Concentrations Of Inorganic Salts Research Articles

Molecular dynamics simulations of betaine-based deep eutectic solvents with varying iso-alcohols chain lengths

Betaine-based (BET) deep eutectic solvents (DESs) made with isoalcohols of varying hydrocarbon chain lengths, namely triethylene glycol (TEG), 1, 2-ethanediol (ETD), 1, 3-propanediol (PPD) and 1, 4-butanediol (BTD) were modelled. Their effects on the formation of aqueous biphasic system (ABS) with 2 M dipotassium phosphate salt solution (K2HPO4) as well as the extraction of common protein molecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA), were studied using molecular dynamics simulation with Gromacs. Qualitative and quantitative data were used to analyse the simulation results, which includes visualised systems in equilibrium, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration, radial distribution function (RDF) and hydrogen bond analysis. The results and literature research validated the role of inorganic salt solute concentration on the phase forming ability as well as the possibility of protein denaturation. More investigations and experimental works are to be carried out regarding the type of inorganic salt and its concentration for aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) with alcohol based DESs and salt solution for protein extraction purposes. This is essential to understand the salting-out effect and to isolate the effects of hydrocarbon chain length from other influencing factors. Additionally, inorganic salt concentrations, presence of ether linkage as well as hydrocarbon chain length is shown to play a role in the dynamics between molecules in the system as well as protein conformational changes. Overall, ABS incorporating PPD and BTD with hydrocarbon chain lengths not exceeding C4 demonstrated superior performance in terms of protein conformational stability and interaction, showcasing their efficacy in protein extraction process.

Ions effect on tunable coacervate and its relevance to the Hofmeister series

Ion induced self-assembly allows a better understanding of the natural self-assemblies such as proteins, colloids and polymers, etc. However, little is known about ions mediated tunable coacervates. Herein, we show that the Hofmeister series of ions can be used to explain the tunable coacervates induced by different types of ions. The assembly of benzenesulfonate and polyetheramine undergoes the transformation from bilayer vesicles to the network structure of bottom coacervate with the increased concentration of inorganic salt, and the tunable coacervates of surfactants was found to be highly dependent on the ion species in solution. The affinity and compatibility of cations and surfactant follows Li+ > Na+ > K+, which determines the disturbance range of water molecules in the hydration shell of surfactant, resulting in different states of the final aggregates varying from precipitate, upper coacervate to bottom coacervate. The chaotropic anions (e.g., I−) have more pronounced dehydration effect on surfactants compared with kosmotropic anions (e.g., F−), and the ability of anions induced the transition from the bottom to the upper coacervate follows I−> Br− > Cl− >F−. Since the structural transformation of bottom coacervate requires conformational entropy, the release of water molecules is thermodynamically favorable for the transition of coacervates, which is also verified by the fact that the occurrence of dehydration drives the bottom coacervate upward to the upper coacervate during the heating process. These results provide a close link between the Hofmeister series and the controllable coacervates, which is of importance for further progress in ion specificity effects and creates a basic physicochemistry skeleton to understand this important phenomenon.

Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the prevalence and related risk factors of sarcopenia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).MethodsThis cohort study enrolled 165 patients on MHD. The patients were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups based on the presence of sarcopenia or not. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the consensus of the Asian Sarcopenia Working Group that considers reduced muscle mass and decreased muscle strength (19). The muscle mass was measured using the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (Inbody260) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) was used: <7.0 kg/m2 (male); <5.7 kg/m2 (female) - with muscle mass reduction. The electronic grip dynamometer was used for measuring dominant handgrip strength (HGS) to reflect muscle strength. Male patients with HGS < 28 kg and female patients with HGS < 18 kg were considered with a decrease in muscle strength. The demographic characteristics, laboratory indexes, anthropometrical measurements, body compositions, and InBody score were compared between groups. The multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the risk factors for sarcopenia.ResultsOf the 165 patients on MHD, 36 had sarcopenia, and the prevalence was 21.82%. Patients in the sarcopenia group had higher ages and lower body mass index, serum albumin level, circumference of waist, hip, and biceps, handgrip strength, total water content, protein inorganic salt concentrations, skeletal muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, obesity degree, SMI, and body fat content. The multivariate logistic regression showed that age, waist circumference, handgrip strength, and InBody score were influencing factors for sarcopenia in patients on hemodialysis.ConclusionThe prevalence of sarcopenia was high in patients on MHD. Higher age, lower waist circumference, lower handgrip strength, and lower InBody score were independent risk factors for sarcopenia in such patients.

