Safety Institute Research Articles

Study on the Whole Process Supervision Technology of Digital Intelligent Enabling for Building Safety and Quality Appraisal Institutions

In order to fully implement the "Notice of The General Office of the State Council on Printing and Printing the Special Rectification Work Plan for the Safety of Self-built Houses", in view of the endless collapse of houses such as self-built houses, the traditional supervision methods of housing safety appraisal agencies are dishonest and the agency appraisal reports are distorted. Based on the principle of "the whole process of Internet + digital intelligence", this paper develops a set of digital and intelligent regulatory software system suitable for regulatory departments. It mainly introduces the basic application functions of this system, and takes the whole-area appraisal project of Taizhou City as an example to show that this regulatory system manages in all aspects such as human, machine, material, law and environment. The system has the advantages of thoughtful use steps, simple steps, scientific and accurate. At the end of this paper, the benefits and promotion value of the whole process of intelligent enabling supervision system are summarized and analyzed.

Analysis of control rod driving mechanism nozzle rupture with loss of safety injection at the ATLAS experimental facility using MARS-KS and TRACE

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has operated an integral effect test facility, the Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation (ATLAS), with reference to the APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400) for tests for transient and design basis accidents simulation. A test for a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) at the top of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) had been conducted at ATLAS to address the impact of the loss of safety injections (LSI) and to evaluate accident management (AM) actions during the postulated accident. The experimental data has been utilized to validate system analysis codes within a framework of the domestic standard problem program organized by KAERI in collaboration with Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety. In this study, the test has been analyzed by using thermal-hydraulic system analysis codes, MARS-KS 1.5 and TRACE 5.0 Patch 6, and a comparative analysis with experimental and calculation results has been performed. The main objective of this study is the investigation of the thermal-hydraulic phenomena during a small break LOCA at the RPV upper head with the LSI as well as the predictability of the system analysis codes after the AM actions during the test. The results from both codes reveal that overall physical behaviors during the accident are predicted by the codes, appropriately, including the excursion of the peak cladding temperature because of the LSI. It is also confirmed that the core integrity is maintained with the proposed AM action. Considering the break location, a sensitivity analysis for the nodalization of the upper head has been conducted. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the nodalization gave a significant impact on the analysis result. The result emphasizes the importance of the nodalization which should be performed with a consideration of the physical phenomena occurs during the transient.

Polypharmacy and Elevated Risk of Severe Adverse Events in Older Adults Based on the Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database.

Older adults are at a higher risk of severe adverse drug events (ADEs) because of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and lower physiological function. This study aimed to determine whether polypharmacy, defined as the use of ≥ 5 active drug ingredients, was associated with severe ADEs in this population. We used ADE reports from the Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database, a national spontaneous ADE report system, from 2012 to 2021 to examine and compare the strength of association between polypharmacy and severe ADEs in older adults (≥ 65 years) and younger adults (20-64 years) using disproportionality analysis. We found a significant association between severe ADEs of cardiac and renal/urinary Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities System Organ Classes (MedDRA SOC) with polypharmacy in older adults. Regarding individual-level ADEs included in these MedDRA SOCs, acute cardiac arrest and renal failure were more significantly associated with polypharmacy in older adults compared with younger adults. The addition of new drugs to the regimens of older adults warrants close monitoring of renal and cardiac symptoms.

Multi-material topology optimization of nuclear devices – principle and application

In this paper, we present a multi-material topology optimization procedure, capable of generating the best possible structure of a nuclear device from a list of design objectives and constraints. We propose an example of applying this new tool to calculate the structure of a neutron moderator, which will be used to generate an epithermal field for metrological applications at a facility of the Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN, France).

Pathological study of a traumatic anthropogenic injury in the skeleton of a spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela).

