Fresh Fruit Intake Research Articles

Causal association between plant foods intake and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study

ABSTRACT Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. Observational studies have found an association between plant food intake and AD. However, it is unclear whether this association is influenced by confounding factors. We aimed to explore the causal relationship between plant-based diet and the risk of AD using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Materials and Methods We obtained datasets of exposure from the IEU Open GWAS project, including dried fruit intake, fresh fruit intake, raw vegetable intake, cooked vegetable intake, and cereal intake. The summary data for AD were obtained from a large GWAS meta-analysis containing 71,880 cases and 383,378 controls. Results Increased intake of dried fruits was associated with a reduced risk of AD (IVW: OR = 0.88, 95CI = 0.82–0.95). No causal association was found between the intake of other foods and AD. Conclusion This MR study suggests that genetically predicted increased intake of dried fruits is a causal protective factor for AD.

The interaction of diet, alcohol, genetic predisposition, and the risk of breast cancer: a cohort study from the UK Biobank

BackgroundDietary factors have consistently been associated with breast cancer risk. However, there is limited evidence regarding their associations in women with different genetic susceptibility to breast cancer, and their interaction with alcohol consumption is also not well understood.MethodsWe analyzed data from 261,853 female participants in the UK Biobank. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between dietary factors and breast cancer risk. Additionally, we assessed the interaction of dietary factors with alcohol consumption and polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer.ResultsA moderately higher risk of breast cancer was associated with the consumption of processed meat (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.03, 1.18, p-trend = 0.016). Higher intake of raw vegetables and fresh fruits, and adherence to a healthy dietary pattern were inversely associated with breast cancer risk [HR (95% CI):0.93 (0.88–0.99), 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) and 0.93 (0.86–1.00), p for trend: 0.025, < 0.001, and 0.041, respectively]. Furthermore, a borderline significant interaction was found between alcohol consumption and the intake of processed meat with regard to breast cancer risk (P for interaction = 0.065). No multiplicative interaction was observed between dietary factors and PRS.ConclusionProcessed meat was positively associated with breast cancer risk, and vegetables, fruits, and healthy dietary patterns were negatively associated with breast cancer risk. We found no strong interaction of dietary factors with alcohol consumption and genetic predisposition for risk of breast cancer.

Higher fresh fruit intake relates to larger grey matter volumes in areas involved in dementia and depression: A UK Biobank study

The benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables are widely accepted. While previous studies suggest a protective role of fruits and vegetables against a variety of diseases such as dementia and depression, the biological mechanisms/effects remain unclear. Here we investigated the effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on brain structure. Particularly on grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, regional GM volumes and subcortical volumes. Cross-sectional imaging data from UK Biobank cohort was used. A total of 9925 participants (Mean age 62.4 ± 7.5 years, 51.1 % men) were included in the present analysis. Measures included fruit and vegetable intake, other dietary patterns and a number of selected lifestyle factors and clinical data. Brain volumes were derived from structural brain magnetic resonance imaging. General linear model was used to study the associations between brain volumes and fruit/vegetable intakes. After adjusting for selected confounding factors, salad/raw vegetable intake showed a positive association with total white matter volume, fresh fruit intake showed a negative association with total grey matter (GM) volume. Regional GM analyses showed that higher fresh fruit intake was associated with larger GM volume in the left hippocampus, right temporal occipital fusiform cortex, left postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right juxtapositional lobule cortex. We conclude that fruit and vegetable consumption seems to specifically modulate brain volumes. In particular, fresh fruit intake may have a protective role in specific cortical areas such as the hippocampus, areas robustly involved in the pathophysiology of dementia and depression.

