Evaluation Instrument Research Articles

Instrument for Assessing Physical Literacy Skills Competence in Primary School Tasikmalaya, Indonesia

This study aimed to design, develop, and assess the validity of a Physical Literacy (PL) instrument designed for primary school students in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Children aged 8 and 12 were the sample for this development research design. The instrument's validity was evaluated using alpha coefficient analysis, and the results were quite good. All items had alpha coefficients close to or equal to 1.00, indicating the proposed evaluation instrument has good validity. As it allows them to classify students according to their ability levels and conduct more effective physical education evaluations, physical education teachers and classroom teachers require PL assessment. Physical education curriculum planning concentrates more on Physical Literacy; each student needs to be improved to be more straightforward with this tool. Therefore, this evaluation tool is beneficial for teachers in obtaining a track record of individual and collective student progress in Physical Education learning. The results from this study show that the instrument created is reliable and successfully collected PL data in Tasikmalaya City, located in Indonesia. Since we can ensure that coaching efforts can concentrate on the specific needs of each student by using the PL assessment instrument, we will achieve more significant results in primary school students' PL. Keywords: Physical Literacy, Assessment, Primary school, Skill competence

The development of a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (CARD-SARC) to assess the impact of cardiac sarcoidosis on health-related quality of life

Abstract Introduction Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory condition caused by the formation of lumps (granulomas) of abnormal tissue in any organ, and can affect physical, functional, mental, social and economic aspects of life. People living with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are likely to have worse clinical outcomes and greater impairment on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than other sarcoidosis manifestations. HRQoL is the main concern for people living with sarcoidosis. However, measuring HRQoL in people with CS is difficult as existing tools focus on other forms of sarcoidosis (for example, lung, eye or skin involvement) or for specific cardiac symptoms (for example, atrial fibrillation, angina or heart failure), but not specifically for CS. Purpose To develop a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (CARD-SARC) to assess the impact of CS on HRQoL. Methods A sequential exploratory mixed-method, multicentre observational cohort study using a clinimetric approach was conducted. The McMaster Framework for evaluative instruments was combined with the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) recommendations, involving three steps: item selection, item scaling and item reduction. The item-generation process used simultaneous triangulation (QUAN+qual) method, connecting quantitative data (theory, research findings and systematic review) with complementary qualitative components (interviews, clinical observations and experts’ opinion). The formatting of items was guided by patient and public involvement (PPI). The item reduction strategy was led by PPI and an international multidisciplinary clinical CS-experts. Results 740 potential items were generated by converging all the different sources and techniques. After removal of duplicates and simultaneous triangulation, a preliminary list with 111 items was reviewed by the CS-expert panel (including 11 pulmonologists, 7 cardiologists, 5 CS-patients and 3 specialist-nurses). After a consensus meeting, the CARD-SARC included 61 relevant items in six sections for pilot-testing: "functioning", "social, leisure and occupation", "emotional", psychological", "physical" and "healthcare/self-care". Conclusions This study used a robust methodology and active PPI involvement to develop the first disease-specific HRQoL tool for CS. The engagement and contributions of the PPI group in each step of the framework enhanced the content validity of the CARD-SARC. The CARD-SARC has the potential to influence clinical management and treatment options, future research and health-economic stakeholders’ decisions for CS.

Workshop Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Interaktif dengan Liveworksheets untuk Guru Sekolah Dasar di Gugus 13 Kota Palangka Raya

The challenge elementary school teachers face in the digital era is that using platform facilities to support learning is not optimal. This workshop aims to provide (1) training in using Liveworksheets and (2) evaluating elementary school teachers' interest in developing worksheets with the Liveworksheets application. This community service activity is carried out in the planning, implementation, and reflection stages. Participants were 14 elementary school teachers in Cluster 13 Palangka Raya. The interest evaluation instrument uses the Liveworksheet Platform and questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this workshop completing the workshop for making worksheets using Liveworksheet: (1) elementary school teachers' interest in Liveworksheets is in the high and very high range; (2) Liveworksheets are attractive because of the appearance they create in the application; (3) it is felt that the existence of the Liveworksheet has increased teachers' interest in making their worksheets; (4) teachers are interested in trying to make worksheets themselves with Liveworksheet; (5) teachers need Liveworksheets as a facility for creating worksheets. Based on the analysis of teachers' interest in using Liveworksheets, it can be concluded that providing technical guidance to make worksheets with Liveworksheets is interesting, needed, and motivates teachers to make worksheets for their learning.

