Instruments Of State Support Research Articles

Organizational and Economic Aspects of the State Support of the Enterprises and Organizations of National Defense Industry

Purpose: the purpose of the work is to prepare reasonable proposals for the development of state support for investment activities – programs of diversification of enterprises and organizations of the defense industry. The relevance of the topic of this article is because the current state support mechanisms do not effectively stimulate the implementation of projects to diversify enterprises and defense industry organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop special regulatory documents that take into account the specific features of the organization of production and production of defense-industrial complex (first of all, the “State program for diversification of enterprises and defense-industrial complex organizations”) for a rather long period of time.Methods: the methodological basis of the work is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, as well as systemic and institutional approaches. In the course of the study, the procedures and instruments of state support for investment activities of business entities used methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogies. The methodological basis of this article was legal documents in the field of investment promotion (Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of ministries, etc.).Results: the article formulates proposals on the methods and procedures of justifying calculations, as well as the procedure and conditions for the provision of target funds. The proposals were developed on the basis of the analysis of the specific features of the organization of production and military products manufactured by the defense industry, as well as existing legal documents in the field of state support for investment activities.Conclusions and Relevance: аt the present stage of development of the Russian economy, the state must not only provide support to enterprises and organizations of the defense industrial complex in the form of concessional loans, subsidize interest rates on them, but also finance research and development costs from the federal budget. It should create interest among potential buyers in their acquisition of civilian products not only by economic, but also by administrative methods. At the same time, projects should be evaluated according to three criteria: the level of competitiveness of products in the world markets, commercial (financial) and budgetary efficiency.

Organizational and economic features of the functioning of small enterprises of the forest sector of economics and the causes of strengthening the deformation of enterprise activity

In modern Russian conditions of economic management, it is important to analyze deformations in the development of small business in those sectors of the economy that are strategically important for the development of the economy of the whole country. So, for Russia strategic resources, determining the vector of development of its economy, among others are forestry. This is due to the fact that Russia is the world's largest country with forest resources. It ranks first in the world in terms of forest area and the volume of timber reserves. In addition, the development of entrepreneurship in forestry, including small business, is the most problematic in the current economic conditions. Due to the specific scope and the lack of financial capacity of small businesses in this sector demonstrates the lack of effectiveness in its development, which is reflected in the increase in arrears to the budgets of all levels, increasing the size of the shadow work and others. The results of the survey of small business leaders revealed that businesses can to lead a part of the activity into the shadow, first of all, with the goal of reducing costs. According to the estimates of the World Wide Fund for Nature, the extent of deforestation in the informal sector in Russia is more than 30%, and in the surplus regions up to 59-70%. According to expert estimates, federal and regional budgets are losing every year in this connection from 1 to 1.5 billion rubles. forest payments. The reasons for the deforming activities in small business are inadequate state, legal and economic policies and the lack of effective measures to support small business. This necessitates a more careful study of the implemented instruments of state support for small business in the forest sector of the economy, taking into account the currently existing factors of business deformation.

THE INVESTMENT IN THE MEAT SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF FOOD SECURITY IN UKRAINE

In the agricultural sector, it is important to identify the main directions of investment in order to ensure the food supply for the country's population. One of the most important cases in this sector is ensuring the secure supply of meat and meat products. The state has to choose the most effective tools for supporting the development of indigenous producers and the industry in this sector. The security of the country's food supply is influenced by a large amount of quantitative and qualitative factors. Interaction of these factors and the necessary state support instruments in the meat sector is unevenly treated in the researches of the scientists and varies depending on the specifics of the development of the food sector in a country. The problem of the research is to find out and evaluate the main financial demands and investment directions of the state’s support programs for the support of Ukrainian meat’s sector, which could help secure the state’s demand for the food supply. The purpose of the research is to find out effective mechanisms for the state support and financing of the long-term projects aimed to ensuring the food security in the country. The methodology of research: analysis of research results of Ukrainian and foreign scientists and statistical information (2006–2018 m.). The information is grouped and structured to determine the forecast of meat consumption in Ukraine for 2020, the expected number of population and the determination of the missing quantities of this product in the country. The study provides a model for identifying the volume of long-term investments to ensure the food the security of the country’s supply of meat, identifying the main directions of these investments. The research was based on economic analysis and synthesis models, correlation-regression analysis, mathematic modeling method, etc. The results of research demonstrate the indicators of the food security in the country and determine the adequacy of the food consumption; also the estimation of the investment need for meat production by 2020 is carried out.

СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЦИФРОВИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЙОГО АДАПТАЦІЇ В УМОВАХ УКРАЇНИ

The article summarizes, systematizes and analyzes the global practice of state support and stimulation of the introduction and use of digital technologies by enterprises, households and individuals using the example of OECD countries and other countries of the world in 2015-2020. The main forms, methods and instruments of state stimulation of the digitalization of the economy based on the implementation of a system of financial, non-financial, legal and administrative measures are determined, specific areas and instruments of state support and stimulation of the introduction of digital technologies in individual countries of the world are characterized. It is substantiated that the main forms of support and stimulation of the use of digital technologies by domestic enterprises should be indirect financial support, non-financial support and improvement of legal and administrative mechanisms regulated by the activities of all subjects of digital relations. Priority should be given to increasing public funding for research; providing businesses with incentives to attract investment; improvement of professional training and advanced training of personnel of enterprises; advising businesses on the use of digital technologies and the implementation of digital business models; ensuring data protection and cybersecurity; creating and organizing the activities of regulatory "sandboxes", as well as determining the regulatory values of indicators of digital support. It was determined that the main tools for stimulating the use of digital technologies by households and individuals in Ukraine should be: the introduction of educational programs for the development of digital technologies; development of the system of state e-services; increasing digital literacy, skills and competencies in order to reduce the “digital divide”; organization of educational events to inform citizens about the protection of personal data, as well as the development of regulatory documents that help increase public confidence in digital technologies and ensure a high level of digital security.

Evolution of Instruments of State Support of Industry in the Russian Federation: From Federal Target Programs to the State Program

This paper examines the evolution of support for civil industry in Russia in terms of the structure and content of the corresponding target programs and state programs. A possible solution to the problem of the recurrence of priorities and support instruments in the form of rejecting the sectoral principle of program formation is suggested.

Инструменты государственной поддержки инновационного развития в Ленинградской области

Инструменты государственной поддержки инновационного развития в Ленинградской области

IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN RUSSIA AS DEVELOPMENT FACTOR IN GLOBAL CHALLENGES PERIOD OF 2017–2019

Purpose : objectives of research: 1) Justification of a new role of import-substituting strategy as factor of large-scale import-substituting industrial revolution in the Russian Federation, an economic development driving force; 2) Confirmation of expediency of complex synergetic innovative tools of state support on decrease in import technology dependence of the Russian Federation, increase in dynamics of industry growth, technological potential and export of technologies; 3) The proof of progressiveness of scaling of import substitution as new key strategy of Russia development taking into account the best international experience, public and private initiatives and risks of import substitution. Methods: the methodology of the work is based on a modeling of scenarios, analysis of open statistical sources, projections and calculations, forecasting methods. Results: on the basis of the analysis of statistics a positive assessment is given to methodologically progressive instruments and mechanisms of realization of strategy of import substitution in the Russian Federation with the proved or potential efficiency taking into account national specifics. New national advantages and benefits of overcoming the degrading consumer market in Russia in 2014–2015 are shown. Processes of transformation and creation of the new national market on the basis of import substitution are described. The forecast of achievement of planned targets for import substitution programs in the Russian Federation on condition of further total economy modernization for import substitution is developed. conclusions and relevance : the statistics of large-scale revolutionary transition of the enterprises of the Russian Federation to a full cycle of production instead of the short technological chains which have taken roots in the last 20 years is collected. The problems and risks which are slowing down progress in import substitution in the Russian Federation are revealed. The role of RAS as chief scientific expert of the Russian Federation in realization of policy of import substitution is noted. The methodology of state support from the Industry Development Fund and Rostec is estimated. Strong advantages of a regional component of the state program approach in import substitution are revealed. Methods of strengthening of regional industrial competences and their global marketing as state support instruments are revealed.

Law and Innovation Policies: An Analysis of the Mismatch between Innovation Public Policies and Their Results in Brazil

AbstractThis study aims to analyze, from a legal perspective, the public policies of science, technology and innovation offered by the Brazilian government, more specifically, the Brazilian Innovation Act (Lei de Inovação), in order to verify the reasons behind the mismatch between innovation efforts and its results in the economy. We seek to answer, preliminarily, the following questions: (a) What is innovation? (b) Should the state act in the innovation process? (c) What is the relationship between law and innovation policies? (d) Why is there a mismatch between what innovation efforts propose and what we can see in reality? Given these considerations, it becomes possible to answer the central issue of this study: Why is there a mismatch between what the Innovation Act proposes and what we can see as results? The issue was analyzed based on the premise that innovation nowadays is essential to society’s development and economy. We concluded that Brazil presents advances in this sector and most of the public policies managed to have efficacy for entrepreneurs, but institutional changes in the process of receiving these incentives and in its supervision are also necessary, such as a better articulation and coordination between entities responsible for its implementation and a better evaluation of public policies, improving them, so that companies may have the same competitivity of foreign companies. Although Brazil’s innovation rates are declining, the use of instruments of state support for innovation is being increasingly adopted, showing that even in adverse situations, they can be seen as advances.

THE METHODS OF A CHOICE OF STATE SUPPORT TOOLS FOR PROJECTS INVOLVING SMALL OIL BUSINESS

In the article the methodical approach to the choice of oil projects aimed to development of elds with low protability, which may get government support. The study notes that, as a rule, such projects are appropriate to implement forces of small oil business. The study presents the implementation algorithm of projects of low-margin eld’s development with the use of instruments of state support. A projects typology of low margin eld’s development is worked out. The matrix of applicability of state support depending on the classication tag of the project of low-margin eld’s development is created. Criteria of attractiveness of the oil eld’s development are dened.