Study on the Influence of Salinity, TDS, GWL and Land Use in the Coastal Region of Kebumen Regency with a Statistical Approach

This study investigates the impact of salinity levels, total dissolved solids (TDS), groundwater levels (GWL), and land use patterns in the coastal region of Kebumen Regency, employing a statistical approach. Coastal areas are often vulnerable to salinity variations, which can significantly affect the surrounding ecosystems and land utilization. The research aims to discern the correlation between TDS, salinity levels, GWL and land use practices in this specific region, employing statistical analysis as a means of quantifying and understanding these relationships. Total dissolved solids (TDS) represent the concentration of inorganic salts, minerals, and ions in water bodies and play a crucial role in the overall water quality of coastal areas. Salinity levels, on the other hand, directly affect TDS and are influenced by factors such as tidal patterns and freshwater input. Groundwater levels affect salinity and TDS. Land use practices, including agricultural, residential, and industrial activities, profoundly impact coastal ecosystems and are often influenced by salinity levels. This study utilizes statistical methods to analyze the complex interplay between TDS, salinity, GWL, and land use in the Kebumen Regency coastal region. By examining data related to TDS, salinity, GWL, and land utilization, this research seeks to contribute valuable insights into the sustainable management of coastal environments. The findings of this study are expected to inform decision-making processes for the benefit of local communities and ecosystems, guiding future policies and practices for the preservation and balanced development of coastal areas in Kebumen Regency

Molecular dynamics simulation and key performance study of VES self-diverting acid system for deep carbonate reservoirs

Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) self-diverting acid technology is an ideal approach for enhanced recovery from heterogeneous reservoirs. Most VES self-diverting acid systems currently used in field operations are only suitable for low-temperature reservoirs, and research on self-diverting VES acid systems for deep carbonate rock formations is lacking. Additionally, studies on the molecular dynamics of the self-assembly of VES have mainly focused on cationic surfactants, with insufficient research on the self-assembly of betaines in the oil industry. This study investigated the effects of temperature, surfactant concentration, and metal ion concentration on the self-assembly of erucamide propyl hydroxysulfobetaine (EHSB) based on a self-assembly model through molecular simulation methods. Moreover, the viscosity of the EHSB was predicted under various conditions. The results indicated that the system viscosity was optimal at an EHSB concentration of 4 wt%. The EHSB system requires initiation by metal ions to enhance the viscosity, with Ca2+ having a more pronounced effect than Mg2+. This is attributed to the formation of a unique “octahedral” structure by Ca2+ in solution, which aids in the formation of large micelles. Furthermore, because of the smaller ionic radius of Mg2+ compared with that of Ca2+, Mg2+ is more likely to penetrate micelles and form salt bridges, promoting a tighter arrangement of surfactant molecules. Based on molecular simulation and laboratory experiments, under optimal concentrations of inorganic salts and EHSB, the system’s viscosity remained greater than 150 mPa·s at 140 °C, meeting the requirements for diversion in deep carbonate rock formations. Finally, the acidization capacity and diversion effects of the acidic system were demonstrated using single-core flood and dual-core diversion experiments. The results showed that the acid solution significantly etched the core, and the residual acid reduced the permeability contrast of the core from 3.54 to 2.35, indicating a good acidizing diversion performance. This study utilizes a combination of computer simulations and laboratory experiments to optimize a VES self-diverting acid system. The computer-predicted viscosity corresponds well with the actual measured viscosity, providing new technical insights for evaluating the performance of VES under complex formation conditions that are unattainable through laboratory tests. A self-diverting VES acid system suitable for deep carbonate rock reservoirs at 140 °C was developed, providing technical support for the efficient development of deep carbonate reservoirs.

