Institute Of Psychiatry Research Articles

Socio-Demographic and Clinical Profile of Pediatric Patients Who Consulted At the Out-Patient Department of A Psychiatric Facility in Southern Philippines from 2015 To 2019

Objective: This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of pediatric patients who consulted at the Out-Patient Department of a psychiatric facility in Davao City, ie. Southern Philippines Medical Center Institute of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine and provide baseline data for future research and program development. Methodology: This is a descriptive chart review that used a purposive sampling method to determine the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients below nineteen (19) years old, seen at the Out-Patient Department of a psychiatric facility from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: A total of 427 charts were reviewed in this study. Majority (30.2%) of the study population had their first consult in 2019, female (56%), belonged to the 12-18 age group (64%), and had high school education (43%). Most came from Davao Region (89%) with class D social classification (64%). The clinical profile showed that majority consulted due to forensic reasons (54%), with referrals coming from WCPU, courts, or police stations (54%). Sexual abuse (43.9%) was the most common cause for forensic consult. The most common diagnosis was clustered under Adverse Childhood Experiences (30%). Most were advised referral to the psychology unit (59%) and were discharged as Out-patient (97%). Conclusion: The number of child and adolescent consults in the Out-Patient Department of a psychiatric facility steadily increased within the span of five years. Majority of the patients came in for forensic reasons, with sexual abuse as the highest. A third of the consults were diagnosed to have Adverse Childhood Experience.

Socio-Demographic and Clinical Profile of Pediatric Patients Who Consulted At the Out-Patient Department of A Psychiatric Facility in Southern Philippines from 2015 To 2019

Objective: This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of pediatric patients who consulted at the Out-Patient Department of a psychiatric facility in Davao City, ie. Southern Philippines Medical Center Institute of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine and provide baseline data for future research and program development. Methodology: This is a descriptive chart review that used a purposive sampling method to determine the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients below nineteen (19) years old, seen at the Out-Patient Department of a psychiatric facility from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: A total of 427 charts were reviewed in this study. Majority (30.2%) of the study population had their first consult in 2019, female (56%), belonged to the 12-18 age group (64%), and had high school education (43%). Most came from Davao Region (89%) with class D social classification (64%). The clinical profile showed that majority consulted due to forensic reasons (54%), with referrals coming from WCPU, courts, or police stations (54%). Sexual abuse (43.9%) was the most common cause for forensic consult. The most common diagnosis was clustered under Adverse Childhood Experiences (30%). Most were advised referral to the psychology unit (59%) and were discharged as Out-patient (97%). Conclusion: The number of child and adolescent consults in the Out-Patient Department of a psychiatric facility steadily increased within the span of five years. Majority of the patients came in for forensic reasons, with sexual abuse as the highest. A third of the consults were diagnosed to have Adverse Childhood Experience

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Outpatient Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan

Objective: to determine the impact of COVID-19 on mental health care service provision and the pattern of morbidity presenting to out-patient child psychiatry services in Pakistan.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Medical university, from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020.
 Methodology: Hospital records for the years 2019 and 2020 were used to get data on the total number of Out-Patient Department (OPD) visits in both years, and Departmental OPD records were used to extract data on all new patients.
 Results: Two thousand two hundred thirty-two OPD visits were recorded in 2019 versus 536 in 2020, a 76% decline. Eight hundred fifty-six new patients were seen in 2019 vs 259 in 2020. The detailed OPD record analysis revealed that the predominant age group reporting was adolescents in both years. 377(44%) patients reported with behavioural problems in 2019 vs 138(53.3%) in 2019. Pharmacological management plans were used in 138(16.1%) in 2019 vs 66(25.5%) in 2019. Common Diagnoses seen in both years were not significantly different, (p=0.087). OPD records were found to have an increase in the “not mentioned category”, thus reflecting declined quality of record keeping.
 Conclusion: The COVID-19-related lockdown and pandemic led to a sharp decline in out-patient visits and deterioration and record-keeping quality. The number of children and adolescents presenting with behavioural problems increased, but the common diagnoses remained similar.Keywords: COVID-19, Child and adolescent mental health service, Child psychiatry, Pandemic, School closure.

