Institute Of Sport Research Articles

IIncentives and Their Role in the Job Performance of the Sports Federations in Kirkuk from the Point of View of Sports Federations Members

This study aims to determine the relationship between incentive, job performance levels and job performance among the members of sports federations in Kirkuk. The universe and the sample of the study were chosen with the intentional method consisting of (60) members of sports federations in Kirkuk. The researcher distributed (50) questionnaires to the study sample, then took a sample of (10) from the original community for the pilot study,the researcher used the survey method from the basic methods in the descriptive research because it is suitable for the nature of the study. According to our findings; The reward and financial incentive provided by the federation, moral appreciation was found to be an additional incentive to do more tasks (2.68±0.62 ; 2.60±0.60). On the other hand; It was determined that the participants preferred to receive financial incentives compared to moral incentives (3.98±0.55). Regarding the work performance of its members; It was determined that the positive performance evaluation results motivated me and pushed me to work efficiently (2.72±0.64), while the members obeyed the working rules and procedures (3.48±0.81). It also shows that there is a significant relationship (p<0.00) between incentives and job performance. Sonuç olarak; It is recommended to organize training courses for administrative leadership in the field of awards, the need to support and strengthen positive business relations between employees in non-sport sports institutions, incentives, human relations and employee evaluation methods, and to conduct a study on these incentives and improve work performance for other sports institutions.

Māori and Field Hockey from 1900: More Than a Game?

Field hockey, introduced to New Zealand in the late nineteeth century, quickly became popular among North Island Māori communities, especially with women. While Māori did not seek to separate themselves from mainstream society, they nevertheless sought to create parallel sporting (and other cultural) institutions through which their culture, tribal connections, and ethnic identity might remain intact and flourish, a phenomenon that exists to this day. Analysis of Māori hockey from the 1900s to the present serves to draw attention to the sport’s highpoint of the inter-war period, and its resurgence in the 1990s with the establishment of a national Māori hockey association and tournaments. Because more Māori women played hockey than men, the women’s game features more prominently in the paper. The researchers use periodicals of the time for much of their key historical primary data, including Māori-language newspapers, with some interviews for the more contemporary developments, arguing that for Māori, hockey has never been merely a game played purely for physical enjoyment, but an opportunity to experience it as Māori, in a Māori cultural space.

Pattern of Consumption of Sports Supplements of Spanish Handball Players: Differences According to Gender and Competitive Level.

(1) Background: Given the physiological characteristics of handball, players may require the use of certain sports supplements (SS). However, very few studies have investigated the consumption of SS in handball. The aims were to determine the number of handball players who consume SS, to analyze their SS consumption pattern according to gender and competitive level, and to assess whether the SS they consume are supported by scientific evidence, and to which group they belong according to the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). (2) Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was carried out on the habitual consumption of SS in 360 federated Spanish players by using a self-administered and validated questionnaire. (3) Results: These showed 65.8% of the sample consumed SS. According to the total number of participants, the most consumed supplements were from Group A: sports drinks (30.8%) and whey protein (30.4%). When analyzing the data by gender, the men's consumption was significantly higher for whey protein (p < 0.001), caffeine (p = 0.009), and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001). When analyzed by competitive level, the provincial category players group showed a significantly lower consumption than the rest of the groups for protein bars (p = 0.038), whey protein (p = 0.005) and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001), while the honor division group showed a significantly higher intake of creatine monohydrate than the remaining groups (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The handball players showed a moderate consumption of SS, without using substances that were not supported by scientific evidence and opting in most cases for supplements belonging to group A from the AIS classification. Men tended to consume more SS, and SS consumption increased based on competitive level.