Adsorption Behaviors and Mechanism of Phenol and Catechol in Wastewater by Magnetic Graphene Oxides: A Comprehensive Study Based on Adsorption Experiments, Mathematical Models, and Molecular Simulations.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of phenol and catechol on magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) nanocomposites based on adsorption experiments, mathematical models, and molecular simulations. Through systematic experiments, the influence of various parameters, including contact time, pH conditions, and ionic strength, on the adsorption efficacy was comprehensively evaluated. The optimal contact time for adsorption was identified as 60 min, with the observation that an increase in inorganic salt concentration adversely affected the MGOs' adsorption capacity for both phenol and catechol. Specifically, MGOs exhibited a superior adsorption performance under mildly acidic conditions. The adsorption isotherm was well represented by the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer coverage and finite adsorption sites for both pollutants. In terms of adsorption kinetics, a pseudo-first-order kinetic model was the most suitable for describing phenol adsorption, while catechol adsorption conformed more closely to a pseudo-second-order model, indicating distinct adsorption processes for these two similar compounds. Furthermore, this research utilized quantum chemical calculations to decipher the interaction mechanisms at the molecular level. Such calculations provided both a visual representation and a quantitative analysis of the interactions, elucidating the underlying physical and chemical forces governing the adsorption phenomena. The findings could not only offer crucial insights for the treatment of coal industrial wastewater containing phenolic compounds with bridging macroscopic observations with microscopic theoretical explanations but also advance the understanding of material-pollutant interactions in aqueous environments.

Therapeutic potential and chemo-morphological characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extracts of Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag.

In present study, bioreduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles was carried out using leaf extracts of Monarda citriodora plant. Different reaction parameters viz: inorganic silver salt (AgNO3) concentration, monarda extract concentration, pH and reaction time were varied to optimize the conditions for maximum recovery of silver nanoparticles. Monarda citriodora plant could efficiently bio-reduce silver ions. The efficiency of process increased with increasing salt concentration. Maximum recovery of AgNO3 was attained at 5 mM concentration with 5% concentration of MC leaf extract. The mixture incubated for 24 h at pH 8 gave maximum recovery. The images from scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the dispersed state of silver nanoparticles. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) graphs depicted that silver nanoparticles comprised 91.97% of silver mixed with some groups like N and Al acting as capping agents. Presence of organic groups like –OH was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) graphs. The x-ray diffractometer (XRD) peaks corroborated with presence of silver in mixture. Antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities of nanoparticles were studied. From the results it was observed that silver nano-particles are potential agonistics to many microbial strains and also have efficient free radical scavenging properties when compared with ascorbic acid.

Effects of Inorganic Salts on the Phase Separation of Partially Miscible Solutes.

Partially miscible solutions with a lower critical solution temperature have promising applications in the field of physical chemistry. To better guide the utilization of these solutions in practice, we conduct an in-depth study about the phase separation behavior of the solution added with inorganic salts. The addition of the inorganic salts into the solution is found to consequently reduce the phase separation temperature. The variation of concentrations of inorganic salts does not notably affect the mass fraction of the separation. Moreover, the addition of inorganic salts in the solutions at lower mass fractions improves the separation mass fraction, while the addition of inorganic salts decreases the separation mass fraction at the mass fractions above 30%. It sheds light on selecting the proper mass fractions and inorganic salt concentrations. Furthermore, we explore the phase separation behavior of mixed solutions under different inorganic salt additions by means of a high-speed camera. The phase separation behavior under different inorganic salt systems shows a similar trend. However, calcium ions and Fe3+ ions in the solutions can greatly decrease the rate of droplet coalescence and result in an increase in phase separation. For better regulating the solutions with a lower critical solution temperature through inorganic salts, sodium chloride or potassium chloride is recommended with an appropriate concentration.

