Advanced Institute Research Articles

Sustainable Competitive Advantages via Temporary Advantages: Insights from the Competition between American and Chinese Digital Platforms in China

AbstractThe world's most valuable public companies today are built on digital platforms. While American digital platforms (ADPs) have successfully dominated many international markets, some Chinese digital platforms (CDPs) have managed to survive and thrive in China, with European digital platforms (EDPs) largely absent both at home and abroad. Using comprehensive longitudinal data over 6 years, this study examines the platform competition between ADPs and CDPs in China, and explores how digital platforms challenge traditional ways of thinking about strategy and international competition. Some ADPs initially dominated the Chinese market, but some CDPs used their institutional advantages in China to offset the competitive advantages of ADPs based on superior resources and capabilities and strong market positions. Their competition evolved over three distinctive episodes so far, and CDPs used successive temporary advantages to achieve sustainable competitive advantages dynamically and accomplished radical changes cumulatively through incremental changes. A new dynamic equilibrium model of platform competition – ‘the spiral model’ – between global and native digital platforms is developed, which highlights a trajectory that is different from the dominant models of change in the literature. Limitations of the study and new areas for future research are highlighted.

Exams or applications? Elite Taiwanese students’ perceptions and navigation of college admissions systems

Studies often portray elite students as self-interested adolescents who justify educational selection systems that favor them. However, this perspective neglects critiques of the college admissions system on the part of the elite, who often have no other option than to support it as fulfilling the ideals of fairness. This study examines academic elite students’ perceptions of college admissions systems when they are given choices as to which system to use. Data for this study come from surveys, interviews, and participant observation in Taiwan, where students are selected through two systems: exam-based selections and application-based selections. The findings show that students in elite high schools perceive whichever system that benefits them to be the fairest. By narrowly defining fairness as family influence on admission outcomes, these students downplay the institutional advantages they enjoy and present themselves as deserving candidates. Using the example of elite Taiwanese students, this study highlights that elites justify privilege based on self-interest and strategically navigate admissions systems to accrue advantages.

Research on Institutional Advantages and Dilemma of Contemporary Chinese Public Participation in Public Administration

Based on the background that China is accelerating socialist administrative management reform with Chinese characteristics, this paper selects public participation in public administration as a research object and outlines the existing institutional arrangement of public participation in public administration. By focusing on the institutional advantages and dilemma of Chinese public participation in public administration, the paper analyzes from the national macro level, local government medium level and grassroots micro level and further proposes the suggestions on the ways to promote Chinese public participation in public administration.

"An Analysis of Application of Natural Language Processing in Enhancing Education"

NLP (Natural Language Processing) is an intriguing technique for improving educational settings. In educational modelling, actualizing NLP entails beginning path toward learning via regular acquisition. It is dependent on operative methods in providing answers to numerous training problems. Conventional Processing allows for organization in a broad variety of areas linked to language learning's social & social context. It's a proven approach for instructors, students, authors, & teachers to assist with producing, analysis, & evaluation methods. NLPis widely used in a wide range of educational institutions, including research, phonetics, eLearning, & assessment modelling, & it leads to good outcomes in or educational organizations, such as schools, advanced education institutes, & colleges. Purpose of this article is to discuss process of acquiring a common language & its implementation in educational institutions. Study approach also discusses how NLP may be utilized in conjunction with logical PC projects to enhance training process. Subjective approach is pursued in research methodology. Information is collected from auxiliary assets in order to identify problems that teachers & students have in comprehending environment due to language barriers. Findings show that traditional apparatuses, such as language, sentence structure, & printed designs, are viable in educational settings for learning & assessment.

