Institutional Spheres Research Articles

Current challenges and prospective analysis of the Third Sector of Social Action (TSSA) in Spain

This paper analyses the current conditions and future challenges faced by the Third Sector of Social Action (TSSA) in Spain to consolidate itself as an institutional sphere of sustainable welfare and as a strategic actor in the development of social policies. The empirical basis of this work has been obtained with the use of qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, focus groups and the mixed method of Delphi. The use of these methods is aimed at interpreting TSSA leaders’ discourses, the collective voice of Non-governmental organisations (NGO) managers and representatives, and the opinions of experts on: the nature and past development of the sector.This research was carried out under the support of the Mechanism of the European Economic Area 2009-2014, in the framework of the Active Citizenship Programme (Eea Grants) and by the PECOTSAS Project of the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2013-2016 of the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (ref CSO2017-85486-P). The text is structured as follows. First, we analyse the institutional nature of the TSSA and how it has combined powerful organisational growth with an adaptation to what we define as the European logic of the Third Sector (TS) in recent decades. Subsequently, we examine the current conditioning factors of the TSSA’s development in Spain including the impact of the 2008 economic crisis, financing capacity, modes of social action and relations with the State and the private sector companies. Finally, we assess the challenges faced by the TSSA in the coming years in terms of financial and institutional sustainability and its capacity to influence public policies. The results have been useful for the elaboration of the III Strategic Plan of the Third Sector of Social Action (2017-2021

THE INTERPRETATION OF DIVINE WILL AS THE SOURCE OF JEWISH LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POTENTIAL OF HUMAN‘S FREEDOM OF WILL

In the Bible the source of the law is the One God, that is the idea of the transcendence of law has a completely radical expression. The law is based on the will of the Creator God. Society development is considered by experts to be the foundation that objectively leads to the disappearance or change of the old and the emergence of new spheres of regulation, norms, institutions or branches of law. This paradigm of law development applies to Jewish law, but even more so to Jewish law concerns the danger of emasculation and formalization of any religious right over time and the work of interpreters. Thus, some rabbinical structures (such as the Sanhedrin) did not create new laws, but merely interpreted the existing code but their activities led to a change in the qualitative component of this right.

Novosibirsk Oblast: Untapped Potential of Attracting Foreign Direct Investment

The article analyzes problems limiting the inflow of foreign direct investment into the economy of Novosibirsk oblast. Based on statistics and a survey of enterprises, a substantiated conclusion is drawn that the policy of regional authorities aimed at attracting foreign investors in previous years was incoherent and ineffective. In this regard, the authors formulated their proposals aimed at enhancing interactions with foreign investors in the region. These proposals include measures for improving the situation in the institutional, infrastructural, and information spheres.

Start-up Accelerators and Crowdfunding to drive Innovation Development under Thailand 4.0 Policy

This paper attempts to study the mechanisms of start-up accelerators and crowdfunding to support entrepreneurial development in Thailand. In particular, the study explores the major accelerator programmes to support innovation commercialisation and the start-up eco-innovation system. The results have shown the problems of weak Triple Helix system since the interactions among the university, industry and government are not strong enough to drive effective technology commercialisation. Arguably, the accelerator programme should act as an intermediary among the institutional spheres to provide interactive linkages and promote effective utilisation of research results. The empirical study provides insightful implications on the move towards Thailand 4.0 and the lessons of Thailand in stimulating entrepreneurial development which can be applied to other developing economies.

Tutoring students with disabilities at the university (La tutorización de los estudiantes con discapacidad en la universidad)

ABSTRACTUniversity is a place of knowledge and education that is highly appropriate for easing the transition into society and the labour world in a highly technical, specialized society that needs the full involvement of everyone. Our objective is to explore the role that tutoring students with disabilities at university plays in the process towards an inclusive university. Tutoring during admission and continuation at university can facilitate the transition from the paradigm of integration to the paradigm of inclusion, allowing students their inalienable right to belong to the group and not be excluded because of their disability. It is also essential in achieving the objectives inherent to universities and attaining more normalized societies. The incorporation of students with disabilities at university, even if they account for a small percentage of students, is irreversible, positive and on the upswing thanks to the efforts from institutional, academic and associative spheres. The resistance to inclusive universities may mostly come from erroneous conceptualizations and attitudes more than from objective conditions (norms, structures, economic resources, etc.) and explicit discriminatory processes.

