Inspection Service Research Articles

Estimating Chalkiness in Endosperm of Typical and Bleached Durum Kernels from Transmission Scanned Images

HighlightsDurum wheat kernels were examined using flatbed scanner in transmission mode.Image processing routines were written to determine the %chalkiness per kernel.The distribution of %chalkiness uniquely described market samples.Abstract. The vitreousness of durum samples is regarded by the worldwide wheat industry as an important quality factor for durum shipments. One issue with grading durum occurs on occasional years of unfavorable harvest conditions which result in the kernel outer bran becoming cloudy. Imaging scanners can use either reflective or transmitted lighting. All scanned images of our durum samples were collected using transmissive lighting. Although, “vitreousness” is the usual term applied to durum samples, for this study, “chalkiness” or the inverse property was featured.Both typical and bleached durum kernels were imaged and analyzed. Bleaching seeds has aided grain inspector to visually evaluate the kernels. With computer imaging analysis of bleached kernels, the magnitude of %chalk was significantly attenuated with bleaching verses typical kernels. Still, discrimination of medium and highly chalky kernels was possible with both the typical and bleached seeds.Seed orientation was a source of measurement variability. Seeds were manually and carefully oriented into two distinctly different positions. At the critical lower levels of detection, crease-down orientation may indicate a 100% vitreous seed with the two-dimension view of the scanner, but then 11 of 25 seeds measured some amount of chalkiness when the seed was turned on its side. Furthermore, for seeds with higher amounts of chalkiness, over half of those seeds measured 30% differences.Several durum market samples were provided by Federal Grain Inspection Service and contained levels of non-vitreous seeds for each of three sub-classes of durum: 80%, 65%, 50% vitreous seed. The samples were imaged and analyzed, and chalkiness distributions were plotted. These plots characterize the %chalk for the three classes of wheat. The imaging methods worked satisfactorily for the high and medium levels %chalk per kernel. But the very-low level of chalkiness per kernel proved to be more challenging and was not consistent. Keywords: Grain inspection, HVAC (hard and vitreous kernels of amber color), Image analysis, Vitreousness.

Do Poisonings in Schools Affect the Targeting of Rospotrebnadzor Inspections?

The study examines the targeting of scheduled and surprise inspections of school food services conducted by Rospotrebnadzor. Using reports of cases of mass poisoning from open sources and official inspection data, we look at the association between inspections and mass poisoning incidents in Russian schools. We find that schools are the most audited organizations among all areas of economic activity. Schools bear a significant part of the regulatory burden, contrary to the popular belief that the business actors are the most audited. However, we do not find any changes in the organization of inspections after food poisoning incidents. We also outline the limitations of the risk-based approach in educational institutions.

CALIDENA methodology for quality infrastructure service assessment and improvement in wheat value chains

Wheat is one of Ethiopia's most important cereal crops in terms of the area of land allocated, the volume produced, and the number of farmers engaged in its production. About 4.7 million farmers produce 3.9 million tons of wheat across 1.6 million hectares of land. Despite the significant potential of the country, some challenges exist to attain wheat self-sufficiency. These challenges spread across the wheat value chain (WVC); wherein quality-related issues are prominent. Therefore, assessing the national quality infrastructure (NQI) service and offering mitigation schemes is a goal to pursue. To do so, this paper evaluates NQI services in the WVC and proposes an improvement mechanism using the CALIDENA methodology. Results show WVC is subjected to a significant number of quality-related issues mainly associated with conformity assessment service (calibration, certification, inspection, and testing) and standards. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for NQI service improvement to improve the WVC.