The social institute of sports as a factor of personality transformation

the article analyzes sport as a social institution and its place in the life of an individual. The Institute of sports is considered in its various aspects and in the performance of its various functions when influencing the personality. A modern interpretation of this concept is given. The emphasis is placed on the urgent problems of the social institute of sports, which plays an important role in the formation of a person's personality. The characteristics of the social functions of sport are given, in particular, emphasis is placed on the specifics of solving such tasks as educational, health, preventive, spectacular, peacemaking, cultural, entertainment, industrial, recreational, communicative, as well as specific tasks for it, such as tasks for physical improvement and transformation of the body in terms of performance. specific tasks. The arguments of modern scientists in favor of the unsatisfactory state of sports in our country are presented, and certain ways to get out of this situation through the activation of the social function of sports are proposed. Including through the formation of the subject's value orientations, self-determination of the individual, the personal formation of the athlete and the promotion of the professional formation of the subject of sports. The problems resulting from the insufficient level of socialization of the athlete are formulated. It is concluded that there is a great potential of sports in the formation of a personality, the main way of which is sports activity. в представленной статье анализируется спорт, как социальный институт и его место в жизнедеятельности личности. Институт спорта рассмотрен в разных его аспектах и при выполнении им различных функций при воздействии на личность. Дана современная трактовка данного понятия. Сделан акцент на актуальных проблемах социального института спорта, играющего важную роль в становление личности человека. Дана характеристика социальным функциям спорта, в частности, сделан акцент на особенности решения в рамках социального института таких задач, как воспитательных, оздоровительных, профилактических, зрелищных, миротворческих, культурных, развлекательных, производственных, рекреационных, коммуникативных, а также специфических для него, таких как задачи по физическому совершенствованию и преобразованию организма в плане выполнения определенных задач. Приводятся доводы современных учёных в пользу неудовлетворительного состояния спорта в нашей стране, а также предлагаются определенные пути для выхода из сложившейся ситуации через активизацию социальной функции спорта. В том числе через формирование у субъекта ценностных ориентаций, самоопределения личности, личностное становление спортсмена и способствование профессиональному становлению субъекта спорта. Сформулированы проблемы являющиеся следствием недостаточного уровня социализации спортсмена. Сделан вывод о наличии большого потенциала спорта в становлении личности, основным способом реализации которой является спортивная деятельность.

Sport policy reforms in Chile: the tension between ‘doers’ and ‘thinkers’

ABSTRACT This study considers the reforms of Chile’s state sport structures from 2001 to 2022. Drawing upon institutional frameworks, the purpose of this article is to analyse the emerging rules, practices and narratives from these reforms. This study employed a qualitative approach, with data gathered from document analysis and semi-structured interviews with six policymakers/bureaucrats from the Ministry of Sport (MINDEP) and National Institute of Sport (IND). Data was analysed through thematic coding of available texts (e.g. policies, government documentation, media sources and interview transcripts) via MAXQDA 2022 qualitative analysis software. The findings highlight that incommensurate rules, practices and narratives may be the impetus for institutional change. Rules connected with New Public Management (NPM) and the creation of the National Institute of Sport (Law 19.712 of 2001) conflicted with the discretionary practices of previous institutional arrangements. Subsequent legislation created a (rule-based) dichotomy between ‘thinkers’ (MINDEP) and ‘doers’ (IND), which has been influenced by the practice of politically based appointments into the IND. While informants suggested that the system’s parochialism and incapacity render change unlikely in the future, there is nevertheless evidence of change emanating from the combination of broken rules (in the form of scandals), incommensurate practices and contemporary narratives about the need to engage with communities.

Method of physical improvement of higher education students by means of functional training in the aspect of health-preservation

Aim: To justify and experimentally verify the modern method of physical improvement of higher education students by means of functional training, taking into account the individual capabilities of student age in the aspect of health-preservation. Materials and Methods: 264 students of the 1st-2nd years of the specialties: «Physical therapy, occupational therapy», «Technologies of medical diagnosis and treatment», specialty «Secondary education. Physical culture» and «Physical culture and sport. Sport» took part in the study. They attended physical education classes and extracurricular functional training classes during 2020-2022 in three stages: theoretical and diagnostic stage; analytical and research stage; experimental and generalizing stage. Students were from the Educational and Scientific Institute of Physical Education and Sports of the State Institution «Luhansk National University named after Taras Shevchenko», the Communal Institution «Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy» of the Kharkiv Regional Council. Research methods: theoretical, empirical, methods of statistical data processing. Results: The survey of the tested contingent showed that 60% of respondents want to increase muscle mass, increase strength – 30%, correct the figure – 10%. Among the forms of classes, 46% students consider independent classes to be the best, physical education classes – 40%, personal and group classes – 14%. Conclusions: An experimental method of physical improvement of students of higher education institutions using functional training exercises has been developed. A feature of the developed methodology is the individualization and integral combination of traditional teaching methods with innovative ones with gradual complication of the content of classes.

