Inorganic Forms Of Selenium Research Articles

Technology of production biological active additive based on selenium containing culture of bifidobacterium

The article presents data on the positive impact of essential microelement selenium on the human body. It was characterized the ability to accumulate inorganic forms of selenium (such as selenites and selenates) into the organic forms by probiotic microorganisms. The article presents data concerning sodium selenite concentration impact on biomass growth of bifidobacterium culture. It was fined optimum conditions for accumulation maximum selenium containing biomass of microorganisms. Based on experiments it was created selenium containing biologically active additive.

Učinkovit način dodajanja selena v vsakdanjo prehrano s poudarkom na rastlinskih virih

Selenium is one of the essential elements that has a direct effect on human health and disease. Environmental conditions and agricultural practice have a profound influence on the selenium content in plants. Cultivation of plants enriched with the selenium has an effective potential for selenium supplementation in diets for population which is exposed to selenium deficiency. Bioavailability of selenium compounds from food is in strong correlation with the source and its chemical form. The selenium of different sources and forms can become a part of human consumption when entering the food chain, wherein the inorganic forms of selenium are metabolized and converted to more available organic forms. Numerous results of systematic research of the selenium content in individual plant species as well as various techniques for producing selenium enriched foodstuffs is reviewed. The soil in Slovenia is selenium-poor and may concern a part of population which is potentially sensitive to selenium status. The merits of selenium effect, either alone or in combination with different environmental changes on plant production published by Slovenian authors are thus closely considered. Controversies continue to prevail regarding adequate amounts for selenium for health and disease prevention. Thus, general and individualized recommendations for selenium intake and supplementation in the future need to be cautiously followed and the reference values continually revised.

Acute exposure to selenium disrupts associative conditioning and long-term memory recall in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

A plethora of toxic compounds – including pesticides, heavy metals, and metalloids – have been detected in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and their colonies. One such compound is selenium, which bees are exposed to by consuming nectar and pollen from flowers grown in contaminated areas. Though selenium is lethal at high concentrations, sublethal exposure may also impair honey bees’ ability to function normally. Examining the effect of selenium exposure on learning and memory provides a sensitive assay with which to identify sublethal effects on honey bee health and behavior. To determine whether sublethal selenium exposure causes learning and memory deficits, we used proboscis extension reflex conditioning coupled with recall tests 30min and 24h post-conditioning. We exposed forager honey bees to a single sublethal dose of selenium, and 3h later we used an olfactory conditioning assay to train the bees to discriminate between one odor associated with sucrose-reinforcement and a second unreinforced odor. Following conditioning we tested short- and long-term recall of the task. Acute exposure to as little as 1.8ng of an inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenate) before conditioning caused a reduction in behavioral performance during conditioning. And, exposure to 18ng of either an inorganic form (sodium selenate) or an organic form (methylseleno-l-cysteine) of selenium caused a reduction in the bees' performance during the long-term recall test. These concentrations of selenium are lower than those found in the nectar of plants grown in selenium-contaminated soil, indicating that even low-grade selenium toxicity produces significant learning and memory impairments. This may reduce foragers’ ability to effectively gather resources for the colony or nurse bees’ ability to care for and maintain a healthy colony.

Distribution of selenium in zebrafish larvae after exposure to organic and inorganic selenium forms.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient for many organisms, and in vertebrates has a variety of roles associated with protection from reactive oxygen species. Over the past two decades there have been conflicting reports upon human health benefits and detriments arising from consumption of selenium dietary supplements. Thus, early studies report a decrease in the incidence of certain types of cancer, whereas subsequent studies did not observe any anti-cancer effect, and adverse effects such as increased risks for type 2 diabetes have been reported. A possible contributing factor may be that different chemical forms of selenium were used in different studies. Using larval stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism, we report a comparison of the toxicities and tissue selenium distributions of four different chemical forms of selenium. We find that the organic forms of selenium tested (Se-methyl-l-selenocysteine and l-selenomethionine) show considerably more toxicity than inorganic forms (selenite and selenate), and that this appears to be correlated with the level of bioaccumulation. Despite differences in concentrations, the tissue specific pattern of selenium accumulation was similar for the chemical forms tested; selenium was found to be highly concentrated in pigment (melanin) containing tissues especially for the organic selenium treatments, with lower concentrations in eye lens, yolk sac and heart. These results suggest that pigmented tissues might serve as a storage reservoir for selenium.

Carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups of chicken meat proteins after dietary modulation with selenium

Abstract The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of selenium modulation on the alteration of carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups in proteins in chicken breast and leg meat. Selenium, in the form of sodium selenite and selenized yeast, was applied to broiler chicken at 0.26, 0.38 and 0.50 mg Se kg-1. The alteration of protein carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups, as well as total antioxidative potential of breast and leg meat were analyzed in fresh, chilled and frozen material. Protein reactive groups were effectively protected against oxidatively induced changes (carbonyl groups formation) by dietary selenium supplementation, during frozen storage of both types of chicken muscles, either with white fibre domination (breast) or with red fibre domination (leg). The inorganic form of selenium was effective in decreasing the loss of protein sulfhydryl groups in muscles with red fibre domination during frozen storage. In conclusion, selenium compounds can be used in broiler nutrition as a protein antioxidizing agent, especially in perspective of the long storage of meat under freezing conditions.

Physiological Reactions of Sunflower Plants to Different Spices of Selenium

Selenium (Se) is an example of an essential element becoming more and more insufficient in food crops as a result of intensive plant production in many countries. Se is an essential biological micronutrient in diet of animals and humans, and plant foods are important sources of dietary Se. It is an essential constituent of several enzymes in which it is present in the form of the unusual amino acid selenocysteine (SeCys). Then, engineering food crops to accumulate higher levels of Se would provide adequate Se to target population. In this study, two species of soluble inorganic selenium forms, selenite (Se IV ) and selenate (Se VI ) at different concentrations were investigated on sunflower plants that were growing in nutrient solutions during 3 weeks and at the end of the experiment, amounts of SLA for first and second leaves of sunflower were measured. In accordance with the results that we observed, our regarded Se concentrations in Se IV form have not been had positive effect on sunflower plants. Whereas samples that had been treated with 0.3 mg.L -1 Se VI , had the high SLA amount and for second leaves, this increase was significantly. Although high level of 0.9 mg.L -1 and 3 mg.L -1 Se VI had negative affect on growth of the samples that had been treated by them.

Effects on the accumulation of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc of adding the two inorganic forms of selenium to solution cultures of Zea mays

The addition of selenate or selenite to common fertilizers for crop production could be an effective way of producing selenium-rich food and feed. However, this would be feasible only if the increase in plant selenium (Se) content did not negatively influence the uptake of other essential elements. We therefore need to understand the interactions between Se and other major and trace elements during uptake by the plant. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of inorganic forms of Se on the accumulation of selected macronutrients (Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu). Those essential elements are involved in the oxidative balance of cells. Zea mays seedlings were grown hydroponically in growth chambers in nutrient solutions to which we added 10, 50 or 1000 μg.L−1 of selenate and/or selenite. Cation accumulation was significantly affected by the addition of 50 μg.L−1 or 1000 μg.L−1 Se, but not by the presence of 10 μg.L−1 of Se in the nutrient solution. The highest concentration (1000 μg.L−1) of Se in the nutrient solution affected the accumulation of essential cations in Zea mays: selenate tended to increase the accumulation of Mg, Zn and Mn, whereas a selenate/selenite mixture tended to decrease the accumulation of Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn. Only Fe accumulation was unaffected by Se whatever its form or concentration. Selenium may also affect the distribution of cations on Zea mays. For example, levels of Mg and Zn translocation to the shoots were lower in the presence of selenite.