Impacto econômico de lesões pleurais crônicas e consequente desqualificação de carcaças para exportação durante inspeção em frigoríficos de suínos

ABSTRACT: Chronic pleuritis is the main reason for sending pig carcasses to the Department of Final Inspection (DIF), condemnation and led to economic losses to industries and producers. Most pleura lesions detected after slaughter are sequelae from bacterial infections by agents that do not pose risks to pork consumers. The objective of the present study was to generate science-based information for decision making in the evaluation and destination of chronic pleuritis by the Federal Inspection Service (SIF). Therefore, 200 carcasses, with and without pleurisy, from a swine slaughterhouse with SIF were assessed following the visual classification of the inspection agent. The study was carried out in two stages. In stage 1, 50 carcasses with pneumonic lesions adjacent to chronic pleuritis and 50 carcasses with only chronic pleuritis lesions were evaluated, through macroscopy, histopathology, and bacterial culture. In stage 2, 50 swine carcasses with chronic pleuritis and 50 without this lesion were sampled in the parietal pleura region to bacterial culture and PCR. The economic impact of not exporting these carcasses with chronic pleuritis was also assessed. Considering the stages of evolution of the lesions, the macroscopic examination showed high correlation with the histological examination. There was no bacterial isolation through pleural swabs, regardless of the presence or not of adjacent pulmonary lesions. Isolation was restricted to the adjacent pulmonary lesions of 70% samples, with Pasteurella multocida type A found in 48% of them, followed by P. multocida type D and Streptococcus suis in 12%, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in 3%. Only Streptococcus suis DNA was detected in 5/100 samples, with no correspondence to the isolation of viable bacteria. The reliability demonstrated in the macroscopic evaluation carried out during inspection, the absence of viable bacteria in the chronic pleural lesions, and the negative economic impact suggest that carcasses with chronic pleuritis can be submitted to pleura removal, with no need of sending to DIF.

Anatomopathological alterations and destinations of cattle carcass in Brazil €“ 2017 to 2019

Brazil is a major beef producer and exporter. However, carcasses with anatomopathological alterations can cause economic losses by being the target of some type of condemnation or being conditionally used. The objective of this research work was to analyze the anatomopathological changes and destinations of bovine carcasses in Brazil, from March 30, 2017, to December 31, 2019. Data were collected through the Management Information System of the Federal Inspection Service (SIGSIF), made available online by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA). It was observed that 67,456,321 bovines were slaughtered, and 2.0% of the carcasses were condemned or conditionally used. The southernregion of the country had the highest occurrence of anatomopathological alterations in the carcasses (4.5%), while the Northeast had the lowest (0.1%). The main criterion for judging carcasses in the country was partial condemnation, with 81.7% of judgments established. The main causes of condemnations and conditional use were contamination (31.5%), cysticercosis (21.2%), contusion (11.3%), adenitis (7.4%) and abscess (6.5%). It was noted that a standardization of records in the SIGSIF would be important for a clearer collection ofinformation and for the recording itself by slaughterhouses. The importance of veterinary inspection to guarantee the commercialization of safe meats to consumers was evidenced.

Epidemiologia e impacto econômico da cisticercose bovina no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Bovine cysticercosis (BCC) is an important disease in Brazil due to its detection in abattoirs, resulting in economic losses for cattle farmers, and a public health corcern. Besides its importance, the knowledge about BCC epidemiology and impact remains not fully described in several areas in this country, requiring more studies. Thus, this study focused on establishing BCC prevalence in the regions and municipalities of the state of Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2019, establishing the associated risk factors, and estimating the economic losses for cattle farmers. A set of 2,330 cases of BCC was detected in the 407,529 bovine inspected by Federal Inspection Service (0.57%; C.I. 95% 0.55 - 0.60%) with a higher detection of unviable cysticercus (66.14%). The beef producers lost at least US$153,000.20 due to BCC through this period. The highest risk for BCC infection occurred in Metropolitana (OR = 9.19), Litoral Sul (OR = 7.77), Caparó (OR = 7.44), and Central Sul (OR = 7.19) mesoregions, respectively. The BCC was detected in animals from 67 municipalities and its prevalence increased in areas with high human population density (OR = 1.58;; p = 0.01). In conclusion, BCC is an important disease for beef production chain in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo and a cause of economic losses, mainly in some areas, and urgently requires the adoption of prophylactic strategies to reduce the ocurrence of this parasite.