Mendelian randomization analysis reveals fresh fruit intake as a protective factor for urolithiasis

ObjectivePrevious studies have proposed that food intakes are associated with the risk of urolithiasis. Here, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal effects of different food intakes on urolithiasis.MethodsIndependent genetic variants associated with different food intakes at a genome-wide significant level were selected from summary-level statistics of genome-wide association studies from the UK Biobank. The association of these instrumental variables with urolithiasis was studied in a cohort from FinnGen Consortium.ResultsAmong the 15 studied food intake exposures, tea intake (odds ratio [OR] = 0.433, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.281–0.667, p value = 1.470 × 10–4) and fresh fruit intake (OR = 0.358, 95% CI = 0.185–0.694, p value = 0.002) were found to significantly reduce the risk of the calculus of kidney and ureter. The association remained consistent in the sensitivity analyses. After adjusting for the effects of vitamin D and vitamin C, fresh fruit intake remained the reverse causal association with the calculus of kidney and ureter.ConclusionsGenetically proxied fresh fruit intake is causally associated with a reduced risk of the calculus of kidney and ureter.

Efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruits, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents.

To evaluate the efficacy of a school-based education intervention on the consumption of fruit, vegetables and carbonated soft drinks among adolescents. Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Eight secondary schools from Dhaka, Bangladesh, participated in this trial and were randomly allocated to intervention (n 160) and control groups (n 160). A total of 320 students from 8th to 9th grades participated and completed the self-reported questionnaires at baseline, and at 8 and 12 weeks. The intervention included weekly classroom-based nutrition education sessions for students and healthy eating materials for students and parents. Repeated measures ANCOVA was used to assess the effects of the intervention. Daily fresh fruit intake was more frequent in the intervention (26 %) compared to the control group (3 %) at 12 weeks (p = 0·006). Participants from the intervention group also reported a significantly (P < 0·001) higher (49 %) proportion of fresh vegetable intake compared to the control group (2 %) at 12 weeks. Frequency of daily carbonated soft drinks intake decreased (25 %) in the intervention group at 12 weeks compared to baseline, while it remained unchanged in the control group; the interaction effect was observed significant (P = 0·002). Our school-based education intervention increased the daily frequency of fresh vegetables and fruit intake and decreased carbonated soft drink consumption among adolescents in the intervention group. There is a need for scaling up the intervention to engage students and empower them to develop healthy dietary habits.

Causal relationship between dietary factors and breast cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundPrevious studies have discovered an association between dietary factors and breast cancer. However, few studies have used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential causal relationship between dietary factors and breast cancer. MethodsThe exposure datasets for fresh fruit intake, dried fruit intake, salad/raw vegetable intake, cooked vegetable intake, oily fish intake, non-oily fish intake, cheese intake, and bread intake were obtained from the UK Biobank. The outcome dataset was extracted from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach for the two-sample MR analysis. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we conducted heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy analyses. Additionally, multivariable MR analysis was conducted to ensure the stability of the results. ResultsDried fruit intake was found to be a protective factor for overall breast cancer (outliers excluded: OR: 0.549; 95 % CI: 0.429–0.702; p = 1.75 × 10−6). Subtype analyses showed that dried fruit intake was inversely associated with both estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (outliers excluded: OR: 0.669; 95 % CI: 0.512–0.875; p = 0.003) and ER-negative (ER−) breast cancer (OR: 0.559; 95 % CI: 0.379–0.827; p = 0.004), while fresh fruit intake was inversely associated with ER− breast cancer (excluded outliers: OR: 0.510; 95 % CI: 0.308–0.846; p = 0.009). No significant causal relationship was found between other dietary intakes and breast cancer. After adjusting for the effects of possible confounders, the causal relationships found by the two-sample MR analysis remained. ConclusionOur study provides evidence that dried fruit intake may reduce the risk of both ER+ and ER− breast cancer, and fresh fruit intake may reduce the risk of ER− breast cancer. Other factors included in this study were not linked to breast cancer.