Sustainable cotton dyeing with reactive dyes in the recycled dyeing wastewater

Purpose This paper aims to find a suitable solution to degrade the C.I. Reactive Red 24 (RR24) dyeing wastewater by using sodium persulphate to recycle water and inorganic salts. Design/methodology/approach The effects of temperature, the concentration of inorganic salts and Na2CO3 and the initial pH value on the degradation of RR24 were studied. Furthermore, the relationship between free radicals and RR24 degradation effect was investigated. Microscopic routes and mechanisms of dye degradation were further confirmed by testing the degradation karyoplasmic ratio of the product. The feasibility of the one-bath cyclic dyeing in the recycled dyeing wastewater was confirmed through the properties of dye utilization and color parameters. Findings The appropriate conditions were 0.3 g/L of sodium persulphate and treatment at 95°C for 30 min, which resulted in a decolorization rate of 98.4% for the dyeing wastewater. Acidic conditions are conducive to rapid degradation of dyes, while ·OH or SO4−· have a destructive effect on dyes under alkaline conditions. In the early stage of degradation, ·OH played a major role in the degradation of dyes. For sustainable cyclic dyeing of RR24, inorganic salts were reused in this dyeing process and dye uptake increased with the times of cycles. After the fixation, some Na2CO3 may be converted to other salts, thereby increasing the dye uptake in subsequent cyclic staining. However, it has little impact on the dye exhaustion rate and color parameters of dyed fabrics. Originality/value The recommended technology not only reduces the quantity of dyeing wastewater but also enables the recycling of inorganic salts and water, which meets the requirements of sustainable development and clean production.

Effects of Different Media and Their Strengths in In Vitro Culture of Three Different Cistus creticus L. Populations and Their Genetic Assessment Using Simple Sequence Repeat Molecular Markers

Cistus creticus L. (rockrose), a species of ecological and medicinal significance, constitutes a valuable component of the Mediterranean ecosystem. The present study investigated the effect of the inorganic salt concentration of Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), woody plant medium (WPM), and Driver and Kuniyaki Walnut medium (DKW) at several strengths (1/8×, 1/4×, 1/2×, 1×, and 2×) on the in vitro growth and organogenesis of rockrose. Significant interactions were observed throughout the experiments between pairs of plant origins, medium types, and strengths, and we also examined the extent to which they affected the studied traits was examined. The types of nutrient medium affected all studied traits except shoot and root percentages. The maximum growth percentage (143.49%) was gained using full-strength WPM. The best performance in shoot percentage was obtained using MS (100%) at several strengths along with 1× WPM (100%). The topmost rooting percentage values (98.61%) were obtained using 1× WPM and 1/2× DKW. The highest number of shoots and roots were observed using full-strength MS (9.39) and half-strength WPM (6.49), respectively. The maximum values for shoot and root length were achieved using 1/2× MS (0.78 cm) and 1/8× WPM (1.55 cm), respectively. The origin of the plant material did not influence any studied trait. Moreover, the genetic relations among the populations used in the in vitro culture were assessed using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Twenty-eight alleles were identified across all five STR loci. The different and effective alleles per locus were 5.60 and 4.72, respectively. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was estimated at 0.52 and 0.72, respectively. Shannon’s information index and the inbreeding coefficient (F) were assessed at 1.48 and 0.30, respectively, revealing a narrow genetic base and high genetic similarity among origins, suggesting that they belong to the same population.

Degradation Characteristics of Cellulose Acetate in Different Aqueous Conditions.

Cellulose acetate (CA) is widely used in cigarette filters and packaging films, but due to its acetylation, it is difficult to degrade in the natural environment, and the problem of pollution has become a serious challenge. Understanding the degradation behavior and performance of CA in different environments is the basis and prerequisite for achieving its comprehensive utilization and developing efficient degradation methods. In this study, we investigated the degradation performance of CA in different aqueous environments to evaluate the effects of pH, salinity and microorganisms on CA degradation. The CA tows and films were immersed in HCl, NaOH solution, river water, seawater or homemade seawater for 16 weeks and the degradation mechanism was investigated by the changes in weight loss rate, degree of substitution, hydrophilicity, molecular structure and surface morphology. The results showed that the degradation of CA tow and film were the fastest in NaOH solution; the weight loss rates after 16 weeks were 40.29% and 39.63%, respectively, followed by HCl solution, and the degradation performance of CA tow was better than that of film. After 16 weeks of degradation in river water, seawater and homemade seawater, all the weight loss rates were less than 3%. In summary, this study illustrated that the environmental acidity, basicity and high concentration of inorganic salts had a critical promotion effect on the non-enzymatic hydrolysis of CA, whereas the number and type of microorganisms were the key factors affecting the biodegradation of CA.