Factors associated with the purchase of family farming products for national school feeding program in Minas Gerais in 2017, Brazil

ABSTRACT: The National School Feeding Program (in abbreviated Portuguese: PNAE) states that ≥30% of the amount transferred by the National Fund for Education Development (in abbreviated Portuguese: FNDE) to the executing entities should be used to purchase products made from Family Farming (FF). This study aimed to identify the municipal characteristics associated with the compliance of the municipalities of Minas Gerais (MG) to this target in 2017. For this, data on municipal purchases of FF for the PNAE were obtained from the FNDE’s website. Sociodemographic, economic, and agricultural characteristics of the municipalities were associated with compliance to the PNAE’s goal. Approximately half (55.07%) of the municipalities complied with the FF purchase target, wherein carrying out programs or actions to encourage organic agriculture (29.8% vs. 22.6%, p=0.018) were associated with a greater compliance to this target, presenting the official rural union registration (76.4% vs. 68.8%, p=0.026) and the Municipal Inspection Service: (35.6% vs. 29.1%, p=0.048). Overall, a low compliance to the goal was observed in MG municipalities, and associations between certain agricultural management characteristics and goal fulfillment were evidenced.

KPIs and Sustainability of Inspection Services SMEs in Foreign Trade

KPIs and Sustainability of Inspection Services SMEs in Foreign Trade

Survey of Questionnaire for Citizen Satisfaction Research on Water Quality Inspection service in Suwon Water Supply

현행 수돗물 수질검사서비스를 보다 발전적이고 적극적으로 실시하기 위해 시민들의 의견 및 수질검사서비스 만족도 관련 설문조사를 활용한 조사 및 분석으로 향후 시민들의 입장에서 수질검사서비스의 질(Service Quality) 향상을 위한 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 조사기간은 2020년 10월 26일부터 30일간이며, 연구 대상으로는 수원시 상수도사업소에 민원업무를 접수한 이용자와 수원시 및 인근지역 시민으로 유효 표본 집단 총 497명이다. 연구 방법으로는 구조화된 조사표를 이용한 전화 및 면담 설문조사로 진행하였으며, 조사항목은 수돗물 이용에 따른 만족도와 개선사항이다. 상수도서비스의 만족도를 평가하는 각각의 항목들은 Likert 5점 척도로 측정하였다(매우 만족 5점, 보통 3점, 매우 불만족 1점). 수원시 상수도서비스의 객관적 만족도 평가에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 각각 독립변수로 하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였는데 그 결과는 유의수준 0.05로 하여 수돗물 음용요인, 수질관리 요인, 물 공급서비스 요인, 요금부과 및 납부, 업무처리 요인 등 총 5개 모두가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 표준회귀계수(Beta)값을 비교해 보면 수질관리요인, 업무처리만족도, 요금부과 및 납부 순으로 나타나고 있는데 통계적 결과가 나타내는 의미는 상수도서비스에 영향을 미치는 수질관리개선노력, 상수도사업소 직원의 업무처리만족도, 수도요금 등에 대한 개별요인들의 만족도가 클수록 상수도서비스에 대한 만족도가 상승된다고 할 수 있다. 수원시의 수돗물 음용에 대한 평가에서는 수돗물을 직접 음용한다는 비율보다 정수기나 생수를 음용한다는 비율이 훨씬 높은데 이는 식수로 이용하기가 불안하고, 물맛이 좋지 않다 라는 의견이 제시됨에 따라 수돗물의 직접 음용을 높이기 위해서는 정기적인 수질검사와 수질개선 관리로 수돗물을 직접 음용해도 안전하다 라는 홍보가 필요할 것으로 생각되어진다. 수돗물 수질에 대해 신뢰한다는 수준이 신뢰하지 못한다는 의견보다 높게 나온 것은 수돗물에 대한 신뢰가 있기 때문에 향후 수돗물 수질관리 유지에 대한 노력과 보다 높은 수질개선을 위한 행정적 절차를 마련하여 안심하고 음용할 수 있는 수돗물을 안정적으로 제공하여야 할 것이다. 수원시 상수도 사업소의 종합 만족도는 업무처리 정확성이 가장 높았고, 그 다음으로 담당직원의 친절성, 전반적 만족도, 업무처리 신속성 및 담당직원 전문성으로 조사되었기에 상수도 사업소 직원의 전문성 강화를 위해 노력해야 할 것이다.

