Institutional History Research Articles

From Seminary to University: An Institutional History of the Study of Religion in Canada by Aaron W. Hughes (review)

From Seminary to University: An Institutional History of the Study of Religion in Canada by Aaron W. Hughes (review)

“Now, What’s One Story I Wanted to Tell You?”: Oral History Exhibition Archives at the Chicago History Museum at the Turn of the 21st Century

Starting in the 1970s, American history museums have undergone a shift away from seeing themselves collections-focused historical societies acting as “temples to the past.” In the face of broader political challenges—civil rights, increasingly multicultural urban audiences, and the “culture wars” of the 1980s, public historians have sought to reclaim their institutions’ relevance by seeking to share their authority and mission with those “publics” they serve. While secondary literature on public history has generally agreed that museums pulled off this shift—and museums themselves have touted successful exhibits and outreach—this essay uses a specific case study to complicate the narrative. The Chicago History Museum, a metropolitan history museum founded in 1856 as the Chicago Historical Society, turned to oral history as both a collecting and a community engagement practice in the 1990s and early 2000s. At a moment of museological transition, the museum sought to match its city’s transition towards multiculturalism. This essay reads oral history archives created by the museum in a new light: within their material history as collections. I argue that the oral history archives of CHS’s exhibition projects are valuable sources not just of the urban history the museum intended to capture but also the institutional history of public museums themselves. This method suggests new paths forward for understanding public history strategies and community history.

Women, Children, and Enslaved People in the Portuguese Empire in Asia: Introduction

Recent studies on the Portuguese empire in Asia during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries have highlighted the role and relationships of resistance and sociability among women, children, and enslaved individuals in that context. Often tied to institutional histories, these themes are traditionally understood through the framework provided by legal restrictions and privileges. The studies gathered here aim to emphasize the stories of women, children, and enslaved individuals, incorporating perspectives that shed light on narratives of resistance, tactics, negotiations, solidarities, and disputes led by these agents in the Portuguese empire in Asia. This text serves as the introduction to the special theme section on Women, Children, and Enslaved People in the Portuguese Empire in Asia, 16th-18th centuries, organized by the authors.

마이스터고 정책의 제도적 변화 분석: 역사적 제도주의 관점을 중심으로

This study analyzed the trajectory of policy change in Meister High School from a historical institutionalism perspective. Through this analysis, the causes for the continuity of Meister High School policy as part of the secondary vocational education system, regardless of changes in government, and the internal catalysts for change were examined from a historical perspective.
 The key findings of the study, summarized using the perspective of historical institutionalism and commonly used terms in this discourse, are as follows. First, the Meister High School policy emerged by highlighting the differentiation point of "Meister" while maintaining existing elements of the secondary vocational education system. Second, the Meister High School policy relied on the performance indicator of employment rates during the preparatory and implementation stages, forming path dependence. Various pre-existing policy elements combined institutionally to form a layering effect in the path formation. Third, the policy drifted due to unintended consequences such as negative public discourse on fair access for youth, negative perceptions of employment upon high school graduation, and issues related to early employment and working conditions, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industries and educational settings.
 In summary, the Meister High School policy is undergoing a gradual transformation, and has the uniqueness of attempting issue framing by the same minister in different periods of government. As an actor, the Minister of Education sought to dominate and frame the agenda of vocational education, but the influence varied depending on the timing and context in which the policy was situated. Based on the research findings, implications for the Meister High School policy are derived, and suggestions for the institutional aspects of the development of Meister High School are provided.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИСТОРИИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ (МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ) ПСИХОЛОГИИ

The article substantiates insufficient knowledge of the history of the formation and development of clinical (medical) psychology, demonstrates the small volume and content scarcity of relevant foreign and domestic historiography, singles out a number of unresolved theoretical problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the main theoretical problems of the history of clinical (medical) psychology, the research tasks were to identify problems in this area of knowledge, analyze them and find possible solutions. As research methods, a comparative historical, bibliographic, historical event method and a method for developing periodization of the historical process were used. Such theoretical problems of the history of clinical (medical) psychology as problems of periodization, ‘localization’ and differentiation of the history of medical psychology and the history of psychiatry as well as the main ways to solve them were identified. As a solution to the problem of periodization of the history of clinical psychology, three grounds have been proposed. The history of clinical psychology can be implemented as a history of changes in ideas about the mental norm, pathology and treatment; as a history of the evolution of medical and psychological diagnostics; as an institutional history. The problem of ‘localization’ the history of clinical psychology can be solved by writing ‘local’ (‘national’) stories. The problem of differentiating the history of clinical psychology and psychiatry, apparently, cannot be solved completely, but a partial solution can be found by relying on three criteria: differentiation in the line of ideas about norm/pathology and treatment, in the line of psychodiagnosis methods and in the institutional line.

