Innovative Youth Research Articles

Observational constraint on the dark energy scalar field * *H. Li is Supported by the Sino US Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science and Technology (2016YFE0104700), Youth Innovation Promotion Association Project of CAS. The research is also Supported in part by NSFC (11653001) and Pilot B Project of CAS (XDB23020000)

In this paper, we study three scalar fields, namely the quintessence, phantom, and tachyon fields, to explore the source of dark energy via the Gaussian processes method from the background and perturbation growth rate data. The corresponding reconstructions suggest that the dark energy should be dynamical. Moreover, the quintom field, which is a combination of the quintessence and phantom fields, is powerfully favored by the reconstruction. The mean values indicate that the potential in the quintessence field is a double exponential function, whereas in the phantom field is a double Gaussian function. This reconstruction can provide an important reference for the scalar field study. The two types of data employed reveal that the tachyon field is disadvantageous for describing the cosmic acceleration.

Directions for modernization of innovative youth startup design in Belarus

Technology and change have a great impact on every aspect of life, including education. Educational institutions are undoubtedly an important part of this whole process. Educational institutions are facing major cultural, demographic and, above all, technological changes. Today, teachers are facing new ways of teaching in the digital age that effectively incorporate technology into the educational environment. The authors of this article discuss the issue of change management, learning in the digital age and its impact on educational practices and experiences. In this context, the method of content analysis of relevant documents is applied, as well as the results of previous theoretical and empirical research of many scientists and researchers in this field. The conclusions reached are an appropriate starting point for future action in the framework of educational activities, policies and perspectives. Higher education in its system has always developed in different areas of science and has made changes that are aimed at training professionals in relevant areas of our economy. With different structures, but subject to foundations that provide sustainability and conditions for innovations that update it to be useful to society. Education has always required a lot - to provide specialists for various positions in industry and all economic fields, to be a good basis for research and research, to provide personal development mainly to young people, but also without age restrictions, especially in the last years of his career. To a greater or lesser degree, the correspondence between supply and needs is ensured both by the quality of the process itself and by the quantity of the offered educational service.

Experimental Studies on Fuel Spray Characteristics of Pressure-Swirl Atomizer and Air-Blast Atomizer

The original article has been corrected. It was written: Acknowledgments This work was supported by National Science and Technology Major Project (Project No. 2017-III-0007 and No. 2017-III-0002) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Science (No. 2019147). It is written: Acknowledgments This work was supported by National Science and Technology Major Project (Project No. 2017-III-0007-0032 and No. 2017-III-0002-0026) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Science (No. 2019147).

Experimental Protection of the Spin Coherence of a Molecular Qubit Exceeding a MillisecondSupported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0306600 and 2016YFB0501603), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. GJJSTD20170001, QYZDY-SSW-SLH004, and QYZDB-SSW-SLH005), and Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies (Grant No. AHY050000). X.R. thanks the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences for

Molecular qubits are promising as they can benefit from tailoring and versatile design of chemistry. It is essential to reduce the decoherence of molecular qubits caused by their interactions with the environment. Herein the dynamical decoupling (DD) technique is utilized to combat such decoherence. The coherence time for a transition-metal complex (PPh4)2[Cu(mnt)2] is prolonged from 6.8 μs to 1.4 ms. The ratio of the coherence time and the length of π/2 pulse, defined as the single qubit figure of merit (Q M), reaches 1.4 × 105, which is 40 times greater than what previously reported for this molecule. Our results show that molecular qubits, with milliseconds coherence time, are promising candidates for quantum information processing.

Absence of magnetic order in dichloro [1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane] nickel2+ single crystal* *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0403502), the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2017483). A portion of this work was supported by the High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Dichloro [1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane] nickel2+ (NiCl2(dppe)) is an organic compound containing C26H24P2(dppe) molecules and Cl−, Ni2+ ions. The large-size NiCl2(dppe) single crystals with longest dimension of 4 mm were grown by the method of slow evaporation of organic solution. Single crystal x-ray diffraction spectrum indicates that the single crystal is of high quality. Magnetization results of the NiCl2(dppe) single crystals show an anisotropic paramagnetism behavior and diamagnetic background, which come from Ni2+ ions and benzene ring, respectively. However, according to the specific heat results with temperature down to 0.1 K and magnetic field up to 14 T, no expected field-induced quantum phase transition was observed in NiCl2(dppe) single crystals.

