Intake Of Macro Research Articles

The Influence of Diet and Intake of Macro and Micro Zinc Nutrients on the Incident of Stunting in Toddlers Ages 12-36 Months in Usitasae Village

Short Toddlers (Stunting) is a nutritional status based on the Body Length according to Age (PB/U) index or Body Height according to Age (TB/U) where in the anthropometric standard for assessing children’s nutritional status, the results of these measurements are at the threshold (Z- Score) -3 SD to <-2 SD (short /stunted) and <-3 SD (very short/ severely stunted). The formulation of the problem is how Stunting occurs in toddlers aged 12-36 months and whether there is an influence of the type of food, amount of food, food schedule, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and zinc on the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months. This research aims to analyze the influence of diet and intake of macro and micronutrient zinc on the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months. This type of observational research uses a cross-sectional design. This research was carried out in Usitasae Village. The sample in this study consisted of 54 toddlers using cluster random sampling techniques with bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariate analysis using the multinominal logistic regression test. The results of data analysis on the prevalence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months were 64.8%. The relationship between nutritional intake and the incidence of stunting in toddlers is the type of food (P value = 0.005 ≤ α = 0.05), the amount of food (P value = 0.018 ≤ α = 0.05), the food schedule (P value = 0.022 ≤ α = 0.05), carbohydrates (P value = 0.010 ≤ α = 0.05), protein (P value = 0.000 ≤ α = 0.05), fat (P value = 0.008 ≤ α = 0.05), zinc (P value = 0.006 ≤ α = 0.05). There is a relationship between the type of food, amount of food, food schedule, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and zinc on the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-36 months. There is a need for further study regarding the intake of macro and micronutrients zinc in toddlers aged 12-36 months.

Nutrition guidance within a multimodal intervention improves diet quality in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: Multimodal Preventive Trial for Alzheimer’s Disease (MIND-ADmini)

BackgroundMultimodal lifestyle interventions can benefit overall health, including cognition, in populations at-risk for dementia. However, little is known about the effect of lifestyle interventions in patients with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Even less is known about dietary intake and adherence to dietary recommendations within this population making it difficult to design tailored interventions for them.MethodA 6-month MIND-ADmini pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted among 93 participants with prodromal AD in Sweden, Finland, Germany, and France. Three arms were included in the RCT: 1) multimodal lifestyle intervention (nutritional guidance, exercise, cognitive training, vascular/metabolic risk management, and social stimulation); 2) multimodal lifestyle intervention + medical food product; and 3) regular health advice (control group). Adherence to dietary advice was assessed with a brief food intake questionnaire by using the Healthy Diet Index (HDI) and Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). The intake of macro- and micronutrients were analyzed on a subsample using 3-day food records.ResultsThe dietary quality in the intervention groups, pooled together, improved compared to that of the control group at the end of the study, as measured with by HDI (p = 0.026) and MEDAS (p = 0.008). The lifestyle-only group improved significantly more in MEDAS (p = 0.046) and almost significantly in HDI (p = 0.052) compared to the control group, while the lifestyle + medical food group improved in both HDI (p = 0.042) and MEDAS (p = 0.007) during the study. There were no changes in macro- or micronutrient intake for the intervention groups at follow-up; however, the intakes in the control group declined in several vitamins and minerals when adjusted for energy intake.ConclusionThese results suggest that dietary intervention as part of multimodal lifestyle interventions is feasible and results in improved dietary quality in a population with prodromal AD. Nutrient intakes remained unchanged in the intervention groups while the control group showed a decreasing nutrient density.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03249688, 2017–07-08.