페루 대졸자의 노동시장 이행 과정 분석

[Purpose] Despite their strong academic capabilities, the graduates of national universities in Peru tend to face more difficulties when searching a job or tend to find employment at workplaces that offer lower wages compared to those with similar abilities from private universities. This research aims to examine the factors associated with disparity in the labor outcomes of bachelor’s degree holders across socioeconomic status.
 [Research Methods] We first reviewed the history, finance, and admissions system of Peruvian higher education institutions to ruminate on the divided higher education system where the high school to college pipelines differ depending on socioeconomic status. Next, we examined the factors associated with the disadvantages national university graduates experience in the context of racial discrimination, prejudice stemming from terrorism, and social capital.
 [Results] First, college pipeline is divided across the level of socioeconomic background where students with higher status, predominantly white, are more likely to attend private universities. They achieve better labor outcomes due to the inequality in career opportunities favoring white candidates. Second, the history of national universities involved in the terrorist activities of radical communist guerrilla groups serves as a sort of stigma disadvantaging the graduates from national universities in labor market. Third, job seekers with higher socioeconomic status are able to effectively use their social networks, putting students from national universities at a disadvantage compared to private university graduates.
 [Conclusion] Peruvian society is divided in terms of the student access to colleges depending on socioeconomic status, and this stratification extends to the labor market, resulting in the limitations on social mobility based on one's Alma mater. In order for Peruvian higher education to contribute to social mobility, these unfair employment factors arising from individual socioeconomic backgrounds need to be addressed, and diversity and equity in student access should be improved.

The culture of Kazakhstan of the Soviet period in the English historiography of the second half of the XX -early XXI centuries

The article provides an analysis of the work of English scientists who tell about the history of Kazakhstan in the Soviet period of the second half of the XX-early XXI centuries, the history of the local population, econ-omy, culture, traditions, religious beliefs. We consider historiography as a special historical discipline that studies the history of the accumulation of historical knowledge, the development of historical thought and re-search methodology, the history of the creation of historical works and biographies of scientists, the history of scientific institutions, the organization of historical education and the spread of historical knowledge. The main purpose of writing the article was to introduce researchers to the scientific environment, the modern community of readers. The article conducted a scientific analysis of the works of European and English re-searchers who wrote about the culture, traditions, and religious beliefs of Kazakhs in the period from the XXcentury to the beginning of the XXI century. According to the theory and methodology of scientific research, the methods of historicism, objectivity, historical comparative analysis and historical regularity were mainly used. In the post-war years, Anglo-American Sovietology proved its right to take a worthy place in World historiography, and was in demand not only in Western countries, but also in the countries of the for-mer Soviet Union. The most accurate and deep analysis was distinguished by the works of Jeffrey Wheeler, Walter Kolartz, Shirin Akiner, Sevket Akıldız, Richard Carlson, Violet Connolli, Sarah Cameron, Harun Yilmaz, Rico Isaacs. At the beginning of writing the article, the books and articles of these researchers of the Soviet history, including Kazakhstan, were taken as a basis

ODESA HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AND THE JANUARY UPRISING OF 1863-1864: MATERIALS OF ONE CRIMINAL CASE

The article proposes for the first time the publication of the documents of one criminal case, which reveal the impact of the events of the January Uprising of 1863–1864 on the students of the private men's gymnasium in Odessa. It was found out that the students of the gymnasium discussed and worried about the events of the uprising in Poland and even dreamed of joining the Polish units. Youthful dreams and other life events led to the suicide of one of the students. The published documents help reveal the everyday life of high school students and the history of a particular educational institution. A circle of Polish families cheering on their children's actions is also shown. The attitude of the Russian administration towards students of Polish origin was noted.