ANALYSIS OF ARMENIAN STUDENTS STRENGTH ENDURANCE INDICATORS

Strength endurance is considered one of the manifestations of human strength abilities. Indicators of strength endurance give some idea of a person's physical fitness, as well as the functional state of various organs and systems. In the course of the study, it was found that in recent years, specialists in the field of physical education have begun to show quite a lot of interest, especially in the indicators of strength endurance of students. Through this study, an attempt was made to find out the indicators of strength endurance of Armenian students and their compliance with international standards. The purpose of the study is to figure out the level of strength endurance of Armenian students. The study was carried out in February 2024 at Yerevan State Medical University named after Mkhitar Heratsi, V. Bryusov State University and the Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture and Sport. The study involved 177 participants. During the study, testing was carried out through 3-minute burpee test. The following data were obtained from the statistical analysis of the test results: male students - 38.55 (X), 11.97 (σ), 1.29 (m); female students - 34.31 (X), 14.39 (σ), 1.51 (m). From a comparative analysis of the indicators of female and male students, it became clear that female students lag slightly behind the male students in their indicators. The difference is statistically significant (t=2.13, p&lt;0.05) and is 4.24. The data obtained were compared with the data of European (Polish, British, Hungarian, Serbian) students. It turned out that Armenian students have lower level of strength endurance than Europeans. Thus, the international standards of the Burpee 3 m test cannot be applied to Armenian students.

Hydration Status and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Athlete Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between athlete burnout, hydration status, and self-esteem. It hypothesizes that both hydration status and self-esteem significantly predict athlete burnout. Methods and Materials: The study employed a cross-sectional design involving 230 athletes from various sports clubs and institutions. Participants were actively engaged in competitive sports for at least one year, aged between 18 and 35 years, and free from chronic health conditions. Athlete burnout was measured using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), hydration status was assessed using the Urine Specific Gravity (USG) test, and self-esteem was evaluated using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Data analysis involved Pearson correlation coefficients to assess relationships and multiple linear regression to evaluate predictive values. Results: Descriptive statistics indicated a mean score for athlete burnout of 3.10 (SD = 0.65), a mean USG for hydration status of 1.025 (SD = 0.004), and a mean score for self-esteem of 21.85 (SD = 4.72). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between athlete burnout and hydration status (r = 0.32, p &lt; .001), a negative correlation between athlete burnout and self-esteem (r = -0.45, p &lt; .001), and a weak negative correlation between hydration status and self-esteem (r = -0.15, p = .021). Regression analysis revealed that hydration status and self-esteem together explained 29% of the variance in athlete burnout, with both being significant predictors. Conclusion: The findings suggest that higher levels of dehydration and lower self-esteem are associated with increased athlete burnout. Ensuring adequate hydration and fostering self-esteem are crucial for reducing burnout. Interventions should focus on maintaining hydration, enhancing self-esteem, and promoting self-determined motivation.

ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ГОТОВНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ ВУЗА К ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ ФИЗКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ

The article considers the factors infl uencing the formation of university students’ readiness to organize continuous physical education activities of schoolchildren. Based on the conducted research, external and internal factors affecting the process under study have been identifi ed. The internal factors include the practical signifi cance of the studied material; the implementation of differentiated and individual approaches in the educational process; the implementation of practical activities on the basis of practices; the use of various teaching tools by teachers in the educational process; refl ection of modern scientifi c achievements in the studied material; compliance with modern requirements of the material base of the higher educational institution. External factors include the promotion and agitation of schoolchildren for a healthy lifestyle; family traditions; the activities of school sports clubs; the work of sports schools and institutions of additional education. The identifi ed internal and external factors were ranked. Knowledge of their importance should be taken into account by university teachers in educational activities with students.