Nutritional safety and status following a 12-week strict low FODMAP diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

A low FODMAP diet (LFD) is an established dietary treatment for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, knowledge on the extended effects of the restriction phase regarding nutrient intake, symptom severity, and quality of life (QoL) is sparse. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate the safety of a dietitian-led 12-week strict LFD on measures of blood biochemistry, nutritional status, symptom severity, and QoL. In this open-label dietitian-led 12-week strict LFD intervention for IBS patients with predominantly diarrhea or mixed stool pattern (IBS-D/-M), we collected data on diet intake (3-day dietary record), overnight fasting routine blood samples, body weight, IBS symptoms (IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS)), and IBS-related QoL (IBS-QoL) at baseline and after 12 weeks. Thirty-six participants completed the 12-week follow-up (mean age: 37 years, 67% women, IBS-SSS: 242 (101)). All blood parameters measured were within established reference values at both time points. We found no change in intake of macro- or micronutrients, but several micronutrients were below the recommendations both before and after 12 weeks. BMI slightly decreased, primarily driven by participants with BMI >25 (p < 0.005). QoL improved among most subdomains (p ≤ 0.002), except food avoidance and social reaction. An extended dietitian-guided LFD (12 weeks) is not inferior to the participants' baseline diet, since no clinically meaningful changes in nutritionally related blood samples and no changes in macro- or micronutrient intake were observed. However, the intake of several nutrients was below the recommendations at both time points indicating low diet quality.

Nutritional status changes in the treatment of substance use disorder: Relationship with substance craving

Tailored nutrition counseling enhances the efficacy of routine treatment for substance (alcohol/drugs) use disorders (SUDs). For this purpose, it is important to understand the current nutritional status of addicts and the changes in their nutritional status during the treatment process. Furthermore, the consumption of sweets to manage substance cravings is common among people with SUDs, but the evidence for the effectiveness of this practice is limited and conflicting. We therefore hypothesized SUD treatment would be associated with increases in appetite, nutrient intake, and anthropometric measurements in addicts, and that these changes, including changes in sweet consumption, would not be associated with decreased substance craving. Data for this prospective observational study were collected from 38 adult male patients who completed 21 days of inpatient SUD treatment. During the treatment, the participants' levels of appetite (P < 1.0 × 10−4), the frequency of main meals (P < 1.0 × 10−4), intake of macro- and micronutrients (P < .05 for each), and anthropometric measurements (P ≤ 5.9 × 10−4), significantly increased. Furthermore, it was found that the patients had a significant increase in sweets craving (P < 1.0 × 10−4) and sweets consumption (P = 1.2 × 10−3) during treatment. However, there was no significant difference between the individuals whose craving decreased and those whose craving did not decrease at the end of the treatment (P > .05 for both). The findings suggest the need to offer dietary counseling to individuals undergoing inpatient SUD treatment, given the substantial changes in nutritional status, and that increased consumption of sweets is not an effective strategy to reduce substance craving.

Adequacy of Nutrient Intake and Malnutrition Risk in Older Adults: Findings from the Diet and Healthy Aging Cohort Study.

There is a lack of data on the adequacy of nutrient intake and prevalence of malnutrition risk in Asian populations. The aim was to report on the nutrient intake and prevalence of malnutrition risk in a community sample of older adults in Singapore. Analysis was performed on 738 (n = 206 male, n = 532 male, aged 67.6 ± 6.0 years) adults 60 years and above. Intakes of macro- and micronutrients were evaluated against the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Nutrition Screening Initiative Determine Your Nutritional Health checklist. It was found that 90.5% older adults exceeded the sugar intake, 68.5% males and 57.1% females exceeded the intake limit for saturated fat, and 33% males had inadequate dietary fiber intake when compared to the RDAs. Inadequate dietary calcium intake was found in 49.5% males and 55.3% females. There were 22.3% of older adults at moderate to high malnutrition risk. Singaporean older adults need to reduce their dietary intakes of sugar and saturated fat and increase their intakes in dietary fiber and calcium. Current findings provide public health awareness on the importance of healthy eating and will facilitate decision making by health promotors to deliver targeted nutrition care programs.