Інструменти державної підтримки експортного потенціалу аграрних підприємств України

Здійснено аналіз інструментів державної підтримки й регулювання, спрямованих на розвиток експортного потенціалу підприємства; виявлення найбільш ефективних із них. Установлено, що інструменти державної підтримки належать до зовнішніх факторів стимулювання розвитку експортного потенціалу аграрного сектору.

State support to medication therapy for children in Latvia

On global and European scale, maternal and child's health is proposed as one of the top-priority indicator of public health and welfare. In general, national welfare, social development and health are characterised by the birth and infant mortality rates. Having evaluated these indicators, it may be concluded that in Latvia since 2012 the birth rate is increasing from year to year, whereas the infant mortality rate is gradually decreasing verging on the average rate of the European Union member states in 2014. The birth rate depends very heavily on the country's economic situation within a specific period of time and the parents' readiness to undertake child rearing, whereas the infant mortality rate is more connected with the maternal and child health condition as well as the availability of health care in the country. This Research analyses national policy instruments for the enhancement of maternal and child health in the last three years paying special attention to the state support to medication therapy for children in Latvia, taking into consideration that medicinal products constitute a significant element of health technologies. The results show possible correlation between application of state support instruments and improvement of child health indicators. The most important measures ensuring state support to medication therapy for children in Latvia are reimbursement of the purchase of medicinal products and medical devices intended for outpatient treatment, centralised purchasing of medicinal products performed by the National Health Service and medicinal establishments as well as a specific budget sub-programme designed for the treatment of children with rare diseases.

Можливості та перспективи застосування європейських практик державного управління у сфері інновацій

Стаття присвячена теоретичному аналізу можливостей застосування позитив-ного досвіду європейських практик державного управління у сфері інновацій. Про-аналізовано основні державні програми щодо стимулювання розвитку інновацій українах-членах ЄС та виділено основні управлінські підходи щодо залучення при-ватних інвестицій у науково-дослідницькі та інноваційні проекти (поширення та пе-редача новітніх технологій, залучення венчурного і початкового капіталу для про-ведення науково-дослідних та дослідно-конструкторських робіт, а також наданняподаткових пільг для інноваційної діяльності та стимулювання розвитку інноваційв європейському дослідницькому просторі). Визначено, що ключовими проблемами,пов’язаними із впровадженням інновацій, є: скорочення фінансування інноваційної,наукової та науково-технічної сфери; неефективність системи бюджетного фінансу-вання інноваційної, наукової та науково-технічної сфери; наявність законодавчихобмежень, що ускладнюють фінансування інноваційної, наукової та науково-тех-нічної сфери; відсутність економічних стимулів у суб’єктів господарської діяльностіздійснювати технологічну модернізацію шляхом запровадження нових науково-тех-нічних розробок та ін. Також проаналізовані особливості функціонування науковихпарків у країнах-членах ЄС, діяльність яких направлена на розвиток науково-техніч-ної та інноваційної діяльності у вищих навчальних закладах та наукових установахз подальшою комерціалізацією результатів наукових досліджень та їх впровадженняна вітчизняному та закордонному ринках.

THE INNOVATION POLICY OF UKRAINE: PRINCIPLES, CONDITIONS, CRITERIA

The article deals with effective state support instruments for intellectual resources development. Author evaluates the level of intellectual resources development in Ukraine and discloses the major problems arising during its application. The main concepts of the work were directed on the effective state policy recommendations, which would improve Ukrainian intellectual resources functioning.

The Key Factors, Determining the Industrial Development of Russia under the Conditions of Membership in the WTO

Abstract The modern economy is developing under the influence of a number of trends. One of the key trends is globalization. It is not only essential content. It consists in the formation of a single world economic space. Globalization also has the legal consolidation. In the framework of international organizations is the formation of a unified global institutional rules regulating economic activity. One such organization is the World Trade Organization (WTO). Russia is a member of this organization. Accession to the WTO changed the composition of the factors influencing the development of Russian industry. The article analyzes the impact of the fact of WTO membership on the industry in Russia. Consider these areas influence the WTO industrial production, as a change in the competitive situation in the market, restrictions in the use of previously used instruments of state support of the industry, the liberalization of cross-border movement of financial resources, the availability of credit for industry and others. It is concluded that the need to adjust strategies for the development of industrial enterprises and state industrial policy in Russia. In the new environment industry in Russia on world markets should move from competition through lower prices to compete by introducing new technologies and improving product quality.

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNIZATION AS A PRIORITY REGARDING RURAL LIFE STANDARD IMPROVEMENT

At the present stage of socio-economic changes rural area economic activity conditions have changed in Russia, which has significantly worsened social facilities and engineering infrastructure eff ective functioning problem. The rural social infrastructure status has been deteriorating recently due to the lack of eff ective State support instruments and investments. In the paper, Russian rural social sphere development trends are considered, guidelines referred to the government control of rural area social sphere development are analyzed, methodology related to social facilities and engineering infrastructure efficient functioning is suggested as a determining factor for the agriculture labor market efficient development. A conceptual model of rural area social infrastructure strategic development and a mechanism of management control organization and rural area social infrastructure development based on a comprehensive analysis has been suggested.