Sleep Deprivation and Quantity related Incidence in Students of Medicine

Aim: To assess the sleep deprivation and quantity related incidence in students of medicine. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and duration study: Psychiatry Department, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Quetta from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021 at the Methodology: One hundred thirty-five students, both males and females, took part in this research. After obtaining written agreement, the detailed demographics of study participants such as age, body mass index, gender, marital status, socioeconomic and 18-30 years were recorded. Athens scale for insomnia was used for the estimation of how frequently people experienced insomnia. Results: The mean age was 23.04±11.33 years and mean BMI 21.43±21.45 kg/m2. There were 81(60%) males and 54(40%) females. One hundred and one (74.8%) patients had middle socio-economic status and 31 (25.2%) had upper class. Majority of the patients 135 (85.2%) were unmarried. The use of the AIS scale revealed that 59 (43.7%) of the patients had insomnia, among these majority were 39 (28.9%) females. Practical Implication: The report is not accessible at the time of this writing. The outcomes of this study will allow insomnia specialists to develop evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of insomnia in students who are at risk of developing the condition in the first place. This analysis serves as a baseline for investigators. Conclusion: Incidence of insomnia amongst medical students was significantly increased as a result of the stress of overachievement and late-night study sessions to achieve good grades and significantly higher as one's age increased. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce it to the entire sleeping period (8-12 hours) at night. Keywords: AIS scale, Insomnia, Medical students, Demographic

Participating in a virtual Gaining Experience programme during the COVID-19 pandemic and wartime-a Ukrainian's experience at King's College London.

Journal Article Participating in a virtual Gaining Experience programme during the COVID-19 pandemic and wartime—a Ukrainian’s experience at King’s College London Get access Khrystyna Shalak, Khrystyna Shalak Ukrainian Catholic University Lviv, Lviv, UkraineLviv Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mariana Pinto da Costa Mariana Pinto da Costa Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United KingdomSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom Corresponding author. 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE58AB. E-mail: mariana.pintodacosta@kcl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Postgraduate Medical Journal, qgad034, https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgad034 Published: 02 May 2023 Article history Received: 19 March 2023 Accepted: 02 April 2023 Published: 02 May 2023

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Free-viewing gaze patterns reveal a mood-congruency bias in MDD during an affective fMRI/eye-tracking task

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been related to abnormal amygdala activity during emotional face processing. However, a recent large-scale study (n = 28,638) found no such correlation, which is probably due to the low precision of fMRI measurements. To address this issue, we used simultaneous fMRI and eye-tracking measurements during a commonly employed emotional face recognition task. Eye-tracking provide high-precision data, which can be used to enrich and potentially stabilize fMRI readouts. With the behavioral response, we additionally divided the active task period into a task-related and a free-viewing phase to explore the gaze patterns of MDD patients and healthy controls (HC) and compare their respective neural correlates. Our analysis showed that a mood-congruency attentional bias could be detected in MDD compared to healthy controls during the free-viewing phase but without parallel amygdala disruption. Moreover, the neural correlates of gaze patterns reflected more prefrontal fMRI activity in the free-viewing than the task-related phase. Taken together, spontaneous emotional processing in free viewing might lead to a more pronounced mood-congruency bias in MDD, which indicates that combined fMRI with eye-tracking measurement could be beneficial for our understanding of the underlying psychopathology of MDD in different emotional processing phases.Trial Registration: The BeCOME study is registered on ClinicalTrials (gov: NCT03984084) by the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Munich, Germany.

Spirituality and Religion in Canadian Psychiatric Residency Training: Follow-up Survey of Canadian Psychiatry Residency Programs.

This study assesses the availability and nature of psychiatry resident training in religion and spirituality across Canada. Evidence shows that religious and spiritual topics are important to psychiatric patients and that psychiatrist competence in approaching these topics is correlated to whether they have had previous training in them. Prior studies have shown a lack of training in religion and spirituality in Canadian psychiatry programs and recommended incorporation into psychiatry residency curricula. A survey was conducted, asking questions about the amount and type of training in religion and spirituality that was accessible to psychiatry residents in the 17 psychiatry residency programs in Canada. One response was sought from each institution by reaching out to the institutions' program directors and requesting that a knowledgeable faculty member complete the survey. Out of 14 responding psychiatric residency programs, 2 reported no training opportunities in religion or spirituality, 4 reported only voluntary training opportunities that were largely resident directed, and 8 reported mandatory training. The number of Canadian psychiatry residency programs providing mandatory training in religion and spirituality has increased since the prior published survey in 2003 and there are fewer programs reporting no training at all. However, overall, Canadian psychiatry institutions still place less emphasis on religious/spiritual education than recommended by the international psychiatric community. Several Canadian institutions report well-received implementation of curricula on religion and spirituality that could inform other Canadian institutions.