Nutritional Intake Differences of Children Aged 6-23 Months in Coastal and Non-Coastal Stunting Areas

Stunting is still a health concern in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in nutritional intake of children in the Coastal (Co) and Non-Coastal (NCo) Stunting Areas in Tanah-Laut. The quantitative cross-sectional study design was carried out on subjects aged 6-23 months with a total of 65 Co and 66 NCo toddlers who were physically healthy and were still breastfeeding. The instruments included a questionnaire, a 24-hour recall form, a stature meter, and a digital scale. The univariate analyses to describe the frequency and median data. The Mann-Whitney test was used to see differences in intake of macro and micro nutrients in both regions. The prevalence of stunting in NCo 21.2%, while in Co 18.4%. About 7.6% NCo and 26.2% Co were malnourished. The prevalence of wasting was 13.6% and 15.4%. There was a significant difference in Energy, Carbohydrates, fat (p&lt;0.05). There was no difference in protein intake between two regions. Both micronutrients were classified as deficient. There were differences of vitamin-A, vitamin-D, vitamin-K, calcium, and iron intake. Either macronutrient intake was sufficient, but neither for micronutrients. There was no significant difference in protein intake between the two groups

The Waist-Hip Ratio is a Mediator Between Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Its Val66Met Polymorphism in Adolescents.

To explore anthropometric, metabolic and dietary factors associated with and their interplays with the Val66Met polymorphism at brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Bdnf) on serum BDNF levels in adolescents. Serum BDNF levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 644 high school students (278 males/366 females). A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay were utilized for Bdnf Val66Met genotyping followed by verification using DNA sequencing. Serum levels of metabolic characteristics were assayed by routine methods. The intake of macro and micronutrients was collected by a three-day food record. Serum BDNF levels were found to be significantly different in the subjects with different genotypes of Bdnf Val66Met (Val/Val homozygotes, 60.05 ± 28.07 ng/mL vs Val/Met heterozygotes, 56.37 ± 29.34 ng/mL vs Met/Met homozygotes, 51.32 ± 24.54 ng/mL, p = 0.022). Among the 36 tested variables, waist-hip ratio (WHR) (β = -0.163, p < 0.001), iodine intake (β = 0.132, p = 0.001), heart rate (β = 0.108, p = 0.005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = 0.098, p = 0.011) and dietary fiber intake (β = 0.082, p = 0.084) were the predictor of serum BDNF levels, while SBP (β = 0.097, p = 0.013) and WHR (β = 0.091, p = 0.021) were related with Bdnf Val66Met. Moreover, WHR was observed to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between Bdnf Val66Met and serum BDNF levels (95% CI [-1.161, -0.087]) and contribute 13.05% of its total effect on serum BDNF levels. There are interplays between WHR and Bdnf Val66Met on serum BDNF levels, which may be among the explanations for the previous heterogeneous reports and provide novel insights into the regulation of serum BDNF levels.

An overview of micro- and macronutrient intake in stunted and normal infants in Indonesia

Stunting is a symptom of chronic malnutrition in a person. The aim is to find differences in treatment, consumption patterns, and intake of macro- and micronutrients in stunted and normal toddlers. A literature review study is used in this research method to find, combine, and analyse facts from sources that meet scientific criteria that are valid and accurate. The results found from this literature search were 681 libraries from Google Scholar, which were then selected for 10 articles. Energy consumption itself comes from daily food during the intake period. macronutrients, namely protein, fat, and carbohydrates.&#x0D;

Changes in dietary intake, food tolerance, hedonic hunger, binge eating problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy compared with after gastric bypass; 1-year results from the Oseberg study—a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe randomized Oseberg study compared the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), on the 1-y remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function (primary outcomes). However, little is known about the comparable effects of SG and RYGB on the changes in dietary intakes, eating behavior, and gastrointestinal discomfort. ObjectivesTo compare 1-y changes in intakes of macro- and micronutrients, food groups, food tolerance, hedonic hunger, binge eating, and gastrointestinal symptoms after SG and RYGB. MethodsAmong others, prespecified secondary outcomes were dietary intake, food tolerance, hedonic hunger, binge eating, and gastrointestinal symptoms assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, food tolerance questionnaire, Power of food scale, Binge eating scale, and Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, respectively. ResultsA total of 109 patients (66% females), with mean (SD) age 47.7 (9.6) y and body mass index of 42.3 (5.3) kg/m2, were allocated to SG (n = 55) or RYGB (n = 54). The SG group had, compared with the RYGB group, greater 1-y reductions in the intakes of: protein, mean (95% CI) between-group difference, −13 (−24.9, −1.2) g; fiber, −4.9 (−8.2, −1.6) g; magnesium, −77 (−147, −6) mg; potassium, −640 (−1237, −44) mg; and fruits and berries, −65 (−109, −20) g. Further, the intake of yogurt and fermented milk products increased by >2-folds after RYGB but remained unchanged after SG. In addition, hedonic hunger and binge eating problems declined similarly after both surgeries, whereas most gastrointestinal symptoms and food tolerance remained stable at 1 y. ConclusionsThe 1-y changes in dietary intakes of fiber and protein after both surgical procedures, but particularly after SG, were unfavorable with regard to current dietary guidelines. For clinical practice, our findings suggest that health care providers and patients should focus on sufficient intakes of protein, fiber, and vitamin and mineral supplementation after both SG and RYGB. This trial was registered at [clinicaltrials.gov] as [NCT01778738].

