Instituto Nacional De Meteorologia Research Articles

Entalpia como índice de conforto térmico na produção de frango de corte

ABSTRACT Enthalpy is currently suggested as a suitable index for assessing the internal environment of poultry production, primarily dependents on air temperature and relative air humidity. This study aimed to analyze enthalpy in bird production in Londrina, located in the northern region of Paraná, Brazil, and to model the comfort enthalpy required for enhanced production efficiency. Data from 1961 to 2021 from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil, were utilized to compare the thermal comfort conditions and critical limits set for the birds. The meteorological data from this period were scrutinized to understand their variations and interrelationship through a descriptive study and correlation analysis of different parameters. The research findings, based on the enthalpy indices derive historical averages, suggest that heating is crucial for birds during the first and second weeks of housing, during the winter, given the location’s low temperatures. For birds housed during the third to sixth weeks of age, the enthalpy indices indicated the necessity of cooling systems.

REPORT OF HUMAN FASCIOLIASIS UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN BRAZIL

Introduction: Human fascioliasis is a plant-borne and water-borne infection caused by the trematodes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. It is one of the main neglected tropical diseases, and infections in humans occur via the ingestion of contaminated water and food. This study reviews all the recorded cases of human fascioliasis in Brazil under different climatic conditions in the national territory. Methodology:A survey of human fascioliasis cases in Brazil was carried out using the Google Scholar, Lilacs and PubMed databases. The climatic variables such as temperature, precipitation, moisture and altitude were obtained from the database of the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Results: Between the years 1958 and 2022, sixty-six cases of human fascioliasis were recorded in places with temperature levels between 22 °C to 33 °C, humidity 78% to 86%, precipitation 90 mm to 167 mm, and at an altitude of 16 to 935 meters above sea level. Conclusion: The parasite’s ability to adapt to different climatic conditions is observed in Brazil and the number of cases of human fascioliasis in the national territory may be higher due to underreporting related to the difficulty in diagnosing the infection.

Comparison of Models for Wind Speed Prediction Through Neural Networks in Lençóis, Bahia

This study aims to compare forecasting models using artificial intelligence to conclude which is the best one for the forecasting wind speed for 1 hour in Lençóis, BA, using a data source from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Furthermore, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed using TensorFlow and Keras libraries, it was compared with other forecasting models, which showed to be the most efficient among the options for this purpose. Moreover, the principal metric used to evaluate this study was Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the auxiliary ones were Mean Squared Error (MSE) and R². The RNA obtained the following values for each metric: 0.421 for MAE, 0.389 for MSE, and 0.523 for the R² metric.

Comparative Between Neural Networks Generate Predictions for Global Solar Radiation and Air Temperature

Technology is becoming an increasingly important and indispensable tool in human life, making it necessary to develop various forms of renewable energies. However, over time it became necessary to improve this technology that becomes more advanced and efficient. The purpose of the research is to compare the results of three distinct AI algorithms, forecasting in two hours, using the database available by the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). The results indicate that the K-Nearest Neighbors Regression network proved to be more effective for estimating Global Solar Radiation (W/m²) and Multi-LayerPerceptron for forecasting Air Temperature (ºC).

Comparative Between Neural and Networks Generate Predictions for Global Solar Radiation and Air Temperature

Technology is becoming an increasingly important and indispensable tool in human life, making it necessary to develop various forms of renewable energies. However, over time it became necessary to improve this technology that becomes more advanced and efficient. The purpose of the research is to compare the results of three distinct AI algorithms, forecasting in two hours, using the database available by the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). The results indicate that the K-Nearest Neighbors Regression network proved to be more effective for estimating Global Solar Radiation (W/m²) and Multi-LayerPerceptron for forecasting Air Temperature (ºC).