Effect of dietary organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on chemical, mineral and fatty acid composition of ostrich meat

This study evaluated the effect of dietary organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on chemical, mineral and fatty acid composition of ostrich meat. Forty ostriches were raised in two groups (OSe and IOSe, diets supplemented with an organic form and an inorganic form of selenium, respectively). The form of selenium had no influence on chemical composition of ostrich muscle. Although, there were no significant differences in total content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA, the content of LA and EPA was higher in the muscles of ostriches which were put on a diet supplemented with an organic form of selenium, what resulted in lower n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio in OSe group (9.99) in comparison to IOSe group (11.70). The results of the study indicate that dietary organic selenium supplementation improves the quality of the ostrich meat as related to the health promoting properties (LA, EPA and selenium content) of meat.

RELATIVE CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT CHANGES DURING UPTAKING OF SELENITE AND SELENATE BY MAIZE PLANTS GROWN IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION

Chlorophyll content (chl), one of the most important physiological parameters related to plant photosynthesis, is usually used to predict plant potential and portable, non-destructive chlorophyll meters could be a valuable and effective tool for estimating Relative Chlorophyll Content (RCC) in leaves. In this study, two species of soluble inorganic Selenium forms, selenite (SeIV) and selenate (SeVI) at different concentrations were investigated on maize plants that were growing in nutrient solutions during 2 weeks and changes of RCC within this time was monitored. It means chlorophyll content of three leaves of maize when everyone grew completely was measured according to Special Products Analysis Division (SPAD) value and the results revealed that high concentrations of SeIV (10, 30 and 90 mg.kg-1) were toxic for maize even lower amounts (1 and 3 mg.kg-1) had effects of damage on it while this state wasn’t adjusted for lower concentrations of SeVI (1 and 3 mg.kg-1) and treated samples didn’t have significant differences with controls although in higher amounts (10 and 30 mg.kg-1) toxic effects were seen in them, too.

Efficacy of supplementation of selected medicinal mushrooms with inorganic selenium salts

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of supplementation with inorganic forms of selenium (Na2SeO4 and Na2SeO3) in concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 mM of three medicinal mushroom species: Agrocybe aegerita, Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum. Tested mushroom species grew in Se additions of 0–0.6 mM (A. aegerita and H. erinaceus), while growth of G. lucidum bodies was observed for 0–0.8 mM. For the latter mushroom species, the total Se content was the highest. Content of Seorg was diverse; for control bodies it was the highest for G. lucidum (only organic forms were present), lower for A. aegerita (84% organic forms) and the lowest for H. erinaceus (56% organic forms). Accumulation of Se(IV) was generally significantly higher than Se(VI) for all tested mushroom species. There was no significant decrease of A. aegerita or G. lucidum biomass with the exception of G. lucidum bodies growing under 0.8 mM of Se species addition (15.51 ± 6.53 g). Biomass of H. erinaceus bodies was the highest under 0.2 (197.04 ± 8.73 g), control (191.80 ± 6.06 g) and 0.1 mM (185.04 ± 8.73 g) of both inorganic salts. The addition to the medium of Se salts brought about macroscopic changes in the fruiting bodies of the examined mushrooms. Concentrations exceeding 0.4 mM caused diminution of carpophores or even their total absence. In addition, colour changes of fruiting bodies were also recorded. At Se concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6 mM, A. aegerita fruiting bodies were distinctly lighter and those of H. erinaceus changed colour from purely white to white-pink.

Cytoplasmic and nuclear toxicity of 3,5-dimethylaminophenol and potential protection by selenocompounds

Most common alkylanilines in the environment are 2,6-dimethylaniline (2,6-DMA), 3,5-dimethylaniline (3,5-DMA), and 3-ethylaniline (3-EA). 3,5-Dimethylaminophenol (3,5-DMAP), a metabolite of 3,5-DMA, is of particular interest, as it is potentially genotoxic. Supplementation with organic or inorganic forms of selenium (Se) may reduce toxicity following exposure to a wide variety of environmental chemicals. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of sodium selenite (SS) and selenomethionine (SM) at varying time points of supplementation (24h and 72h) against the cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and genotoxicity of 3,5-DMAP in CHO AS52 cells. 3,5-DMAP caused dose-dependent increase of cytotoxicity, ROS production and genotoxicity, and generated free radicals in the nuclei. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), catalase and glutathione reductase activities, and glutathione levels were significantly lower while lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels were higher after 3,5-DMAP treatment in both cytoplasm and the nucleus vs. control. After 24h, both SS and SM provided protection in antioxidant/oxidant status of the 3,5-DMAP-treated cells; however other than supplying higher glutathione peroxidase and TrxR activities, 72h supplementation did not provide advanced improvement. Selenocompounds may be beneficial against cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of 3,5-DMAP and might protect both nucleus and cytoplasm following exposure to alkylanilines.