The Role of Dietary Lipids in Cognitive Health: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer's disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.

Characteristics of Nutrition in Adolescent Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

Background: Organization of healthy and balanced nutrition for children undergoing orthodontic treatment should have a compensatory and preventive focus. Materials and methods: A 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess actual nutrition of 57 adolescents aged 13–14 years divided into two groups: cases wearing orthodontic bracket systems and controls having no dentoalveolar anomalies. A comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the diet was carried out based on current regulatory documents. Results: We observed an imbalance in the intake of macro- and micronutrients in the diets of all adolescents caused by an imbalanced food set and being more pronounced in those undergoing orthodontic treatment. The diet of the controls was noted for an adequate daily calorie intake (94.0 % of the recommended value) as opposed to the case group (78.1 %). The diets in the control group were deficient in total protein (94.6 %) and carbohydrates (89.4 %) but excessive in fats (104.6 %). In the case group, the dietary intake of macronutrients was, on the average, 78.3 % of the norm. Restrictions on consumption of certain foods in the diet of adolescents with braces led to a significant deficiency in meat consumption (66.3 % of the recommended value), fish and seafood (37.6 %), eggs (55.0 %), bakery products (45.6 %), potatoes (80.1 %), fruits (51.6 %), and vegetables (51.0 %). Conclusion: Braces used for orthodontic treatment of dentoalveolar anomalies in some patients become a risk factor for both malnutrition and demineralization of tooth enamel in adolescents. It is therefore necessary to develop recommendations for healthy nutrition of pediatric patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Predictive Model for Oral Status in Elderly People in a Taiwanese Nursing Home Using a High-Protein Black Soybean Koji Food.

With increased age, the appetite, chewing, swallowing, and digestive ability gradually decrease. Previous studies have shown that poor oral health is associated with an inadequate intake of macro and micronutrients and malnutrition. Therefore, improving the diet of elderly people and promoting nutrient absorption will help to improve the quality of life for elderly people. However, few studies have predicted their oral ability based on different food textures and other factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between oral assessment and texture parameters of high-protein black soybean koji products in elderly people in a nursing home. We used cross-sectional study design for seventy-nine residents aged 65 years and older were recruited. Three different texture of cookies, including normal cookie hardness (1.4 × 105 N/m2), minced cookie hardness (4.4 × 104 N/m2), and pureed cookie hardness (1.4 × 104 N/m2) were provided to participants to test the oral status. An oral assessment scale was used by a dentist to evaluate the oral status of the elderly participants. Different cookie textures showed a significant positive correlation with pronunciation (r = 0.237, p < 0.05), face (r = 0.371, p < 0.01), tongue (r = 0.362, p < 0.01), pharynx (r = 0.256, p < 0.05), swallowing (r = 0.272, p < 0.05), breathing (r = 0.315, p < 0.01), and the total oral score (r = 0.339, p < 0.01). We also used the high-protein black soybean koji products combined with elderly people’s comprehensions in a predictive model that had a moderately high correlation to predict the oral status in the elderly group (r = 0.612). We concluded that the high-protein black soybean koji product was associated with the oral ability of elderly people in a nursing home in Taiwan. Our findings indicated that elderly people could immediately understand the correct food texture.