External injuries in elasmobranchs are frequent findings, either due to inter- or intraspecific interactions or as a result of interaction with human activities. However, the resilience of these species to traumatic injury remains poorly understood. This work provides an insight into the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and pathological features of a severe traumatic injury to the cartilaginous skeleton of a spiny butterfly ray (Gymnura altavela). An adult female was found lethargic in the bottom of the coast of Gran Canaria, with an external incised-contused traumatic lesion of 2 cm diameter in the scapulocoracoid cartilage. It was captured and transferred to the Poema del Mar Aquarium for its clinical evaluation and treatment. Despite these efforts, the animal eventually died and was transfer to the Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA) for its pathological diagnosis, including a Computed Tomography (CT) study and necropsy. The animal presented a marked reduction in hematocrit and hepatosomatic index due a chronic debilitation process. The CT scan revealed a destructive lesion with irregular margins at the level of the right scapulocoracoid cartilage. The main pathological findings were the disorganization of the tesserae layer, appearing as whitish square to rectangular geometric pieces separated from the cartilaginous core. Histologically, these pieces of tesserae were separated from the unmineralized cartilage core and displaced from the adjacent perichondrium, where inflammatory cells infiltrate. Edema and hemorrhages were also observed. This study reports the first comprehensive description of skeleton trauma in a spiny butterfly ray, including the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging and the anatomopathological features.

Институционализация и правовая регламентация пожарной охраны России в XVI-XIX вв.

The article traces the origins and development of the country’s fire safety institute, and the formation of an organizational struc-ture for its improvement. The article covers the period from the functioning of peasant communities to the beginning of the 19th century, when the Ministry of Internal Affairs was formed in 1802, which noted the creation of a number of social institutions, including a structure for ensuring fire safety in the country, which, in the author’s opinion, can be considered basically estab-lished from this period. The contribution of people who ensured fire fighting, including heads of state, is noted. The validity and consistency of regulatory creativity in fire fighting, its continuity and transformation due to technological growth and new meth-ods of counteraction are analyzed. The solid experience of legal legitimizations laid down in the documents of Ancient Rus’ is emphasized: in the Russian Truth, the Truth of the Yaroslavichi, the Extended Truth, the Novgorod Judicial Charter, the Pskov Judi-cial Charter, and the continuity of rule-making in the area under consideration during the periods of formation of the centralized state and during the formation of the Russian Empire. It is indicated that the danger factor is associated with Russia’s possession of forest resources, among which coniferous forests prevail, which have increased flammability, and the preference for the con-struction of houses and structures from this flammable material. It is concluded that this is precisely what caused the special at-tention of our ancestors to the problem of fire safety. The following research methods are used: cognition: dialectical, herme-neutics, comparative-historical, logical, formal-legal, as well as the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency.

Navigating the Road to Safer Travel in Pakistan: A Multi-Perspective Analysis of Road Safety Challenges and Solutions

With the growing global population, the demand for mobility and well-managed modes of transportation is increasing day by day. However, the rapid growth in motorization is a double-edged sword. On one side, it brings social and economic development; on the other, it results in severe consequences, such as road traffic crashes. Pakistan, a developing country, is also dealing with the same issue. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the road safety issues in Pakistan. The analysis is carried out from five perspectives: infrastructural, institutional, socio-economic, socio-cultural/behavioral, and educational. The study highlights that inadequate road infrastructure, lack of road safety institutions and policies, absence of a credible crash reporting system, poor and ineffective enforcement, road users’ aberrant behaviors, and lack of road safety awareness all contribute to road safety problems in Pakistan. To address these issues, the study proposes a set of key measures, such as expanding road infrastructure, establishing dedicated road safety institutions, centralizing data collection efforts, implementing comprehensive safety tests for vehicles, and organizing road safety seminars to educate the youth. These recommendations aim to enhance road safety, ultimately reducing fatalities and economic losses caused by road crashes in Pakistan.