Construction of a Risk Prediction Model for Lung Cancer Based on Lifestyle Behaviors in the UK Biobank Large-Scale Population Cohort

To identify the risk factors related to lifestyle behaviors that affect the incidence of lung cancer, to build a lung cancer risk prediction model to identify, in the population, individuals who are at high risk, and to facilitate the early detection of lung cancer. The data used in the study were obtained from the UK Biobank, a database that contains information collected from 502 389 participants between March 2006 and October 2010. Based on domestic and international guidelines for lung cancer screening and high-quality research literature on lung cancer risk factors, high-risk population identification criteria were determined. Univariate Cox regression was performed to screen for risk factors of lung cancer and a multifactor lung cancer risk prediction model was constructed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Based on the comparison of Akaike information criterion and Schoenfeld residual test results, the optimal fitted model assuming proportional hazards was selected. The multiple factor Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to consider the survival time and the population was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set by a ratio of 7:3. The model was built using the training set and the performance of the model was internally validated using the validation set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ( AUC) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the model. The population was categorized into low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk groups based on the probability of occurrence of 0% to <25%, 25% to <75%, and 75% to 100%. The respective proportions of affected individuals in each risk group were calculated. The study eventually covered 453 558 individuals, and out of the cumulative follow-up of 5 505 402 person-years, a total of 2 330 cases of lung cancer were diagnosed. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to identify 10 independent variables as predictors of lung cancer, including age, body mass index (BMI), education, income, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption frequency, fresh fruit intake, family history of cancer, and tobacco exposure, and a model was established accordingly. Internal validation results showed that 8 independent variables (all the 10 independent variables screened out except for BMI and fresh fruit intake) were significant influencing factors of lung cancer ( P<0.05). The AUC of the training set for predicting lung cancer occurrence at one year, five years, and ten years were 0.825, 0.785, and 0.777, respectively. The AUC of the validation set for predicting lung cancer occurrence at one year, five years, and ten years were 0.857, 0.782, and 0.765, respectively. 68.38% of the individuals who might develop lung cancer in the future could be identified by screening the high-risk population. We established, in this study, a model for predicting lung cancer risks associated with lifestyle behaviors of a large population. Showing good performance in discriminatory ability, the model can be used as a tool for developing standardized screening strategies for lung cancer.

Causal Associations between Dietary Habits and Chronic Pain: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Chronic pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition with significant impacts on individuals and society. While the role of diet in chronic pain is well-known, the relationship between special dietary choices and chronic pain remains unclear. This study investigates the causal associations between 20 dietary habits and chronic pain using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Publicly available genome-wide association study data from the UK Biobank dataset were utilized for secondary analysis, and genetic instrumental variables strongly correlated with 20 different dietary habits were selected. Multisite chronic pain (MCP) scores were used as the primary outcome, with site-specific chronic pain (SSCP) including back pain, headache, knee pain, neck pain, and hip pain as secondary outcomes. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method was the primary method used in the MR. The weighted median (WM) and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) methods were used as sensitivity analyses. This study identified causal associations between specific dietary habits and chronic pain. A high intake of cheese, cereal, dried fruits, and fresh fruits was associated with lower MCP scores. Conversely, high alcohol, salt, pork, and poultry intakes were associated with higher MCP scores. Similar associations between special dietary habits and some types of SSCP, such as back and neck pain, were also observed. The findings were consistent across different statistical methods, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the results. In conclusion, our study provides evidence of a causal relationship between various dietary habits and different types of chronic pain based on secondary analysis of the UK Biobank dataset. Adhering to an anti-inflammatory diet, including increased consumption of fruits and cereal while reducing salt and pork intake, may potentially alleviate chronic pain symptoms.

The associations of dietary patterns with depressive and anxiety symptoms: a prospective study