Validation of the 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) for the Detection of Shiga Toxin Gene (stx1 and/or stx2) in Fresh Raw Ground Beef and Fresh Spinach: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 071903.

BackgroundThe 3M™ Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) method is based on gene amplification by the use of real time loop-mediated isothermal amplification when used with the 3M Molecular Detection System for the rapid and specific detection of Shiga toxin gene (stx1 and/or stx2) from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in enriched foods. The stx assay does not differentiate between stx1 and stx2 but detects the presence of stx1 and/or stx2.ObjectiveThe 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) method was evaluated for AOAC® Performance Tested MethodsSM certification.MethodsMatrix studies, inclusivity/exclusivity, robustness testing, product stability, and lot-to-lot variability testing were conducted to assess the method’s performance.ResultsThe 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) demonstrated equivalent results to the United States Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook Chapter 5C.00 reference method for fresh raw ground beef, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 4A reference method for fresh spinach. The 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) detected all STEC E. coli strains (E. coli strains with stx1 and/or stx2 genes) and did not detect any of the 45 strains from the exclusivity panel. Robustness testing indicated that small variations in critical test parameters did not adversely affect the assay’s performance. Product consistency and stability testing demonstrated no differences between the lots evaluated.ConclusionThe data collected in these studies demonstrate that the 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) is a reliable method for the rapid and specific detection of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in raw ground beef and spinach.HighlightsThe 3M Molecular Detection Assay 2 - STEC Gene Screen (stx) method is suitable for the rapid and specific detection of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in fresh raw ground beef, and spinach.

Older Victims of Mass Marketing Scams: An Analysis of Data Seized From Scammers

Mass marketing scams are some of the most common frauds in America, and include scams perpetrated through the mail. A growing body of research indicates that older adults face a greater risk of victimization due to age-related changes in cognitive functioning and social isolation, and may be more likely to fall victim repeatedly. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of repeat mass marketing fraud (revictimization) among older adults and patterns of victimization associated with age, scam type, seasonality, and geography. We use two decades of non-public administrative data from the United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS). These databases were seized during law enforcement investigations of mass mailing scam organizations and contain more than 2 million unique U.S. victims and their transactions with four different fraud organizations. Victims were matched across datasets using name, address, and a change of address file. We find that revictimization rates increase with age in psychic scams. The 10,000 victims who responded the most times (between 82 and 562 times) were 78 years old on average and suffered $4,700 in total losses per person. Other significant trends emerged for lottery and sweepstakes scams. Unlike prior fraud victimization studies, inferences on victim characteristics are based on actual victim experiences with fraud rather than hypothetical scenarios or surveys where victims must self-report fraud. Findings provide valuable policy-relevant information regarding older victims and the patterns of chronic victimization.

Comparison of Statistical Methods for Identifying Risk Factors for Salmonella Contamination of Whole Chicken Carcasses

The complexity of the food system makes analyzing microbiological data from food studies challenging because many of the assumptions (e.g., linear relationship between independent and dependent variable and independence of observations) associated with common analytical approaches (e.g., analysis of variance) are violated. Repeated sampling within an establishment introduces longitudinal correlation that must be accounted for during analyses. In this study, statistical methods for clustered or correlated data were used to determine how correlation impacts conclusions and to compare how assumptions associated with statistical methods impact the appropriateness of these methods within the context of food safety. Risk factor analyses for Salmonella contamination of whole chicken carcasses were conducted as a case study with regulatory data collected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service between May 2015 and December 2019 from 203 regulated establishments. Three models, generalized estimating equation, random effects, and logistic, were fit to Salmonella presence or absence data with establishment demographics and inspection history included as potential covariates. Beta parameter estimates and their standard errors and odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were compared across models. Conclusions drawn from the three models differed with respect to geographic region, whether the chicken establishment also slaughters turkeys, and establishment noncompliance with 9 CFR §417.4 (hazard analysis critical control point system validation, verification, and reassessment) in the 84 days leading up to sample collection. The results of this study reveal the need to consider clustering and correlation when analyzing food microbiological data, provide context for selecting a statistical method, and suggest that generalized estimating equation and random effects models are preferrable over logistic regression when analyzing correlated food data. These results support a renewed focus on statistical methodology in food safety.