Strengthening Literacy and Numeracy Competencies Based on Local Wisdom for Teachers to Design Contextual Learning

Barito Kuala Regency, especially Jejangkit District, lags behind other regions in South Kalimantan regarding human resources. According to the BPS of South Kalimantan Province, the Human Development Index for Barito Kuala Regency is in 13th position out of 14 districts from 2020 to 2022. Education is a strategic aspect of overcoming this problem. Teachers need to receive training on literacy and numeracy learning strategies to improve the quality of human resources, especially students in the younger generation. This community service activity aims to strengthen the literacy and numeracy competencies of elementary school teachers who are members of the Jejangkit District KKG by integrating learning with local wisdom. Local wisdom is contextual so students can more easily understand learning that is close to everyday life. This service activity uses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, which consists of five stages, namely to know, to understand, to plan, and to act in the form of On Service Training and On Job Training, as well as to change in the form of In-Service Training activities. This activity involved one trainer and 15 teachers representing 12 elementary schools in the Jejangkit District KKG. A total of 3 teachers from 3 schools also received intensive assistance in practising the material as examples for other participants. The evaluation instrument for this service program uses a questionnaire. Based on the data collected, this activity was successful in providing improvements in literacy and numeracy learning. The average post-test score (81.71) was higher than the pre-test (69.73). The teachers succeeded in designing learning that made students more focused on learning. This activity implies that teachers have succeeded in improving the competence and quality of learning in the classroom, especially literacy and numeracy for their students.

Formative peer evaluation instrument for a team-based learning course: Content and construct validity

Purpose Team-based learning (TBL) is an evidence-based approach to promote teamwork. Peer evaluation (PE) is an essential component to shape future team engagement and promote reflection. As PEs vary in use, implementation, and assessment, this study establishes the content and construct validity of a formative PE tool for a TBL course. Methods A ten-item instrument was developed based on a comprehensive review of PE literature and was critically edited by a team of experienced educators. Each student in a graduate histology course rated peers at two timepoints on a scale from Never to Always (0–3). The instrument’s factor structure was analyzed by dividing the response set (D1 and D2); with D1 utilized for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and D2 for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach’s alpha assessed internal consistency. Results Data from 158 students across four cohorts were included in the analyses (D1, D2 = 972). A three-factor solution had good overall internal consistency (alpha = 0.82), and within the subscales ranged from 0.67 to 0.81. The factor structures were resonant with existing literature on (1) preparation, (2) providing feedback, and (3) feedback receptivity and attitude. Conclusion This study establishes evidence of content and construct validity of a formative PE instrument for a TBL course.

Development Of A Suite Of Attitudinal, Behavioral, And Contextual Measures To Assess Child Sexual Exploitation

The lack of child sexual exploitation (CSE) measures for high school youth hinders research to inform the development and evaluation of CSE prevention and response efforts. The purpose of the current study was to describe the development (via community-based participatory processes), descriptive statistics, and psychometric properties of a suite of instruments to assess CSE attitudes and behaviors for high school personnel and youth. Study results provide initial evidence of validity (i.e. face validity, internal consistency, factor structure) for the suite of measures. Implications for measurement refinement and use of instruments for program development and evaluation are discussed.

Comparison of keratometry and total corneal power, as measured by an SS-OCT-based optical biometer, for intraocular lens power calculation in Asian eyes.

To investigate whether standard keratometry (K) or total corneal power (TCP) leads to more accurate refractive outcomes for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. Public hospital. Retrospective evaluation of a diagnostic test instrument. Preoperatively, all patients underwent optical biometry with Anterion, a swept-source optical coherence tomography device providing both K and TCP. The same IOL model was implanted in all cases. The whole sample was divided into a training dataset, used to optimize the formula constants, and a testing dataset, used to investigate the spherical equivalent prediction error (SEQ-PE) of 8 IOL power formulas. Trueness, precision, and accuracy were evaluated by means of the robust 2-sample t test. Cochran Q test was performed to assess whether the percentage of eyes with an SEQ-PE within each threshold was significantly different; in such an event, the McNemar test was then applied. Both the training and testing datasets included 317 eyes. No significant differences were detected for trueness because of constant optimization. Precision and accuracy were better when K was entered, although a statistically significant difference was observed only with the EVO (precision: P = .02 and accuracy: P = .03) and Haigis ( P < .01 for both precision and accuracy) formulas. No significant differences were observed for the percentage of eyes with an absolute SEQ-PE within any threshold. With most formulas, IOL power calculation is not more accurate when TCP is used instead of K.

