Institutional Characteristics Research Articles

DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS IN DETERMINING THE DIFFERENTIATING FACTORS OF BLENDED LEARNING SUCCESS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Blended learning has become an increasingly popular approach in the educational field because it combines traditional/conventional learning with digital technology-based learning. However, the success of implementing blended learning in educational institutions can be influenced by various different factors depending on the characteristics of the educational institution. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the differentiating factors that influence the success of blended learning in educational institutions. The discriminant analysis method in this study was used to identify and determine the differentiating factors that distinguished the high success blended learning group from the low success group. Research data was collected from various educational institutions that have implemented blended learning in their curricula. The results of the analysis show that there are several significant differentiating factors between the high and low success groups in applying blended learning. Some of these factors include Implementation Standards and Guidelines, Infrastructure and Technology mastery, Learning Strategy, Human Resources, Learning Content and Learning Environment. This research makes an important contribution to the development of more effective blended learning implementation strategies in educational institutions. By understanding the differentiating factors that influence success, educational institutions can increase their efforts to create a conducive learning environment and improve the quality of student learning outcomes.

The Innovative Theory of Power and State of Marsilius of Padua

The thought of Marsilius of Padua is full of interesting suggestions which represent real theoretical innovations in his time. This article, using a theoretical approach that focuses on conceptual analysis in a diachronic key, aims to highlight the innovative perspectives proposed by the political philosopher by comparing them with some of the most important later developments in modern political thought and, in particular, the democratic theory of power, which is based on some essential concepts, such as the secular character of institutions, the designation of the people as sovereign, the separation of powers, and the limitation of government.

Unearthing green potential: Assessing the state of managed urban landscape curricula in Minnesota's higher education institutions

AbstractAs urbanization increases, managed urban landscapes are frequently the mode through which people experience nature and where careers in natural resources are increasing. There is a lack of knowledge related to curricula and programs where students are exposed to managed urban landscapes and careers related to them. We aimed to evaluate the current status of managed urban landscape curricula (MULC) in undergraduate programs in Minnesota through a systematic investigation of programs and courses at higher education institutions. All undergraduate courses offered by included higher education institutions were reviewed to determine the presence, absence, or possibility of MULC based on the course's publicly available descriptions and were combined with departmental and institutional characteristics to identify patterns of MULC across the state. Only about 1% of over 50,000 courses reviewed contain MULC. Courses with MULC were concentrated in public doctoral‐level institutions and in departments such as biology and environmental studies, however MULC courses were found at 94% of included institutions and across 60 different departments. While the number of courses with MULC was minimal, courses with the possibility of including MULC show there are ample opportunities for MULC to be added to existing courses, especially core requirements such as introductory biology or a survey of environmental science in the state of Minnesota and more broadly.

An Evidence-Based Framework for Medical Student Research Training.

As research becomes an increasingly important component of medical education, there is greater emphasis on incorporating programmatic enhancements to the research experience. This study builds a logic model to summarize research program inputs, outputs, and outcomes from research-oriented medical schools across the country, providing a framework that institutions can use to design and improve their medical student research training programs. Between November 2021 and February 2022, we administered a survey assessing institutional characteristics, research offerings, curriculum, funding, and student scholarly products to the medical schools ranked 1-50 in research in 2021 by US News and World Report. Results were compiled in the form of a logic model. Thirty-seven institutions (72.5%) responded. Common program inputs included personnel such as at least one funded program director (97.3%), while funding for medical student research activities was highly variable (8-72%). There was much less funding for faculty research mentors (2.7%), advisors (18.9%), and teaching faculty (29.7%). Common outputs included a medical student research office or program (97.3%), formal research curricula (83.8%), and services and programs such as research day (91.9%). The most common outcomes tracked were publications (48.6%), presentations/posters (43.2%), student participation (29.7%), and completion of a research requirement(29.7%). Common themes in medical student research training programs may be conceptualized with a logic model that schools can use to develop, evaluate, and iteratively improve their programs. Institutions should consider their desired program outcomes prior to designing inputs (e.g., funding, personnel) and outputs (e.g., curriculum, training). The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-024-02001-3.

‘J’accuse!’: whistleblowing, critical citizenship and the EU directive on whistleblowers’ protection

ABSTRACT Despite the enactment of legislation on public interest disclosures, whistleblowers still face significant retaliation. Perceptions and expectations of loyalty to a firm, organisation or a government continue to be seen as antithetical to ‘voice’, that is, the disclosure of wrongdoing, thereby triggering strategies of organisational exit and punishment. Real change can occur if whistleblowing is elevated to a civic duty of equal importance to other civic duties, such as to protect and defend the rule of law, human rights and democracy and to report suspected criminality to authorities. In this article, I justify whistleblowing on a good citizenship concept which transcends particular national institutional characteristics and critically examine the content and contribution of the European Union’s Directive on Whistleblower protection. By deploying a tripartite lens blending analytical questions and a discoursive theoretical perspective with a comparative assessment of instruments in the Member States and the EU, the discussion makes the case for the urgent change in the culture of punitive treatment of whistleblowers in the European Union and for further institutional reform when the Directive is reviewed in the future.

Linking institutional context to the community and career embeddedness of skilled migrants: The role of destination- and origin-country identifications

Migration is one of the most pressing global issues of our time. However, relatively little is known about the factors and mechanisms that govern the post-migration experiences of skilled migrants. We adopt an acculturation- and social identity-based approach to examine how differences between institutional characteristics in the destination and origin country, as well as migrants’ experiences with formal and informal institutions shape their identification with the destination and origin country and contribute to their community and career embeddedness. Our study of 1709 highly skilled migrants from 48 origin countries in 12 destination countries reveals that the institutional environment migrants encounter provides both sources of opportunity (potential for human development and value-congruent societal practices) and sources of disadvantage (experienced ethnocentrism and downgrading). These contrasting dynamics affect migrants’ destination-country identification, their origin-country identification and, ultimately, their embeddedness in the destination country. Our results have important implications for multinational enterprises and policy makers that can contribute to enhancing skilled migrants’ community and career embeddedness. For example, these actors may nurture a work environment and provide supportive policies that buffer against the institutional sources of disadvantage we identified in this study, while helping migrants to leverage the opportunities available in the destination country.

Associations between nurse characteristics, institutional characteristics and perceived nurse knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting suspected child abuse and neglect.

To determine the association between nurse and institutional characteristics and perceived professional nurse knowledge and self-efficacy of reporting child abuse and neglect. A sample of N = 166 nurses were recruited to respond to the Reporting of Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect (RSCAN) survey. A multiple linear regression examined whether nurse characteristics and institutional characteristics were associated with the two RSCAN survey domain scores. Perceived knowledge of a workplace child abuse and neglect protocol was associated with the knowledge subscale. Education and child abuse and neglect expertise were significant predictors of the self-efficacy subscale. Nurses with a master's or higher degree and those who identified as being either forensic, paediatric or Emergency Department nurses, had less perceived institutional barriers to self-efficacy of reporting child abuse and neglect. This study provides a preliminary insight into the institutional barriers and facilitators of nurses as child abuse and neglect mandated reporters. To encourage innovative education and collaborations to support nurses as fully informed child abuse and neglect mandated reporters. This research identifies the gaps and facilitators of nurses as child abuse and neglect mandated reporters to inform healthcare professionals and academic institutions on the importance of nurse education and experience in nurse knowledge and self-efficacy in reporting suspected child abuse and neglect. The authors of this study have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines: STROBE. There is no patient or public contribution as the study only looked at nurses.

Forging Qur'anic Character: A School Principal Leadership Model-Insights

School principals are essential in shaping the Qur'anic character of the educational institutions they lead. This research is categorized as multi-case field research with data described descriptively. The main instrument of this research is the researcher, who explores data using three methods: interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique is carried out in two stages: individual case data analysis and cross-case data analysis. The researcher draws the following conclusions: First, the principal leadership model in two institutions: a) inclusive low profile model, b) social helpful model, and c) equilibrium structure model. Second, the school principal's strategic steps in forming Qur'anic character: a) integration of subjective spiritual and objective skills, b) implementation of organic spiritual collectivity strategies, and c) internalization of active, positive religiosity values. Third, students' Qur'anic character is formed through the leadership of the school principal: a) assimilation of spiritual values, b) exploration of dimensions of faith, c) contextualization of the Qur'an, d) planned disciplinary management, and e) religious inspiration in education This research provides the following theoretical implications: a) through the leadership model that is built, the principal, spiritual leader influences school culture in the formation of student character, b) the leadership model of the two school principals becomes a role model in the formation of students' Qur'anic character through the program. joint school activity program.