BackgroundDiet is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for mental health. However, evidence regarding the association between diet pattern and depressive and anxiety symptoms is limited. We aimed to investigate the associations of dietary patterns characterized by a set of nutrients of interest with depressive and anxiety symptoms.MethodsThe analyses included a total of 126,819 participants in the UK Biobank who had completed at least two dietary questionnaires. Dietary data were obtained through 24-h dietary assessment at baseline between 2006 and 2010 and four rounds of online follow-ups between 2011 and 2012. Reduced rank regression was applied to derive dietary patterns (DPs) explaining variability in energy density, free sugars, saturated fat, and fiber intakes. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 between 2016 and 2017, respectively. Logistic regression models were performed to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and depressive and anxiety symptoms.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 2746 cases of depressive symptoms and 2202 cases of anxiety symptoms were recorded. Three major DPs were derived, explaining 74% of the variation in nutrients hypothesized to be related to depressive and anxiety symptoms. DP1 was characterized by high intakes of chocolate, confectionery, butter, and low vegetable/fruit intakes. Compared to the lowest quintile of DP1, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of depressive symptoms for Q2–Q5 was 0.82 (0.72–0.93), 0.86 (0.76–0.98), 1.02 (0.90–1.15), and 1.17 (1.03–1.32), respectively. Compared to the lowest quintile of DP1, the odds ratio (95% CI) of anxiety symptoms for Q2–Q5 was 0.84 (0.73–0.97), 0.91 (0.79–1.05), 1.01 (0.88–1.15), and 1.18 (1.03–1.35), respectively. DP2 featured high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, added sugars, and low intakes of butter/cheese but showed no significant links to depressive or anxiety symptoms. DP3 was characterized by high butter and milk desserts and low alcohol/bread intakes. Compared to the lowest quintile of DP3, the odds ratio (95% CI) of depressive symptoms for Q2–Q5 was 0.90 (0.79–1.01), 1.00 (0.88–1.13), 1.06 (0.94–1.20), and 1.17 (1.03–1.32), respectively. Compared to the lowest quintile of DP3, the odds ratio (95% CI) of anxiety symptoms for Q2–Q5 was 0.90 (0.78–1.04), 1.05 (0.91–1.20), 1.02 (0.89–1.17), and 1.21 (1.05–1.38), respectively.ConclusionsA DP characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, high-fat cheese, added sugars, along with low intakes of fresh fruit and vegetables, is associated with a higher risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Study on the associations of meeting intensive systolic blood pressure control goals with risk for incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among the adult hypertensive patients in China

Objective: To evaluate the associations of meeting intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control goals with risk for incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among the adult hypertensive patients in China. Methods: We used data from adult hypertensive patients from the China Kadoorie Biobank. logistic regression models evaluated the influencing factors of meeting intensive and standard SBP control goals. Cox proportional hazard models evaluated the associations between meeting intensive vs. standard SBP control goals and risk for incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Results: A total of 3 628 hypertensive patients who reported continuous medication use were included in this study, of which 5.0% of the participants met the goals of intensive SBP control (≤130 mmHg). Participants with higher educational attainment (OR=2.36,95%CI: 1.32-4.04), healthier diet (OR=2.09,95%CI: 1.45-2.96), daily intake of fresh fruit (OR=1.67,95%CI: 1.17-2.36) and combination treatment (OR=1.82,95%CI: 1.03-3.09) were more likely to meet intensive SBP control goal after adjustment of age, sex and urban/rural areas. During an average follow-up of (10.0±3.7) years, 1 278 cases of composite cardiovascular outcome were recorded. This study did not find a statistical correlation between achieving the goal of enhanced SBP control and the occurrence of composite cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes (HR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.63-1.25). For major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cerebrovascular diseases, stroke, and ischemic stroke, we observed a trend of decrease in risk of outcomes with more intensive SBP control (trend test P<0.05). Conclusions: We observed decreased risk for MACE and cerebrovascular diseases with more intensive SBP control. However, there was no significant risk reduction for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases when meeting the intensive SBP control goal, compared to the standard SBP control goal.

Food literacy and its relationship with food intake: a comparison between adults and older adults using 2021 Seoul Food Survey data.