Improving technical efficiency in data envelopment analysis for efficient firms: A case on Chinese banks

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a data-oriented benchmarking tool is considered a powerful and promising instrument for performance evaluation in various application areas. In DEA, the set of all decision-making units (DMUs) is divided into efficient and inefficient subsets. Inefficient DMUs are improved by reducing the input and/or increasing the output, and as far as we know, efficient DMUs are abandoned with the conclusion that they are all technically and relatively efficient, and no further analysis has been suggested in the literature. In this article, we first show that there is a gap between the actual efficiency and the efficiency estimated using benchmarking tools such as DEA. This means that there is no guarantee that the efficient DMUs characterized by DEA are really efficient. Thus, there is a gap in improving the technical efficiency of efficient DMUs. In this paper, we attempt to close this gap by introducing a method to improve efficient DMUs. First, we introduce a random variable as a corrector of efficiency evaluation, and then an inverse DEA model (IDEA) is proposed to improve efficient DMUs. To demonstrate the actual applicability of the proposed approach, we present an illustrative empirical application using 106 Chinese bank data from 2021.

Instrumental and Visual Evaluation of the Chameleon Effect of Single-shaded Composite Resins.

To evaluate the shade-matching ability of single-shade resin-based composite restorations in different thicknesses using both instrumental and visual techniques. Cavities with 4 mm diameter and 2 mm (n=96) or 3 mm (n=96) depth were prepared in acrylic incisor teeth of shades A2, A3, B3, and C2 and restored with three single-shade resin composites, Omnichroma (Tokuyama Dental America, Encinitas, CA, USA [OM]), Vittra APS Unique (FGM Dental Group, Joinville, SC, Brazil [VU]), Zenchroma (President Dental, Allershausen, Germany [ZC]), and a microhybrid resin composite (Filtek 3M Z250 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA [FZ]) of A2, A3, B3, and C2 shades. Readings were obtained using VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer for the teeth and restorations. The CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) color difference formula was used, and the values were assessed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Forty-eight evaluators graded the shade match of 32 different specimens visually as (A) best shade match, (B) intermediate shade match, and (C) poor shade match. FZ material achieved satisfactory matches for both thicknesses, across all shades, and OM material demonstrated statistically significant lower shade matches than the ZC and the FZ materials (p<0.05). VU exhibited poor shade match with the highest ΔE00 value on C2 shade. According to the visual examination, the best shade matches were observed for FZ on A3-shade and ZC on C2-shade teeth. Shade matching for 2 mm and 3 mm-thick composite resin restorations is material- and tooth-shade dependent.

Engaging students through activity-based bingo games in immunology course: Determining students' perception and measuring its influence on academic performance.

This study aims to evaluate how well bingo game-based activities serve as instructional tools to enhance student learning. This prospective cross-sectional study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study sample size was 145 MD3 year college of medicine students for the academic year 2023-2024. The evaluation instruments included the participants' exam grades, pre-test scores, post-test scores, and feedback. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate how students perceived and interacted with the bingo game-based activity. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The association between exam and post-test scores was examined using the correlation coefficient and a straightforward regression analysis. The P value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant. The study comprised 145 students in total who completed all the tasks. The post-test scores (10.62 ± 1.73) showed a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.01) over the pre-test scores (6.3 ± 1.99). Most students (85-90%) thought that activities centered around bingo games were great tools for learning. Nine out of ten students said the game-based activity was engaging and enjoyable, that it inspired them to engage in group discussions, that it assisted them in identifying and concentrating on important topics, and that it improved their knowledge and helped them get ready for the final exam. Almost all the participants (>90%) suggested adding this exercise to the list of future topics. Overall, exam scores achieved by students for topics covered in the bingo-based activity (92.7 ± 4.96) were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than exam scores for topics not covered in the activity (83.75 ± 7.74). Bingo game is an effective learning strategy to promote students' learning in the immunology course. Furthermore, utilizing bingo games as a formative assessment technique can significantly improve students' learning and help them achieve higher scores on summative assessments.