First-Principles Study of Intrinsic Point Defects of Monolayer GeSSupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61922077, 11804333, 11704114, 11874347, 61121491, 61427901, 11634003, and U1930402), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFB0700700 and 2018YFB2200100), the Science Challenge Project (Grant No. TZ2016003), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The properties of six kinds of intrinsic point defects in monolayer GeS are systematically investigated using the “transfer to real state” model, based on density functional theory. We find that Ge vacancy is the dominant intrinsic acceptor defect, due to its shallow acceptor transition energy level and lowest formation energy, which is primarily responsible for the intrinsic p-type conductivity of monolayer GeS, and effectively explains the native p-type conductivity of GeS observed in experiment. The shallow acceptor transition level derives from the local structural distortion induced by Coulomb repulsion between the charged vacancy center and its surrounding anions. Furthermore, with respect to growth conditions, Ge vacancies will be compensated by fewer n-type intrinsic defects under Ge-poor growth conditions. Our results have established the physical origin of the intrinsic p-type conductivity in monolayer GeS, as well as expanding the understanding of defect properties in low-dimensional semiconductor materials.

Discovery of Pre-Existing Drugs that Suppress the Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vitro

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19), is responsible for the ongoing pandemic but still lacks approved antivirals. Repurposing pre-existing FDA approved drugs presents a rapid approach for new therapeutic options. In the present study, we report that three pre-existing FDA-approved drugs, i.e., vapreotide, grazoprevir, and simeprevir, inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cells. The E50 values of vapreotide, grazoprevir, and simeprevir against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells was 3.98 ± 0.35 μM, 2.08 ± 0.13 μM, and 1.41 ± 0.12 μM, respectively. In vitro biochemical experiments further revealed that vapreotide, grazoprevir, and simeprevir efficiently inhibits the unwinding activity of the Nsp13 helicase of SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 values of ⁓10, ⁓2.5, and ⁓1.25 µM, respectively, providing signs for understanding their antiviral mechanism of action. Given their good safety profiles in their original indications, our study offices new insights in repurposing these drugs alone or in combination with other antivirals in the global fighting against SARS-CoV-2.Funding: This work was financially supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (to H.Y.), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31770192 and No. 32070187 to H.Y.).Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

Reductive Stress in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Caused by Ero1α <i>S</i>-Nitrosation Accelerates Senescence

Oxidative stress in aging has attracted much attention, however, the role of reductive stress in aging remains largely unknown. We report that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes reductive stress during replicative senescence as detected by specific glutathione and H2O2 fluorescent probes. We constructed an ER reductive stress cell model by ER-specific catalase overexpression and observed accelerated senescence phenotypes accompanied with proteostasis disruption and compromise of the ER unfolded protein response. S-nitrosation of ER sulfhydryl oxidase Ero1α led to decreased activity in catalyzing oxidative protein folding and lower levels of H2O2 and GSSG/GSH, therefore resulting in reductive stress. Expression of a constitutively active Ero1α restored an oxidizing state in the ER and successfully rescued senescence phenotypes. Our results uncover a new mechanism of senescence promoted by ER reductive stress and provide proof-of-concept that maintaining the oxidizing power of the ER and organelle-specific precision redox regulation could be valuable future geroprotective strategies. Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program (2017YFA0504000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91849203, 31900893, 32022033), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB39000000, XDB37020303), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS, to L.W. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

A Novel Radiomic Signature for Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in T1 Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Study

