Combination Of Inorganic Fertilizers Research Articles

Study the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management with Bio-inoculants on Yield Attributes and Yields of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The experiments were conducted during the kharif season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at the S.I.F, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The experiment consists of 18 treatment combinations in randomized block design with three replications of different combinations of inorganic fertilizer, organic and bio-inoculants in rice. Based on results emanated from the investigation it can be concluded that among the productivity parameters viz: The statistically maximum grain yield (q ha-1), straw yield (q ha-1) and biological yield (q ha-1) were found (47.38, 47.56 q ha-1), (66.82, 67.22q ha-1 ) and (114.20, 114.78 q ha-1 ) in 2021-22 and 2022-23 respectively in the treatments recorded in the treatment T17 - 100% NPK+ 5 ton ha-1 FYM + Azolla (300 kg ha-1) + S (30 kg ha-1) + Zinc (5 kg ha-1) during both years of experimentation and the plant growth traits viz: panicle length (28.93cm), panicle weight (g) (5.86g) number of grain panicle-1 (127) grains weight panicle-1 (4.11) and test weight (g) (24.97g) were recorded statistically maximum with the treatment T17 -100% NPK+ 5 ton ha-1 FYM + Azolla (300 kg ha-1) + S (30 kg ha-1) + Zinc (5 kg ha-1) during the experimentation.

Nutrition for commercial flower production of Longiflorum asiatica (LA) hybrid under northern plains

The study was conducted during the winter seasons, comprising the various combinations of inorganic fertilizers (N, P2O5, and K2O) and organic manure (FYM). Treatment T24 [(25 t FYM+160 kg N+120 kg P2O5+100 kg K2O)/ha] emerged as the statistically significant treatment, outperforming others in respect of tallest plant (122.43 cm), leaf count per plant (79.33), leaf length (7.90 cm), and early flower bud initiation (28.01 days), bud initiation to colour shown (47.11 days), and colour shown to flower opening (6.10 days). This treatment also tended to show the longest flower retention on plant (15.30 days), number of flower buds per plant (4.20), bud length (8.96 cm), stalk length (110.10 cm), stalk diameter (0.96 cm), flower diameter (22.98 cm), total chlorophyll content (6.50 mg/g), leaf nitrogen (4.70%), potassium (4.10%), and net assimilation ratio (NAR) (0.0065 mg/cm2/ day). Treatment T23 [(25 t FYM+120 kg N+90 kg P2O5+75 kg K2O)/ha] proved next best treatment. The lowest value was recorded in T25 (Control). Overall, treatment T24 proved to be the most effective treatment statistically for the commercial flower production of LA hybrid lilium for northern Indian plains.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Nutrient Status in Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

An experiment was conducted during rabi season, 2021 to investigate the effect of integrated nutrient management on soil nutrient status in garlic. The study was structured around eighteen treatments with combinations of inorganic fertilizers, biofertilizers and organic manures like Jeevamrit and Beejamrit. The treatment T12 [(75 % RDF + 40 kg Sulphur/ha + Azotobacter + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria + FYM (25t/ha)] resulted in minimum soil pH (6.82) and electrical conductivity (0.181 dSm-1) as well as highest organic carbon (0.86 %), available Nitrogen (258.84 kg ha-1), Phosphorus (26.72 kg ha-1) contents. Further, the treatment T17 [(100 % RDF + FYM (25t/ha)] recorded maximum available Potassium (180.35 kg ha-1) and treatment T16 [(100 % RDF + 40 kg S/ha + FYM) recorded highest S (44.98 kg ha-1) contents. Thus, it can be concluded that integration of inorganic fertilizers with biofertilizers and organic manures helps in improving the soil nutrient status.

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer on the Diversity of Rhizosphere and Leaf Microbial Composition in Sunflower Plant.