Accesibilidad audiovisual en la web: subtitulación en el Parlamento Europeo

This study highlights the importance of accessibility in our current information society, particularly on the Internet. Therefore, we will analyse compliance with the requirements for accessibility to audiovisual content, established by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, on the online television channel EuroparlTV. Furthermore, we will trace the inherent link between web and audiovisual accessibility and describe the subtitles generated by translation professionals in the institutional sphere – in this case, at the European Parliament. To achieve our objective and conduct a systematic and exhaustive study of different aspects of subtitling, we have created and analysed the EMPAC Corpus (EuroparlTV Multimedia Parallel Corpus), which collates the English and Spanish subtitles of the videos broadcast on EuroparlTV between 2009 and 2017.

Para una «operación feminista»: la revuelta en los límites de la eficacidad colonia

This article seeks to propose the notion of revolt as a category of analysis to examine the feminist movement that occurred in May 2018 in Chile. In this sense, from this notion, it will be asked how the colonial efficiency, inscribed in the hetero/racial and oppressive memory of Latin America, can be interrupted by a “feminist operation” evidencing the intersections between power, language, violence and domination. All this to try to show that this has implied the norms in the institutions and that they have been applied at the level of the discourse, the representations and their practices in differents political/cultural and institutional spheres in Chile. To this end, the voices of Chilean women activists of the revolt will be taken to address the issue: how the revolt, as a feminist action to disrupt the patriarchal order, can lift up a practice of emancipation?

Svakodnevica Srba u severnoj Kosovskoj Mitrovici u uslovima nedefinisanog institucionalnog statusa

In this paper the author presents the results of the research of the everyday life of the Serbs in Northern Kosovska Mitrovica in the conditions of the altered socio-political context after the war on Kosovo and Metohija in 1999. The main attention is paid to the status and the functioning of institutions. The aim of the paper is to offer a contribution based on the conceptualization of the ethnographic field work material in order to give the account of the everyday experience of Serbs in Northern Kosovska Mitrovica in the conditions of the undefined institutional relations caused by the withdrawal of Serbian authorities from Kosovo and Metohija, the introduction of an international protectorate and the unilateral declaration of Kosovo independence. The results presented in this paper were obtained from the field research conducted several times from 2011 to 2015 in a total duration of over eight months. The change of social-political context after the war in 1999 led to major structural disruptions in Kosovo and Metohija. These disruptions were felt especially in the institutional sphere, where they reflected in almost all aspects of the everyday life of Serbs in this area. The undefined status of institutions, in this regard, has shown to be one of the key issues in the context of the everyday life of the Serb population in Northern Kosovska Mitrovica. The survival of the Serbian institutions for the Serbs in this town represented a confirmation of the presence of the Republic of Serbia in the North of Kosovo and Metohija, which was an important symbol of identification of the local Serbs with the state they considered their own. These institutions, on the other hand, have been under intense international and Albanian pressure since the war in 1999, i. e. under the constant threat of abolition, which caused a continuous feeling of insecurity among the Serbs in Northern Kosovska Mitrovica and the concerns regarding their own survival. In the conditions of contested legitimacy the Serbs did not accept the imposed instances of international and Kosovo administration, while the international regulatory bodies and Kosovo institutions did not recognize institutions of the Republic of Serbia, considering them "parallel", i. e. illegal. In Northern Kosovska Mitrovica this led to a social situation characterized by the absence of clearly defined authorities, especially in the domain of executive structures, in which the Serbs in this town led their everyday life in a gap between their needs for carrying out various daily practices on the one hand, and on the other the reality interwoven with intricate institutional relations. The Serbs in Northern Kosovska Mitrovica were forced to adapt to living in "parallel" realities, deprived of the "normalcy" of everyday life inherent in organized societies. Yet, even though they learned how to adapt to those circumstances and even how to take advantage of them, such a reality created a number of everyday problems which, in the conditions of general uncertainty, made their situation even more unfavorable.

International Digital Platform as a Tool for the Formation of Cross-Border Research, Educational and Innovation Spaces

The aim of the study is to substantiate design international digital platform as a tool for the formation of cross-border research, educational and innovation spaces. In the current conditions for Ukraine, the greatest potential for economic growth is contained in the innovation and institutional spheres. In turn, mass innovation is impossible without developed scientific and educational spheres, which are its basis. This necessitates the activation and acceleration of innovative, scientific and educational activities in Ukraine, that requires strengthening international cooperation. Among the main problems of the Ukrainian innovation, scientific and scientific space are their Weak integration into the European innovation space. This indicates the presence of untapped potential in this area. A promising tool for integrating Ukrainian innovation, scientific and educational spaces into the corresponding European ones is the creation of a international digital platform that unites governments, business, research organizations, consulting organizations, patent organizations, educational organizations from Ukraine and EU countries. The state of Ukraine has the opportunity to become the creator of such a platform, which can be done in two stages. At the first stage, initiate a platform to unite the Ukrainian innovation, educational and scientific space and one of the EU countries (for example, with Poland), and at the second, connect third countries from among the EU members.