Performance Management System Design of Inspection Bodies in Indonesia

In order to increase economic growth through infrastructure development in Indonesia, the Government has agreed to increase strategic projects that are urgent to be implemented in the short term. The total project investment reaches IDR 4.183 trillion must be controlled and managed properly, this is where the Inspection Body is needed. The number of Inspection Bodies in Indonesia registered with the National Accreditation Committee (KAN) is 169 institutions. Of the total inspection bodies, 120 are active and have ISO 17020 certificates, while 44 other inspection bodies have their operational licenses revoked and 5 other inspection bodies have been suspended. Seeing this phenomenon, the question arises, why do 26% of the total inspection bodies in Indonesia have their operational permits revoked and the other 3% are frozen? Whereas the existence of this Inspection Agency is very strategic and needed in assisting the supervision of the implementation of national development projects, especially with the large potential benefits, namely 1% of the total value of national projects? This research uses the Balanced Scorecard with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) weighting, the results of performance measurement at inspection service companies in 2020, the high score is financial performance 84%, second place is customer performance at 68%, learning, and growth with a score of 42% is in third place, and the last position is 38% of internal business processes. The total score of the inspection service company's performance is 231% (with an average of 57.76%) which means that the performance of the inspection body/company is currently not good. To test employee satisfaction, a questionnaire was conducted on 23 respondents from 4 inspection companies who were randomly selected from various positions ranging from managers to field inspectors, the results were still quite good, namely 3.99 (scale 1-5).

AUV localisation: a review of passive and active techniques

Localisation, i.e. estimation of one’s position in a given environment is a crucial element of many mobile systems, manned and unmanned. Due to the high demand for autonomous exploration, patrolling and inspection services and a rapid improvement of batteries, sensors and machine learning algorithms, the quality of localisation becomes even more important for smart robotic systems. The underwater domain is a very challenging environment due to the water blocking most of the signals over short distances. Recent results in localisation techniques for underwater vehicles are summarised in two principal categories: passive techniques, which strive to provide the best estimation of the vehicle’s position (global or local) given the past and current information from sensors, and active techniques, which additionally produce guidance output that is expected to minimise the uncertainty of estimated position.

Italian Acarine species intercepted in the United States

ABSTRACT In the last century, biological invasions have increased greatly due to the intensification in international trade and world climate change, thus representing one of the most relevant issues for agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States, from 2019 to 2021, intercepted different species from Italy belonging to the Orders Ixodida, Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes. The study reported four new records and several new host plant associations. In this framework, the inspection system not only plays a relevant role in the plant protection, human and animal health, but also contributes to the knowledge of the Acari fauna from exporting countries.

Autonomous mobile robot for visual inspection of MEP provisions

Quality control inspection is an imperative procedure in the construction industry. During construction, to get the plaster clearance of a specified area, the quality control engineer has to validate the mechanical, electrical and, plumbing (MEP) provisions laid out in the construction site with an engineering drawing approved by the consultant. The proposed system illustrates the implementation of an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) for inspecting MEP provisions amidst the construction phase. Power distribution, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), telecommunications, water supply, and drainage are few examples of MEP engineering subsystems. In this paper, the main focus is on the inspection of plumbing services. These include provisions for washbasin and faucet in washrooms and sink in the kitchen area. The feedback program generated gives the evaluation result on the count of plumbing provisions inspected.