The relationship between lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean older adults: a moderating effect of gender

BackgroundLittle is known regarding the role of gender as a possible modulator in determining the associations between lifestyle risk factors and depression in older adults.ObjectivesThis study examined whether gender modulates the relationship between depression and lifestyle risk factors in Korean adults aged 65 years and older (n = 3700).MethodsData were obtained from the 2016 and 2018 Korea National Health and Examination Survey. The primary outcome was depression, assessed with the patient health questionnaire-9. As exposures, smoking habits, at-risk alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. In addition, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) as an indicator of overall nutritional inadequacy was assessed with dietary intakes of macro- and micronutrients.ResultsIn men only, either two or three and more risk factors were significantly associated with higher depression risk (OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 2.886 (1.003–8.299) and OR (95% CI) = 3.109 (1.064–9.097), respectively). In women only, either two or three and more risk factors were also significantly associated with higher depression risk (OR (95% CI) = 1.505 (1.067–2.124) and OR (95% CI) = 2.828 (1.527–5.239), respectively). In particular, the presence of smoking habits and MAR were the major determinants of depression (OR (95% CI) = 1.835 (1.09–3.10) and OR (95% CI) = 1.585 (1.125–2.233), respectively) in women only. Finally, a moderation analysis with the Hayes PROCESS Macro showed a significant moderating effect of gender (β (95% CI) = 0.633 (0.206 ~ 1.060)) on the relationship between risk factors and depression. In addition, the slope of the relationship was much steeper in women than in men.ConclusionCurrent findings suggest that lifestyle risk factors are more closely associated with depression risk in women than in men.

Food neophobia and its association with nutrient intake among Saudi children

Food neophobia is a widely prevalent eating behavior among children, which has been linked to poor dietary variety and quality. Nevertheless, data pertaining nutrient intakes in relation to food neophobia among children in Middle East countries are lacking. The present study aimed to examine the associations between food neophobia and nutrient intakes in children aged 6–12 years. A cross-sectional study of 424 children was conducted. Food neophobia among children was evaluated using the Food Neophobia Scale. Dietary data of children were collected using 24-hour dietary recalls, and nutrient densities were calculated. Intakes of macro- and micronutrients were compared to dietary recommendations. Proportions of children who met the dietary recommendations for all nutrients were similar across food neophobia groups. No significant difference in macro- or micronutrient intake was observed across categories of food neophobia in univariate analyses; however, in multiple regression models, higher food neophobia score was associated with lower protein intake (β = -0.04% of total energy, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.01), cholesterol (β = -1.79 mg/1000 kcals, 95% CI −3.51 to −0.06), potassium (β = -11.02 mg/1000 kcals, 95% CI −20.5 to −1.54), phosphorus (β = -5.30 mg/1000 kcals, 95% CI −9.74 to −0.86), magnesium (β = -1.20 mg/1000 kcals, 95% CI −2.15 to −0.25), iron (β = -0.07 mg/1000 kcals, 95% CI −0.14 to −0.01), zinc (β = -0.04 mg/1000 kcals, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.001), and selenium intake (β = -0.48 ug/1000 kcals, 95% CI −0.93 to −0.04). Our findings suggest negative associations between food neophobia in children and intake of a number of important nutrients. Further investigations are needed to identify potential factors that could influence food and nutrient intake among food neophobic children.

НУТРИТИВНЫЙ СТАТУС У ДЕТЕЙ С АТОПИЧЕСКИМ ДЕРМАТИТОМ, ОБУСЛОВЛЕННЫМ ПИЩЕВОЙ АЛЛЕРГИЕЙ

The prevalence of food allergy (FA) among children with atopic dermatitis (AD) ranges from 26 to 38%. The article presents an analysis of domestic and foreign publications devoted to the peculiarities of the AD flowing from the FA in children, in which the withdrawal diet plays a leading role in elimination diet. The complete or partial exclusion of one or several foods from the diet contributes to an insufficient intake of macro- and micronutrients, which can lead to a decrease not only in body weight, but also in a delay in the growth of children, as well as in decrease in parameters of bone mineral density. According to research results, the intake of calcium and vitamin D in children with AD and FA is below the recommended levels. The serum 25(OH)D level in these patients is lower than in the general population and is inversely proportional to the SCORAD index. Vitamin D supplementation improves the effectiveness of treatment, helps to reduce the clinical manifestations of AD, as evidenced by a decrease in indicators of both the SCORAD index and the EASI index. The timely and adequate correction of the diets of children with FA who follow strict elimination diets requires an interdisciplinary approach in close cooperation between the pediatrician, allergist and nutritionist.