A salt-induced smart and tough clean hydrofracturing fluid with superior high-temperature and high-salinity resistance

Hydraulic fracturing is an important technology to improve oil and gas productivity for reservoirs of both conventional and unconventional. To minimize reservoir damage during hydraulic fracturing, researchers have aimed to develop clean fracturing fluids based on viscoelastic surfactants (VESs); however, reduced efficiency at high temperature and high salinity limits their wider applications. Here, an ultra-long-chain cationic surfactant docosyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride (DCTAC) was proposed to prepare fracturing fluid in the presence of high content of various inorganic salts to address this problem. DCTAC shows excellent salt tolerance, forming a homogeneous solution in 22 % NaCl or 55 % CaCl2 at 60 °C, which is several times higher than that for previously reported VESs. Salt can induce DCTAC to form an entangled three-dimensional wormlike micelles network, imparting the bulk fluid excellent rheological properties. DCTAC-thickened fluids show good sand-carrying and gel-breaking performance, and they can resist a temperature of up to 140 °C and a salinity level of at least 16 × 104 mg‧L−1. Compared with previously reported clean fracturing fluids, DCTAC-thickened fluid shows superior high-temperature and high-salinity resistance. The mechanism is elaborated and discussed. The findings in this study are helpful to understand surfactant aggregates stability and assist the development of novel stable supramolecular nanostructures.

Long-lasting antibacterial cellulose acetoacetate membrane loaded with Ag@UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticals for efficient dye/salt fractionation

Loose nanofiltration membranes (LNMs) have attracted increasing attention due to their applications in sustainable management of high salinity textile wastewater. Remained challenges include achieving efficient dye/salt fractionation and mitigating high biofouling tendencies. In this work, Ag-loaded UiO-66-NH2 (Ag@UiO-66-NH2) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple method of stirring, and subsequently used to blend with cellulose acetoacetate (CAA) to obtain antibacterial Ag@UiO-66-NH2 @CAA (MOF@CAA) LNMs. Water contact angle (WCA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) were used to characterize the MOF@CAA membranes. In addition, the antibacterial properties, pure water flux and dye/salt fractionation properties of the membrane were studied in detail. MOF@CAA LNMs has a porous surface and a sponge-like cross-sectional structure. The membrane has a reasonable water permeability (65.3 L/m2 h), a rejection of 99.2 % for Congo red (CR) and almost zero rejection to inorganic salts (CR concentration: 100 mg/L, inorganic salts concentration: 1000 mg/L, operating pressure: 0.2 MPa). In addition, the MOF@CAA LNMs reduced 99.70 % of E. coli and 99.69 % of S. aureus in the bacterial suspensions. It is also found that the release of Ag+ ion from the MOF@CAA LNMs is stably maintained at 0.1 μg L−1 day−1 for a period of 30 days. As the Ag nanoparticals (NPs) presented in the membrane were stably wrapped in UiO-66-NH2, its release could be maintained at a very slow rate continuously to achieve the purpose of controlled release and long-term sterilization.

Study on Purification of Emulsified Waste Liquid by Non-thermal Plasma

This paper uses the Non-thermal Plasma produced by dielectric barrier discharge to treat the emulsion waste liquid. The effects of discharge time, peak voltage, and initial concentration of waste liquid and inorganic salt on Chemical Oxygen Demand COD degradation and turbidity removal rate were studied. The primary and secondary order of influencing factors of the COD degradation rate of emulsion cutting waste liquid is discharge time > peak voltage > initial concentration of emulsion cutting waste liquid > inorganic salt type. That is to say, when 0.3000 g of anhydrous calcium chloride is added to the emulsion waste liquid prepared according to the ratio of 1:200, the peak discharge voltage is 30 kV, the discharge time is 4 hours, and the COD degradation rate is the best. The experimental results show that the COD degradation rate is 87.48%. The primary and secondary order of factors affecting the turbidity removal rate of emulsion-cutting waste liquid is peak voltage > inorganic salt type > initial concentration of emulsion-cutting waste liquid > discharge time. The experimental results show that the turbidity removal rate of emulsion waste liquid is 93.21%.