Yeni İngiliz Kolonyalizmi: Çekilme Sonrası İngiltere’nin Basra Körfezi’ndeki Nüfuz Politikası (1971-1991)

Bu çalışma, 1971’de İngiltere’nin Arap Körfez ülkelerindeki himayedarlığının sona ermesi sonrasında eski kolonileri ile 1991 yılına kadar kurduğu ilişkilerini analiz ederek, sömürge dönemindeki bağların yeni döneme ne şekilde yansıdığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çekilme öncesi ve sonrası ilişkilerin durumunu tanımlamak ve karşılaştırabilmek için arşiv belgelerinden, resmi dokümanlardan ve ikincil kaynaklardan yararlanılmış ve bulgular Post-kolonyal teori çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel iddiası; İngiltere’nin kolonyal dönemde inşa ettiği ilişkilerin ve kurduğu siyasi, askeri, ekonomik ve kurumsal bağların yeni dönemin politikasının şekillenmesinde belirleyici olduğu ve bunları yeni döneme adapte eden İngiltere’nin çekilme sonrasında çıkarlarını kolonyal dönemdeki gibi koruduğu; hatta petrol gibi bazı alanlarda bu çıkarları ileri seviyeye taşıdığı yönündedir.

Universality, spectrality, proximity: The cinematic faces of Europe's other

Abstract For a number of scholars, the crisis of European identity is a result of the asymmetry between Europe's universal normative claims and its particular ethnic, cultural and racial contexts. This asymmetry is epitomized by the EU's failure to ratify its legally binding constitution. For others, the same asymmetry constitutes the very condition of being a European. Those envision Europeanness beyond its regulative idea as the ethical injunction of a promise to 'the other'. This article probes the validity of each of these arguments by juxtaposing two groups of films. Gianfraco Rosi's Fire at Sea (2016) and Ai Weiwei's Human Flow (2017) remain committed to the idea of human rights as a universal norm, an idea whose most prominent advocate is Jürgen Habermas. As an alternative to this view, Guido Hendrikx's Stranger in Paradise (2016) and Christian Petzold's Transit (2018) are taken to demonstrate what Jacques Derrida describes as 'hospitality' and 'spectrality'. Based on this analysis, the paper finds both models inadequate to hold together the irreconcilable modalities of the political and the ethical. To address this deficiency, it revisits Levinas' account of 'justice beyond the face' to propose an extension of the ethical view of Europeanness into the spheres of international law and public institutions.

The Dictatorship of Biomedicine in Equatorial Guinea

Author(s): Nve Diaz San Francisco, Carolina | Abstract: This paper offers a critique to the present-day biomedical health care system in Equatorial Guinea. It argues that biomedical care represents a failure to meet its people’s needs. A preliminary research study and the collection of published work and data drawn from observations during 2017 and 2018 concluded that the current Equatoguinean dictatorship has negatively influenced the development and success of biomedicine as a model of equitable and accessible medicine, and quality health care for all. Despite the investments of global health organizations and the government’s commitments, the rates of maternal, child, and infant mortality remain high while the prevalence of endemic and epidemic diseases, such as malaria and HIV/AIDS, continues to rise. In addition, biomedical infrastructures lack committed and caring medical personnel, efficient technological environments, accessible and affordable health care programs, and awareness campaigns that reach out to the population. This paper highlights the reasons why biomedical care in Equatorial Guinea fails to meet its people’s needs. Biomedicine was rooted and developed within a social, political, and economic terrain dominated by colonialism and two consecutive dictatorships. All of the institutional mechanisms that sustain the country are controlled by the head of state. Under the reigns of the head of state, international agencies and non-independent medical institutions lead the practice and development of biomedical care. There is real lack of incentive for Equatoguineans to participate in educational and practical enterprises that may lead to a better understanding of the roles that biomedicine can play in daily life. Health care programs and awareness campaigns fail to reach the population due to a lack of full commitment to involve communities. Biomedical care in Equatorial Guinea constitutes a failure on the part of international agencies and non-independent medical institutions to meet people’s needs, due, first and foremost, to the marginalization of the civil society and other healing systems, as well as to unlawful tendencies to fulfill obligations, limited investment, control over non-independent institutional spheres, disparity in care, and medical and educational maldistribution. This paper intends to foment further investigation into the social, economic, and political contexts of the diseases, endemic illnesses, and epidemics that are currently impacting bodies in Equatorial Guinea. This paper encourages further inquiry into the ways in which learning about perceptions, healthcare-seeking trajectories, and health care systems can support solving health and healthcare problems. The goal is to open debate over possible ways in which medical anthropologists can support rising mechanisms for quality health care, inclusivity, community, and freedom of expression.