The interplay of normative, descriptive, and prescriptive discourses in shaping student teacher development: an analysis of physical education inspection reports

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze physical education (PE) inspection discourse for insights into mentoring practices and teaching quality improvement. Examining reports provided perspective into normative, descriptive, and prescriptive evaluation aspects shaping student teacher development. Methods: The study involved 29 Tunisian inspectors of student teachers at the High Institute of Sport and Physical Education during the Fall 2022 academic term. In total, 117 pedagogical reports were obtained confidentially for discourse analysis. The analysis focuses on three types of discourse that may be present in the inspection reports: normative, descriptive, and prescriptive. The objective is to extract the most frequently used words and verbs by inspectors and to quantify the frequency of terms related to these three dimensions. Results: Analysis of verb and word frequencies within different discourse types revealed a significant association (χ² test, P= .0013, Cramer's V= .17, moderate effect size). Pedagogical inspectors predominantly employed normative language, with 78.1% of words and 62.7% of verbs falling into this category. This dominance suggests a focus on guiding, advising, and encouraging teachers through references to specific standards and practices. Notably, verbs like "guide" and "suggest" (14% and 12% frequency, respectively) were prevalent, highlighting a collaborative approach over direct imposition. Conclusions: This study challenges the singular focus on discourse modalities in inspector reports, revealing a multifaceted discourse ecosystem. While normative language sets standards and benchmarks, descriptive language captures classroom realities, and prescriptive language offers targeted guidance. This interplay fosters critical reflection, professional autonomy, and continuous improvement in student teachers. Inspectors, therefore, emerge as more than evaluators; they are facilitators.

Социокультурные эффекты эволюции форм и уровней централизации в советской культуре в Омской области

The article reveals the socio-cultural effects of forms of centralization in the heritage of Soviet culture in the Omsk region, which manifested themselves in the era of the activities of party and statesman S.I. Manyakin. The analysis of the Soviet lifestyle allowed the author to distinguish five socio-cultural effects: strengthening cultural initiatives and enthusiasm in culture, establishing the dependence of achievements in production on the cultural level of the place, increasing social activity and responsibility of people, creating an atmosphere of cultural stimulation of highly productive work, reviving the production and creative mission of culture. Highlighting these effects made it possible to determine the forms of centralization and, accordingly, three basic levels of centralization: primary, middle, full and anticipate the fourth level-regional, including institutions of sports, education, culture and art.

Mindfulness and acceptance-based training for elite adolescent athletes: a mixed-method exploratory study.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a specifically designed mindfulness-acceptance-insight-commitment (MAIC) training program on relevant psychological factors (i.e., mindfulness, acceptance, performance-related satisfaction) as well as sport training performance for elite adolescent athletes from Hong Kong. And it also aimed to explore the athletes' real experiences (i.e., receptiveness and perceptions) of completing the MAIC program. The mixed-method was used in this study, including a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a qualitative exploration. The RCT employed a 2 (groups) x 3 (data collection points) design involving 40 elite adolescent athletes from the Hong Kong Sports Institute (HKSI). These athletes were randomly assigned to either the MAIC training group (MT; n = 20, Mage = 15.65) or the control group (CG; n = 20, Mage = 15.85) to further test the effectiveness of the MAIC intervention on mindfulness, acceptance, performance-related satisfaction, and sport training performance. Subsequent to the RCT, the qualitative exploration was used to explore the athletes' real experiences towards the MAIC program. In the qualitative exploration, all athletes who participated in the MAIC program were invited to participate in voluntary semi-structured interviews. Of these, 14 athletes chose to take part in the interviews. The RCT employed a 2×3 mixed-design ANOVA, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative exploration. The results revealed that the MAIC training program significantly enhanced athletes' mindfulness, acceptance, satisfaction with performance, and sport training performance. However, these effects diminished at the follow-up assessment compared to post-training. Notably, the acceptance level of MT athletes did not significantly differ from CG athletes at the follow-up assessment. Additionally, the qualitative analysis identified four key dimensions: (a) Attitude towards MAIC training, (b) Reflection on the MAIC learning process, (c) Outcomes of MAIC training, and (d) Recommendations for future MAIC training. Overall, the qualitative findings complemented and reinforced the quantitative results, offering deeper insights into athletes' experiences and valuable suggestions for further enhancing the MAIC program. The findings suggested that the specifically designed MAIC training program in this study effectively enhanced sport training performance and various psychological factors among elite adolescent athletes from Hong Kong. Nevertheless, further investigations are still required to comprehensively evaluate and further develop the MAIC training program.