On the superiority of the socialist system from controlling diseases to ensuring People’s health

Since the founding of new China, the Communist Party of China has adhered to the ruling concept of “people as the center”, and led the people of the whole country and opened the road of health development with Chinese characteristics. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China in 2021, China has made great achievements in health care. This paper reviews the history and achievements of China in the fields of disease prevention and control, strengthening people's constitution and improving life expectancy, it proves the consistent ruling concept of the Communist Party of China and highlights the institutional advantages of socialism.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: HISTORICAL CONTEXT, IMPORTANCE AND ITS FORMS OF PROTECTION

The present work, “Intellectual Property: Historical Context, importance and its forms of protection” is a chapter of the Course Conclusion research, entitled: “Intellectual Property and the different forms of protection: perspectives of legal support and performance”, has for the purpose of studying the Intellectual Property Institute, its protection system, its influence in the different fields of law and its relationship with Intellectual Property and in particular: To collect and record data that present the different conceptions about Intellectual Property and the different forms of protection. Also, its contribution to society, its relevant social function, the incentive to research, innovation and creation, with industry, the economy, the university and human creation as bridges to consolidate the Institute. In relation to the research proposal, the object of study is the “Intellectual Property Institute”, with the objective of Investigating which important contributions Intellectual Property can provide, both for society and for the scientific, social, economic field, professionally and legally as it is supported, through research in different sources and updated. Thus, having the following problem: What important contributions can Intellectual Property provide, both for society, and for the scientific and operational field? The research methodology is based on bibliographic research and the method used is the narrative literary review, which is a qualitative and descriptive research. It was possible to notice a great doctrinal and jurisprudential clash regarding the researched object and the system of its protection. However, it was also possible to detect the relevant importance of this institute for advancement: social, economic, cultural and if it is possible to manifest it, the perception of a study and hybrid knowledge that permeates several fields of activity and domain, in addition to Law.

Is there an advantage of emergingness? A politico-regulatory perspective

The source(s) of competitive advantage of emerging-economy multinational enterprises (MNEs) remains a puzzle in international strategy scholarship, with some arguing that such firms are at a disadvantage compared to developed-economy rivals. Drawing on the concept of institutional advantage and using a sample of 233 foreign subsidiaries operating in 25 emerging economies over the period of 2000–2017, we find that foreign subsidiaries of emerging-economy MNEs are more adept than foreign subsidiaries of developed-economy MNEs at deploying their fixed asset management capabilities in emerging-economy host countries, especially when host-country politico-regulatory institutions are underdeveloped. Likewise, we find that subsidiaries of emerging-economy MNEs are more adept at deploying their tax planning capabilities when host-country politico-regulatory institutions become increasingly volatile. We discuss how these findings contribute to scholarly thought regarding the performance of emerging-economy MNEs.

Structure of Oncological Pathology and Survival of Patients with Malignant Tumors of the Eye and Adnexa (C69) Taking into Account Sex, Age and Histological Characteristics (Population Study)

Objective. In February 2019, we completed work on creating a unified database of the population cancer registry of the NorthWestern Federal district of the Russian Federation. The development of data on the material of a large area significantly increases the reliability of the material under study, especially for RARE localities of malignant tumors, which include tumors of the eye and and adnexa.For the first time in Russia to present an analysis of the effectiveness of anti-cancer activities in relation to malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69) at the Federal district level with calculations of 5-year survival rates of patients taking into account sex, age and histological structure of tumors.Methods. The development of the 5-year survival rate of patients with malignant tumors of the eye (C69) included information from the database created by us Population cancer register of all administrative territories of the North-Western Federal district of Russia for the period from 1999 to 2013, more than 1000 observations (1022).Results. The study revealed a positive dynamics of survival in patients of the North-Western Federal district of Russia with malignant tumors of the eye. The 5-year survival rate increased among males from 58.8 to 63.1 %, and among females from 64.7 to 69.6 %. A significant overestimation of the proportion of early stages among primary patients with malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69) was found, which may be due to medical errors. Calculations of patient survival (with careful tracking of the deceased) allow us to get a more objective picture.Conclusion. Excellent achievements in the treatment of patients of advanced research centers and institutes can be welcomed only if similar successes are recorded at the population level and are available to all patients. Our in-depth development of population data in the Federal district confirmed the success in the treatment of patients with the malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69), and the patterns we found first in the database of the Population cancer register of St. Petersburg, and now in the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. Similar studies in other Federal districts could be an important component in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of anti-cancer measures in relation to the malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (C69).