Applying organic manure to crops positively impacts the soil microbial community which is negatively impacted when chemical fertilizers are used. Organic manures also add new microbes to the soil in addition to influencing the growth of native ones. Metagenomic analysis of different organic manures, soil, and pot culture experiments conducted under various fertilizer conditions constitute the primary methodologies employed in this study. We compared the effect of two organic manure combinations and an inorganic fertilizer combination on microbial community of rhizosphere soil and leaves of sunflower plants. Metagenomic sequencing data analysis revealed that the diversity of bacteria and fungi is higher in organic manure than in chemical fertilizers. Each organic manure combination selectively increased population of some specific microbes and supported new microbes. Application of chemical fertilizer hurts many plant beneficial fungi and bacteria. In summary, our study points out the superiority of organic manure combinations in enhancing microbial diversity and supporting beneficial microbes. These findings enhance the profound influence of fertilizer types on sunflower microbial communities, shedding light on the intricate dynamics within the rhizosphere and leaf microbiome. Bacterial genera such as Bacillus, Serratia, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and fungal genera such as Wallemia, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium constitute the key microbes of sunflower plants.

Kombinasi Pupuk Anorganik dan Pupuk Organik Meningkatkan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Licopersicum esculentum Mill) dengan Pemangkasan Pucuk Apikal

The research aims to determine the effect of a combination of inorganic fertilizer (KNO3) and organic fertilizer (goat manure) on the yield of the Betavila variety when apical shoots are pruned. The research took place from March to October 2019 in Kupang Regency, NTT. The research used RAK with 4 repetitions. The treatments are as follows: M1 = inorganic fertilizer 5 g/l KNO3; M2 = organic fertilizer 20 tons/ha goat manure; M3 = inorganic fertilizer 5 g/l KNO3 + organic fertilizer 30 tons/ha goat manure; M4 = inorganic fertilizer 5 g/l KNO3 + organic fertilizer 15 tons/ha goat manure; M5 = Inorganic fertilizer 3.75 g/l KNO3 + organic fertilizer 15 tons/ha goat manure; M6 = Inorganic fertilizer 3.75 g/l KNO3 + organic fertilizer 30 tons/ha goat manure; M7 = inorganic fertilizer 2.5 g/l KNO3 + organic fertilizer 15 tons/ha goat manure; M8 = inorganic fertilizer 2.5 g/l KNO3 + organic fertilizer 30 tons/ha goat manure. The results of the research showed that the combination of applying inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer simultaneously influenced the yield of Betavila variety tomato plants whose apical shoots had been pruned, namely on the number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit production. Fertilization dose of inorganic fertilizer 3.75 g/l KN03 + organic fertilizer 30 tons/ha goat manure gave the number of fruits per plant (59.63 fruit), fruit production per plant (2.63 kg), and fruit production per experimental plot (50.33 kg) highest.

Effect of Different Fertilizer Combinations and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Yield Attributing Traits of Mustard

The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination and gibberellic acid (GA3) is a potential solution to increase yields. The motives of this investigation are to evaluate the yield and yield attributes of mustard varieties with different fertilizer combinations and gibberellic acid (GA3). The experiment was set at the Research Field of the Department Crop Physiology and Ecology of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, in accordance with randomized complete block design with three replications. Three mustard varieties viz., BARI mustard-14, BARI mustard-17 and BINA mustard-9 were evaluated against four combined fertilizations and GA3. The maximal yield and yield attributing traits were significantly subjugated by variant fertilization and varieties. The results expounded that BARI mustard-17 emanated the utmost values followed by varieties BARI mustard-14 and BINA mustard-9. In extent of fertilization, most of the growth parameters showed the highest values in Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Boric acid: 10 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1, GA3: Gibberellic Acid 10 % and the lowest values were recorded in Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1. In the majority of instances, the BARI mustard-17 and Urea: 250 kg ha-1, MoP: 70 kg ha-1, TSP: 190 kg ha-1, Gypsum: 120 kg ha-1, Zinc Sulphate: 4 kg ha-1, Boric acid: 10 kg ha-1, Poultry litter compost: 10 tons ha-1, GA3: Gibberellic Acid 10 % exhibited the highest performance in the context of fertilization and variety interactions. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(2): 185-192, 2024

Effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth and productivity of four high-yielding rice varieties of Eastern India