Transdiagnostic evaluation of epigenetic age acceleration and burden of psychiatric disorders

Different psychiatric disorders as well as exposure to adverse life events have individually been associated with multiple age-related diseases and mortality. Age acceleration in different epigenetic clocks can serve as biomarker for such risk and could help to disentangle the interplay of psychiatric comorbidity and early adversity on age-related diseases and mortality. We evaluated five epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge and DunedinPoAm) in a transdiagnostic psychiatric sample using epigenome-wide DNA methylation data from peripheral blood of 429 subjects from two studies at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. Burden of psychiatric disease, represented by a weighted score, was significantly associated with biological age acceleration as measured by GrimAge and DunedinPoAm (R2-adj. 0.22 and 0.33 for GrimAge and DunedinPoAm, respectively), but not the other investigated clocks. The relation of burden of psychiatric disease appeared independent of differences in socioeconomic status and medication. Our findings indicate that increased burden of psychiatric disease may associate with accelerated biological aging. This highlights the importance of medical management of patients with multiple psychiatric comorbidities and the potential usefulness of specific epigenetic clocks for early detection of risk and targeted intervention to reduce mortality in psychiatric patients.

Neuroimaging Prior to Electroconvulsive Therapy: Good for One, But Maybe Not for All?

From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, New York, NY. Received for publication January 6, 2023; accepted January 12, 2023. Reprints: Charles H. Kellner, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Institute of Psychiatry, 67 President St, Charleston, SC 29425 (e-mail: [email protected]). Dr Kellner receives royalties from Cambridge University Press for Handbook of ECT, fees from UpToDate for writing/updating electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) topics, honoria from Northwell Health for teaching in an ECT course, and fees for expert witness work in ECT legal cases.

Guilt by Association: Inflammation and Shared Genetic Risk Between Stress-Related and Immune Disorders

Guilt by Association: Inflammation and Shared Genetic Risk Between Stress-Related and Immune Disorders

TWINNING PROJECT: SIR COWASJEE JEHANGIR INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY/BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES PAKISTAN & THE STATE HOSPITAL CARSTAIRS SCOTLAND

Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Institute of Psychiatry Jehangir Institute of Psychiatry is a hospital located in Latifabad suburb of the city of Hyderabad, in Sindh, Pakistan. It was established in 1852 during the British Raj and was named after Jehangir Cowasji Jehangir Readymoney. It is the largest psychiatric hospital in Pakistan. It is locally known as Giddu Bandar Mental Hospital. The State Hospital Scotland is a psychiatric hospital near the village of Carstairs Junction, in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It provides care and treatment in conditions of high security for around 140 patients from Scotland and Northern Ireland. The hospital is managed by the State Hospitals Board for Scotland which is a public body accountable to the First Minister of Scotland through the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. It is a Special Health Board, part of the NHS Scotland and the only hospital of its kind within Scotland.

Combining remote work and training: the experience of participating in the first Virtual EPA Gaining Experience Programme

AbstractEach year the European Psychiatric Association offers early career psychiatrists the opportunity to take part in the Gaining Experience programme, a scholarship that funds short observership placements (between 2 and 8 weeks) overseas in different psychiatric institutions across Europe to ECPs who have completed their psychiatric training. However, since COVID-19 was declared by the WHO as a worldwide emergency on 11th March 2020, it was no longer possible to provide offline overseas observerships. Therefore, the Gaining Experience programme changed its format in 2020-2021 and became virtual. It was in this context, that an Ukranian early career psychiatrist was going to participate in the virtual Gaining Experience programme at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London (United Kingdom) from December 2021. The observership placement had a particular academic focus, the essence of which was investigating psychotherapy training among ECPs in Ukraine, and to examine how it is included in psychiatry training. The sharing of this example of virtual observership shows that it is possible and feasible high-quality and affordable distance learning for ECPs. This training format can be useful not only during quarantine restrictions, but also in conditions of limited travel opportunities.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Menthal health of internally and externally displaced persons in war period

AbstractWorkshop War in Ukraine – a Big Challenge for the Mental Health Care Abstract of presentation Mental health of internally and externally displaced persons in war period (Ukrainian experience)Maruta“Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” State InstitutionThe presentation is devoted to mental health problems of internally and externally displaced persons during the war. Issues of etiology, pathogenesis and clinic-psychopathological manifestations of mental disorders in displaced persons are considered.The main focus is on risk, anti-risk factors and stress coping strategies that prevent the development of mental disorders.The presentation also provided a system of therapy and rehabilitation for internally and externally displaced persons, as well as an evaluation of their effectiveness.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

One year snapshot: antipsychotic use in institute of forensic psychiatry of kosovo