Insight into the aggregation and phase behavior for aqueous solution of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether with self-assembly induced optical and electrical properties

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGMBE) is a polar small molecule with amphiphilic characteristics, which can form various aggregates in aqueous solution. The solubility of EGMBE decreases as the temperature increasing with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The influence of temperature and salinity on aggregation behavior and solubility of EGMBE were thoroughly investigated in this paper. The phase transition temperatures of EGMBE aqueous solutions with different concentrations were determined and compared with literature. The completed phase diagram of the ternary system (water + NaCl + EGMBE) was constructed. The measured liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data can be well fitted to the commonly used empirical equations Othmer–Tobias, Bancroft and Setschenow. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement shows that the particle size of EGMBE aggregates increases with increasing concentration, reaching its maximum at EGMBE mass fraction of about 30 %. Increasing temperature and inorganic salt concentration can both promote the increase of particle size, especially when approaching the phase separation point, the particle size increases sharply, and the corresponding viscosity of EGMBE solution abnormally increases with increasing temperature. The Tyndall effect of EGMBE solution was also observed to be most significant at mass fraction around 30 %. It is interesting to note that the conductivity of EGMBE solution increases with increasing concentration, reaching its maximum value when the EGMBE mass fraction is about 30 %, though EGMBE is not conductive. The investigation of pyrene fluorescence probes and surface/interfacial tension also demonstrated the aggregation and surface adsorption of EGMBE.

Efficiently Removing Heavy Metals from High-Salinity Wastewater via Ionic Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems.

For the separation of metal ions, ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems (IL-ABSs) offer a promising alternative to solvent extraction. However, the incorporation of an extensive quantity of inorganic salts restricts their practical application. Because heavy metal wastewater often contains high concentrations of inorganic salts, it offers good prospects for the application of IL-ABSs in the separation of heavy metals. In this work, an IL-ABS was formed by tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([P44414]Cl), and simulated high-salinity wastewater (NaCl and Na2SO4 as the main inorganic salts) was used for the separation of heavy metals. The phase diagram results indicated that the formation of a two-phase system required a relatively high salt concentration. The extraction process followed the mechanism of anion exchange; thus, heavy metals such as zinc and cadmium that formed complexes with chloride ions could be effectively extracted (extraction rate >99.5%) with a very fast rate (extraction time <1 min) at a wide pH range (pH = 2-7). After extraction, the metals could be stripped well (stripping rate >99.5%) after contact with the NaOH solution. This research provided a new approach for treating heavy metals in high-salinity effluents, which has the advantages of IL-ABS and avoids the disadvantages of adding large amounts of inorganic salts at the same time.

Experimental study on improving salt resistance of dust suppressing foam with polymers

Mine dust is a prevalent pollutant generated during the mining process, often leading to explosion accidents and causing pneumoconiosis. Foam dust suppression technology has emerged as a promising method for efficient dust control due to its high-efficiency dust collection and ease of use. However, the application of foam in the field has revealed higher concentrations of inorganic salts in the mine dust suppressants, resulting in suboptimal foaming performance. As a result, additional foaming agent and increased concentration are often required to achieve the desired effect, which escalates the cost of mine dust control. To address this issue, this study proposes optimizing the performance of mine dust suppression foam through the incorporation of polymers with excellent salt resistance. In this investigation, foam liquids comprising xanthan gum (XG) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were tested using FoamScan to evaluate their foaming performance and foam stabilization at various concentrations of inorganic salt. Additionally, the rheological properties of the foam liquids were analyzed by measuring the viscoelastic modulus using an interfacial rheometer. Experimental results demonstrated that the addition of XG and CMC did not compromise the foaming ability of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES). Moreover, the liquid-carrying capacity of bubbles, in terms of foam stability, was enhanced. Specifically, the foam stabilization remained relatively stable when the XG concentration exceeded 0.5‰, even under different salt concentrations. Interfacial rheological tests revealed that the addition of XG substantially increased the viscoelastic modulus of the foam liquid. Furthermore, the phase angle remained below 45°, indicating the dominant role of the elastic modulus in the foam liquid, resulting in improved bubble resistance to interference and deformation. This experimental study successfully resolved the issue of poor stability in mine dust suppression foam caused by high salt content during the foam preparation process. The findings can significantly contribute to the widespread adoption and application of dust suppression foam technology in mining operations.