Rational Reflection in the Post-epidemic Era: Institutional Advantages and Improvement of Governance Efficiency

Currently, the national epidemic prevention and control is still facing the challenges of secondary risk stacking, coordinated optimization of multi-party governance resources, and effective conversion of normal and abnormal conditions. Therefore, systematic thinking should be established in the normalized precision prevention and control and local emergency response, prevention and control should be implemented in accordance with the law, and source governance should be strengthened so as to overcome the risk challenges and improve governance efficiency.

The Effect of Knowledge Management on the Competitive Advantage A Field Study on a Sample of Algerian Institutions

This study aims to measure the impact of knowledge management on the competitive advantage in some Algerian institutions in order to know the role that knowledge management play in improving the competitive advantage. For this purpose a questionnaire was prepared of 32 units, 30 of which were retrieved suitable for analysis. The questionnaire included 77 questions, 38 of them related to knowledge management and the rest related to competitive advantage. It was found that knowledge management is significantly affected the competitive advantage which calls for the institutions studied to give more attention to knowledge management.

Convergence of Liquid Metal Biotechnologies for Our Health

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTConvergence of Liquid Metal Biotechnologies for Our HealthEijiro Miyako*Eijiro MiyakoGraduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan*E-mail: [email protected]More by Eijiro MiyakoView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1157-6174Cite this: Acc. Mater. Res. 2021, 2, 10, 858–862Publication Date (Web):September 9, 2021Publication History Received10 June 2021Published online9 September 2021Published inissue 22 October 2021https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00126Copyright © 2021 Accounts of Materials Research. Co-published by ShanghaiTech University and American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Cancer therapy,Biocompatibility,Nanoparticles,Biomaterials,Biotechnology Get e-Alerts

The modern transformation of family governance: co-evolve of family authority and family formal institution

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the co-evolve relationship between informal relational governance (i.e. family involvement and personal authority) and family formal governance system in the process of growth and transformation. This co-evolve relationship is especially affected by the external institutional environment and market competition power. Thus, in the comprehensive process of deepening the reform and changing market, the modern transformation of family business means that rediscovery of unique superiority of family business and the core of this transformation is the governance of status privileges and private interests. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypotheses, this paper uses the 9th Chinese Private Enterprise Survey in 2010. A total of 4,900 questionnaires are issued, 4,614 are recovered and the total recovery rate is 94.16%. After clean the data, the study obtained 1,239 samples. To overcome the possible existence of heteroscedasticity, this study uses the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) to estimate the model. Besides, as for dummy dependent variables, this study uses logistics regression. Findings This paper makes an empirical test for the evolution of family governance driven by institutional change and organizational growth willingness in the process of growth and transformation, including a co-evolve relationship between family involvement and governance institution. Meanwhile, the empirical analysis comes to the conclusion that the institutional constraint to relational governance improves firm performance, which further promotes the modern transformation of family business governance. Practical implications It is the key to transformation to the modern corporate organization that family business could beyond the intervention of the traditional nepotism, patriarchal authority and family will. The fundamental of this process is to take advantage of formal institutions to manage family power. Originality/value This paper discusses the modern transformation of the formal organization from the perspective of modern ideal dominant type proposed by Max Weber. Modern organization is a hybrid system of the non-personified and personified institution. The primary reason why modern organization suffered erosion and destruction is that informal institution (status and relationship network) were endowed with legal privileges and private interests in modern organization including family business. The governance of privileges and private interests has become the core issue that whether the family business could play an instrumental value and realize modern transformation successfully.