Aim: To investigate the integrated nutrient management in agricultural fields using cow dung manure and poultry manure as organic, and NPK as inorganic fertilizer at varied ratios. Methodology: Four rice varieties were selected for the experiment viz., MTU 1010, IET 4786, IET 17430, and IET 9947 under nine organic manure and inorganic fertilizer combinations in different ratios with one control treatment. The cultivation was carried out in three replications in a randomized complete block design. The biometric observations were noted at 30, 55, and 80 days after transplant (DAT). Leaf Area Index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), and grain yield were calculated for the varieties under varied treatments. Results: Biometric observation and growth indices confirmed that the treatment T3 showed the highest value among all other treatments for shoot length, dry matter, LAI and LAD for all varieties. Treatment T7 recorded the maximum root length. For CGR treatment T2 and T3 recorded highest value for different varieties. Soil nutrient results suggest that treatment T2-T4 and T6-T8 showed the highest N, P and K content. The results showed significant difference (p<0.05) in grain yield for all the treatments in all varieties, where T3 recorded the highest value. Interpretation: The year experiment revealed that integrated nutrient application resulted in considerably greater growth and productivity compared to the control and 100% inorganic fertilizer-treated cultivation. Key words: Cow dung, Integrated nutrient management, Poultry manure, Plant growth indices, Rice productivity Aim: To investigate the integrated nutrient management in agricultural fields using cow dung manure and poultry manure as organic, and NPK as inorganic fertilizer at varied ratios. Methodology: Four rice varieties were selected for the experiment viz., MTU 1010, IET 4786, IET 17430, and IET 9947 under nine organic manure and inorganic fertilizer combinations in different ratios with one control treatment. The cultivation was carried out in three replications in a randomized complete block design. The biometric observations were noted at 30, 55, and 80 days after transplant (DAT). Leaf Area Index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), and grain yield were calculated for the varieties under varied treatments. Results: Biometric observation and growth indices confirmed that the treatment T3 showed the highest value among all other treatments for shoot length, dry matter, LAI and LAD for all varieties. Treatment T7 recorded the maximum root length. For CGR treatment T2 and T3 recorded highest value for different varieties. Soil nutrient results suggest that treatment T2-T4 and T6-T8 showed the highest N, P and K content. The results showed significant difference (p<0.05) in grain yield for all the treatments in all varieties, where T3 recorded the highest value. Interpretation: The year experiment revealed that integrated nutrient application resulted in considerably greater growth and productivity compared to the control and 100% inorganic fertilizer-treated cultivation. Key words: Cow dung, Integrated nutrient management, Poultry manure, Plant growth indices, Rice productivity

Valuation of different organic and inorganic fertilizer combinations on the growth and yield of cabbage

abbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is the most important winter leafy vegetable in the world and belongs to the Cruciferae family. An experiment was conducted at the Horticultural farm of Gauradaha Agriculture Campus, Tribhuwan University, Jhapa, Nepal from 26th December 2022 to 2nd April 2023 to evaluate the different organic and inorganic fertilizer combinations on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. cv. Green coronet). The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design with 7 treatments replicated 3 times and the treatments are T1: 25-ton FYM/ha, T2: 25-ton PM/ha, T3: 25-ton FYM/ha + NPK (RDF), T4: 25-ton PM/ha + NPK (RDF), T5: 20-ton FYM/ha + 10-ton PM/ha + NPK (RDF), T6: 10-ton FYM/ha + 20-ton PM/ha + NPK (RDF) and T7: control. Significant variation was found among the treatments. The result showed treatment had a significant role in different parameters. T3- The highest number of leaves, T5- the highest (leaf area, weight with roots, net head yield, horizontal head diameter), T4-highest (plant height, gross yield), T6- highest (stem girth, vertical head diameter) was obtained. On the result basis T5 (20-ton FYM/ha + 10-ton PM/ha + NPK (RDF) can be adopted as sustainable crop production. This study not only provides valuable insights into optimizing cabbage production but also underscores the importance of tailored fertilizer combinations for sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the broader discourse on enhancing crop yield while minimizing environmental impact. By elucidating the efficacy of specific fertilizer blends, this research paves the way for more efficient and eco-friendly farming practices, thereby promoting food security and environmental sustainability on a global scale.

Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi Pagoda (Brassica narinosa L.) dengan Pemberian Pupuk NPK dan Pupuk Cair dari Limbah Organik

Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers results in problems with soil quality. One solution to reduce this problem is the use of a combination of inorganic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer from organic waste. This research aims to obtain a combination of NPK fertilizer and liquid fertilizer from organic waste that has the best effect on the growth of pagoda mustard plants. The research method used was the single-factor randomized group design (RAK) experimental method. The factors tested were a combination of NPK fertilizer and liquid fertilizer from organic waste with 8 treatments, namely A (300 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 0 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), B (0 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 200 ml/ l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), C (200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 100 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), D (200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 200 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), E ( 200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 300 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), F (100 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 100 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), G (100 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 200 ml/ l liquid fertilizer from organic waste), H (100 kg/ha NPK fertilizer + 300 ml/l liquid fertilizer from organic waste). Consisting of 8 treatments and 5 replications. The results of the analysis of variance and DMRT level of 5% showed that the combination of NPK fertilizer and liquid fertilizer from organic waste had no significant effect on plant height or root length. Keywords: Pagoda mustard greens, NPK fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, organic waste

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.), in Jharkhand (India)

Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.) is a climber plant commonly called Gudmar belongs to family Apocynaceae is deciduous seed plant. A field experiment was conducted during 2017-2019 at the experimental field of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand (India) to find out the integrated nutrient management technique for increasing the yield of the leaf of Gymnema sylvestre (R.Br.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 12 treatments and one control replicated thrice. Nine plants were transplanted in each treatment at 80 cm x 80 cm spacing level. It is an important medicinal plant used as an herbal remedy for high blood sugar (type-II diabetes). The optimum doses of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination should be 10t ha-1 VC+10t ha-1 NC+5t ha-1 KC +30:40:40 kg NPK ha-1 for the maximum productivity of leaves and stem of Gudmar. The combination of organic and inorganic is superior to the application of fertilizer alone and controls for achieving higher growth and yield.

Effects of Soluble Organic Fertilizer Combined with Inorganic Fertilizer on Greenhouse Tomatoes with Different Irrigation Techniques

A reasonable fertilization rate and appropriate irrigation technology can lead to the green development of greenhouse tomatoes. The purpose of this study was to explore suitable irrigation technology for greenhouse tomatoes and the appropriate application rate of the soluble organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combination. In 2021 and 2022, the effects of different irrigation techniques and fertilization treatments on tomato plant growth, fruit quality, yield, and efficiency were studied. The irrigation techniques in this study were drip and Moistube irrigation, and there were seven types of fertilization treatment, namely, no fertilization treatment (CK); low-volume (T1, 330 kg/hm2), medium-volume (T2, 660 kg/hm2), and high-volume inorganic fertilizer treatments (T3, 990 kg/hm2); and three inorganic fertilizer treatments of low-volume inorganic fertilizer (T1, 330 kg/hm2) combined with low-volume (F1, T1 + 75 kg/hm2), medium-volume (F2, T1 + 225 kg/hm2), and high-volume (F3, T1 + 375 kg/hm2) organic fertilizer. A total of 14 experimental treatments were implemented for irrigation and fertilization. The results of the two-year experiment show that the growth effect on the height, stem diameter, and leaf area index of tomato plants was the best using the treatment of low-concentration inorganic fertilizer combined with medium-concentration organic fertilizer with Moistube irrigation and drip irrigation. Using the two irrigation methods, the application of soluble organic fertilizer increased the yield and improved the fruit quality of the tomato. The maximum yield increased by 28.52%, the soluble sugar content increased by 14.49%, the vitamin C content increased by 45.04%, and the lycopene increased by 18.79%. The entropy-weight TOPSIS model was used to comprehensively evaluate 14 evaluation objects with different irrigation methods and fertilization treatments. The results of the two-year experiment show that the best fertilization treatment under Moistube irrigation and drip irrigation conditions was low-concentration inorganic fertilizer combined with medium-concentration soluble organic fertilizer, which was combined with the best fertilization treatment, and the most suitable irrigation method for greenhouse tomato cultivation in the Loess Plateau was Moistube irrigation. The results of this study also provide practical experience and theoretical support for adaptive irrigation and the integrated management of water and fertilizer.