ДОРОЖНО-ПАТРУЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИНСТИТУТА ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ДОРОЖНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ В РОССИИ (ИСТОРИКО-ПРАВОВОЙ АСПЕКТ)

The article examines the historical and legal aspects of the formation, formation and functioning of the Institute of traffic Safety in Russia, the road patrol service. In the modern conditions of the development of the Russian and world community, interest in the history of both domestic and international character has sharply increased. The study of history is a kind of modern trend. The development of the road complex is most closely connected with such aspects as the development of the institute of road traffic as a whole, as well as the development of its supporting entities, including the bodies that controlled the implementation of the road traffic process. The road patrol service was born in the conditions of a clearly outlined need to ensure road safety, as well as accompanied by the process of adopting appropriate regulatory legal acts that were issued in response to specific requests from society. For the first time such structures, services, appeared and began their functioning at the end of the 17th century

Obtaining a food coating with bioprotective properties

In this study, the food coating's bioprotective properties were investigated. Currently, in the food industry, special attention is paid to the creation of fundamentally new packaging materials – non–toxic, capable of providing effective protection of the product from microbial contamination, exposure to oxygen in the air, to prevent the drying of the product during storage - including those applied to the surface of the product and eaten with it. The use of protective coatings in the production of meat semi-finished products allows you to improve the quality and appearance, and also allow you to preserve the freshness of meat semi-finished products. The aim of the work is to obtain a food coating with bioprotective properties and extracts of biologically active substances of plant raw materials. As the objects the objects of the study were used secondary collagen-containing raw materials of the meat industry (veins, tendons, fasciae released during the venation of beef in sausage and canning industries), dispersed forms of collagen proteins isolated from animal tissues by directed biomodification under the action of proteolytic enzyme preparations, CO2 extracts of medicinal plants and spices, and composite bases with their individual and sharing, obtained in the laboratory of the Department of Technology of Animal Products of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies and in the research institute of Food safety of the Almaty Technological University. The choice of CO2 extracts of plant raw materials as sources of natural antioxidants is due to their more pronounced antioxidant activity compared to extracts obtained on the basis of classical methods. The inclusion of antioxidants in the composition of food films increases the shelf life of the product, protecting it from oxidation and color change.

Re-evaluating falls through skylights in the USA: has anything changed?

Purpose With proper design and work planning, falls through fragile skylights are preventable. Skylights pose a hazard to workers when their work tasks for operations, maintenance and repair require them to be on roofs. The National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety produced guidelines and special alerts to address the dangers that are present around skylights, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations have prescriptive requirements for work performed around skylights, and yet incidents still occur. The purpose of this study is to investigate and raise awareness for the causality of the incidents involving skylights in the USA. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigated and analyzed 204 incidents involving skylights recorded by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to characterize their nature and to determine any correlation with the roof environment or the nature of the work performed. Using Google Earth and Google Maps roof geometry, proximity of skylights to roof edge and rooftop mechanical equipment was determined. Findings The majority of falls through skylights occur during roof maintenance and repair activities. Falls through skylights are underreported. Because of a general lack of good design to reduce or eliminate the risk of falling through skylights, facility managers carry the burden to properly assess work and access on roofs where fragile skylights are present. Originality/value The phenomenon of falling through skylights was made aware on a national level in the USA in 1989; however, little has been done from a design and planning perspective to reduce these incidents. This paper presents a unique perspective on the role of facility managers in understanding the hazards associated with roof maintenance near skylights.

Effectiveness of m-health-based core strengthening exercise and health education for public safety workers with chronic non-specific low back pain: study protocol for a superiority randomized controlled trial (SAFEBACK)

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Public safety workers are highly exposed to physically demanding activities and inappropriate postures, increasing the risk of experiencing LBP. Smartphone app-based self-managed interventions may be an alternative for chronic non-specific LBP (CNSLBP) treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone app-based self-managed exercise program plus health education, compared to a health education program alone, on neuromuscular and perceptual outcomes in police officers and firefighters with CNSLBP.MethodsThis is a parallel, two-armed, blinded evaluator randomized clinical trial. Police officers and firefighters (from public safety institutions in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil) will be randomly assigned to a m-health self-managed exercise program (twice a week) plus health education or health education alone. Self-management exercise program components are mobility and core resistance exercises, available on the app. Follow-ups will be conducted post-treatment (8 weeks) and 16 weeks after randomization. The co-primary outcomes will be pain intensity and disability post-treatment (8 weeks). Secondary outcomes will be biopsychosocial factors related to CNSLBP.DiscussionWe hypothesize that the effects of a smartphone app-based self-managed exercise program on co-primary and secondary outcomes will be superior, compared to the health education only in public safety workers with CNSLBP.Trial registrationThe study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05481996. Registered on August 01, 2022).