This study was conducted to examine the differences in food literacy between adults and older adults and the association of food literacy with food group intake. In total, 4,039 participants from the 2021 Survey for Food Consumption in Seoul were included in this study. The intake of whole grains, high-protein foods, total vegetables, vegetables excluding kimchi and pickles, fresh fruits, and milk and dairy products was assessed using a simple food frequency questionnaire. Food literacy was measured using a food literacy measurement questionnaire. With the exception of milk and dairy, adults had a significantly higher proportion of insufficient food intake than older adults (p<0.001). Both adults and older adults with sufficient food group consumption had higher food literacy scores. Notably, the difference in food literacy scores by level of food intake was highest for fresh fruits (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors affecting food literacy scores, a higher score was associated with a lower probability of having insufficient food intake in all food groups for both adults and older adults. Specifically, those in the highest food literacy score quartile were less likely to have insufficient intake of vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.43) and fresh fruits (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43), compared to the lowest quartile. Improving food literacy is an important factor for promoting healthy food intake in older adults as well as adults. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to work toward this goal.

Association of gut microbiota and dietary component intake with COVID-19: A mendelian randomization study

Growing evidence has indicated that alterations in the gut microbiota and nutritional quality of dietary intake were associated with COVID-19. Whether these associations reflect causality is still unknown. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using genetic variants as instrumental variables for gut microbiota, dietary component intake, and COVID-19. We found that the Ruminococcustorques group genus was significantly associated with COVID-19. The Ruminococcaceae UCG013 genus and Ruminococcus1 genus were suggestively associated with COVID-19. The Actinobacteria class, Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae genus, R.group, and Tyzzerella3 genus were potentially associated with severe COVID-19. COVID-19 was significantly associated with the Lachnospira genus, Oscillospira, and RuminococcaceaeUCG009 genus and potentially associated with the Victivallis genus. Severe COVID-19 was significantly associated with the Turicibacter and Olsenella genus and potentially associated with Ruminococcus1, CandidatusSoleaferrea, and Parasutterella genus. Moreover, processed meat intake was significantly associated with COVID-19. Beef intake was suggestively associated with COVID-19. Salt added to food intake, and fresh fruit intake was suggestively associated with severe COVID-19. Our findings provide evidence supporting a causal effect of gut microbiota and dietary intake on COVID-19. We also found the causal effect of COVID-19 on the alteration of gut microbiota.

162-LB: ¡Más Fresco! More Fresh—Impact of a Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program in a Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Clinic

Fruit and vegetable prescription (FVRx) programs have shown to improve fruit and vegetable intake and glycemic control in adults with diabetes; however, pediatric data is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess if a FVRx program improved fresh fruit and vegetable intake and health outcomes of children with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Families with a child with T2D and enrolled in Medi-Cal were recruited from our pediatric diabetes clinic. Families were randomized to either receive vouchers immediately (intervention group) or after a 6-month waiting period (delayed-control group). Monthly vouchers were given for 1 year to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables. Families completed surveys including the Dietary Screening Questionnaire and U.S. Household Food Security Survey every 6 months. Physiologic data and standardized laboratory tests were also collected. Of the 57 families with baseline surveys, the majority identified as Latino/Hispanic (84%) and the mean age of children was 14.3 years. Of the 49 parents who completed the baseline U.S. Household Food Security Survey, 46.9% reported low household food security and 16.3% reported very low food security. There were 29 families who completed our baseline and 6-month surveys. For the intervention group (n=14), there was an increase in parent-reported fruit and vegetable intake from baseline to 6-months for parents (2.4 vs 3.6 cups per day, p=0.0034) and children (2.6 vs 4.4 cups per day, p=0.0264). Children self-reported increased fresh vegetable intake between baseline and 6-months (0.17 vs 0.53 cups per day, p=0.014). There was no statistically significant difference in these measures for the delayed-control group (n=15). There was no significant change in BMI Z-score or hemoglobin A1c for the two groups after 6 months. A FVRx program is a viable intervention to improve fruit and vegetable intake for families with a child with T2D. Further research is needed to assess its impact on BMI and glycemic control. Disclosure K. Chan: None. S. P. Hiller-venegas: None. J. J. Kim: None. K. O. Klein: Consultant; AbbVie Inc., Tolmar Pharm, Azurity. K. Rhee: None. Funding U.S. Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2021-06512)