AGROCLIMATIC APTITUDE FOR MAIZE CROP IN REGIONS OF MATO GROSSO STATE, BRAZIL

<p><strong>Background.</strong> The maize crop is strongly influenced by climatic variables such as precipitation and air temperature, directly influencing its adaptation to a specific location and climate. <strong>Objective.</strong> To determine the agroclimatic adaptability of the maize crop for different agricultural regions of the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. <strong>Methodology.</strong> This work was developed at the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), on the dependences of the Centro Tecnológico de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto (CETEGEO-SR). A study was carried out on the adaptability of maize in the municipalities of Rondonópolis, Cuiabá, Tangará da Serra, Campo Novo do Parecis, Sorriso, and Sinop, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The climatic variables of precipitation and air temperature, calculated on ten-day periods, were used for each municipality as provided by the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Based on the climatic requirements of the crop, the adaptability of maize during the year was classified. <strong>Results.</strong> The recommended sowing of the season maize in the municipalities is between the 30<sup>th</sup> and 33<sup>rd</sup> ten-day periods and for off-season maize it is between the 1<sup>st</sup> to 5<sup>th</sup> ten-day periods, without damage to the development, productivity, and crop harvest. All municipalities are considered suitable for growing maize with the average air temperature. Regarding precipitation, maize is classified as moderated by excess water for cultivation in the spring and summer periods. <strong>Implications.</strong> This study provides knowledge and technical recommendations on the use of water in the maize crop, as well as the correct sowing date and cultivation of this crop for the study region. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> The maize crop is suitable for cultivation in the municipalities studied, with recommended sowing between October to February.</p>

Suitable weather condition frequency for fungicide soybean application in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil

The aim of this study was to model the decendial and hourly variability of meteorological variables, namely air temperature, relative air humidity and wind speed, in the Tangará da Serra region, Mato Grosso, Brazil, to determine the best schedules for fungicide applications to soybean crops. Hourly weather data between 2004 and 2017 from the Tangará da Serra municipality’s automatic station were made available by Brazil’s National Meterological Institute (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, INMET). Decendial variability (ten days 01 to 36) and hourly variability were analyzed for ten days that concentrated fungicide soybean crop applications, namely ten days 34, 35, 36 and 01. The following parameters were adopted as suitable fungicide application climate: wind speed ≥ 0.83 ≤ 2.77 m s-1, relative air humidity ≥ 50% and air temperature ≤ 30 °C. Relative humidity was not a limiting factor for application on ten days 34, 35, 36 and 01. Due to hourly maximum temperatures, suitable application conditions are less than 10% at 1:00 PM. The most frequent suitable weather conditions schedules are concentrated between 5:00 AM and 7:00 AM, and at night, from 7:00 PM.

Impact of El Niño on the dynamics of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a municipality in the western Amazon

Vector-borne diseases are some of the leading public health problems in the tropics, and their association with climatic anomalies is well known. The current study aimed to evaluate the trend of American cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the municipality of Manaus, Amazonas-Brazil, and its relationship with climatic extremes (ENSO). The study was carried out using a series of secondary data from notifications on the occurrence of several American cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the municipality of Manaus between 1990 and 2017 obtained through the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Data regarding temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation for this municipality were derived from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) websites. Coherence and wavelet phase analysis was conducted to measure the degree of relationship of the occurrence of the cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The results show that during La Niña events, an increase in American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases is anticipated after the increase in rainfall from November, resulting in a more significant number of cases in January, February, and March. It was observed that in the municipality of Manaus, the dynamics of ACL cases are directly influenced by ENSO events that affect environmental variables such as precipitation, temperature, and humidity. Therefore, climatic variations consequently change the ACL incidence dynamics, leading to subsequent increases or decreases in the incidence of ACL cases in the area.

Uso de metodologias de preenchimento de falhas para estimativas de dados de precipitação

No presente trabalho, as metodologias para preenchimento de falhas em séries temporais de precipitação foram utilizadas, não como ferramenta auxiliar no preenchimento de lacunas provocadas por erros, mas sim como um meio de prever integralmente os dados de pluviometria para o município de Catanduva, baseando-se em dados dos municípios de São Carlos (SC), Franca (FR) e Votuporanga (VT), localizados no estado de São Paulo. Objetivando assim, analisar e avaliar a viabilidade do uso dos métodos da ponderação regional, da regressão linear simples e da regressão linear múltipla, verificando o desempenho e a correlação entre os dados estimados e os dados reais (registrados pelo posto pluviométrico de Catanduva). Foram utilizadas informações de séries históricas com 30 anos de observações mensais fornecidas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) para a aplicação dos métodos citados. Comparando os dados estimados aos dados medidos pode-se afirmar que o método da regressão linear múltipla foi o que melhor simulou a realidade dos eventos observados e que as estimativas têm melhor desempenho para os meses menos chuvosos e quando são utilizados dados pluviométricos de regiões próximas.

Comparisons between ethnooceanographic predictions by fishermen and official weather forecast in Brazil

The ethnooceanographic knowledge can be understood as a body of information artisanal fishermen have acquired and developed from empiricism for perceiving and predicting conditions at the sea, which guarantee their safety. In this sense, the aim of the present study is to compare ethnooceanographic predictions from artisanal fishermen from the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, with the official meteorological forecast from Brazilian institutes, identifying which one is more used by fishermen for their safety on board. From June to August 2018, we conducted 80 ethnographic interviews and compared their informations with predictions of the following institutes: National Institute of Meteorology (NIMET – Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia), the Weather Forecast and Climate Studies Center/National Institute for Space Research (WFCSC/NISR - Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos/Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) and the Hydrography and Navigation Board (HNB – Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegação). Official ethnooceanographic predictions related to ‘waves height’ were concordant in 42.5% (n = 34) and discordant in 57.5% (n = 46) to interviews. Predictions related to the ‘wind speed’ were concordant in 58.7% (n = 47) and discordant in 41.3% (n = 33) to the interviews. Regarding tides height, most fishermen (82.5%; n = 66) consider 1.2 m or more as ‘favorable to the fishery’, and lower than 1.0 m as ‘unfavourable to fishery’. In Brazil, ethnooceanographic predictions are more used by fishermen to assure their safety on board and the success for their fishery.

Occurrence of heat waves and the prediction of feed intake of sows raised in a tropical environment

The objective with this study was to estimate the voluntary feed intake (VFI) of sows during the occurrence of heat waves in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba mesoregion, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) database was used to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI) from 2008 to 2017 for Araxá, Frutal, Ituiutaba, Patos de Minas, Patrocínio, Uberaba, and Uberlândia, and the estimated VFI with and without effective occurrence of heat waves (EOH). An economic estimation of [...]

Transparência da informação pública no Brasil: uma análise da acessibilidade de Big Data para o estudo das interfaces entre mudanças climáticas, mudanças produtivas e saúde

A informação pública, garantida por lei no Brasil, é base para a geração de conhecimento adaptativo em situações adversas, como a extrema vulnerabilidade socioambiental e seus impactos na saúde humana. O presente artigo avalia a transparência da informação pública nas áreas de saúde humana (com foco no Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS), mudanças produtivas (uso do solo) e mudanças climáticas (chuva e temperatura), utilizando dados de 5.570 municípios brasileiros, ao longo dos últimos 20 anos. A experiência da construção de uma base nacional de dados (Data Lake) a partir de informações disponibilizadas em bases públicas (ou público-privadas) – DATASUS, MapBiomas, Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet) e Hidroweb da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) – confimou que, na prática, a acessibilidade da informação pública no Brasil apresenta entraves importantes. Incluímos recomendações sobre como ela pode ser aprimorada para tornar os direitos de acesso à informação uma realidade mais concreta para o cidadão brasileiro.

Condições e tipos de céu para simulações de iluminação natural com céu estático

As normas brasileiras recomendam que o céu em simulações de iluminação natural seja o mais representativo do local nos solstícios de verão e inverno, mas não fornecem informações suficientes para defini-lo. Entretanto, os dados mais importantes para a definição do céu são os obtidos por equipamentos que medem radiação solar global e difusa – existente em poucas cidades no Brasil. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo definir as condições de céu e os céus CIE característicos de capitais brasileiras por meio de um método aplicável à realidade do país. Inicialmente, foram selecionadas as capitais do Centro-Sul com disponibilidade de dados diários e mensais de horas de sol do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia no intervalo de vinte anos (1997-2016). O método escolhido para encontrar as condições de céu foi o simplificado de Duffie e Beckman (2013) com adaptações de Ferreira e Souza (2006). Para os tipos de céu, utilizou-se etapa complementar autoral, que dividiu o percentual de cada condição de céu obtido na etapa anterior pela quantidade de céus CIE na respectiva condição de céu. Os resultados foram ratificados pela comparação com dados de nebulosidade do mesmo ínterim. Assim, a pesquisa estabeleceu uma classificação simplificada de condições e tipos de céu CIE para simulações com céu estático em programas de iluminação natural para Cuiabá, Brasília, Belo Horizonte, Vitória, São Paulo, Curitiba, Florianópolis e Porto Alegre. Ademais, apresenta-se uma metodologia para seleção dos céus característicos, passível de ser replicada para outras cidades brasileiras.

Cost-Effective Platform for Particulate Matter Rapid Monitoring

Particles in the air with volume ≤ 2.5 μm3 have been classified as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, rapid monitoring systems are crucial to obtain information about particulate matter (PM) concentrations and make this information publicly available. Supported by WHO criteria, this text focuses on the development of a field-portable cost-effective platform for rapid monitoring, data acquisition of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and measurements of environmental variables (relative air humidity and temperature) at the micrometeorological level, in addition to providing access via the Internet of Thing (IoT). The platform was tested, as well as validating its results when compared to those made available at the National Meteorology Institute-INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia). Based on this technology, tests and measurements have been performed in the local presence of the population and vehicle traffic, in order to identify the concentrations of PM in public places. Between the results obtained, the device recorded higher temperature and low humidity, at 12 noon, and the average hourly reached 175.3 µg/m3 (PM10) and 164.2 µg/m3 (PM2.5), which means a warning sign. This computational platform would be useful for cost-effective and rapid quantification of PM density even in field and resource-poor settings.

Trends of rainfall and temperature in Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT For climate change scenarios, there is a high degree of complexity, with impacts on the future availability of water resources. In this context, studies related to changes in rainfall time series are essential in order to identify environmental vulnerability. The objective of this study was to analyze trends in the rainfall regime, number of rainy days and temperature for stations located at different continentality and altitude conditions in Northeast Brazil. Meteorological data of the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia were used, being classified according to the location in relation to the continent: coastal strip (14 stations), strip of 150-300 km up to 300 m altitude (14 stations) and above 300 m (five stations), between 400 and 600 km from the coast up to 300 m (four stations) and above 300 m (eight stations). All the 45 stations used have a historical series with a data period of more than 30 years. The trend of rainfall and rainy days was obtained through the Mann-Kendall and regression analyses, at significance levels of 0.01 and 0.05, respectively. There were trends of reduction in the number of rainy days, in the coastal strip, as well as reduction in rainfall and rainy days, both in the strip of 150-300 km from the coast and in the Sertão region, with no significant effect of continentality in the strip of 400-600 km from the coast. For temperature, except for Maceió, AL, Brazil, there is a trend of increase in near future.

Crop coefficient and water requirement of prickly pear in the Agreste region of Alagoas state, Brazil

ABSTRACT Prickly pear cultivation has played an important role in the Brazilian livestock farming, being used as forage for animals in the Northeast region, especially during the drying season, because it is an excellent source of water. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the crop coefficient and water requirement of prickly pear in the Agreste region of Alagoas state, Brazil. Prickly pear crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using five drainage lysimeters, made of polyethylene with dimensions of 0.35 x 0.40 m (side and depth). Four soil layers were separated and put into the lysimeters in the opposite sequence, in order to maintain it as close as possible to the initial soil structure. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by the Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves-Samani and FAO-Radiation methods, using climatic data from the meteorological station of the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) in the city of Arapiraca, AL, Brazil. Crop coefficient (kc) was calculated by the ratio between ETc and ETo. The average kc obtained was 0.72, 0.84 and 0.48 for the Penman-Monteith, Hargreaves-Samani and FAO-Radiation methods, respectively. Keeping the soil under field capacity during the experimental period, the total crop evapotranspiration was 637.84 mm, with daily value equal to 4.22 mm d-1.