Cartography of Resistance: Zagreb 1941-1945: An interview

On the occasion of the seventieth anniversary of the liberation of Zagreb, a few interested researchers and activists, supported by Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung Southeast Europe (RLS SEE) in partnership with Zagreb-based curatorial collective [BLOK], started to work on a project entitled Cartography of Resistance [Kartografija otpora]. The starting point is the underground networks established for the purpose of resistance to the fascist Ustasha [Ustaša] authorities during the Second World War on the territory of the Yugoslav countries (1941-1945), which were rooted in the interwar left-oriented labor movement and activism of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia [Komunistička partija Jugoslavije, KPJ]. The research has been carried out in two phases; during 2015 and 2016, and from 2020 until 2022. Both focused on spatial, organizational, political, gender and social aspects of the resistance movement. During the first phase emerged the website “kartografija-otpora.org” that mapped the resistance on the territory of the city of Zagreb. On the basis of research carried out in the second phase, the book entitled Kartografija otpora: Zagreb 1941.-1945. (ed. Josip Jagić, Marko Kostanić) was written and published. The book consists of nine chapters total, where the first three, written by Karlo Držaić, Saša Vejzagić and Josip Jagić, deal with the general institutional and social history of the resistance movement. Krešimir Zovak in his contribution tackles the Peoples’ Justice [Narodna Pravda], exploring controversial topic of Partisan courts. Barbara Blasin wrote about Antifascist Women’s Front in Zagreb, while Ana Lovreković dealt with women working for the Party’s Local Committee. Petra Šarin wrote about Agitprop and the underground printing services. Stefan Treskanica and Goran Korov, members of the team from 2015, investigated the phenomenon of Peoples’ Aid [Narodna pomoć] and explored the activities of the KPJ in the prewar period, between 1931 and 1941. The website was also updated on the basis of these findings with more than 200 locations of terror and resistance. We asked the contributors about the content and specific importance of this book.

Язык и стиль уголовно-процессуальных документов органов уголовного преследования БССР середины ХХ столетия

Introduction. Studying the history of criminal procedure institutions allows to fully comprehend their essence, as well as to comprehend the logic of the legislator who formulated a certain rule of law in one form or another. In this regard, the analysis of archival criminal cases is of particular scientific interest, the study of which contributes to the objective study of the documentation of the pre-trial criminal procedural activity of the criminal prosecution bodies of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) of the mid-twentieth century and its further evolution.
 The purpose of this article is to study the documentation of the pre-trial criminal procedural activities of the criminal prosecution bodies of the BSSR of the mid-twentieth century.
 Methods. The methodological basis of the research is a combination of general scientific (dialectical, deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, etc.) and private-scientific methods (legal-technical, comparativelegal, empirical, etc.).
 Results. In the course of the study, the conclusion was formulated that the pre-trial proceedings of the BSSR in the middle of the mid-twentieth century were to some extent influenced by pre-revolutionary legislation and law enforcement practice, which was reflected both in the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of the BSSR and in the activities of the Soviet criminal prosecution bodies. On the other hand, the systematic deviations of investigators and interrogators from the archaic requirements of the Soviet criminal procedure law subsequently led to the transformation of such actions into the norms of the law of the Criminal Procedure Code of the BSSR of 1961 and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Belarus.
 In addition, attention is drawn to the preservation of the rules of registration of certain procedural documents (known at least since the beginning of the twentieth century) in the modern activities of the Belarusian criminal prosecution bodies. In the process of writing the article, the procedure for conducting face-to-face interrogation and the presentation for identification at the stage of development of the criminal process, when they such have not yet been considered by the legislator as investigative actions, is considered.