Using hands-on learning video assignments in online and in-person contexts: A longitudinal study

This study investigated the use of hands-on learning video assignments (HLVAs) among middle school students in China during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results of HLVAs approach with seventh grade students at Jiefang Road School during the online learning phase, one class was selected to participate in an offline empirical, longitudinal study to further explore the impact of HLVAs approach on students’ biology learning. Two data collection instruments were used: hands-on learning students’ work evaluation instrument and model competence development instrument to detect changes in students’ modeling development. Questionnaire responses from the students in the experimental class two years later, when they were in high school, offer additional perspectives on this approach. Findings indicated that HLVAs approach improves students’ work quality, modeling skills, and biology learning outcomes. This study describes hands-on learning strategy based on embodied cognition theoretical perspectives, with implications for curriculum, instruction, and learning.

Provision and evaluation of explanations within an automated planning-based approach to solving the multimorbidity problem

The multimorbidity problem involves the identification and mitigation of adverse interactions that occur when multiple computer interpretable guidelines are applied concurrently to develop a treatment plan for a patient diagnosed with multiple diseases. Solving this problem requires decision support approaches which are difficult to comprehend for physicians. As such, the rationale for treatment plans generated by these approaches needs to be provided. Objective:To develop an explainability component for an automated planning-based approach to the multimorbidity problem, and to assess the fidelity and interpretability of generated explanations using a clinical case study. Methods:The explainability component leverages the task-network model for representing computer interpretable guidelines. It generates post-hoc explanations composed of three aspects that answer why specific clinical actions are in a treatment plan, why specific revisions were applied, and how factors like medication cost, patient’s adherence, etc. influence the selection of specific actions. The explainability component is implemented as part of MitPlan, where we revised our planning-based approach to support explainability. We developed an evaluation instrument based on the system causability scale and other vetted surveys to evaluate the fidelity and interpretability of its explanations using a two dimensional comparison study design. Results:The explainability component was implemented for MitPlan and tested in the context of a clinical case study. The fidelity and interpretability of the generated explanations were assessed using a physician-focused evaluation study involving 21 participants from two different specialties and two levels of experience. Results show that explanations provided by the explainability component in MitPlan are of acceptable fidelity and interpretability, and that the clinical justification of the actions in a treatment plan is important to physicians. Conclusion:We created an explainability component that enriches an automated planning-based approach to solving the multimorbidity problem with meaningful explanations for actions in a treatment plan. This component relies on the task-network model to represent computer interpretable guidelines and as such can be ported to other approaches that also use the task-network model representation. Our evaluation study demonstrated that explanations that support a physician’s understanding of the clinical reasons for the actions in a treatment plan are useful and important.

Effect of Height and Weight on Heel Fat Pad Movements Between Microchamber and Macrochamber Layers in Loading and Unloading

Background: The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the movement of the superficial microchambers and deep macrochambers of the heel fat pad during loading and unloading movements, and to clarify the influence of height and weight on this movement. Methods: The subjects were 21 healthy adults. The right foot was placed on an evaluation instrument stand made of polymethylpentene (PMP) resin plate, and the left foot was placed on a scale stand used to adjust the amount of load. When measuring, the heel fat pad is divided into the superficial microchamber layer and the deep macrochamber layer, and the thickness due to loading from 0% to 100% of the body weight and unloading from 100% to 0% is measured. Measurement was performed every 20% using an ultrasound imaging device. We also examined the rate of change in the thickness of the superficial and deep layers of the heel fat pad when applying 100% load (end load) from 0% load (unload). Results: No changes were observed in the superficial layer of the heel fat pad during unloading, but significant changes were observed in the deeper layers. Additionally, the thickness of the microchamber and macrochamber layers tended to increase under each loading condition as the height and weight increased. On the other hand, the rate of change in the thickness of the macrochamber layer tended to decrease. Conclusion: The microchamber layer and the macrochamber layer of the heel fat pad may have different functions. As height and weight increase, the thickness of the microchamber and macrochamber layers may increase, and the rate of change in the thickness of the macrochamber layer appears to decrease. Although the thickness increases as the load increases, we found that the related elasticity decreases. Level of Evidence: Level Ⅳ, cross-sectional survey study.

Investigating the impact of oral probiotic supplementation for acne management: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common skin disorder that affects up 10% of the worldwide population. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of factors, leading to the development of cutaneous lesions (papules, pustules, and comedones). This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a specific probiotic formulation composed by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PBS067, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRH020, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri PBS072 in improving AV symptoms in adult subject from the APAC region. Materials and methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical study was carried out on 64 women supplemented for 56 days plus a follow-up period. Instrumental evaluations of different skin parameters and clinical assessments of lesions were performed at 28 and 56 days after supplementation (T28 and T56, respectively) and during follow-up (T70). Results: A significant increase in skin hydration was achieved by probiotic group compared to the placebo (p &lt; 0.05). An improved trend in sebum content and pH resulted in a statistically significant difference with respect to placebo (p &lt; 0.05 for the former parameter at T28 and T70; p &lt; 0.05 for the latter at T70). A progressive decrement of lesions was demonstrated at each endpoint considered by probiotic supplementation, reaching significant values for non-inflammatory ones at T56 and T70 (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; s0.01, respectively). Conclusions: This specific probiotic formulation may help improving acne symptoms, offering a possible adjuvant therapy to the conventional one and thus overall ameliorating the patient’s quality of life. Key words: Acne vulgaris, Food supplements, Skin disease, Dermatology, Probiotics, Clinical trial

Construction of an instrument for evaluating the teaching process in higher education: Content and construct validity

This study aims to reveal the content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the instrument for evaluating the teaching process in higher education. This research is development research applying the ADDIE model from Molenda. The indicators evaluated consist of context, inputs, processes, and products. The sample consisted of 1200 students from eight faculties, each represented by three study programs. Data analysis uses three stages: content validity test analysis using the V-Aiken method involving six panellists or experts; construct validity test using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Quantitative descriptive analysis and interpretive qualitative analysis used the Miles and Huberman method. The results showed that the developed evaluation instrument had good proof of the validity of the content, with an average V-Aiken score of 0.752, which was in the high category. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta's evaluation instrument, which was developed through the instrument, already meets the validity of an exemplary construct of a good loading factor value ( 0.3). It has a composite reliability score above 0.7 and Cronbach's alpha above 0.6. The analysis results show that all empirical test criteria indicate the data is fit against the developed model.

Optimization Of The Development Of Social Emotional Learning (SEL) Tools In Supporting Independent Learning For Teachers Of Central Java MGMP Economics

Implementing an independent curriculum will be able to realize the rights and abilities of participants to determine their learning process through setting learning goals, reflecting on abilities, and taking steps proactively and responsibly for their own success. The problems in the free learning curriculum are teachers who use learning techniques that are not appropriate to the conditions or circumstances, lack of use of learning media, and monotonous teaching. The reality in the Economic MGMP of Central Java Province is that the development of social emotional learning (SEL) learning tools based on the independent learning curriculum and its development is still very diverse regarding tools that have not been developed based on the independent learning curriculum. The aim of this service is to increase teachers' understanding and skills in designing learning tools in the form of lesson plans, materials and evaluation instruments. The methods used in service include outreach activities, training, mentoring and evaluation of service programs. The results of the service are a) increasing understanding of the concept of social emotional learning for Central Java Economics MGMP teachers; b) able to implement social emotional learning in learning tools to support the independent learning curriculum.

Comparative analysis of two different physiotherapy intervention programs in individuals experiencing chronic lower back pain

Background and objectives. Physiotherapy programs in individuals experiencing chronic lower back pain (CLBP) aim to improve function, disabilities from worsening. As per clinical practice guidelines, many methods are applied, such as the McKenzie method, therapeutic exercises, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), traction, thermotherapy etc. The effectiveness of these methods is supported by a wide range of evidence and studies, making them some of the most diverse and well-established approaches. These physiotherapeutic treatments are combined every day. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide a comparative investigation on two different physiotherapy programs containing a combination of these treatment modalities in individuals with CLBP. Materials and methods. This research involved 60 patients who were separated into two groups. Group I received the McKenzie treatment method, passive modalities, lumbar traction, and a walking program. Group II received therapeutic exercises, passive modalities, lumbar traction, and a walking program. Both groups underwent treatment for six weeks. Subjects were tested using research instruments at the beginning, at the end of three weeks, and at the end of six weeks of treatment. The evaluation instruments used were the visual analog scale, Finger-to-Floor test, the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results. Pain intensity, functional disability, lumbar flexibility, and self-confidence showed greater improvement after six weeks of treatment in both programs (p &lt;0.0001), without any significant statistical difference among the groups (p &gt;0.05). Conclusions. The data obtained from both groups support the effectiveness of both treatment programs and suggest that they can be considered as options for viable programs treatment for patients with CLBP.

Implementasi Evaluasi Pembelajaran Go Buya di MIS Istiqomah Perbatasan Entikong Kalimantan Barat

Cultural literacy plays a crucial role in education, not only as an effort to protect and promote local and national cultural heritage, but also as a way to shape the identity of the Indonesian nation in society. This aims to ensure that love and preservation of cultural riches is maintained. MIS Istiqomah Entikong is located on the border between Indonesia and Malaysia. The aim of implementing the Go Buya Learning evaluation for students is to improve the quality of learning and develop insight into cultural literacy, and to see the implementation of Go Buya learning through learning media using educational and interactive games in accordance with student development whose results can be measured well. The strategy used in this research service activity is the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. The steps taken in this service activity are (1) conducting interviews with teachers and students at MIS Istiqomah Entikong regarding Go Buya Learning (2) Preparing materials and evaluation instruments in Go Buya learning (3) Making evaluation instruments for Go Buya learning and ( 4) Implementation of assistance for activities carried out from the observation stage, implementation process and overall evaluation of Go Buya learning.

Development of an integrated and differentiated tahfidz teaching module to improve Quran memorization for students at MI Plus Al-Fatimah Sukorejo Bojonegoro

Teaching modules are independent curriculum frameworks that replace traditional lesson plans. The independent curriculum teaching module, which serves as a replacement for the RPP, has a diverse format that encompasses learning material/content, teaching methods, interpretation, and evaluation techniques. These modules are designed systematically and engagingly to meet the desired success indicators. The primary goal of developing teaching modules is to provide teachers with instructional tools that can guide them effectively in the teaching process. Teachers are given the autonomy to choose or modify the provided modules by the government to better match their students' characteristics or to create their own modules tailored to their students' needs. The developed teaching modules include integrated modules for tahfidz subjects at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Plus Al-Fatimah, differentiated modules for tahfidz subjects at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, guidelines for developing tahfidz teaching modules, instruments for developing these modules, and evaluation tools for assessing the module development process. This research and development (R&amp;D) approach aims to create integrated and differentiated tahfidz teaching modules specifically for MI Plus Al-Fatimah. These modules cover the tahfidz teaching program, implementation guides, and evaluation instruments to assess the program's success. The development process involves the principal to ensure that students can achieve the target of memorizing four juz within six years at the madrasah ibtidaiyah level. The development stages include determining learning strategies and media, producing the modules, and creating assessment tools. This phased approach ensures that the integrated and differentiated tahfidz teaching modules are effective and meet the educational goals of the institution.

Performance metrics of item developers for the assessment of learning outcomes

The evaluation of learning results is a strategy that generates inputs for curricular feedback and continuous improvement of the academic management of vocational training programs. On the one hand, it contributes to determining the level of achievement of the graduation profile that students reach according to the progress of the study plan and, on the other, it allows identifying the level of performance of the teachers who participate during the design and application processes of the evaluation instruments. This article shows the application of three performance indicators: efficiency, quality and estimation, to identify the potential of teachers according to the role they must assume in an evaluation process. The study was carried out based on the learning results evaluation methodology developed by the Technical University of Cotopaxi in which 224 teachers participated, of which 143 met acceptable parameters of efficiency, quality and estimation, allowing 67 to be categorized as developers. of items, 56 as technical reviewers and 20 as technical heads