Homophily and its effects on collaborations and repeated collaborations: a study across scientific fields

This study examines the influence of homophily on research collaborations across all scientific fields, noting the role of ascribed, acquired, geographical, current career, and educational and career history attributes. Our analysis builds on previous studies by adopting a comparative approach across scientific fields and examining the effect of homophily on repeated collaborations. Our findings reveal physical proximity as a universal driver of collaboration across all scientific fields, both for overall collaborations and as a maintainer of collaborative endeavors. We also note that most attributes that are responsible for overall collaborations are similar to the attributes that play a role in maintaining them, with a few exceptions, notably when it comes to institutional characteristics. Our results also show the complex role of career history attributes, such as job variety and international mobility, in influencing the likelihood of collaboration. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay of different attributes in shaping scientific collaborations, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach in future homophily studies and nuanced strategies for fostering collaborations across different scientific fields.

The transformative potential of experimentation as an environmental governance approach: The case of the Dutch peatlands

AbstractGovernance of societal transformations toward sustainability is needed to address the fundamental system failures responsible for environmental problems. Possible transformation pathways range from radical shifts to more incremental change. Experimentation is seen as a form of incremental change, but its actual transformative potential is debated. The transformative potential of experimentation is especially questionable for environmental problems characterizing a “creeping crisis” because this problem type is not particularly a lever for social change. Our empirical research contributes to this debate by systemically evaluating the significance (degree of change) and sufficiency (reach of change) of experiments relating to an environmental problem characterizing a creeping crisis that appears to be predominantly governed through experimentation: land subsidence in Dutch peatlands. We found that experiments have indeed proved to be significant for local regime actors because most have tested technical innovations that kept the overall land use system intact. However, experimentation was less significant in terms of reflecting the complexity of environmental problems; that would require a more diverse set of technical, social, legal, and planning experiments from which the strategy most suitable for specific landscape contexts could be determined. We also found signs of accumulation of outcomes, but whether this eventually initiates transformative change or creates a technological lock‐in can only be determined with longitudinal research. To enhance the transformative potential of experimentation, particularly as a governance approach for creeping crises, attention must be paid to actor and institutional features since they shape experiments. Hence, we conclude with design principles for transformative experimentation.

Social Entropy: An Information Measure of Institutional Complexity

Information theory has impacted disciplines across science and technology, including the 20th century’s IT revolution. However, information theory has been applied much less to the social sciences and has not been applied at all to theoretical social psychology. While information-based statistical programs are used to analyze data across social disciplines, information theory has not been used to analyze social structure and the self as an informational process related to the conflict reducing characteristics of institutions. The present paper addresses this gap by suggesting Shannon information as a measure of the complexity within institutional settings in relation to the formally rationalizing drives of industrialized societies in contrast to the informal social control experienced in simpler societies. The paper analyzes social theory related to institutional complexity from several disciplines arguing that it is synonymous with information as suggested by Shannon. A post structural methodology for measurement of social complexity and directions for future research are suggested.

Speech Melody Research as the Interdisciplinary Foundation of the Petrograd Institute of the Living Word

The assumption of similarity between artistic speech melody and music was deeply rooted in Russian Symbolism and based on the culturally established analogy between poetry/lyrical prosody and music. This connection was the basis for a wide range of performative practices focused on performed word such as the experiments of director Vsevolod Meyerhold and composer Mikhail Gnesin in Petrograd theater studios in 1900–1910s, and the collective declamation of Vasilii Serezhnikov and Vsevolod Vsevolodskii-Gerngross. However, after the October revolution, this analogy not only inspired new artistic paths, but also new approaches in humanities. This article explores the correlation between a practice-based strategy and advanced theory that characterized the structure and curricula of the Petrograd Institute of the Living Word (Institut zhivogo slova; 1918–1924). Its specific institutional features affected the development of disciplines in the fields of linguistics, poetics, and literary studies. The earlier period of its work (1918–1921) was defined by the search for common ground, which could unite representatives of different disciplines. The study of the melody of speech, which this article is focused on, became one of the key joint research projects of the Institute’s team. It is the perspective of the Institute of the Living Word’s research projects and performance-related art practices that is used for analysis of the Russian Formalist approaches in the 1910s–20s, specifically articles and books of philologist Boris Eikhenbaum on the melody and composition of verse intonation.