The prevalence and determinant of overweight and obesity among residents aged 40–69 years in high-risk regions for upper gastrointestinal cancer in southeast China

Being overweight or obese is one of the public health concerns worldwide, and its prevalence is gradually increasing. Obesity has been proven to be associated with some cancers, including upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGC). However, studies on the prevalence of obesity among residents of areas at high risk of UGC in China are minimal. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of obesity and its influencing factors among people aged 40–69 years (high-risk population) in high-risk areas for UGC in Jiangsu Province, southeast China. This cross-sectional study involved 45,036 subjects aged 40–69 years identified in the Rural Early Diagnosis and Treatment of UGC Project database in Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2021. Differences in prevalence across gender and age were assessed using the Chi-square test. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, we examined independent risk factors for overweight/obesity and their gender and age differences. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and overweight/obesity varied based on the standards used: Chinese standard (42.1%, 11.9%, and 54.0%) and WHO standard (34.7%, 4.7%, and 39.4%), respectively. Being overweight was more common in men than women, while obesity was more common in women than men. Age of 50–59 years, married, household size of 7–9, drinking, soy products, pickled food, and hot food intake were positively associated with overweight/obesity. Females, 60–69 years, higher education level, household size of 4–6, annual family income of more than 60,000 CNY, smoking, and fresh fruit intake were negatively associated with overweight/obesity. Stratified analysis showed that the effects of age, education and meat, egg and dairy products on overweight/obesity were different across gender. The impact of fresh fruit and vegetables on overweight/obesity was also heterogeneous between the younger (40–59 years) and older (60–69 years) groups. In conclusion, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among adults aged 40–69 years from high-risk areas for UGC of Jiangsu Province, southeast China. Independent influencing factors of being overweight/obese included gender, age, marital status, education, household size, annual family income, smoking, drinking, fresh fruit, soy products, pickled food and hot food intake, and may vary by gender and age. Screening-based interventions should be considered to control obesity levels among screened participants. Besides, heterogeneity of influencing factors across subgroups could be focused on to improve intervention effectiveness.

Foods and Nutrients at Risk for Insufficient Intake by Community-Dwelling Healthy Older Women Eating Alone and Together in Japan-A Preliminary Finding.

Eating alone and poor dental status have been reported to influence dietary intake in older adults. First, we compared nutrient and food intake and dental markers between women eating alone and together, who participated in a home health management program conducted by Kanazawa Medical University. The results showed the significantly higher intake of fresh fruit and some micro-nutrients and a lower decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index (better dental status) in women eating alone after adjusting for age, suggesting that dental status may mediate the association between commensality and dietary intake. Then, we investigated nutrients and foods at risk for insufficient intake and associated with increasing dental markers. The risks for the insufficient intake of protein and n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were significantly increased with an increasing DMFT index. The risk for n-3 PUFA intake also increased with increasing numbers of missing teeth in women. Foods at risk for insufficient consumption included beans for women with an increasing DMFT index and green and yellow vegetables, fresh fruits, and meat and fish for women with increasing numbers of missing teeth. These findings suggest that good health management, including the treatment of decayed teeth, is important for the prevention of malnutrition in community-dwelling healthy older women.

173P Diet, genetic predisposition and the risk of breast cancer: A cohort study from the UK biobank