Índices de perigo de incêndios em uma área de transição Cerrado-Amazônia

This work evaluated the performance of the seven fire risk index (Formula Monte Alegre (FMA) and Monte Alegre Modified (FMA+), Nesterov, Telitsyn, Angstrom, EVAP/P and EVAP-P) In a Cerrado-Amazonia transition area, by the Skill Score method, using data from the Gleba Celeste station of the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), and data fire foci from the Centro de Previsao do Tempo e Estudos Climaticos (CPTEC). The use of the probability histogram showed potential for the definition of fire risk classes for the Angstrom, P-EVAP and EVAP / P indices. The Angstrom index showed good performances in years with high and low number of fire foci (Skill Score of 0.698 and 0.301). The classification of the indexes in the region of use makes it possible to improve the planning of actions to prevent and combat forest fires.

Modelagem e simulação de dados hidrológicos na Bacia do Rio Ibicuí da Armada

O uso de modelos hidrológicos é amplamente utilizado para fins de conhecimento dos regimes de vazões em bacias hidrográficas e para dar suporte quando ocorrem falhas nas medições. O presente estudo teve por objetivo calibrar um modelo hidrológico na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ibicuí da Armada no Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, a fim de simular seu regime de vazões diários para um período de 250 dias à frente. Utilizou-se o programa WIN_IPH2 para simulação, ajustando parâmetros de otimização através de testes de calibração automática por funções-objetivo e, verificando posteriormente o seu ajuste. As séries diárias foram adquiridas junto ao banco de dados disponibilizado pela Agência Nacional das Águas (ANA) e pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). A função-objetivo que apresentou o melhor ajuste amostral entre as séries foi a função de Desvio Médio Absoluto (DMA), mostrando-se o melhor para representar a Q90 e a Q95. O emprego do software WIN_IPH2 aliado a informações condicionantes dos regimes de vazões mostraram-se bastante úteis para utilização em situações que demandem o conhecimento de disponibilidade hídrica, contribuindo, assim, para a melhora das ações de gestão dos recursos hídricos.

Mortality prediction of laying hens due to heat waves

Mortality in the production of laying hens is a concern for producers and constitutes a considerable economic loss. Some climatic events, such as heat waves, are directly related to the mortality increasing. The aim of this study was to relate the occurrence of heat waves with laying hens mortality, considering the effect of two different kinds of shed used in egg production. Daily mortality data were obtained from two aviaries located in the city of Bastos-SP for the period of October 2014 to January 2016. The data about the climate were gotten from two meteorological stations located in the cities of Tupa-SP and Rancharia-SP, Brazil, from 2010 to 2015. The heat waves were classified in the climatic database using different definitions recommended in the literature (FRICH et al., 2002; INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE METEOROLOGIA, 2016; ROSSATO; SARTORI; MISSIO, 2003 TEBALDI et al., 2006). Mortality and climate data were related in a single database and were classified into normal and high mortality by data mining using the J48 algorithm. It was possible to associate the occurrences of heat wave and the increase of mortality of laying hens. The classification tree generated identified accurately 71% of occurrences of high mortality and 95% of all mortality data. The classification tree allowed to relate the increase in laying mortality in function of heat waves and allows a prediction of when there will be a bigger chance of high mortality.

Avaliação de desempenho térmico em salas de aula no Alto Sertão da Paraíba – estudo de caso no IFPB, Campus Cajazeiras

<p>The search for greater efficiency in the thermal performance of buildings in hot climate places aims to improve living conditions so as to mitigate extreme climatic conditions and to reduce energy consumption with artificial air conditioning. In this sense, thermal comfort evaluations aim to diagnose the environmental conditions offered to users in order to identify existing problems, and propose solutions for them. These evaluations are even more important in school environments, where this influence becomes more considerable due to the direct contribution of the thermal environment in the delicate teaching-learning relationship. This research is a study carried out in the city of Cajazeiras, located in Paraíba, it evaluated the thermal performance of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, Cajazeiras campus classrooms. First of all, it tried to analyze local climatic conditions based on the test reference year - TRY calculated on the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia meteorological station, located in São Gonçalo city / PB, 30km from Cajazeiras. Then, we described the physical characteristics of the classroom blocks, as well as the monitoring of four classrooms, which represented the two existing typologies, from October 11 to 24, 2016. It was found that the classrooms kept the temperature values within the zone of thermal comfort during class times, with the aid of the air conditioner. However, relative air humidity values were lower than the 60% limit suggested by the World Health Organization. </p>