Background: To develop and validate a radiomic signature for the prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by utilizing common, non-invasive, clinical imaging data. With this signature, patients with T1 CRC at a lower-risk of LNM may avoid extensive radical surgical treatments required in high-risk cases. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 559 T1 CRC patients enrolled at three hospitals. Key radiomic features were extracted from CT images and T2w-MR images using a coarse-to-fine feature selection strategy. These features were used to generate three radiomic signatures based on CT, MR and combined (CT&MR) imaging data. The performance of these radiomic signatures were compared within the primary and external validation cohorts. Furthermore, their prediction performance and clinical usefulness were measured and compared with those of a clinical information-based model. Findings: The radiomic signature combining CT and MR images achieved AUCs of 0.872 (95% CI, 0.770-0.974) in the primary cohort and 0.812 (95% CI, 0.709-0.915) in validation cohort 1, which were significantly better than those of other prediction models. More importantly, the signature achieved high negative predictive values (95.5% in the primary cohort and 97.9% in the validation cohort 1). The decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of this signature. Interpretation: The study suggests that the radiomic signature can accurately predict LNM in cases of T1 CRC. Furthermore, combining CT and MR images can achieve better performance. Specifically, the radiomic signature can potentially reduce overtreatment in patients who were misdiagnosed as LNM+. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81922040, 81920108026, 81871964, 81930053, 81227901, and 81527805), the National Ten Thousand Plan Young Top Talents (for Dr. Yanlei Ma), the Shanghai Young Top Talents (for Dr. Yanlei Ma. No. QNBJ1701), the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund (No.19410713300), CSCO-Roche Tumor Research Fund (No. Y-2019Roche-079), the Fudan Outstanding Young Talent Training Plan (No.YJYQ201601), and the Shanghai Pujiang Program (No.17PJD007), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 7182109, the National Key Research and Development Plan of China under Grant Nos. 2017YFA0205200, the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (grant number 2019136). Declaration of Interest: The authors indicated no potential conflicts of interest. Ethical Approval: The study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee of each participating hospital.

Multi-Omic Profiling of Plasma Identify Biomarkers and Pathogenesis of COVID-19 in Children

Background: Children usually develop less severe disease responding to COVID-19 than adults. However, little is known about the detailed mechanism and pathogenesis of children with COVID-19 (CC), and its difference to adults with COVID-19 (AC).Methods: We conducted a plasma proteomic and metabolomic profiling, using the blood samples of 30 children including 18 CC cases and 12 healthy children (HC). By comparing the multi-omic data of AC, standard statistical tests were used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and metabolites (DEMs) exclusively altered in CC. Enrichment analyses were conducted to identify biological processes/pathways specifically enriched in CC. To identify potential CC-specific biomarkers, we developed a new machine learning-based method named inference of biomarker combinations with minimal bias (iBM). Further experiments were conducted to validate the predicted metabolic markers.Findings: By quantifying 757 proteins and 1174 metabolites, we identified 44 DEPs and 249 DEMs exclusively altered in CC. Enrichment analyses demonstrated that in CC both deleterious immune response/inflammation processes and protective anti-inflammatory processes were strongly induced in the proteomic level, whereas protective anabolism-related processes were enriched in the metabolomic level. Using iBM, we prioritized two CC-specific biomarker combinations that contained 5 proteins and 5 metabolites, respectively, each exhibiting a total area under curve (AUC) value of 100% to accurately distinguish CC from HC or AC. Further experiments showed that the identified metabolites not only inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, but also suppressed coronaviral replication, implying that these factors played key roles in protecting pediatric patients from both viral infection and infection-induced inflammation.Interpretation: The finding of a strong antagonism of deleterious and protective effects provided new insights on the mechanism and pathogenesis of CC cases that mostly undergo mild symptoms. The identified CC-specific biomarkers could serve as candidate drug targets or therapeutic agents of COVID-19.Funding Statement: This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (XDB29010300 to X.Z.), the National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX10101004 to X.Z.), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873964 to Y.Q., 31930021, 31970633 and 34671360 to Y.X., and 31670161 to X.Z.), Grant from the CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association (2020332 to Y.Q.), the program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team (Y.X.).Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.Ethics Approval Statement: All work performed in this study was approved by the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Ethics Committee and Written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Commission of the designated hospital for emerging infectious diseases.