Dietary factors have been consistently associated with breast cancer risk, but evidence for their effects in women with different genetic susceptibility of breast cancer is scarce, and little is known about their interaction with alcohol consumption. We analyzed data from 261,857 female participants in the UK Biobank. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between dietary factors and breast cancer risk. We further assessed its interaction with alcohol consumption and polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer. Only processed meat and beef intake more than once a week were associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, especially in women who took alcohol ≥1/d [HR (95% CI):1.20(1.01, 1.42) and 1.35 (1.06, 1.73), respectively]. Fresh fruit intake was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer [HR (95% CI):0.76 (0.64, 0.89)]. There was an interaction between vegetable and fresh fruit intake and alcohol consumption (P for interaction<0.05). When further stratified by PRS, fresh fruit intake with ≥4 servings/d was associated with risk of breast cancer [HR(95% CI):0.87(0.78-0.96)] in women with the highest quantile of PRS, and additive interaction was found between them.Table: 173PAssociations between diet and any breast cancer, by frequency of alcohol consumptionIn women took alcohol <1/dIn women took alcohol ≥1/dHR(95%CI)HR(95%CI)Processed meatNever1.00 (REF)1.00 (REF)<once/wk1.10(1.01-1.18)1.08(0.91-1.29)≥once/wk1.08(1.01-1.17)1.20(1.01-1.42)BeefNever1.00 (REF)1.00 (REF)<once/wk1.04(0.95-1.14)1.27(0.99-1.63)≥once/wk1.05(0.96-1.16)1.35(1.06-1.73)Fresh fruit<2 servings/d1.00 (REF)1.00 (REF)2.0-2.9 servings/d0.99(0.94-1.06)0.90(0.80-1.02)3.0-3.9 servings/d0.99(0.93-1.05)0.92(0.80-1.05)≥4 servings/d0.89(0.83-0.96)0.76(0.64-0.89) Open table in a new tab . Processed meat, vegetable and fresh fruit were associated with risk of breast cancer, and the effect was stronger in those who took alcohol ≥1/d and with high PRS for breast cancer. A combined intervention by reducing alcohol and processed meat consumption while increasing vegetable and fresh fruit intake might contribute to the prevention of breast cancer in high risk women.

What Is the Relationship between the Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Korea?

This study aims to determine the relationship between chewing ability and the nutritional status of the elderly in Korea. This study utilized the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted from 2013–2018 for persons who were ≥65 years of age. Of the 7835 subjects, 43.2% had chewing difficulty. Compared to the normal group, the chewing difficulty group had more stress, lower exercise frequency, less snack intake, a lower frequency of eating out, and a higher proportion of food insecurity. The chewing difficulty group had significantly lower food intake compared to the normal group, including various food groups such as cereals and grain, potatoes, fruits, meat, and milks and dairy products. The intake of fresh fruits was 24.5% lower and the intake of plant food (fresh fruits and nonstarchy vegetables) was 17.8% lower in the chewing difficulty group compared to the normal group. In addition, the intake of most nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C) was significantly lower in the chewing difficulty group than in the normal group. The chewing difficulty was significantly associated with undernutrition (OR = 1.63). In conclusion, chewing ability is closely related to food and nutrient intake among the elderly, which can decrease the quantity and quality of diet and is also related to undernutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to develop customized nutrition programs and aging-friendly food products that consider the chewing ability of the elderly.

Dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain: A Mendelian randomization study.

Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). We obtained summary-level data for dried fruit intake (N = 421,764) from the IEU Open GWAS Project. Forty-one independent genetic variants proxied dried fruit intake. The corresponding data for low back pain were derived from the FinnGen project (13,178 cases and 164,682 controls; discovery data) and the Neale lab (5,423 cases and 355,771 controls; replication data). We conducted univariable and multivariable MR analyses. In the univariable MR analysis, the inverse variance weighted estimate showed that greater dried fruit intake was associated with decreased risk of low back pain [odds ratio (OR) = 0.435, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.287-0.659, P = 8.657 × 10-5]. Sensitivity analyses using the MR-Egger (OR = 0.078, 95% CI: 0.013-0.479, P = 0.009), maximum likelihood (OR = 0.433, 95% CI: 0.295-0.635, P = 1.801 × 10-5), weighted median (OR = 0.561, 95% CI: 0.325-0.967, P = 0.038) and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) (OR = 0.454, 95% CI: 0.302-0.683, P = 4.535 × 10-4) methods showed consistent results. No evidence of directional pleiotropy was identified according to the Egger intercept (intercept P-value = 0.065) or applying the MR-PRESSO method (global test P-value = 0.164). The replication analysis yielded similar results. The multivariable MR revealed that the inverse association between dried fruit intake and low back pain was consistent after adjustment for fresh fruit intake, body mass index, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, total body bone mineral density, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and vigorous physical activity. This MR study provides evidence to support that dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain.