IntroductionThe use of antipsychotics in the treatment of the mentally ill represents a complex modality, especially in specialized institutions such as the Institute of Forensic Psychiatry of Kosovo. Current best practices are summarized in clinical guidelines, which nevertheless recognize the importance of individualizing treatment. In literature there is the scarcity of knowledge on the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment within a forensic psychiatric population.ObjectivesTo understand the features of the use of antipsychotics in IPFK as a prerequisite for increasing the quality and adequate treatment in psychiatric institutions in Kosovo.MethodsIt is a retrospective study. The files of 100 patients admitted to IPFK for evaluation and treatment in 2021 were analysed. The age ranged from 18 to 71 years (Mage=36.33; SD=12.66). General demographic data, types of antipsychotics, their doses, their combinations were looked at. Data analysis was processed with SPSS 26 and Microsoft Excel 2016.Results43% of patients were not prescribed any antipsychotic drugs. 38% used one antipsychotic, 16% used 2 antipsychotics at the same time and 3% used three types of antipsychotics. 12% of patients used four types of psychotropic drugs (antipsychotic, anxiolytic and mood stabilizer), 12% were on three types of psychotropic drugs, 42% did not use any type of medication. No side effects were noted. Only one case of refusal of therapy was recorded. The doses of the drugs used are within the recommended therapeutic limits. Most of the antipsychotics used were of the second generation. In 44% of cases they received Risperidone, in 17% of cases Haloperidol, in 14% of cases Olanzapine, in 5% of cases Clozapine and in only 1% Aripiprazole.ConclusionsAntipsychotic medication is the main method of treatment in IPFK, based on the specifics of the cases. The impression of overuse of several antipsychotics at the same time requires deeper professional consideration in order to avoid chemical restraint as a management method.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Cognitive disorders in the elderly persons and their psychometric markers

IntroductionPopulation aging is accompanied by an increase in mental disorders of late age, cognitive impairment and dementia, which makes research on their diagnosis, prevention and therapy particularly relevant.ObjectivesIn order to improve the diagnosis of cognitive disorders in elderly patients, a comparative characteristic of the MMSE and MoCA psychometric scales is presented. Due to the lack of differentiation of results in the MoCA - test according to the severity of cognitive disorders, ranking was carried out to determine the scoring levels of cognitive decline.MethodsOn the clinical basis of the scientific department of gerontopsychiatry of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - branch of the V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 46 people over 60 years old were examined. The identified mental disorders were coded under the ICD-10 F00-F09 rubric “Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders”. Cognitive status assessment was carried out by psychometric scales MMSE and MoCA. Psychometric and statistical research methods were used. To compare MoCA and MMSE scores, an equal-percentage alignment method was usedResultsIn patients examined by MMSE and MoCA, different point values were determined in assessing cognitive functions. In most observations, the MoCA- test indicators were lower than the MMSE values. The following correspondences of the score values of the scales were revealed: MOCA 23-30 - MMSE 28-30 points; MOCA 22-18 - MMSE 27-25; MOCA 17-12 – MMSE 23-20; MOCA 12-0 – MMSE 19-0.ConclusionsSuch features of the MMSE scale as insufficient sensitivity in assessing memory impairment and differentiation of non-dementia levels of cognitive impairment, regulatory functions of programming and goal-setting, lexical fluency were revealed. The advantages of the MoCA - test were the ability to assess visual-constructive and executive skills, praxis, a more accurate assessment of memory impairments, mobility of mental processes and the ability to switch, logical thinking, the possibility of topical diagnosis of brain damage. The disadvantages of the MoCA - test were the duration of its implementation, the fatigue of patients, the lack of tasks for assessing written speech and motor praxis.The MoCA - test is a more sensitive method for detecting and differentiating cognitive impairment compared to the MMSE scale, which makes it possible to recommend it for widespread introduction into psychiatric practice. Relevant in further studies are the determination of indicators of moderate cognitive impairment as a threshold value between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and incipient dementia, clarification of the point values of different levels of dementia.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

EFFECT OF EMDR THERAPY ON POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS, SYMPTOM SEVERITY AND ANXIETY LEVEL IN PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS WITH AT LEAST ONE TRAUMATIC EVENTS

IntroductionEye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a powerful psychotherapy approach developed by Francine Shapiro in 1987 when she realized that rhythmic eye movements reduce disturbing thoughts. The effectiveness of the therapy has been proven by many studies after its discovery. EMDR, which was initially used only in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, has become a treatment option used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders of more than 2 million people today. EMDR, which is used today, contains elements from many therapy schools andconsists of a phased protocol (Shapiro, 2018). Increasing evidence acknowledging the relationship between trauma and psychosis indicates that EMDR can be a vital addition to the treatment of psychosis (Sin & Spain, 2017; Valiente-Gomez et al., 2017). However, the effect of EMDR on psychosis has not yet been sufficiently clarified. There is alsoIt has not yet been clarified whether the curative effect on the psychotic symptoms or on the anxiety symptoms.For this reason, in our study, the effect of EMDR on these symptoms will be investigated by comparing the case and control groups.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effect of EMDR therapy on post-traumatic stress symptoms, schizophrenia symptom severity and anxiety level in psychotic patients with at least one traumatic event.MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled, prospective follow-up study aiming to evaluate the effect of EMDR therapy on post-traumatic stress symptoms, schizophrenia symptom severity and anxiety level in psychotic patients with at least one traumatic event.Written informed consent to participate in the intervention study will be requested from all patients who meet the inclusion criteria. Consent participants receive pre-treatment (T0) measurements. After T0, participants will be randomized to EMDR or waiting list Participants will be randomly assigned to 26 people in each group. These groups will be made by the independent randomization bureau of the Parnassia Institute of Psychiatry using the scientific randomization program on the Internet (www.randomizer.org).ResultsThe effects of EMDR therapy on posttraumatic stress symptoms, schizophrenia symptom severity and anxiety level in psychotic patients were obtained from pretest and posttest measurements.ConclusionsMore studies are needed on the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Observational prospective study of social media, smartphone use and self-harm in a clinical sample of young people: study protocol

IntroductionYoung people are the most frequent users of social media and smartphones and there has been an increasing speculation about the potential negative impacts of their use on mental health....

Efficacy of Sertraline with Aripiprazole versus Paroxetine with Aripiprazole in Patient with Major Depressive Disorder

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most severe form of depression and can be extremely debilitating for those afflicted. Treatment for MDD typically involves the use of antidepressant medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, many patients do not respond adequately to these medications, leading to the use of adjunctive treatments, such as atypical antipsychotics. The combination of SSRIs and atypical antipsychotics has been found to be more effective than monotherapy with either medication alone. Aims: The Aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of two different combinations of antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of MDD: sertraline with aripiprazole, and paroxetine with aripiprazole. Study design and setting: Open-label trail. This study was conducted at Sir Cowasjee Jahangir Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan from October 2021 to October 2022. Materials and Methods: In this research trial, a total of 48 patients were randomized to receive either sertraline (100 mg/day) plus aripiprazole (5 mg/day) or paroxetine (20 mg/day) plus aripiprazole (5 mg/day) for a period of 6 weeks. The outcome measure was assessed by the change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score from baseline to 6 weeks. Data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 26. Results: The overall mean age of patients with MDD was 36.52 ± 9.9 years; 56% female and 46% male were reported with MDD. There was a significant reduction in HDRS scores among both groups of drugs; however, no difference was found in terms of efficacy between the two groups. Conclusion: The combination therapy of aripiprazole augmentation, with the addition of either sertraline or paroxetine, was equally effective in patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Keywords: Major depressive disorder, MDD, Sertraline, Paroxetine, Aripiprazole, Augmentation therapy.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) without boundaries: research and interventions beyond classifications.

On June 2022, the 2nd Webinar "Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) without boundaries took place at the Imagine Institute in Paris and was broadcasted live and in replay. The aim of this webinar is to address NDD in a dimensional rather than in a categorical approach. Several speakers were invited to present their researches on the subject. Classifications in NDD were discussed: irritability in NDD, involvement of the immune system in neurodevelopment, nutrition and gut microbiota modulate brain inflammation and neurodevelopment, co-occurring conditions in autistic adolescents and adults without intellectual disability. Classifications in psychiatric disorders were asked: mapping the effect of genes on cognition and autism risk, epigenetics and symptomatic trajectory in neurodevelopmental disorders, the autism-schizophrenia continuum in two examples: minor neurological signs and EEG microstates, the cerebellum in schizophrenia and autism: from imaging to intervention perspectives. Both genetic and environmental factors, along with clinical and imaging features, argue toward a continnum between NDD but also with adult psychiatric presentations. This new paradigm could modify the therapeutic strategy, with the development of large-spectrum treatments or new psychotherapies addressing co-occuring symptoms. The complexity and the heterogeneity of NDD apply well to the next scientific and political challenges: developing international convergence to push back the frontiers of our knowledge. This article is a summary of the 2nd webinar "Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) without boundaries: research and interventions beyond classifications" sponsored by the French National Academy of Medicine, the autism and neurodevelopmental disorders scientific interest group (GIS), the International Research Network Dev-O-Psy and the French Institute of Psychiatry (GDR3557). Oral presentations are available as a replay on the following website (in French): https://autisme-neurodev.org/evenements/2022/04/12/tnd-sans-frontieres-la-recherche-et-les-interventions-au-dela-des-classifications/ .