The Abbasid State's Contribution to Education: History, Policy, and Development of Islamic Educational Institutions

This study aims to describe the contribution of Abbasid civilization to education both covering Abbasid history, policies related to scientific development, and developing educational institutions. This research is a literature research by emphasizing historical aspects with heuristics, criticism, interpretation and histography steps. The results of the study showed that there were several policies implemented by the government to develop science and civilization which included translation projects, rihlah 'ilmiyyah and the construction of educational institutions which included libraries, kuttab, mosques, madrasas, art studios, bookstores, observatories, ribath and zawiyyah. When contextualized with Islamic education today, there are several alternatives offered by the Abbasid State. First, in addition to using a normative approach, an experimental approach in education is needed as a solutive alternative to facing industrial challenges. Second, to form educated people, there needs to be a synergy of all elements, not just educational institutions. Third, Islamic educational institutions must have a concentration in certain sciences on the basis of Islamic norms.

Kodikologija Lietuvoje 1918–1990 metais: tarp knygos istorijos ir paleografijos

The article discusses the development of the discipline of codicology in Lithuania in the period 1918-1990 thus continuing the research carried out from the early 19th century until 1918. The concept of codicology and its affiliation with the discipline of book studies allow us to identify the chronology of the research with the development of book studies, which entered the stage of independent science in the period under discussion. This was also the time when the discipline of codicology in Western Europe underwent a quantum leap - with the birth of the term codicology and the emphasis on its distinction from palaeography. The concept expanded to include the study of manuscripts in various aspects - from their physical structure to the reception of written culture. Did this influence the development of the discipline in Lithuania? Did it succeed in renewing the codicological research that had begun at the beginning of the 19th century? How did the science of codicology develop in the turbulent 20th century? Why did codicology failed to become the subject of a separate research and is hardly mentioned in Lithuanian science? The answer to these questions is sought through the bibliographies of Lithuanian book studies and history, publications of sources of the period, and the history of Lithuanian scientific institutions. The research enables us to talk about two distinct periods. Between 1918 and 1939, the subjects of bibliography and book history were formed and established in Lithuanian scholarship, while the history of the manuscript book was recorded as the earliest period of Lithuanian book history. The bibliographies, which were started on a national basis, recorded single copies of codices in a variety of languages and included some external features, but the manuscripts did not receive a closer look. V. Biržiška formulated the concept of the history of the manuscript book with a distinction between the Cyrillic and Latin codices. His insights about the poor quality of manuscript books in the GDL were later developed to some extent but remained mainly unchanged until the 1990s, and apparently influenced the subsequent development of research. The first phase can therefore be called the bibliographical period. The second phase covers the period 1945-1990. The end of the Second World War saw the reactivation of academic institutions, the training of a new generation of historians and librarians, the accumulation of manuscript books, and the appearance of individual works on the history of the book. However, we can only speak of codicological research and attention to the manuscript book as a research object since the 1980s. Historians and philologists (S. Lazutka, E. Gudavičius, V. Raudeliūnas, V. Mažiulis, V. Drotvinas), following the work of the scholars of the Vilnius Imperial University in the early 19th century, began to publish sources of writing. The comprehensive study of the First Statute of Lithuania by S. Lazutka and E. Gudavičius, published in 1983, clearly demonstrated the difference between codicology and palaeography. The detailed codicological description, still called palaeography, was used as an auxiliary research method to argue the origin and originality of the text, the history of its functioning and the dating process. Thus, between 1945 and 1990, codicology completely fulfilled its role as an auxiliary science of history. While book studies became an independent discipline in the period under discussion, codicology did not become as a discipline complete in itself. It remained a discipline between book history and palaeography, looking for a place in the structure of Lithuanian science. Although the term codicology was already in use in the scientific world and the concept of the term had expanded considerably, it did not function in Lithuanian science. However, it is significant to note that the studies in which codicology was used as an auxiliary science at the same time developed the topics of book science, raised new questions, and drew attention to new phenomena and cultural connections.

EVERYDAY LIFE OF STUDENTS OF ZHYTOMYR IVAN FRANKO STATE UNIVERSITY DURING THE SOVEIT PERIOD

Abstract
 The purpose of the study is to present the everyday life of students of Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University in the Soviet period from 40th to early 90th years of the 20 century. The methodology of scientific research includes both general scientific and specifically historical methods, first of all oral history method and history of everyday life. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the questions of everyday life of students of the Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University has not been studied separately yet, but only fragmentarily considered in general scientific studies devoted to the history of this educational institution. Therefore, the author suggests expanding the base of research in this direction, including personal recorded testimony. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the daily life of students of the Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University represented socio-economic and cultural features of different decades of the Soviet period. Positive memories and richness of student life are associated not only with studies, but with inclusion in the so-called "cultural and mass" work, the involvement of students in agricultural and other work in the field of industry, a lot of pedagogical practices, and the specifics of daily life in the dormitories. Economic problems seen as temporary, political aspects and the general atmosphere associated with it do not take the main place in the memories of the majority of former students.

Anniversary of the Branch of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University in Kaluga

In 2023, the branch of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University in Kaluga (Kaluga branch of PGUPS) turns 145 years old. An essay on the 145-year history of the educational institution, modern achievements are presented. Over the years of its activity, the technical school has trained more than 20 thousand specialists for the country’s railway transport, machine-building and instrument-making enterprises, and the armed forces. The branch has its own museum, which stores documents about the history of the educational institution, its leaders, employees, students, outstanding graduates and teachers. Museum exhibits and literature together constitute a memorable book. At present, the tradition of succession of generations is being preserved and developed in the branch.

Белорусская национальная идея сквозь призму исторического анализа: этапы, подходы, перспективы

Among the variety of functions of the national idea as an important part of the modernization processes, one can single out its significance as a historical constant, an imperative defining the goals of the national-state organism. From the position of the epistemological ideal, it is possible to analyze and evaluate various national ideas, since the true effectiveness of a national idea depends on its historical adequacy. Within the framework of five stages of the history of the formation and evolution of the Belarusian national idea during the late XVIII – first decades of the XXI century, the last of which is not completed, the cultural and civilizational confrontation of the Polish-Catholic (and later the entire Western) and the Russian-Orthodox world manifested itself. As a result, today there are three competing approaches to the definition of Belarusian national identity – the Western-Russian-pro-Soviet (which has an obvious advantage in terms of rational validity and historical authenticity), the Litvinist and hybrid (dualistic). The complex of the main myths of Litvinism, refuted within the framework of his-torical analysis, includes the concepts of the cultural and state development of Belarus isolated from the rest of the principalities of Ancient Russia in the XI – XIII centuries, the non-Slavic (Baltic) ethnic origin of Belarusians, the great cultural development and a high degree of legal democracy of the Belarusian society under the rule of Lithuania and Poland, its significant linguistic and the cultural difference from Moscow Rus, the decline of the Belarusian lands after their incorporation into the Russian Empire, the genocide of Belarusians on the initia-tive of Moscow in the XVII and XX centuries. The condition for completing the formation of a full-fledged na-tional idea in the Republic of Belarus is the rejection of the artificial construction of parallel history, the use of Western-centric cultural stamps, fetishization of what has no real relation to its national-state formation. A pro-ductive methodological principle of studying the past of Belarus can be the identification of the history of the Belarusian people and the history of Polish-Lithuanian subjects and institutions, as well as an objective as-sessment of the processes and consequences of foreign expansion into its territory.

To the 145th anniversary of the branch of the Rostov State Transport University in Voronezh

This year is the 145th anniversary of the oldest educational institution, founded in 1878 as a railway college in the city of Voronezh. Over the long period of its existence it has undergone several reorganisations and today it is a part of the Rostov State Transport University (RSTU). For almost one and a half hundred years, qualifi ed specialists have been educated here, contributing to the functioning and development of railway transport in Russia.The article is based on the study of archival documents and periodicals concerning the history of the emergence and development of the branch of RSTU in Voronezh. The analysis of materials made it possible to restore the chronology of the history of the educational institution in the context of the main milestones in the development of railway transport from the second half of the 19th century to the present day. The documents obtained from state archives were systematised. For the first time the work with archival documents was carried out to reveal the history of formation and development of educational institutions of the railway industry. The main stages of organisation of the educational institution are defined: its reorganisation in 1922 into a technical school, then into a college and fi nally into a branch of the RSTU in Voronezh. The issues of the role and signifi cance of the educational institution in the life of the city, the region and the country as a whole are considered. The main historical epochs in the life of the educational institution are revealed: the pre-revolutionary stage of development, formation in the pre-war period, the years of The Great Patriotic War and the modern period.

'Vaccines are for children only'? Some institutional roots of popular scepticism about vaccines for COVID-19 in Sierra Leone.