Level of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Its Relationship with Risk for Malnutrition in China’s Adult Labor Force: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015–2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the fruit and vegetable intake status and examine both potential risk and protective action factors in the Chinese labor force population, while investigating the association between fruit and vegetable intake and malnutrition in this population. Data were derived from a population-based cross-sectional survey, the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015-2017. Sociodemographic information, physical measurements, and dietary intake data were collected. A total of 45,459 survey respondents aged 18-64 years old were included in the analysis. Fruit and vegetable consumption data were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the average daily intake was calculated. In 2015, the daily intake of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, and combined fruits and vegetables among the Chinese labor force was 64.3 g, 210.0 g, and 330.0 g (median), respectively. Compared with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022), 79.9% and 53.0% were at risk of inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, while 55.2% were at risk of inadequate intake of combined fruits and vegetables compared with the WHO recommendation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, higher educational level, and higher income were protective factors for adequate fruit intake, while increasing age and living in the southern region were protective factors for adequate vegetable intake. The results confirmed that increasing vegetable intake helped urban labor force maintain normal BMI and control overweight. Increased fruit consumption may reduce the risk of underweight, but no clear negative association with overweight and obesity was observed. In conclusion, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables by the Chinese labor force was inadequate, especially for fruits. Interventions are needed to promote the daily intake of fruits and vegetables in this population. In addition, further in-depth studies in this area are recommended in populations with different health status.

The improvement of healthy habits in patients with severe mental disorders: the LIFESTYLE trial

IntroductionThe impact of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors is significant in the general population, being associated with chronic physical conditions, reduced life expectancy and increased healthcare costs. This impact is higher in patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). In fact, SMD patients present higher rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. The relationship between physical and mental health is multifactorial and includes side effects of many psychotropic drugs, sedentary behaviors, reduction of physical exercise, smoking, and substance abuse. Finally, illness-related factors, including cognitive impairment, reduced psychosocial functioning, social isolation, and self-stigma, can significantly impact on patients’ physical health.ObjectivesThis study, coordinated by the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, aims to test the efficacy of a lifestyle group intervention, compared to a brief psycho-educational intervention, in improving healthy habits in a real-world sample of patients with SMD.Methods401 patients were recruited and randomly allocated to receive the experimental or the control intervention. Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 65 years; primary diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, other psychotic disorders, major depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder according to the DSM-5; BMI≥ 25. At baseline and 6 months post-randomization all patients were administered: SCID-5, BPRS, MATRICS, MCCB, IPAQ and a questionnaire on lifestyle behaviors developed by the Italian National Institute of Health.Results206 patients were allocated to the experimental group and 195 in the control one, of which 43.3% had a main diagnosis of bipolar disorder, 29.9% of psychosis and 26.9% of major depression. Patients were mainly female (57%), with a mean age of 45.6±11.8 years and with an educational level of 11.7±2.9 years. All patients were treated with at least one psychotropic drug. About 29.4% of patients reported performing physical activity regularly, while only 3.7% performed at least 75 min of vigorous physical activity per week. Patients practicing physical activity report higher levels of perceived satisfaction with the quality of life compared with non-active patients (p &lt; 0.005). A general improvement in dietary patterns from T0 to T1 was found in patients receiving the experimental intervention. We found an increased weekly intake of fish (p &lt; .001), vegetables (p &lt; .05) and fresh fruit (p &lt; .01). Moreover, we also found a reduction of junk food (p &lt;.05) and of weekly consumption of cereals (p &lt; .01).ConclusionsOur findings show that patients with SMD can improve their lifestyle behaviors with appropriate support. There is the need to implement similar interventions clinical practice to reduce the mortality gap in patients with SMD.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared