether competitiveness is affected by the use of sustainable practices and programs, concluding that yes, both can go together, strengthening the organization and proving to be a competitive differential. Based on the concerns about sustainability versus competitiveness in the nautical sector, the following research problem was defined: in what way can sustainability and competitiveness move in the same direction in an organization in the nautical segment? Based on this question, the general objective was defined as identifying the tangible and intangible criteria of sustainability and competitiveness in the perception of the stakeholders of an organization in the nautical segment.&#x0D; Methodology/approach: The quantitative approach was used for data measurement, predetermined variables, data analysis and interpretation. With the focus on the interpretation of the research data and its analysis, establishing a closed questionnaire with the intention of collecting clear answers and facilitating the understanding of the research population.&#x0D; Originality/Relevance: The application of sustainable practices acts as a motivating source of competitiveness in a nautical segment organization; all those involved are aware that sustainability is as important as competitiveness; and the sustainable practices developed have a proportional positive impact on the responsibility of those involved in their homes. Main conclusions: The organization is aware that sustainability is as important as competitiveness. And, therefore, that the sustainable practices developed in the boating organization have proportional positive impact on the responsibility of those involved within their households, and the hypotheses are proven true by the results obtained.&#x0D; Theoretical/methodological contributions: This correlation between sustainability and competitiveness is well accepted by stakeholders, and the junction of both is seen as fundamental to a good progress of all work and environmental programs, and can be considered a differential of the nautical organization. And both tangible and intangible aspects are noticeable to all involved, who seek to participate in environmental programs, adding value to the name of the nautical organization and those who seek to disseminate these sustainable practices together.

The Bacinete Main Shelter: A Prehistoric Theatre?

In the last few years, archaeoacoustic studies of rock art sites and landscapes have undergone significant growth as a result of renewed interest in the intangible aspects of the archaeological record. This article focuses on the acoustic study carried out in the rock art complex of Bacinete, Cádiz (Spain). After describing the archaeological site and its importance, a representative set of monaural and spatial IRs gathered onsite is thoroughly analysed to explore the hypothesis that the sonic component of the site played an important role in how prehistoric people interacted with it. Additionally, we briefly discuss the challenges of analysing the acoustics of open-air spaces following the recommendations of the ISO 3382-1 guidelines, a standard developed not for open-air spaces, but for room acoustics. The results obtained confirm the favourable acoustic conditions of the Bacinete main shelter for speech transmission. The different subjective acoustic impressions obtained in a somewhat similar shelter located nearby, Bacinete III, are also explained, alluding to a lesser degree of intimacy felt in the latter.

The protection of cultural heritage objects. Intangible aspects

The work continues the author's research on the intangible aspects of the subject of protection of cultural heritage objects and is the basis for proposals for amendments to legislation on the protection of cultural heritage objects. The results of the research is a long-term study of methods for determining the subject of protection of cultural heritage objects in terms of specifying intangible features. The author pays special attention to the analysis of historical events that occurred in the object or its surrounding historical environment, which influenced its perception by both contemporaries and their descendants. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the allocation of intangible aspects of the subject of protection as a separate parameter. In most cases, studying the object of cultural heritage, its stages of formation, we do not pay special attention to the existence of the place. In the methods of objects of protection, attention is paid to the material component of the object of protection. However, it is by studying the intangible component of the history of the formation of the object, such as the memories of contemporaries, artistic depiction, historical use, and so on. The result of the study is a system of intangible attributes of objects of protection of cultural heritage objects, as a necessary measure to preserve the value characteristics of the object of cultural heritage. The author gives recommendations on amendments to legislative norms in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects.

Ethnographic Study: Sasak Culture In The Perspective Of Ethnomathematics

The aim of this study is to discover the mathematical aspect that found in Sasak tribe as shown by the architecture, customs and culture that define Sasak tribe. This study was conducted using ethnographic studies and descriptive qualitative analysis. This study focuses both tangible and intangible aspects of sasak tribe culture which represent sasaknese characteristics. Data was collected using interviews, observations and documentation techniques. The data analysis methodology was conducted utilizing a triangulation method in which specialists and researchers crossed each other in order to look further into the cultural presence of mathematics in society. This study concludes that there is an element of mathematics in the culture of the Sasak tribe, seen from the buildings that have spatial and flat shapes. Other cultures include broad calculations and habits that are integrated with the life of the Sasak people.

How can policymakers and researchers develop effective insect resistance management guidelines? A quantitative and qualitative study of Brazilian farmers' perspectives and attitudes

Societal Impact StatementToday, over 80% of the US and Brazil row crop acreage has plants expressing insecticidal proteins to prevent the damage caused by caterpillars. These plants (crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt, toxins) have brought several benefits to farmers, the environment, and society. However, these can be eroded when insects develop resistance to these toxins. Researchers and regulatory agencies have developed tactics that should be followed by farmers to avoid resistance but with limited efficacy. Our research provides recommendations for researchers and policymakers that are based on farmers' perspectives, thereby offering changes for current guidelines to successfully manage insect resistance and protect Bt crops' efficacy.Summary Genetically engineered crops expressing insecticidal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have brought numerous benefits; however, pest resistance evolution poses a threat to the sustainability of this technology. Insect resistance management (IRM) for Bt crops has been defined as a wicked problem as it involves sociobiological complexities. A main challenge in IRM is the adoption of non‐Bt refuge, which is one out of the few strategies amenable to human intervention. This study investigated farmers' perspectives on information sources and IRM practices in Brazil using quantitative and qualitative data collection. A total of 145 farmers responded to online Qualtrics surveys, and 13 farmers participated in person to open‐ended interviews. This study demonstrates that farmers rely on strong social networks for information exchange and that sources with expertise based on local field experience are the most reliable channels of communication. We identified new challenges for refuge adoption such as the need to spray insecticides for pests not targeted by Bt and the intangible aspect of resistance evolution. Based on results of sources of information and perspectives on IRM practices, we discuss strategies that may be successful in delaying insecticide resistance evolution based on local contexts. This is the first study to investigate Brazilian farmers' perceptions on information sources and IRM strategies using qualitative data. Our results provide important elements to orient research development and decision‐making in biotechnology policies for the agricultural sector in Brazil and other similar contexts.

Challenging the stereotype through humor? Comic female scientists in animated TV series for young audiences

Stereotypical representations about what scientists do, look like, and how they behave are cognized in early childhood and refined throughout life, through direct or indirect contact with the STEM communication climate, whether it be direct interactions with scientists, science education, communique, or entertainment. Popular media (TV) plays an important role in influencing our ideas of science by constructing images of social science reality. What has rarely been discussed in these contexts is what kind of scientific stereotypes are reinforced or challenged in popular TV shows for young audiences, particularly regarding female scientists. Using qualitative textual analysis, this paper examines how female scientists are portrayed through humor (and what kind of humor) in two popular animated entertainment series for children—Spongebob Squarepants and Adventure Time—and how their portrayal reinforces or challenges gender stereotypes in cultural representations of science. The analysis revealed that science was portrayed as humorously framed non-science, often represented by exaggerated ever-computing datasets on larger-than-life computer screens that would rival NASA. However, the representation of the female scientists in these animated TV comedies was steeped in archaic stereotypes that, surprisingly, were barely associated with humor: it was the science, not the female scientist per se, that was comic. Interpreting these findings in light of science communication research, gender studies, popular entertainment studies and humor studies, this article adds new perspectives to our understanding of humor in science narratives and the public imagination, and provides new insights for the study of the intangible aspects of science in culture.