Optimization of Sports Performance: Analysis of the use of ergogenic nutritional aids by elite athletes representing Peru at an international level

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the relationship between knowledge and consumption of ergogenic nutritional aids was evaluated in Peruvian athletes featured in the Lima 2019 Pan American Games. A total of 238 athletes from the Peruvian Sports Institute were surveyed using a questionnaire of 23 interrogations. The results revealed a high level of knowledge, with 99.6% of respondents familiar with ergogenic nutritional aids, and 93.7% admitting their use. The main motivation for consumption was guidance from nutritionists (38.1%), followed by recommendations from trainers (24.2%). A significant and positive relationship was identified between knowledge and consumption of ergogenic nutritional aids. A disparity in consumption was observed between genders, with men having a higher average intake and knowledge compared to women. Likewise, it was highlighted that with age both consumption and knowledge of these ergogenic nutritional aids increased. This analysis provides valuable insight into the dynamics of the use of ergogenic nutritional aids in high-performance athletes in the Peruvian context, highlighting the influence of health professionals and coaches on consumption decisions.

ОТНОШЕНИЕ СТУДЕНТОВ ВЫСШИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЙ К ЗАНЯТИЯМ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРОЙ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПОЛУЧАЕМОЙ ПРОФЕССИИ

In modern conditions, physical training of students at a university, the tasks of which are not only to improve the body and develop general physical qualities, but also to form professionally significant skills and special physical qualities that contribute to more effective activities of future specialists, is becoming particularly relevant. Thus, the professionally significant qualities of future engineers include: a high level of organization of the nervous system and functioning of analyzers, high efficiency and resistance to fatigue, good reaction speed, high concentration and switchability of attention, high level of perception and developed observation, formed practical thinking, stress resistance, determination, high coordination of movement, developed fine motor skills of the hands, the ability to quickly rebuild motor actions in accordance with suddenly changed conditions. Physical education and sports require the same qualities, so its means and methods can be used as training for engineering students. However, it should be understood that the attitude of students to this discipline may vary depending on their future professional orientation. This work is aimed at analyzing the peculiarities of students' perception of the discipline "Physical Culture" depending on the chosen field of professional activity, including a survey of students of various fields in order to identify their attitude to the subject, factors affecting attendance, physical activity and visits to sports institutions.

Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists.

The widespread use of sports supplements (SS) to enhance athletic performance extends to cyclists, although little research has been conducted on this subject within this sport. This descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 1688 federated road cyclists, aiming to analyse the pattern of SS consumption concerning the degree of scientific evidence and different categories. This study categorised SS based on the groups and subgroups established by the Australian Sport Institute (AIS, 2023) based on the level of evidence. Our results showed that 62.5% of the sample cyclists used SS, with an average of 12.2 ± 8.6 supplements consumed per participant. Health status (78.2%), pharmacies (62.5%), and medical doctors (45.7%) were the main reasons, purchase sites, and sources of information for SS consumption, respectively. The most prevalent SS consumed were Sports Gels (94%), Sports Bars (89.3%), and Sports Drinks (73.8%). Notably, 80% of the top ten most consumed SS belonged to the group with the highest level of evidence according to the AIS, with an average of 6.9 ± 3.2 supplements per participant. However, 23.3% of the total SS consumers used prohibited substances. In conclusion, while the prevalence of SS consumption among road cyclists is considerable and the primary sources for purchasing SS and obtaining advice are reliable, there is a notable prevalence of prohibited substance use within the sample.