Setup of a dipole trap for all-optical trapping* *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0307500 and 2017YFA0304401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11634013 and 11774388), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB21030100), the CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association (Grant Nos. 2018364

Micromotion induced by the radio-frequency field contributes greatly to the systematic frequency shifts of optical frequency standards. Although different strategies for mitigating this effect have been proposed, trapping ions optically has the potential to provide a generic solution to the elimination of micromotion. This could be achieved by trapping a single ion in the dipole trap composed of a highpower laser field. Here, we present the setup of the dipole trap composed of a 532 nm laser at a power of 10 W aiming to optically trap a single 40Ca+ and we observe an AC-Stark shift of the fluorescence spectrum line of ∼22 MHz caused by the 532 nm dipole beam. The beam waist of the dipole laser is several microns, which would provide a dipole potential strong enough for all-optical trapping of a single 40Ca+ ion.

Ring artifacts correction based on the projection-field in neutron CT* *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0401502 and 2017YFB0701903), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1832219 and 12005166), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant No. 2017023), the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant

Ring artifacts will happen mostly when the detector has inconsistent response among the detector channels, and the characteristic produced rings centered in the iso-center in the reconstructed slices inevitably affect the recognition and analysis of the corresponding sample structures in neutron computed tomography (CT). In this work, a ring correction method based on the projection-field (RCP) is proposed, it is a pre-processing method and provides the corrected projection data directly, which is also conducive to efficient data storage and other algorithmic researches. Simulation and physical experiments are performed for verifying the effect of the method, and one of the correction methods based on the image-field is used for comparison. The results demonstrate that the RCP can correct the ring artifacts well without reducing the image resolution or over-correction.

Дайджест опитувань U-Report: ІV квартал 2020 р. (кар’єрний розвиток молоді, креативний потенціал молоді, здоровий спосіб життя)

Paper presents the results of the innovative youth project U-Report. Report for October – December 2020: job satisfaction; factors influencing the choice of profession by young people; career development skills; creative leisure; opportunities for the realization of the creative potential of adolescents; the healthy lifestyle of young people.

Environmental preservation: Mrican youth innovation on slummed irrigation channels (Bendung Lepen Gajah Wong)

The environment is something that is very influential in life, but cannot be avoided from the term pollution. The problem is a top priority for local residents, so the tips needed are environmental preservation to maintain a beautiful environment and the balance of the ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to describe the origin of the formation Bendung Lepen Gajah Wong, the role of youth in the construction of Bendung Lepen Gajah Wong, and the function of Bendung Lepen Gajah Wong in the lives of local residents. The qualitative method is appropriately used in this program by conducting interviews, observations, and documentation to obtain relevant data or information. The results of this program indicate that 1) before Bendung Lepen Gajah Wong was built, it was a river that was used for irrigation channels which was filled with waste and garbage so as to pollute the environment. 2) Seeing the condition of the environment which is filled with garbage, there arises the awareness of the young people around to preserve the environment by cleaning up trash around the river and Bendung Lepen Gajah Wong. 3) Bendung Lepen Gajah Wong weir currently functions as an irrigation channel in irrigating rice fields, as a tourist attraction as well as an educational facility for visitors, especially for children, and as a counterweight to the ecosystem.

Evolution of domain structure in Fe3GeTe2 * *Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2017YFA0206202 and 2019YFA0308000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51871130, 62022089, and 11874405), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2019007).

Two-dimensional (2D) magnets provide an ideal platform to explore new physical phenomena in fundamental magnetism and to realize the miniaturization of magnetic devices. The study on its domain structure evolution with thickness is of great significance for better understanding the 2D magnetism. Here, we investigate the magnetization reversal and domain structure evolution in 2D ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) with a thickness range of 11.2–112 nm. Three types of domain structures and their corresponding hysteresis loops can be obtained. The magnetic domain varies from a circular domain via a dendritic domain to a labyrinthian domain with increasing FGT thickness, which is accompanied by a transition from squared to slanted hysteresis loops with reduced coercive fields. These features can be ascribed to the total energy changes from exchange interaction-dominated to dipolar interaction-dominated with increasing FGT thickness. Our finding not only enriches the fundamental magnetism, but also paves a way towards spintronics based on 2D magnet.