Learning from positive deviants in fisheries

AbstractDespite progress in the management of assessed fish populations, many countries lag behind international commitments to restore overexploited stocks to healthy abundances. Here we use a mixed‐methods positive deviance approach, also known as ‘bright spot’ analysis, to understand what drives the successful governance of exploited species by learning from positive outliers, or ‘deviants’. We use Canada as a case study, identifying factors driving the abundance of 230 commercially exploited fish and invertebrate populations, of which only 28% were classified at healthy abundance in 2022. We first applied a generalized linear model to test how diverse socio‐ecological fishery attributes relate to stock health. We found healthier stocks are positively and significantly correlated with certain management regions, more selective gears, eco‐certification, and high fishery value. Counterintuitively, healthier stocks were also associated with high inherent fishing vulnerability and the absence of reference points. We then used fishery expert surveys and interviews to investigate the social and institutional characteristics of stocks healthier than expected, given their circumstances. We found that fisheries targeting these positive outliers have lower conflict among users, balanced stakeholder involvement in data collection and decision‐making, and improved accounting of mortality sources. Lessons from these positive deviants can be applied to improve underperforming management systems that are struggling to reverse overexploitation in Canada and elsewhere. More generally, we suggest that a positive deviance approach, already used in public health, could be a promising tool to learn about successful fisheries management interventions, and the diverse actors responsible for ensuring these interventions are successful.

Regional emergency networks: how organizations shape technological collaborations under extreme conditions

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to undertake explorative research and present propositions that would identify the drivers of regional emergency networks, i.e. regional technological collaborative agreements under extreme conditions. Based on previous studies on emergency management, we empirically evaluate how 49 organizations built 53 technological cooperative agreements within the context of COVID-19. We consider individual, dyadic and whole network level variables to build on theory about how these emergency networks are created. We propose that emergency networks are developed under embedded relationships, with physically proximate partners that are also indirectly connected. Secondly, we establish that emergency networks are characterized by heterarchical leadership with lower density connections between many different partners. Finally, we deliberate on the role of partner diversity in developing emergency networks, establishing alternative propositions based on the similarity in innovative capacity and institutional character of the partners.

How ‘co’ can you go? A qualitative inquiry on the key principles of co-creative research and their enactment in real-life practices

ABSTRACT This paper aims to gain a better understanding of co-creative research key principles and their enactment in real-life practices. The study is based on interviews and a focus group with academic researchers and professionals (n = 16) involved in eight co-creative research projects funded by the Brussels Regional Institute for Research and Innovation (Innoviris). The study demonstrates the tension between respondents’ understanding of the key principles of co-creative research (e.g. a transformative aim, considering the community as actors, shared ownership, valuing experiential knowledge) and the power issues they face related to a ‘project-funding’ and ‘academic research’ logic when enacting those principles in real-life practices. This paper concludes that although dealing with power relations is inherent in co-creative research, power imbalances should be questioned on the level of (1) the linear, limited and inflexible nature of ‘project-funding’ logics and (2) the exclusive character of research methods, settings and institutions in ‘academic research’ logics. Finally, introducing a political and emancipatory dimension in co-creative research can contribute to reducing the gap between principles and their enactment in real-life practices.

Labour market insecurity and volunteering in the European Union: policy suggestions for job security

PurposeThere is extensive literature on the determinants of job tenure insecurity. However, very little is known about the individual drivers of labour market insecurity. Additionally, while a piece of literature shows that volunteering improves workers' income, no study considers volunteering as an activity which could help workers to feel more confident about their perception of labour market insecurity if they lost or resigned their jobs. Therefore, purpose of this paper is to study whether workers who volunteer are less likely to perceive labour market insecurity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs data from the sixth European working conditions survey which provides a great deal of information on working conditions. For the empirical investigation, probit model as well as robustness analysis have been implemented.FindingsResults show that employees who do voluntary activities have a greater likelihood of declaring perceived labour market insecurity, which is nearly 3 percentage points lower, than employees who do not volunteer. Findings suggest that governments need to improve the relationship between for-profit and non-profit sectors to encourage volunteering.Originality/valueThis is the first study which considers volunteering as an activity which could help workers to feel more confident about their perception of “labour market insecurity”. Most of the studies on “labour market insecurity” do not focus on the workers individual characteristics but mainly on the labour markets institutional characteristics and welfare regimes differences.