POPULASI BAKTERI DAN RESPIRASI MIKROBA TANAH PADA RHIZOSFER TANAMAN JAGUNG ( Zea mays L.) YANG DIBERI PUPUK TERPADU DAN BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI PADA MASA VEGETATIF MAKSIMUM

This study aims to determine the Bacterial Population and Microbial Respiration in the rhizosphere of corn plants due to the application of integrated fertilizers and rice husk biochar soil amendments during the maximum vegetative period. This research was conducted using an experimental method with polybag experiments in a greenhouse from July to September 2021. The experiment was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatment combinations P0 (control treatment), P1 (Urea + phonska administration), P2 ( Giving Urea + Phonska + Biochar), P3 (Giving Urea + Phonska + BPF), P4 (Giving Urea + Phonska + Biochar + BPF), P5 (Giving Urea + Phonska + BPF + Compost), P6 (Giving Urea + Phonska + Biochar) + BPF + Compost). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so as many as 21 units of experimental polybags were obtained. Parameters measured were total bacterial population, population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, soil microbial respiration, pH, cation exchange capacity, and C-Organic. The results showed that the application of integrated fertilizers (inorganic, compost and biological-BPF) and rice husk biochar had a significant effect. on the total bacterial population, BPF and soil microbial respiration in the corn plant rhizosphere observed at the maximum vegetative period. From this study, it was concluded that the combination of inorganic fertilizer + organic fertilizer + bpf and biochar was the best combination in increasing the total population of bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and soil microbial respiration.

Influence of Pseudomonas and Biofertisol as Foliar Spray on Nodulation Attributes and Yield of Vegetable Pea under STCR Approach

A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season in the Experimental Field, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) under RBD design with four replications consisting of five treatments of two types of biofertilizers: Pseudomonas and Biofertisol, and scheduled combinations of inorganic fertilizers based on STCR (Soil Test Crop Response) to achieve the desired yield using the vegetable pea variety PSM-3. The response due to treatment of T4 (TY 100 q (58:110:47) + 5 t FYM+1 spray of Pseudomonas+1 spray of Biofertisol) was significantly effective in increasing nodulation attributes (nodulation enumeration, biomass and leghaemoglobin content) by 28.46, 47.15, and 35.29%; 78.33, 95.86, and 86.17%; and 21.70, 65.70, and 20.26%, respectively, relative to that of control. Yields of the crop were best harvested due to T4 by 85.97 % over that of control 56.70 kg ha-1. The continuous application of chemical fertilisers has decreased the fertility of the soil and degraded the soil. The reduction in the fertility of the soil has resulted in poor crop yields. The nutrient management of all the treatments involves the judicious use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, along with microbes, to meet the nutrient needs of the crop while minimizing environmental impacts.

Influence of Pseudomonas and Biofertisol as a Foliar Spray on Soil Properties under STCR Approach

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season in the Experimental field, Department of Soil Science, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) under RBD design with four replications comprising five treatments of two types of biofertilizers: Pseudomonas and Biofertisol and scheduled combinations of inorganic fertilizers based on STCR (Soil Test Crop Response) for achieving targeted yield by using variety of vegetable pea, PSM-3. The best response was recorded from the application of treatment T5 (TY120 q(87:147:74) +5tFYM) for increasing the content of soil available nutrients (N, P and K) by 7.89, 29.95 and 8.25%, respectively over that from control. Effect due to T4 was significantly prominent on the proliferation of microorganisms viz., Rhizobium sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Lactobacillus sp. better by 6.79 log cfu (61.38 x 105 cfu g-1 soil), 6.44 log cfu (27.67 x 105 cfu g-1 soil) and 4.42 log cfu (26.18 x 103 cfu g-1 soil), respectively over control. The same treatment T4 induced the enzyme activity of dehydrogenase by 86.99% as compared to that of the control (5.23 µg TPF hr-1 g-1). Yields of the crop were best harvested due to T4 by 81.91% over that of control 56.93 kg ha-1. The vegetable pea (Pisum sativum L.), a cool-season crop and an important pulse crop in India. One of the impediments to supporting vegetable pea production and productivity is low soil fertility. Anthropogenic causes such as heavy use of fertilizer exacerbated the problem. A combination of fertilizers, biofertilizers and FYM are the solution to the problem since it makes use of available organic and inorganic nutrients and microbes to create an environmentally sound and economically sustainable farming system.