The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Comparing its Effectiveness with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction of Job Stress and its Components in Employees with Job Stress

Introduction: job stress is defined as the accumulation of stressful factors in job-related situations, which most people agree is stressful, and it can be the direct factor in the intention to leave the job. The present study investigates the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy and compares its effectiveness with mindfulness-based stress reduction based on mindfulness on the components of job stress employees with job stress.
 Materials and Methods: The research design was a semi-experimental pre and post-test with a control group and a follow-up phase. The statistical population included all employees with job stress in a private company in Isfahan City in 2022, and the research sample included 45 employees who were randomly divided into three groups of 15: virtual reality therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, and Controls were replaced. The people of the two intervention groups participated in the intervention sessions; The first experimental group underwent eight 20-minute weekly sessions of virtual reality therapy, and the second experimental group underwent eight weekly 45-minute sessions based on the Kabat-Zin training package (1990 and 2013), but for the control group no interventions were performed. The participants responded to the occupational stress questionnaire of the Health and Safety Institute of England Steinmetz (HSE) (1990) in three stages. The research data were analyzed with analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test and using SPSS23 statistical software at two descriptive and inferential levels.
 Results: The results of covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test indicated that both intervention methods equally and effectively reduced occupational stress in the fields of role, communication, support of colleagues, changes in employees, and the effect of both interventions remained stable over time (P<0.01). Although both methods of intervention reduced the pressure and job stress of employees, and the components of stress include support, control, and demand from officials, and its effect remained constant over time, virtual reality treatment was more effective in both stages (P>0.05). 
 Conclusion: The results showed that virtual reality courses and stress reduction based on mindfulness can reduce the tensions and job stress of personnel and employees of organizations.

Modelling in the frame of hydro-mechanical infiltration column experi-ment to study the behaviour of binary mixtures of bentonite MX80

Binary mixtures of high-density MX80 bentonite pellets (80% mass ratio at a dry density of 2.0 Mg/m3) and powder (dry density of 1.1 Mg/m3) at hygroscopic water contents are studied by the French Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) as an alternative in engineered barrier systems for the long-term disposal of radioactive wastes. The MX80 bentonite was studied by many authors [1–4] with this aim. These mixtures show a dry density around 1.49 Mg/m3 on pouring into infiltration column experiment tests.
 An infiltration column cell (100 mm in diameter and 350 mm high) has been developed at a reduced scale of 1/100 of the VSS (i.e., at 1/10 of the in situ VSEAL test) to reproduce asymmetric hydration using independent top (fast injection) and radial (slow injection) water pressure systems, which will undergo fast hydration from the calcareous Oxfordian formation at the top and a slower one by water reaching radially through the Callovo-Oxfordian formation. It also allows performing gas injections at different locations of the core of the bentonite mixture (top and bottom boundaries) and under various hydraulic states. The infiltration column is composed of four transparent cylinders, made of Perspex to visualise processes occurring at the interface during the hydration and gas injection phases (Figure 1a). This cell has been assembled with three stainless-steel injection rings that ensure slow radial water injection through three independent automatic pressure/volume controllers. These stainless-steel injection rings also hold the different lateral transducers (six total stress cells and three water pressure transducers embedded in the soil and three relative humidity probes installed in small dismountable chambers) (Figure 1a). The assembled cell is inserted into a rigid frame composed of two stainless steel disks on the two sides of the cylinder connected by four metallic rods.
 A numerical model has been developed to better understand the coupled hydro-mechanical response of this multi-porosity mixture and particularly of its constitiuents upon hydration.The characterisation of pellet and powder components have been focused on their water retention properties, water permeability, compressibility on loading and on suction changes, as well as on their swelling pressure response and the progressive changes of their pore size distribution on wetting. This information at component scale has allowed the upscaling into a 2D plane-strain numerical model based on the discretisation of pellets and inter-pellet powder using Code_Bright FEM [5]. This plane-strain model captures the pellet shape effect without changing the geometry of the pellets.The geometry used in the simulations corresponds to an infiltration column at constant volume mimicking the actual asymmetric hydraulic conditions of the VSS. Figure 2b presents the geometry of the model used at constant volume based on the discretisation of pellets and powder (252 pellets of 8 mm diameter and surrounded by powder filling the entire inter-pellet volume).The generated numerical mixture has a mass-basis proportion of 77.6% pellets and 22.5% powder, which is close to the mixture proportion. Figure 1b shows the three lateral slow-rate hydration boundaries, as well as the fast-rate hydration boundary at the top. The modelling has focused on analysing the global and particularly the local responses: water mass transfer between powder and pellets, evolution of local degrees of saturation and porosities (inside pellets and powder), and mean stress evolution in the pellet and powder domains. Water retention and permeability properties of the components are dependent on porosity and the degree of saturation.
 A non-linear elastic model has been considered for the components, in which volumetric deformations are induced by net mean stress and suction changes. Therefore, the pellets and powder have different hydraulic and mechanical properties as a consequence of the different initial properties, but they share the same constitutive relationship of a single structured material. Figure 1c presents the time evolution of porosities (inside the pellets and powder), showing that the mixture tends towards a more homogeneous distribution of porosity as the pellets expand and compress the highly deformable clay powder. During the transient hydration stage, the expansion of pellets at the top of the column evolves faster due to the proximity of the hydration front. Figure 1d shows the water retention curves of the pellets and powder at the initial state and after hydration as predicted by the model, compared to experimental data [6,7]. The predicted water retention curves of the pellets and powder adequately follow the trend of the data reported by [7] and also seem to reproduce the mixture model data suggesting a homogenisation of the retention properties of the material after hydration.