Institutions and ideology of managerialism in higher education and science

Reforms in the sphere of higher education and science have significantly changed its institutional structure. Managerialism as a neoliberal ideology was one of the sources of these reforms. Extensive spreading of managerialism stimulated marketization of higher education and science without due regard to professional values and institutions and resulted in the formation of institutional traps. The paper studies the effect of managerialism on the reforms enacted and their outcomes through the prism of discourses between educators and researchers. Methodologically the research rests upon original institutional economics and elements of narrative economics, including quantitative and qualitative analysis of the evolution and transformation of the ideology and theory of managerialism and its effect on management processes in higher education and science. Based on empirical data – questionnaire and in-depth interviews of researchers of the Southern Federal University (Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation) – we explore the way in which they interpret the optimization of higher education and science. We also establish and assess the role of formal and informal mechanisms of state reform and effects of institutional optimization traps in these areas. Institutional traps analyzed through the prism of debates between the main actors display the key characteristics of the institutional sphere of education and science that impede its modernization and prevent it from enhancing its image globally. To make the reception of the reforms more positive, there is a need for constructive dialog between the governing body and subordinate entities and contact between the main actors and reformers.

Забезпечення справедливої винагороди персоналу на рівні інституційного регулювання та нr-менеджменту

Обґрунтовано, що забезпечення справедливої винагороди персоналу вимагає консолідації інституційної сфери механізму державного регулювання (профспілкових організацій як юридично встановлених структур захисту прав працівників; органів державної влади, які через створення умов бізнес-середовища та регламентацію концептуальних засад управління персоналом мотивують роботодавців до відповідних кроків) та HR-менеджменту (роботодавців як суб’єктів господарювання). Деталізовано процес забезпечення справедливої винагороди персоналу за інституційним, функціональним, ресурсним забезпечення, управлінським інструментарієм та поточними управлінськими діями. Охарактеризовано механізм нової системи мотивації та оплати праці персоналу, що включає: диференціацію персоналу; проведення оцінювання посад працівників; вибір системи оплати праці, її форм, видів; вибір системи додаткових пільг і нематеріальної мотивації; формування структури компенсаційних пакетів.

Antropologia feministyczna i historia kobiet a onomastyka – miejsca wspólne (na przykładzie chrześcijańskich imion żeńskich obecnych w nazwach miejscowych)

The article is a fragment of the research project Names as the basis of Polish toponyms, conducted in the Department of Onomastics in the Institute of Polish Language in Kraków. It is also a continuation of the discussion on the opportunities of using the category of gender in onomastics. The aim of the text is to highlight the presence of several Christian female names in structures of Polish toponyms, to describe their frequency, chronology and popularity. The author indicates various cultural and social factors facilitating (or not) the use of such toponyms in Poland. She interprets the creation of such toponyms (especially later) as a sign of increasing presence of women in the public and institutional sphere. The interpretation framework of this anthroponymic and toponymic material includes feminist anthropology and historical anthropology (especially the history of women).

Editorial

This paper analyzes the relationship between social movements, state and government, from the theoretical perspective proposed by Rene Zavaleta, on the basis of his concepts of 'primary form' and 'constitutive moment'. Based on fieldwork with observation and in-depth interviews with two social movements, one of them autonomist and the other one national-popular, the result of the analysis confirms the profound reformulation in the relationship between social movements and State which took place since the institutional relegitimation that occurred under the governments of Nestor Kirchner and Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner between 2003 and 2015 in Argentina. Hence the article concludes that, beyond the political-ideological inscription of social movements, the kirchnerist phase constitutes itself as a new 'constitutive moment' in the relationship between State and social movements, changing strategic and tactical aspects of the relationship of these movements regarding the institutional sphere.