Influence of INM on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) NEPZ

At the United University's Agricultural Research Farm in Rawatpur, Jhalwa, Prayagraj (U.P.), India, during the Kharif season of 2022, a research on green gram (Vigna radiata L.) was carried out to examine the effects of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, and economics. On green gram (Vigna radiata L), the experiment was conducted using a randomized bock design with three replications in all allowable combinations of inorganic fertilizers, Rhizobium, and PSB together with FYM. This study showed that plant height (91.99 cm), dry weight (105.45 g), and number of root nodules (111.33) were all significantly enhanced by 100% RDF + 5.0 tonnes FYM ha-1 + Rhizobium and PSB seed inoculation. In terms of increasing yield and yield-related indicators, such as number of pods plant-1 (31.43), number of seeds pod-1 (12.46), test weight (37.26 g), and harvest index (34.90%), the same treatment combination likewise showed the best results. As a result, adding farm yard manure at a rate of 5 tonnes per hectare coupled with Rhizobium and PSB increased yield compared to the control. But using 100% RDF, bio fertilizer, and FYM @ 5.0 tonnes ha-1 greatly boosts gross returns (₹ 104,120.00), net returns (₹ 76,017.00), and benefit: cost ratio (2.70). These results showed that the addition of organic matter, inorganic fertilizers, and bio-fertilizers all combined to boost yield while using various nutrition sources.

Combination of inorganic and bio-organic fertilizer on growth and production of Paddy Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The excessive use of inorganic fertilizers by farmers in Riau Province is quite worrying about the decline in soil quality. Based on this, this study aims to obtain the best combination dose of inorganic fertilizer N, P, K with bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and production of rice. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications so that 24 experimental units were obtained with the treatments being tested were P0= 100% inorganic fertilizer + petroganic; P1= 100% inorganic fertilizer; P2= 100% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost; P3= 75% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost; P4= 75% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost + biofertilizer; P5= 50% inorganic fertilizer + 100% sludge compost + biofertilizer. The results showed that the application of a combination of inorganic fertilizers N, P, K with bio-organic fertilizers had not been able to increase plant height and weight of milled dry grain, but can give the same results as the application of 100% N, P, K on rice grain parameters and 1000 grain weight in a combination of 75% inorganic fertilizer, 4 tons/ha of compost, and 10 ml of biofertilizer.

Integrated Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The present investigation was carried out during winter of 2018-2019 at the Horticulture Farm of Post Graduate College, Ghazipur. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Ten treatment combinations viz. T1-Control (100% Recommended dose of NPK), T2-75% NPK + 25% Azotobactor, T3-50% NPK + 50% Azotobactor, T4-25% NPK + 75% Azotobactor, T5-75% NPK + 25% PSB, T6-50% NPK + 50% PSB, T7- 25% NPK + 75% PSB, T8-75% NPK + 25% Azotobactor + 25% PSB, T9-50% NPK + 50% Azotobactor + 50% PSB and T10-25% NPK + 75% Azotobactor + 75% PSB. It can be concluded that the maximum growth attributes, yield parameter and yield of onion may be obtained by the application of 75% NPK + 25% Azotobactor + 25%PSBtreatment (T8), while, the treatment T7, i.e. application of 25% NPK + 75% PSB was also found to be good for growth and yield parameter of onion. It was observed that the combination of inorganic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers influence the growth and yield attributes. . Therefore, from the present investigation, it can be concluded that the onion variety N-53 performed economically well by the application of 75% NPK + 25% Azotobacter+25% PSB as compared to rest treatment.