Changes in the nutritional content of children's lunches after the Food Dudes healthy eating programme.

Previous research into the effectiveness of healthy eating programmes has shown increases in healthful eating behaviour in primary schools; however, data collection methods have not been sufficiently sensitive to detect micronutrient changes. The present study extends the literature by measuring individual children's intake of macro- and micronutrients at lunchtime, before and after a programme targeting children's consumption of fruit and vegetables, to identify evidence-based health benefits of programme participation. Baseline data were collected over 4 d at lunchtime in two primary schools. The Food Dudes programme was then implemented in the intervention school. Follow-up data were collected over 4 d in each school 2 months after baseline. We employed a validated and sensitive photographic method to estimate individual children's (N 112) consumption of fruit, vegetables, and their intake of calories, macro- and selected micronutrients. Significant changes were observed in the intervention school but not in the control school: Children's consumption of fruit, vegetables, vitamin C and E intake increased, while their total energy consumption, fat, saturated fat, and sodium intake decreased. The present results show that the Food Dudes programme produced a positive nutritional change, with implications for its application as a healthy eating and obesity prevention intervention. These optimistic conclusions should be tested by further research to establish the longevity of the positive effects presented here.

Leishmaniose visceral e desnutrição: uma via de mão dupla?

Objetivo: delinear o panorama da discussão entre a leishmaniose visceral e a desnutrição. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com suporte em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde por meio das bases de dados científicas, sendo estas a Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (MEDLINE) e a Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). A coleta resultou em artigos publicados durante o período de 2006 a 2017. Foi encontrado um total de 89 artigos, sendo 76 documentos na MEDLINE e 13 na LILACS. Destes, apenas 11 compuseram a amostra final. Resultados: a desnutrição na leishmaniose visceral parece apresentar duas gêneses diferentes, uma pela deficiência na ingestão de macro e micronutrientes, antecedendo à infecção e favorecendo a susceptibilidade do hospedeiro pelo comprometimento dos ramos da resposta imunológica e outra por meio de um processo consumptivo hipercatabólico e anorético deflagrado pela resposta inflamatória sistêmica frente à ação da leishmania. Ambas dentro de um quadro global que envolve elementos genéticos, imunológicos, hormonais, ambientais e do próprio parasito. Considerações finais: assim sendo, torna-se imprescindível o manejo clínico da desnutrição por meio de parâmetros antropométricos e laboratoriais, independente da origem.

State of actual nutrition for children of school age

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of school-age children living in monotown.Material and methods. A computer test was used to assess nutrition, namely, the program of the analysis of the frequency of food consumption «Human nutrition analysis» differentiated by classes of education for schoolchildren aged 7-10 years (junior classes), 11-13 years (middle link of education) and 15-16 years (high school). The total sample size amounted to 612 schoolchildren. The comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative indices of the composition of the diet was carried out based on existing regulations.Results. In all age groups of schoolchildren, an imbalance in the intake of macro- and micronutrients with diets was revealed, which was due to the imbalance of the food set. In the daily diet of children of 7-16 years, there was a fairly adequate caloric value, however, they were deficient in total protein (89.0-96.4%) and excessive in fat (100.4-124.3%) and carbohydrates (105.3-118.5% of physiological norms). The protein content of animal origin in the daily diets of all schoolchildren was below the norms of physiological needs and accounted for 88.0%, 85.4%, 90.7%, respectively. Diets were scarce in their content of meat and meat products (68.1-73.2% from the recommended level of consumption), fish and seafood (32.9-47.5%), eggs (62.3-82.4%), milk and dairy products (48.5%-72.1% per day), bakery products (79.4-93.6%), potatoes (62.9-71.0%). Actual food consumption and the intake of nutrients are influenced by the age of the schoolchild (the determination coefficient of 0.53).Conclusion. The development of programs to optimize the nutrition of schoolchildren should be carried out in the light of previously identified violations corresponding to the regional nature.