The efficient removal of low concentration hexavalent chromium via combining charged microporous membrane and micellar adsorption filtration

Abstract It is challenging to effectively purge wastewater containing heavy metal ions at low concentration. In order to remove trace Cr (VI) from wastewater efficiently, a positively charged microporous membrane was prepared by firstly non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) of amphiphilic polymer and secondly surface quaternization modification. The morphologies, surface roughness, surface charge, hydrophilicity, and pore size of membranes were characterized. Based on the dual action of micellar adsorption and charge repulsion, when surfactant is 4 mM and Cr (VI) is 60 ppm, the surface quaternization membrane (Q-MPVD) achieves 99.8 % Cr (VI) rejection simultaneously accompanied by a permeability of 100 LMH/bar. Meanwhile, the effects of STAC concentration, Cr (VI) concentration, pH as well as inorganic salt concentration on the composite micellar size, and Cr (VI) rejection performance were investigated, respectively. Moreover, the Q-MPVD membrane shows an excellent separation stability over a wide pH range, indicating its application perspective in engineering process. In summary, this work provided a positively charged membrane with high-efficiency performance for treating practical trace Cr (VI)-containing industrial wastewater.

Sensing System for Mixed Inorganic Salt Solution Based on Improved Double Label Coupling RFID

As a crucial part in sewage, high-salt wastewater contains abundant corrosive components and heavy metal elements, which makes it difficult for invasive monitoring. Therefore, based on coupling Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tags, this paper proposes a non-invasive monitoring method for concentration of inorganic salt in sewage. In this method, Cole-Cole model and Slit Cylindrical Capacitance(SCC) model are combined to explore the relationship between capacitance of RFID and concentration of inorganic salt in sewage pipeline. A New Efficient Levenberg-Marquardt(NELM) algorithm is used for regression between relative permittivity and concentration of inorganic salt categorically. Then, measurement data is processed under modified relative permittivity mixing rule of electrolyte and solvent. Finally the concentration of each component in the multi-component inorganic salt wastewater are obtained. Experimental results show that the maximal relative error (MRE) and average relative error(ARE) of single inorganic salt solution are 1.1% and 0.5%, while mixed solution are 2.6% and 1.89%. Such results indicate significant improvement comparing with previous works. Great potential of RFID in working sewage monitoring is sufficiently confirmed.

Influence of Inorganic Salt Additives on the Surface Tension of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Solution

In order to study the effect of inorganic salt additives on the surface tension of a sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) solution, the surface tension of the mixed system of six common inorganic salt additives, NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3, and SDBS was measured, and the effects of the inorganic salt types, surfactant concentrations and inorganic salt concentrations on the surface tension of the SDBS solution were studied. On this basis, three inorganic salts, NaCl, CaCl2 and Na2SO4, were selected, and their effects on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the SDBS solution were studied. The experimental results showed that different inorganic salts had different effects on the surface tension of the SDBS solution. The order of effect of the six inorganic salts on the surface tension of the SDBS solution was CaCl2 &gt; NaCl &gt; Na2SO4 &gt; NaHCO3 &gt; Na2CO3 &gt; AlCl3; when the mass fraction of the SDBS solution is high, the influence of the inorganic salts on the surface tension of the SDBS solution is relatively small; with an increase in the concentration of the preferred inorganic salt additives, the surface tension of the SDBS solution decreases first, then tends to be stable, and then increases; a reduction in the critical micelle concentration by the three selected inorganic salt additives shows the trend of 0.7% NaCl &gt; 0.5% CaCl2 &gt; 0.5% Na2SO4.