Enersol Promotes Growth and Yield Performance of Pechay (Brassica rapa L. var. chinensis (L.) Hanelt)

This study presents the results of a field bio-efficacy evaluation to assess the impact of Enersol® LDG, a mineral fertilizer containing leonardite and humic acid, on the growth and yield of pechay (Brassica rapa) in Puypuy, Bay, Laguna, Philippines. In pechay production, there is a need for a plant food supplement that facilitates immediate nutrient absorption. Leonardite-based products have been used to improve soil properties and to help plants withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. Leonardite is an important raw material in the manufacture of commercial products rich in humic and fulvic acids. An experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted, with different combinations of Enersol® LDG and inorganic fertilizer applied basally at seed sowing. Results showed that the combination of Enersol® LDG and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the total fresh yield of pechay compared to other treatments. However, reducing the amount of inorganic fertilizer resulted in lower yields, regardless of the Enersol® LDG application rate. The marketable yield and percent marketable yield were also significantly higher in plants treated with Enersol® LDG and inorganic fertilizer combinations compared to the control and Enersol® LDG alone. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Enersol® LDG, when combined with inorganic fertilizer, significantly enhanced the growth, and yield of pechay. Further research is recommended to explore optimal dosage and application methods for maximizing pechay production using Enersol® LDG.

Impact of Organic Manure, Inorganic Fertilizers and Bioinoculants on Production and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Field trials were undertaken to investigate the impact of integrated nutrient management on wheat yield and economic aspects during the Rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experimentation took place at the student's instructional farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology in Kanpur. The study encompassed 11 treatment combinations, organized in a randomized block design with three replications. These treatments involved varying combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers. The cultivation of wheat variety HD-2967 was carried out in accordance with the suggested agronomic practices. Based on the outcomes derived from the investigation, it can be deduced that among the various productivity parameters, the treatment labeled as T10 [100 % NPK + S40 + Zn5 + Fe10 + Azotobacter + PSB + 5 ton FYM] exhibited the highest grain yield of 48.60 and 49.93 quintals per hectare, straw yield of 63.15 and 67.53 quintals per hectare, and biological yield of 111.75 and 117.46 quintals per hectare across both years of experimentation. For economic factors, the treatment T10 also yielded the highest gross returns of ₹ 1,40,190 and ₹154,632 during the first year (2021-22) and second year (2022-23) of the experiment, respectively. Moreover, the treatment T7 [100 % NPK + Zn5] showcased the maximum benefit-cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 2.26 and 2.39. It is noteworthy that the highest costs of cultivation were observed in the treatment T10, amounting to ₹ 53,805 in the first year and ₹ 55,561 in the second year. This treatment encompassed a combination of 100 % NPK, S40, Zn5, Fe10, Azotobacter, PSB, and 5 tons of FYM.

Growth Characteristics, Yield Components and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management on under Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

Field experiments were carried out at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, to investigate the influence of integrated nutrient management on wheat growth metrics, yield components, and yield during the rabi seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23.The trial included 11 treatment combinations in a randomised block design with three replications and each treatment combination likely involves different combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers. Wheat variety HD-2967 was grown with the using prescribed agronomic practices. According to investigation results the maximum plant height at maturity is 99.85 cm and 102.79 cm, the maximum number of effective tillers is 101.45 cm and 104.83, and the maximum ear length is 11.29 cm and 11.76 cm are associated with the treatment T10 [100 % NPK + S40 + Zn5 + Fe10 + Azotobacter + PSB + 5 tonne FYM] during both years of experimentation. Similarly, among the yield components and productivity parameters maximum values with regard to the number of spikelet ear-1 (22.64 and 22.95), grain ear-1 (43.11 and 46.03), 1000 grain wt. (41.17 and 42.13 gm), grain yield (48.60 and 49.93 q ha-1) and straw yield (63.15 and 67.53 q ha-1) have been observed in the treatment T10 [100 % NPK + S40 + Zn5 + Fe10 + Azotobacter + PSB + 5 tonne FYM] during both the years of the experimentation. The objective of the study to understand how different combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure, and biofertilizers affect the growth and productivity of wheat, specifically the HD-2967 variety, when grown using recommended agronomic practices.