Fostering Human Capital Development Through the Triple Helix Model of Innovation: Cases from Selected Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs) in Metro Manila

This study attempts to provide a modest contribution in the field of public administration by giving emphasis on human capital development which can be made possible through industry-academe-government collaboration otherwise known as the triple helix model of innovation. This model shows the dynamics arising from the interactions between the three principal institutional spheres in an economy – academe, government, and industry. The study examines the various partnership initiatives of identified Local Colleges and Universities (LCUs) in Metro Manila aimed at producing better quality graduates who can contribute to economic development. Using desk study and Key Informants Interview (KII) in gathering data, it was found out that LCUs are already into various engagements with the industry though still very limited as the usual partnership modes cited are on internship, scholarship, physical resources sharing, and faculty training. There are only few programs jointly designed by the university and industry with government participation but can be a good benchmark for other LCUs and local government units. The study draws the following suggestions for policy consideration: to promote triple helix model of innovation in human capital development programs; flexibility to design courses relevant to the community; government incentives for companies collaborating with universities; institutionalization of industry practitioners involvement in curriculum development; provision of timely and usable labor market data; and creation of LCUs particularly in the provinces and capacitating them using the triple helix model.

Distributed agency, responsibility and preventing grave wrongs

Despite the theoretical uptake of ontological schemas that do not tie agency uniquely to individual humans, these new ontological geographies have had little penetration when it comes to designing institutions to prevent grave wrongs. Moreover, our persistent intuitions tie agency and responsibility to individuals within a figuration of blame. This article seeks to connect new materialist and actor network theories with the design of institutions that seek to prevent torture. It argues that although research into the causes and conditions of torture points to the inadequacy of agent-centric explanations, the preponderance of prevention interventions emphasize the role of individual human agents. New materialist and ANT approaches could afford a rich theoretical underpinning for prevention approaches by addressing the broad ecology of causal factors. Drawing on Spinoza, the article considers the affective impediments to the uptake of understandings and their correlate practices that require moving beyond agent-centric explanations for grave wrongs. So long as anger, indignation and blame colonize the individual and broader institutional spheres, they will almost inevitably bind us to a particular type of inadequate causal analysis and make other types of preventative responses appear as derelictions of our duty to hold wrongdoers responsible for their acts.

Acoples y desacoples del Estado y la nación. Las políticas del Estado boliviano hacia sus emigrados/as (1982-2006)

A partir de analizar el caso de la vinculación del Estado boliviano con sus emigrados/as en el período que se extiende entre la recuperación democrática en 1982 y la asunción de Evo Morales como presidente en 2006, este artículo busca problematizar desde una perspectiva situada y sustantiva cómo interactúan las dimensiones formal y cultural en la delimitación de la pertenencia al Estado nacional de las personas. Abordando las principales políticas migratorias y del servicio exterior de Bolivia, las prácticas de las agencias consulares de ese país en la Argentina y sus vinculaciones con las personas de esa nacionalidad en la región, nuestra pretensión es discutir concepciones que consideran a las relaciones entre nación, Estado y ciudadanía como lineales, constituidas en un espacio homogéneo normativamente definido, entendiendo que la atención a la legislación migratoria y a las posibilidades del ejercicio formal de la política agotan la problemática. Al problematizar las vinculaciones e imbricaciones entre las diferentes modalidades de la pertenencia -y sus propias ambivalencias y contradicciones-, apuntamos a reconocer formas de participación liminar a partir de las que, a pesar de mantener una vinculación formal débil con las esferas institucionales, los sujetos pueden constituir experiencias y reivindicaciones que repercutan en transformaciones normativas.

Start-Up Accelerators and Crowdfunding to Drive Innovation Development

This article attempts to study the mechanisms of start-up accelerators and crowdfunding to support entrepreneurial development in Thailand. In particular, the study explores the major accelerator programs to support innovation commercialization and the start-up eco-innovation system. The results show the problems of a weak triple helix system: The interactions among universities, industry and government are not strong enough to drive effective technology commercialization. Arguably, the accelerator program should act as an intermediary among the institutional spheres to provide interactive linkages and promote effective utilization of research results. The empirical study provides insightful implications on the move toward Thailand 4.0 and the lessons Thailand can offer on stimulating entrepreneurial development that can be applied to other developing economies. TOPICS:Emerging markets, private equity, factor-based models Key Findings • The Thai government has established the start-up eco-innovation system so as to transition to a new economic model of Thailand 4.0. • The Thai government has adopted the US model in building the start-up eco-innovation system. • The effective start-up eco-innovation system in Cambridge, USA is mainly fueled by strong Triple Helix interactions.