Социализация молодых болельщиков под воздействием института профессионального спорта (на примере г. Ростова-на-Дону)

Социализация молодых болельщиков под воздействием института профессионального спорта (на примере г. Ростова-на-Дону)

The Level of Organizational Performance of Sports Institutions in the United Arab Emirates

The study aims to identify the level of organizational performance of the work of Emirati sports institutions from employees' point of view. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach and a questionnaire as a tool for collecting data. The study sample consisted of (83) workers. The study reached several results, including: The level of organizational performance of the work of Emirati sports institutions from employees' point of view was moderate and does not meet aspirations to reach achievements at the Olympic level. Among the recommendations reached by the study is to give workers in Emirati sports institutions courses from international federations to develop their skills to keep pace with everything new in the science of sports management in order to ensure that sports institutions achieving their goals in the sports strategy for the year 2030 and working to establish projects that aims to adopt the sports talents of the youth to lead them to Asian and Olympic levels of competition

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОБУЧЕНИЮ СТУДЕНТОВ ИНСТИТУТА ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ И СПОРТА С РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ ПСИХОТИПАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ РАБОТЫ В МАЛЫХ ГРУППАХ

The paper discusses the necessity of taking into account individual typological characteristics of physical education students in order to optimize their education. The conducted research allows to adjust the learning process to the needs of the specified student group. The authors employ the hardware-software complex “Psychological tests” to conduct the study. The paper presents the analysis of the results of the pedagogical experiment on the implementation of a differentiated approach to teaching students of the Institute of Physical Education and Sport with different psychotypes through small group work.

“In Soccer, We Have the Opportunity to Call Attention to Certain Things”: An Examination of Media Framing of Activism for Human Rights in German Sport

The goal of this study was to extend the contemporary athlete activism literature by (a) exploring athlete activism beyond a strictly North American context and (b) examining how athlete activism at an organizational/institutional level (i.e., sport organization) may be framed differently than activist efforts at an individual level (i.e., athlete). By examining two examples of activism in German soccer, we show that the framing of both athlete-enacted and organization-enacted examples of activism highlighted the importance of speaking up when human rights are violated, called for the display of solidarity, and discussed the broader political implications for such protests. Additionally, framing of both examples of activism included voices of criticism regarding the sport organizations governing global sport. As calls for accountability of sport organizations suppressing athlete expression are becoming increasingly common in global sport, this study adds to a shifting focus of activism research targeting the sport institutions that often perpetuate the various injustices individual athletes call attention to.

Spor Ekseninde İyi Yönetişim İlkelerinin İncelenmesi: Antrenörlere Yönelik Bir Uygulama

The purpose of this research is to examine the awareness levels of good governance principles of basketball and tennis coaches affiliated with the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality sports club. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the relational screening model was used in the research. The sample group of the study consists of a total of 24 coaches, 75% of whom are male (n = 18) and 25% of whom are female (n = 6), selected by the purposeful sampling method. In the study, a personal information form and the "Good Governance Principles Scale" consisting of 46 items developed by Jawaada (2021) were used as data collection tools. Percentage and frequency analyzes were used to determine the distribution of participants' personal information. Skewness and kurtosis values were examined to determine whether the statistical data showed a normal distribution to determine the significance and difference levels between the groups. It was understood that the data did not show a normal distribution. In the analysis of data between groups; Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used. According to the research findings, no significant difference was found between the participants' perceptions of good governance according to gender, age, sports branch, position in the institution, working time in the institution and governance knowledge. As a result, participants' perceptions of good governance do not differ according to their socio-demographic characteristics. Keywords: Sports institution, good governance, coaches.