Incorporating animal forensics in routine meat inspection in the Philippines

Robust species identification of unprocessed and processed meat is essential to ensure the safety and quality of food products. Meat adulteration results from the wrong identification of animal sources, contamination of different meats during processing, or intentional meat substitution using those from other species and non-meat products of lower economic value. This review discusses the potential applications of DNA barcoding in routine meat inspections in the Philippines. Developing mini-barcode primer sets to enhance the utility of conventional techniques is critical in adopting DNA barcoding technology as a robust tool for routine inspections of meat sold commercially, including those intended for the halal meat industry. Increasing the ability of the Philippine National Meat Inspection Service to document the number, types, and scope of meat fraud is a step forward in finally using animal forensic science as a valuable component of its regulatory functions for the protection of the meat-consuming public.

Augmented reality and mixed reality behavior navigation system for telexistence remote assistance

Considering the increased importance of telework systems in economies affected by COVID-19, telexistence technologies for remote guidance and navigation in general human activities are widely expected to prove beneficial in various applications, including plant maintenance, infrastructure inspection, and medical services. In prior work, we have proposed a behavior navigation system (BNS) using augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies to provide remote assistance. Resembling a conventional gesture-based remote assistance system, our previously proposed motion guidance technology was designed to ensure that the motion of a non-expert user followed the motion of a remote expert sequentially and in a relatively accurate manner, similar to that of telexistence robots. As yet, the poor performance of head-mounted displays (HMDs) has presented major obstacles to the commercialization of BNSs. Enabled by the introduction of practical, modern HMDs, we present a novel BNS configuration and detail our implementation of the proposed system with an assessment of its performance. Experimental results show that compared to a conventional remote assistance system, our proposed approach achieved reduced working time, equal or increased task success rate (not statistically significant), and a higher subjective user evaluation.

Condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos de abate de frangos do município de Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Ten slaughterhouses were visited, using a checklist as an evaluation criterion, seeking to assess the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities, equipment, handlers, environment, production, and food transportation, during the entire slaughtering process, to verify compliance with current legislation. The slaughterhouses visited (10 / 100%) had no Official Inspection Service and did not obey the rules established by legislation, showing precarious physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of operation. Most of the establishments (9 / 90%) were located in the urban area and one (10%) in the rural area. None of them followed the animal welfare recommendations. Moreover, seven (70%) establishments had no waste treatment and the residues were dumped in an open area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in Parnaíba pose risks to meet quality and the health of slaughterhouses employees and people who consume the products from those establishments.

Risk Factors for Salmonella Contamination of Whole Chicken Carcasses following Changes in U.S. Regulatory Oversight

Salmonella is a common cause of foodborne illness in the United States and often is linked to chicken products. Salmonella contamination has been associated with meat processing facility characteristics, such as the number of employees (i.e., hazard analysis critical control point [HACCP]-based definition of size). The risk factors for Salmonella contamination in U.S. poultry have not been evaluated since implementation of the New Poultry Inspection System (NPIS) in 2014. The goal of this study was to determine whether risk factors for Salmonella contamination changed after implementation of the NPIS. Presence or absence of Salmonella in whole chicken carcasses was modeled using microbiological testing data collected from 203 poultry processing establishments by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service between May 2015 and December 2019. A model was fit using generalized estimating equations for weekly presence or absence of Salmonella, and production volume, geographic location, and season were included as potential covariates among other establishment demographics. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from the marginal model. Of the 40,497 analyzable samples, 1,725 (4.26%) were positive for Salmonella. Odds of contamination was lower among establishments slaughtering ≥10,000,000 birds per year (OR = 0.466; 95% CI, [0.307, 0.710]) and establishments producing ready-to-eat finished products (OR = 0.498; 95% CI, [0.298, 0.833]) and higher among establishments historically (previous 84 days) noncompliant with HACCP regulations (OR = 1.249; 95% CI, [1.071, 1.456]). Contamination also significantly varied by season and geographic region, with higher odds of contamination during summer and outside the MidEast Central region. These results support continuation of targeted food safety policies and initiatives promoting pathogen reduction by establishments with smaller volumes and those noncompliant with HACCP regulations.