Principal Investigator’ Perceptions of Effective Academic Leadership in Chinese Research Institutions and Universities

Academic leadership is considered a key factor in university and research institute development. In a competitive environment, the role of academic leadership has become increasingly important. At present, China is committed to building world-class universities and advanced research institutes, while academic leadership is one of the key factors. Thus, what is the ideal academic leadership in China’s institutional environment? What professional qualities should principal investigators have? This study investigates these issues with in-depth interviews of six principal investigators. The finding shows that the definition of academic leadership by principal investigators refers to academic expertise, assigning the team member, setting a direction, academic social skills, managing team member relationships, boosting team morale, and teamwork skills. Furthermore, academic expertise is often supposed to be more important than other abilities. In terms of competence, the definitions of leadership by Chinese principal investigators and the literature on Western academic leadership are similar.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЯК ЧИННИК ПРОТИДІЇ COVID-19

Найбільш вдалу боротьбу з COVID-19 демонструють країни з ефективними державними інститутами, критична важливість яких проявилася на всіх етапах протистояння SARS-CoV-2 – від застосування карантинних обмежень, оснащення ковід-лікарень і надання пакетів фінансової допомоги національним економікам до розроблення ковід-вакцин, розгортання їх виробництва і масового щеплення населення аж до формування колективного імунітету.Ці країни є осередком не тільки високоадаптивного бізнесу, а й першокласних наукових центрів і провідних фармацевтичних компаній, що запропонували світові дієві ковід-розробки та їх масове виробництво. Проте швидке застосування цього творчого потенціалу було б неможливим без ефективного державного регулювання. Адже ціна суто ринкової відповіді SARS-CoV-2 є непомірно високою через неминучу втрату часу і людських життів при формуванні приватних фондів, достатніх для початку розробки ковід-вакцин, їх виробництва, масового щеплення і виникнення колективного імунітету.Таким чином, державне регулювання стало ключовим чинником перетворення ковід-вакцин на суспільне благо. Однак через різну якість такого регулювання в різних країнах це благо має ознаки «національності»: першими його отримують заможні країни – розробники ковід-вакцин та їх найближчі партнери, які вирізняються високим рівнем державного управління. Країни ж, позбавлені таких інституційних переваг, виявилися затиснутими COVID-19 і в без того вузькому коридорі їх фінансових можливостей. Причому вихід з цієї пастки нерідко пов'язаний з політичними вимогами, характер яких іноді взагалі не стосується ні SARS-CoV-2, ні національних умов його подолання.

Meneguhkan Spirit Kemaslahatan: Masjid, Pemberdayaan dan Transformasi Sosial

Government development programs often encounter obstacles, creating new problems in society. In this context, community empowerment initiatives emerged that took advantage of local institutions that were considered to have bargaining power and were effective in society. Mosques as part of social institutions are also proven capable of carrying out their social functions as facilitators of empowerment. This article aims to map how mosque-based empowerment models and their achievements so far. Through a literature review, this article sorts data from various articles published in 2010-2020 that discuss the topic of mosques and empowerment. This article shows that mosques have various social functions that can fill the void in the role of government in meeting the needs of the community. Through their bargaining position, the mosque becomes an effective media or facilitator created social transformation. The models of empowerment by mosques are chosen based on the types of needs and conditions of the community including developing potential, strengthening and protecting the community. This strengthens the social function of mosques which are adaptive and responsive to social needs when government efforts are ineffective

Local co-production and food insecurity: leveraging institutional advantages of partner organisations

ABSTRACT Across the developed world food insecurity has become a growing problem, including in contemporary Japan. A common response to food insecurity has been the development of food banks typically run by voluntary associations often in partnership with public agencies and private firms. Considerable ingenuity exists in the Japanese food bank sector that can inform public policymaking in addressing the problem of food insecurity. Adopting the conceptual prism offered by the co-production literature, we study three food banks: Second Harvest Nagoya, Food Bank Iwate and Food Bank Kanagawa. While the modus operandi employed by the three food banks differs considerably, a common thread underpinning their success resides in the fact that they all combine the comparative institutional advantages of their collaborating partner organisations in the local public and the private sectors.