Altered selenium status in Huntington's disease: Neuroprotection by selenite in the N171-82Q mouse model

Disruption of redox homeostasis is a prominent feature in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). Selenium an essential element nutrient that modulates redox pathways and has been reported to provide protection against both acute neurotoxicity (e.g. methamphetamine) and chronic neurodegeneration (e.g. tauopathy) in mice. The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of sodium selenite, an inorganic form of selenium, on behavioral, brain degeneration and biochemical outcomes in the N171-82Q Huntington's disease mouse model. HD mice, which were supplemented with sodium selenite from 6 to 14 weeks of age, demonstrated increased motor endurance, decreased loss of brain weight, decreased mutant huntingtin aggregate burden and decreased brain oxidized glutathione levels. Biochemical studies revealed that selenite treatment reverted HD-associated changes in liver selenium and plasma glutathione in N171-82Q mice and had effects on brain selenoprotein transcript expression. Further, we found decreased brain selenium content in human autopsy brain. Taken together, we demonstrate a decreased selenium phenotype in human and mouse HD and additionally show some protective effects of selenite in N171-82Q HD mice. Modification of selenium metabolism results in beneficial effects in mouse HD and thus may represent a therapeutic strategy.

Human Lung Cancer Cell Line A-549 ATCC Is Differentially Affected by Supranutritional Organic and Inorganic Selenium.

The effects of organic and inorganic forms of selenium (Se) on human cells have been extensively studied for nutritional concentrations; however, to date, little is known about the potential toxicity at supranutritional levels. In the present study we determined the effects of sodium selenite (SSe) and selenomethionine (SeMet) on cell growth and intracellular structures in lung cancer cells exposed at Se concentrations between 0 and 3 mM. Our results showed that SSe affected cell growth more rapidly than SeMet (24 h and 48 h, resp.). After 24 h of cells exposure to 0.5, 1.5, and 3 mM SSe, cell growth was reduced by 10, 50, and 60%, as compared to controls. After 48 h, nuclear fragmentation was evident in cells exposed to SSe, suggesting an induction to cell death. In contrast, SeMet did not affect cell proliferation, and the cells were phenotypically similar to controls. Microtubules and microfilaments structures were also affected by both Se compounds, again SSe being more toxic than SeMet. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the differential effects of organic and inorganic Se in supranutritional levels in lung cancer cells.

Effects of adding different forms of selenium in diets for fattening lambs

The study included lambs of Mis population, divided into two groups (experimental and control) .All the animals fed with identical portions of meals consisted of alfalfa hay and fully concentrate mixtures. Meals are only different in the fact that the experimental group received organic selenium and contained 2000 mg of selenium / kg preparations, while the control group received inorganic selenium in the form of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Each animal consumed the same amount of selenium than 0.3 mg / kg of dry matter in the organic or inorganic form, which added in the mineral-vitamin premix. Diet of lambs has been ad libitum. The body weight of lambs in both (control and experimental groups), were balanced at 60 days (19.60 kg : 19.65 kg) and 100 days (31.06 kg : 32.88 kg). The result on average daily gain of the control and experimental groups were almost similar and there were no statistically significant differences (P> 0.05) in the measured values from 28 to 60 days (259.0 : 255.0 g), from the 60-100 days (286.0 : 330.0g), and on average from 28 to 100 days (274.0 : 297.0. g). Both treatment have no significant effect on lambs? performance (body weight and growth). The study results showed that the diet of lambs experimental group, based meal supplement organic selenium resulted in significantly higher concentration of Se in MLD, kidneys, liver and spleen, compared with the control group, which are consumed inorganic form of selenium. The differences between the Se content in MLD the experimental and control groups were on significance level P <0.05, while the differences in the content of Se in kidney, liver and spleen, the aforementioned treatments were statistically highly significant (P <0.01). So fattening lambs are better utilizing organic source of selenium, which is associated with better absorption of this element.