Beyond workplace democracy: Prefiguring non-capitalist social reproduction within Marx's communist horizon

This contribution argues that, in order to foster a more socially just and sustainable economy and society, management and organization studies need to embrace novel, alternative forms of organizing the economy and society. We first discuss how the scholarship on workplace democracy, which promotes more participatory governance in firms and cooperatives, fails to acknowledge that exploitation and dispossession are constitutive features of capitalist institutions. As these institutions need to abide by the imperative of capital accumulation, they cannot be redeemed. Instead, we propose that our social reproduction should be organized through alternative non-capitalist economic practices. We point to the key role of prefiguration in envisioning alternatives to capitalism, and plead for embedding prefiguration within a ‘communist horizon' based on the Marxist principle ‘from each according to their possibilities to each according to their needs'. We conclude with a call for bringing alternative economies to the core of management and organization studies, in view of expanding our current understanding of the economy beyond capitalism, as a means to sustain life on this planet rather than for capital accumulation.

Institutional characteristics of education systems and inequalities: Introduction III

This is the third and final of multiple themed issues of International Journal of Comparative Sociology ( IJCS) dedicated to the question of how education systems shape educational inequalities in terms of systematic variations access to and uptake of education along certain axes of inequality such as social origin, gender, and immigrant background. While the previous introductions dealt with the research program, conceptual background, and methodological challenges in the study of the link between institutional characteristics of education systems and educational inequalities (Introduction I) as well as with the state-of-research (Introduction II), this third and final introduction is dedicated to discuss certain research desiderata in terms of an outlook with an eye on the latest major studies in this vibrant research field.

Prevalence and correlates of self-reported access to a gun among students at 24 postsecondary institutions by sex and gender identity

Objective Estimate prevalence and identify correlates of self-reported access to a gun among college students. Participants Degree seeking students never serving in the military at 24 postsecondary institutions participating in ACHA-NCHA III during spring of 2020 and 2021 (N = 17,293) stratified by ciswomen, cismen, and transgender/gender nonconforming. Methods Independent variables included measures of individual-level risk behaviors and experiences including interpersonal violence, mental health issues, and current and lifetime substance use. Individual-level demographics, indicators of institutional affiliation, and institutional characteristics used as controls. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests of independence, and adjusted odds ratios are reported. Results About 14% (n = 2,349) of sample self-reported access. Students’ involvement with multiple different risk behaviors and experiences increased the odds of access. Conclusions Access is a prerequisite to firearm use and resulting on-campus assaults, suicides, and homicides. Additional research on access prevalence, location and type of firearm being accessed, and the correlates of access is needed.

Special Autonomy Policy of Papua Province

Papua Province has a special regulation that regulates the sustainability of the wheels of government in Papua Province, namely the Special Autonomy of Papua Province. Law number 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy of Papua which has been amended into Law Number 2 of 2021 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for Papua Province. Provide traffic for Papua Province to carry out special autonomy. Referring to this explanation, the author is interested in being able to conduct a study on the Special Autonomy Policy of Papua Province. This research uses Qualitative techniques with Snow Ball Technique research informants. The conclusions of the research results are as follows: Special autonomy policy has not been implemented effectively. Limitations of policy implementation in satisfying (1) the interests of affected parties, (2) the types of benefits received, (3) the expected rate of change, (4) the location of decision making, (5) program implementers, and (6) resource commitments, theoretically, indicate a lack of intended optimality. In addition, deficiencies were identified in (7) estimating player strength; (8) foresee the interests of actors; (2009) predicted the tactics of the actors; 10) foresee regime and institutional features; (11) estimating compliance; and (12) estimate the response. In practice, the implementation of special autonomy policies has improved the Human Development Index of Papua Province. There are three types of obstacles that hinder Papua Province's efforts in implementing the special autonomy policy and improving the Human Development Index: structural, cultural, and conditional. Structural constraints are caused by the power dynamics of the political elite as well as the work culture, leadership, and mindset of the bureaucratic apparatus, most of which are KKKN. Cultural limitations are a result of the scarcity of human, social, and traditional resources that have been deeply embedded in the daily lives of indigenous Papuans. Conditional restrictions are restrictions caused by poverty caused by limitations, community decline, and remote locations. resources with an individual focus