PERSPECTIVE OF MEDIATION EFFECTIVENESS THEORY AS MAIN OPTIONS IN ORDER TO LOWER DIVORCE RATE

The purpose of this paper is to examine mediation as a way effective to reduce the divorce rate and the obstacles and challenges that create mediation as the means chosen to reduce the divorce rate in Indonesia. The increase and decrease in claimable divorce rates can basically be monitored , if supported by various parties, including through the implementation of effective mediation and efficient. In general, the biggest cause of divorce in Indonesia is dispute continuous and economic problems. Socialization and counseling about coaching the sakinah family has been awarded by the authorities. There is an obligation to conduct mediation before entering the court's domain as regulated in Supreme Court Regulation No.1 of 2016 is still being carried out half-heartedly tends to be mere formality. This is one of the obstacles in the difficulty there is an agreement in the mediation process. The divorce rate can be reduced significantly significant, if the parties involved in household cases have been pushed to take advantage of mediation institutions from an early age. The five elements according to effectiveness theory related to mediation as the main choice in suppressing the divorce rate well done.

Bacterial protein could eliminate need for adjuvants in flu vaccines

In rare cases, adjuvants included in some influenza vaccines to increase immune response can trigger serious adverse effects , such as inflammation and allergic reactions. Researchers now report that a flu vaccine using a modified bacterial protein can stimulate a strong immune response without needing an adjuvant. The vaccine candidate increased survival of mice infected with different flu viruses, opening up the possibility of using the protein in a universal flu vaccine that would not have to be reformulated each year to match the virus strains in circulation ( ACS Nano 2021, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04078 ). Sangyong Jon, Ji-Joon Song, and colleagues at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology connected a flu antigen, matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e), to a protein from Brucella bacteria called BP26. The bacterial protein units assembled themselves into a barrel-like nanoparticle with the flu antigens pointing outward. M2e is present in most types of

Understanding the Collaborative Process and Its Effects on Perceived Outcomes during Emergency Response in China: From Perspectives of Local Government Sectors

In contemporary China, the rapidly urbanized cities are exposed to a broad range of natural and human-made emergencies, such as COVID-19. Responding to emergencies successfully requires widespread participation of local government sectors that engages in diversified collaboration behaviors across organizational boundaries for achieving sustainability. However, the multi-organizational collaborative process is highly dynamic and complex, as well as its outcomes are uncertain underlying the emergency response network. Examining characteristics of the collaborative process and exploring how collaborative behaviors local governmental sectors engaging in the impact their perceived outcomes is essential to understand how disastrous situations are addressed by collaborative efforts in emergency management. This research investigates diversified collaborative behaviors in emergency response and then examines this using a multi-dimensional model consisting of joint decision making, joint implementation, compromised autonomy, resource sharing, and trust building. We surveyed 148 local governments and their affiliated sectors in China in-depth understanding how collaborative processes contribute to perceived outcomes from perspectives of participating sectors in the context of a centralized political-administrative system. A structural equation model (SEM) is employed to encode multiple dimensions of the collaborative process, perceived outcomes, as well as their relationships. The empirical finding indicates that joint decision making and implementation positively affect the perceived outcomes significantly. The empirical results indicate that joint decision making and joint implementation affect perceived outcomes significantly. Instead, resource sharing and trust building do not affect the outcomes positively as expected. Additionally, compromised autonomy negatively affects the collaborative outcomes. We also discuss the institutional advantages for achieving successful outcomes in emergency management in China by reducing the degree of compromised autonomy. Our findings provide insight that can improve efforts to build and maintain a collaborative process to respond to emergencies.

MENEGUHKAN SPIRIT KEMASLAHATAN: MASJID, PEMBERDAYAAN DAN TRANSFORMASI SOSIAL

Government development programs often encounter obstacles, creating new problems in society. In this context, community empowerment initiatives emerged that took advantage of local institutions that were considered to have bargaining power and were effective in society. Mosques as part of social institutions are also proven capable of carrying out their social functions as facilitators of empowerment. This article aims to map how mosque-based empowerment models and their achievements so far. Through a literature review, this article sorts data from various articles published in 2010-2020 that discuss the topic of mosques and empowerment. This article shows that mosques have various social functions that can fill the void in the role of government in serving the needs of the community. Through their bargaining position, the mosque becomes an effective media or facilitator created social transformation. The models of empowerment by mosques are chosen based on the types of needs and conditions of the community including developing potential, strengthening and protecting the community. This strengthens the social function of mosques which are adaptive and responsive to social needs when government efforts are ineffective.