Vaccines for COVID-19 began to be available in Africa from mid-2021. This paper reports on local reactions to the possibility of vaccination in one West African country, Sierra Leone. We show that the history of institutionalisation of vaccine is highly relevant to understanding these reactions. Given lack of testing for the disease, medical authorities could not be sure whether there was a hidden epidemic. In addition, many people associate vaccination with care of children under 5 years, and not adults, and an emphasis on vaccinating the old at first seemed strange and worrying. This paper examines evidence from ethnographic studies in two rural areas selected for varying exposure to Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), supplemented by some interviews in two provincial urban centres, Bo and Kenema. We describe local ideas about vaccination (maklet) and body marking with leaf medicine (tεwi). We asked about attitudes to the idea of COVID-19 vaccination both before and after vaccines were available. A number of reasons were given for scepticism and hesitation. These included lack of experience with vaccines for adults and lack of experience of COVID-19 as a severe disease. Medical evidence suggests the vaccination protects against serious illness, but local people had their own views about control of infection, based both recent experience (notably EVD) and the history and institutionalisation of vaccination and public health measures in Sierra Leone more broadly.

Priority Values of the “Genetic Code” of the Russian Statehood

Under foreign policy pressure, preserving and strengthening the unity of citizens is one of the main tasks of the modern Russian state. Speaking about the challenges facing Russia, first, we are talking about the threat of losing the national and cultural identity of citizens. Ongoing discussions regarding Russia’s self-determination in the system of world and civilizational coordinates, as well as the image of unity in the consciousness of the nation, confirm the need to comprehend the value foundations of the essence of Russian statehood, summarize historical experience and determine the civilizational chronotype. The methodological basis of the research is historical institutionalism. The analysis made it possible to distinguish five priority values of the “genetic code” of Russian statehood: self-identification within the family, the self-perception of an individual as “the owner of his land”, the definition of civil identity as a sense of community with the people and the country, respect for traditions and history, as well as the perception of Russia as a country of global projects. These elements of the “genetic code,” according to the authors, reflect the value core of Russian statehood, and also determine the coordinate system for identifying Russians.

Strategic management of scientific research. Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, 2021. Meda Gâlea

The strategic scientific management of cultural and research institution is put under scrutiny in the paper The strategic management of scientific research [Managementul cercetării științifice] by the author Meda Gâlea. To better improve the strategic scientific management, the author dives into the history of an important Romanian research institute, the Romanian Academy, and into its management style in relation to the research developed. To substantiate the results, and to support the development of the formula that underpins the decision-making process in the management of a scientific institution, the author uses actual scientific literature, corelated with the research carried out among the research and technical staff of the Romanian Academy in Iași. The most important takeaway of this scientific paper is the PRA-nX formula used to facilitate decision making in terms of economic management for better scientific performance.

Institutionalisation of public participation in China's urban regeneration from the perspective of historical institutionalism: Three-stage cases in Guangzhou

Research into public participation in urban regeneration holds a significant position in global urban research, with a considerable body of literature describing the practices of multiple stakeholders' participation in diverse institutional contexts. In the centralised dynamic context for China's urban regeneration, the institutional arrangements and practices of public participation and the evolution processes between them still remain “black boxes”. This paper aims to clarify the institutionalisation process of public participation in China's urban regeneration. Using the historical institutionalism perspective, this research adapts the institutionalisation framework proposed by Burns and Scapens (2000) to the analysis of participatory governance in China's planning context. It analyses three phases of urban regeneration in Guangzhou and provides corresponding case studies for an in-depth analysis. The findings reveal that the success of public participation in urban regeneration varies across phases, mainly due to the degree of government power sharing and the inclusion of non-governmental actors in decision-making through genuinely participative interactions. This research develops an institutionalisation analysis framework and notes that the proposed institutionalisation path only partially applies to public participation in China's urban regeneration. The institutionalisation of public participation from the institutional realm to the realm of action in China's regeneration practices departs from hysteresis, which is the opposite of synchronisation in historical institutionalism. The root cause of this inefficient institutionalisation and its separation from practice is the imbalance in the allocation of power resources. These findings provide institutionalisation insights into the interrelationships between the evolution of policy and practices of public participation.