Utilization and examination of red, elemental selenium nano spheres, produced by fermentation technology, in animal tests

In our experiments we tested the toxicity of Nano-Se and LactoMicroSel® compared with other organic and inorganic selenium forms, in case of a subakut animal test. We produced the Nano-Se and LactoMicroSel® by probiotic lactic acid bacteria in our laboratory. (Prokisch et al., 2010; Eszenyi et al., 2011). We mixed the inorganic selenium forms, selenite and selenate, the organic form, Sel-Plex® and our products, Nano-Se and LactoMicroSel® into the standard food of laboratory mice and we fed them for two consecutive weeks. After the extermination we observed mortality, the change of body mass,and measured the blood antioxidant capacity with FRAP method.

Selenium supplementation protects trophoblast cells from oxidative stress

Oxidative stress is a key feature in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and antioxidants have been proposed as a potential therapy in the treatment of this important complication of pregnancy. In this report selenium supplementation was used to up-regulate the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase and the protective effect that this had on cellular metabolism during oxidative stress was examined. Bewo and Jeg-3 trophoblast cells were supplemented with organic and inorganic forms of selenium and 3 forms of peroxide in a range of doses were utilised to generate oxidative stress. Thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity were maximally expressed after supplementation with 100nM NaSe and 500nM SeMethionine. Application of H2O2 in the range of 200–400μM for 24h resulted in significant (p<0.001) inhibition of cellular activity, an effect negated by Se supplementation. Tert-butyl H2O2 and cumene H2O2 concentrations between 30 and 50uM similarly inhibited cellular activity and this could be significantly (p<0.001) reversed by Se supplementation. Auranofin, a specific inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase was used to prove that the protective effect generated by Se supplementation was due to up regulation of these enzymes. These studies provide direct evidence that selenium supplementation can up-regulate endogenous antioxidant systems and protects trophoblast cells from oxidative stress. This may inform the development of future therapies for pre-eclampsia and emphasises the importance of selenium adequacy during pregnancy.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Form of Selenium on Antioxidant Status of Breeding Boars Ejaculate Revealed by Electrochemistry

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Form of Selenium on Antioxidant Status of Breeding Boars Ejaculate Revealed by Electrochemistry

Effects of selenium sources on blood and milk selenium concentration, glutathion peroxidase concentrations, and somatic cell count in Quebec dairy herds

Quebec is a selenium-deficient area (0.06 - 0.33 ppm) and most dairy farmers supplement their cows' rations with an inorganic form of selenium (Se); however, several studies have shown that organic Se is more effective in preventing mastitis, although most of these studies were conducted under controlled conditions with a limited number of cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic Se on somatic cell count (as an indication ofmastitis) for a large number of cows under field conditions.

The effect of various forms of selenium supplied to pregnant goats on selected blood parameters and on the concentration of Se in urine and blood of kids at the time of weaning