Differences in the Effects of Work Environment on Health Problems and Satisfaction of Working Condition by Gender: The 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey.

This study investigated gender differences in exposure to hazardous factors, health problems, and work environment satisfaction and identified the effects of such differences on farmworkers in Korea. Through the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI), the raw data on 2347 farmworkers were analyzed to present descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics, exposure to hazardous factors, health problems, and work environment satisfaction. We compared genders using chi-squared tests and investigated the effects of gender-specific working conditions on work-related health problems and work environment satisfaction using multivariate logistic analysis. The results were presented as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Job position predicted work-related health problems in male farmworkers and work environment satisfaction in female farmworkers. Furthermore, female farmworkers perceived themselves to have more health problems than male farmworkers. Nevertheless, female farmworkers received less health and safety information and had lower work environment satisfaction compared to male farmworkers. The findings may improve the occupational welfare of farmworkers through continuous enhancement of the agricultural labor environment.

A criminal macrocause classification model: An enhancement for violent crime analysis considering an unbalanced dataset

This study introduces a novel model designed to classify macrocauses of violent crimes. The model’s practical application is demonstrated through its integration into the framework of the Natal Smart City Initiative in Brazil. Utilizing the Design Science methodology, the study details the model’s development, its subsequent implementation through a machine learning pipeline, and its assessment employing four prominent classification techniques: Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost. XGBoost performed exceptionally well, achieving an average accuracy of 0.961791, an F1-Score of 0.961410, and an AUC of ROC curve of 0.994732. Accurate classification of criminal macrocauses is crucial for developing effective public safety policies. The proposed model can provide public safety institutions and criminal analysts with a valuable tool for better understanding aspects related to violent crime analysis in their cities. This can streamline the analysis and management process and provide more accurate information for decision-making. This study also has important implications for the emerging field of smart cities. By providing a tool to assist in decision-making and planning public safety strategies, this work contributes to the development of innovative, data-based, and theory-based solutions to address urban challenges.

Anesthesia Risk Alert Program: A Proactive Safety Initiative.