Abstract B66: Nutritional intakes are associated with HDL-cholesterol levels in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) are at high risk of developing dyslipidemia (high LDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides, or low HDL-cholesterol). Studies showed that, similarly to the general population, cALL survivors do not respect dietary guidelines. However, whether nutritional intakes affect the lipid profile of this high-risk population remains unknown. This study aims to examine the associations between macro- and micronutrients and the presence of dyslipidemia in children and young adult survivors of cALL. Methods: Participants (n=247) survivors of cALL were recruited as part of the PETALE study at Sainte-Justine University Health Center (49.4% boys; median age: 21.7 yrs, range: 8.5-41.0 yrs; median time since diagnosis: 15.2 yrs, range: 5.4-28.2 yrs). Nutritional data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) comprising 190 items. Fasting blood was used to determine participants’ lipid profile by enzymatic reactions. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between intakes of macro- and micronutrients and dyslipidemia. The model included the following covariables: body mass index, age at diagnosis, age at diagnosis2, sex, and total energy intake. Results: Despite their young age, 41.3% of cALL survivors had dyslipidemia defined by having at least one abnormal lipid value. Specifically, 12.2% had high triglycerides and 17.4% high LDL-cholesterol and 23.1% low HDL-cholesterol. Our analysis revealed that having low HDL-cholesterol was associated with higher intakes in several nutrients (3rd vs. 1st tertile). They were proteins [odd ratio (OR): 0.27, 95%CI: 0.08-0.92, P&amp;lt;0.05], zinc (OR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.08-0.84, P&amp;lt;0.05), copper (OR: 0.34, 95%CI: 0.12-0.99, P&amp;lt;0.05), selenium (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05-0.59, P&amp;lt;0.01), niacin (OR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08-0.84, P&amp;lt;0.05), riboflavin (OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.07-0.84, P&amp;lt;0.05), and vitamin B12 (OR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13-0.90, P&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows the potential protective role of specific macro- and micronutrients on HDL-cholesterol levels in cALL survivors. These results stress the importance of deepening our understanding of the impact of nutrition in the development of dyslipidemia after cancer treatment. Nutritional strategies could be a valuable approach to prevent long-term cardiometabolic complications in cALL survivors. Citation Format: Sophia Morel, Devendra Amre, Emma Teasdale, Caroline Laverdière, Daniel Sinnett, Emile Levy, Valérie Marcil. Nutritional intakes are associated with HDL-cholesterol levels in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B66.

Nutrition of children undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

To evaluate the actual nutrition of children receiving orthodontic treatment with bracket systems, to develop recommendations for its correction. Nutrition composition was assessed using a software analyzing the frequency of food consumption. Two groups of children were distinguished: the main group (without dentoalveolar anomalies) and the comparison group (with bracket systems). The total sample size was 58 adolescents. It was found that in schoolchildren receiving orthodontic treatment the imbalance in the intake of macro- and micronutrients with diets is much higher than in schoolchildren of the main group. In the daily diet of the main group of children, adequate adequate energy value was noted (94.6% of the physiological requirements), in contrast to schoolchildren in the comparison group (76.7%). Diets in children of the main group are deficient in the content of total protein (90.1%) and carbohydrates (86.4%), and excess in fats (112.2%). In the comparison group, the intake of macronutrients with food averaged 77.7% of the norm. The limited use of certain foods in children with bracket systems has led to a significant deficit in diets of meat (70.0% of the recommended level of consumption), fish and seafood (37.6%), eggs (55.0%), bakery products (44.9%), potatoes (78.7%), vegetables (66.0%), fruits (51.6%). The installation of bracket systems for orthodontic treatment is necessary to eliminate dentoalveolar anomalies in children, but it becomes both a risk factor for the formation of nutritional disorders in patients and a risk factor for tooth enamel demineralization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop recommendations for correcting the nutrition of children during the period of orthodontic treatment.