&amp;nbsp; The aim of this trial was to compare the effect of supplementation of goats with different forms of selenium on the metabolism of their kids at the time of weaning. The experiment was performed with 45 kids of mothers supplemented with various forms of selenium. Group C was control while the other four groups were supplemented with selenium for six weeks before (0.3 mg/goat/day) and after parturition (0.9 mg/goat/day). Group&amp;nbsp;Se-I received sodium selenite while the other groups received organic forms: Se-lactate-protein complex (Se-L), Se-proteinate (Se-P) and Se-yeast (Se-Y). The kids were weaned at three months of age and samples of blood and urine were taken. Parameters monitored in the blood included Se, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Zn, Cu, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, protein, immunoglobulins, muscle enzymes, total antioxidant status, vitamin A and E. Se levels were determined In the urine. Selenium supplementation of goats from six weeks before delivery significantly influenced selenium concentrations in the blood of kids. Significant differences (P &amp;lt; 0.0002) were found between the control and all experimental groups and further between Se-Y and the other experimental groups (Se-Y: 243.0&amp;nbsp;&amp;plusmn; 20.3 &amp;mu;g/l; Se-I: 156.3 &amp;plusmn; 34.3 &amp;mu;g/l; Se-P: 152.6 &amp;plusmn; 41.5 &amp;mu;g/l; Se-L: 146.7 &amp;plusmn; 20 0 &amp;mu;g/l; C: 67.6 &amp;plusmn; 13.1 &amp;mu;g/l). The highest concentration was found in the group supplemented with Se-yeast with a high content of selenomethionine. The other two organic forms of selenium (proteinate and lactate-protein complex) increased the concentration of Se in blood and the activity of GPx to the same extent as the inorganic form of selenium. Se supplementation did not have a negative effect on the concentration of copper and zinc in the blood serum of kids, but we found decreased concentrations of thyroxine in the experimental groups (Se-Y: 79.8 &amp;plusmn; 12.8 nmol/l; Se-I: 66.5 &amp;plusmn; 13.2 nmol/l; Se-P: 76.2 &amp;plusmn; 25.7 nmol/l; Se-L: 84.5 &amp;plusmn; 14.8 nmol/l; C: 92.7 &amp;plusmn; 13.4 nmol/l). Significant differences were found between the group C and groups Se-I and Se-P (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The supplementation of mothers with Se both in organic and inorganic forms was sufficient to prevent Se deficiency in kids at the time of weaning.

Comparison of organic and inorganic forms of selenium in the mother and kid relationship in goats

The goal of the experiment was to compare the effect of four different forms of selenium (Se) &amp;minus; sodium selenite (SS), lactate-protein selenium complex (SL), selenium enriched yeast (SY), and selenium-proteinate (SP) supplemented to pregnant goats on Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the blood of goats on the day of delivery and also on Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in the blood of newborn kids. The experiment involved 33 pregnant goats of White Short-haired breed. The supplementation started 6 weeks before the parturition. The goats were divided into 5 groups: control group&amp;nbsp;C, not supplemented, and 4 trial groups (SL, SP, SS, SY), which received Se in the above stated forms by the means of supplemented pellets (300 g per animal per day) at a rate 900 &amp;mu;g Se/kg of dry matter. The average Se concentrations in the blood of the goats were 79.6 &amp;mu;g/l in group C, 152.6 &amp;mu;g/l in group SL, 167.1&amp;nbsp;&amp;mu;g/l in group SP, 144.9 &amp;mu;g/l in group SS, and 152.9 &amp;mu;g/l in group SY. Selenium concentrations in all 4 trial groups were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.01) than in control group, however no significant difference was found between individual trial groups. Likewise, the activity of GSH-Px in goat blood increased significantly in all supplemented groups compared to the controls; however we did not discover any significant differences in activity of GSH-Px between the individual selenium-supplemented groups. The Se concentrations in the blood of kids were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.01) higher in the selenium-supplemented groups (SL &amp;ndash; 94.9&amp;nbsp;&amp;mu;g/l, &lt;br /&gt;SP &amp;ndash; 87.5 &amp;mu;g/l, SS &amp;ndash; 87.6 &amp;mu;g/l, SY &amp;ndash; 92.5 &amp;mu;g/l) than in the control group (C &amp;ndash; 49.4 &amp;mu;g/l), but we did not discover any differences between the individual experimental groups. The activity of GSH-Px in the blood of the kids tended towards higher values in the supplemented groups than in the control group, but the values were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) only in groups SY and SL. We have found significant correlation between GSH-Px activity and Se concentration in the blood of goats (r = 0.86) and newborn kids (r = 0.95). Likewise, there was significant correlation between Se concentration in the blood of goats and their kids (r&amp;nbsp;= 0.74). We discovered that the kids are reaching physiologically only about 60% of Se status in whole blood in comparison with their mothers. Our results are suggesting that all the above forms of Se were similarly utilised and transferred into the foetus in the goats. &amp;nbsp;