Analyzing adverse events data collected over a three-year period on all anesthetic cases, North American Partners in Anesthesia (NAPA), a nationwide anesthesia practice, found a correlation between certain high-risk clinical factors and a number of critical events. Seeking to reduce the incidence of critical adverse events associated with these high-risk factors, the quality team of the NAPA Anesthesia Patient Safety Institute (NAPSI) developed the Anesthesia Risk Alert (ARA) program, which guides clinicians in proactively applying targeted risk mitigation interventions in five specific clinical scenarios. NAPSI is NAPA's Patient Safety Organization (PSO). ARA promotes a proactive (Safety II) approach to patient safety. The protocol incorporates innovative collaboration techniques to improve clinical decision-making, along with recommendations by professional medical societies. ARA risk mitigation strategies also adapt decision tools from other industries, such as red team/blue team methodology. Following implementation training to approximately 6,000 NAPA clinicians, ongoing compliance is tracked for the program's two components: screening patients for the five high-risk clinical scenarios and performing the associated mitigation strategy when one or more risk factor is identified. Since launching the ARA program in 2019, clinician compliance consistently exceeds 95%. Simultaneously, available data indicate that the incidence of selected adverse events has decreased. ARA, developed as a process improvement initiative to reduce patient harm in several vulnerable perioperative patient populations, demonstrates how proactive safety strategies can improve clinical outcomes and create better perioperative cultures. At various sites, NAPA anesthesia clinicians reported that ARA's collaboration strategies were transformative behaviors that extended beyond the operating room. Other health care providers may customize the lessons learned from ARA with a Safety II approach.

Application of a comprehensive framework to investigate worker well-being among head start staff

The purpose of this study was to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with five domains of worker well-being as well as overall well-being based on a multilevel framework among a large sample of Head Start staff. The National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety’s Worker Well-Being Questionnaire (WellBQ) was completed by 332 Head Start staff in Colorado. We ran linear regression models to investigate associations between demographics, each domain, and overall well-being score. The strongest correlations were between work evaluation and experience, and workplace policies and culture (r = .72, p < .01), between work policies and culture, and workplace physical environment and safety climate (r = .64, p < .01), and between work evaluation and experience, and workplace physical environment and safety climate (r = .58, p < .01). Non-White individuals reported higher satisfaction related to the environment and safety climate domain (p < .05) and the home, community, and society domain (p < .01) compared to White individuals. Support staff reported higher satisfaction related to the work evaluation and experience domain and workplace policies and culture domain compared to classroom staff (both p < .05). Staff in supervisor roles reported statistically significantly poorer health status compared to classroom staff (p < .05). These findings inform future application of the WellBQ to the ECE workforce including the development of multilevel well-being promotion interventions.

방사능 누출 상황 발생 시 과학기술정보통신부의 역할에 관한 연구

The Ministry of Science &amp; ICT is a central agency in South Korea that oversees the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute and the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety as affiliated institutions. Furthermore, the ministry possesses a research reactor and is responsible for nuclear safety research. South Korea established a crisis management manual specifically for nuclear safety and nuclear safety field is coordinated by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, with relevant ministries holding operational manuals for nuclear safety crisis response. In this study, we analyze how central agencies with operational manuals for nuclear safety define the role of the Ministry of Science &amp; ICT. Furthermore, through in-depth interviews with institutions related to nuclear safety, we extract the roles, tasks, and limitations that the Ministry of Science &amp; ICT currently holds in the event of a radiological event. Finally, this study suggest the considerations such as establishing legal grounds, designating departments for roles specified in the standard manual, and exploring additional collaborative roles for the Ministry of Science &amp; ICT’s crisis management manual.

Chemical risks in the medical biology laboratory

Although biological/infectious risks are the most important in a medical biology laboratory, chemical risks should not be underestimated. Chemical products are used for analyses, and for disinfecting premises and equipment. Their toxicity imposes strict legislation, which is available to medical biologists in the French Labor Code, European legislation and Inrs (National Institute for Research and Safety) documentation. These sources are necessary because chemical risks are not taken into account by COFRAC (Comité français d'accréditation). The educational aim of this article is threefold: to identify the hazards and risks associated with the use of chemical products; to explain what to do in the event of an accident; and, finally, to provide information on prevention and protection.

Does Safety Matter? Formal Safety Institutions and Women Microenterprise Failure in India

Does Safety Matter? Formal Safety Institutions and Women Microenterprise Failure in India