Innovation ecosystems for youth agrifood entrepreneurship in the Mediterranean region

This paper is the outcome of a reflection on the MIP report 2020, a collection of information and data used to describe the scenario on youth innovation and entrepreneurship in agrifood sector in Mediterranean countries. In particular, it highlights the need to study innovation in Mediterranean regions under the lens of social and institutional innovation. It is argued that social and institutional innovation are key drivers of the development of Innovation Ecosystems. The paper discusses the main findings - and relevant case studies - of the MIP report, with a specific attention to the role of the Innovation Support Organizations. It is noted that while in the field of institutional innovation there are signs of official activity, in the field of social innovation there is no or very limited attempt to embody social innovation into national policy frameworks. However, the article identifies interesting bottom-up initiatives that may constitute the basis for new policy initiatives.

Regulating Crystal Structure and Atomic Arrangement in Single-Component Metal Oxides through Electrochemical Conversion for Efficient Overall Water Splitting.

Single-component transition-metal oxide (TMO: FeOx, NiOx, or CoOx) nanosheets grown on nickel foam (NF) were electrochemically optimized with Li ion (Na ion)-induced conversion reaction for bifunctional electrocatalysis. The optimum FeOx/NF-Li electrocatalyst exhibits low overpotentials of 239 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction and 276 mV for oxygen evolution reaction at a current density of 100 mA cm-2. A two-electrode water splitting cell using FeOx/NF-Li as both anode and cathode requires only 1.60 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2. The impressive water splitting performance of the FeOx/NF-Li electrode is revealed to be attributed to Li-induced electrochemical conversion, which alters the crystal structure, creating more active sites for electrocatalytic reactions, as well as introduces O vacancies increasing the electron density and the intrinsic conductivity. More importantly, the atomic arrangement is regulated from tetrahedral Fe(Td) to octahedral Fe(Oh) coordination, which acts as catalytically active sites with reduced Gibbs free energy for the rate-determining steps. This electrochemical conversion reaction can be extended to other TMOs (i.e., NiOx/NF and CoOx/NF) for promoted electrocatalytic water splitting performances. This study provides an in-depth understanding on the nature of atomic and electronic structure evolution to promote the electrocatalytic activity.

Parameter accuracy analysis of weak-value amplification process in the presence of noise* *Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0305200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674234 and 11605205), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grant Nos. cstc2015jcyjA00021 and cstc2018jcyjAX0656), the Innovation Project of Sichuan University (Grant No. 2018SCUH0021), the

We theoretically introduce the statistical uncertainty of photon number and phase error to discuss the precision of parameters to be measured based on weak measurements. When the photon counting scheme is used, we discuss the relative accuracy of the system in the presence of phase error by using the orthogonal and nonorthogonal pre- and post-selected states, respectively. When using the measurement scheme of pointer shift, we discuss the measurement accuracy in the presence of phase error, pointer resolution, and statistical uncertainty. These results give a guide way to get the smallest relative precision and deepen our understanding about weak measurement.

Superconducting anisotropy and vortex pinning in CaKFe4As4 and KCa2Fe4As4F2 * *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11574338) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China–China Academy of Engineering Physics NSAF Joint Fund (Grant No. U1530402). The experimental measurements were supported by the Superconducting Electronics Facility (SELF) of Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology.

The vortex pinning determining the current carrying capacity of a superconductor is an important property to the applications of superconducting materials. For layered superconductors, the vortex pinning can be enhanced by a strong interlayer interaction in accompany with a suppression of superconducting anisotropy, which remains to be investigated in iron based superconductors (FeSCs) with the layered structure. Here, based on the transport and magnetic torque measurements, we experimentally investigate the vortex pinning in two bilayer FeSCs, CaKFe4As4(Fe1144) and KCa2Fe4As4F2(Fe12442), and compare their superconducting anisotropy γ. While the anisotropy γ ≈ 3 for Fe1144 is much smaller than γ ≈ 15 in Fe12442 around T c, a higher flux pinning energy as evidenced by a higher critical current density is found in Fe1144, as compared with the case of Fe12442. In combination with the literature data of Ba0.72K0.28Fe2As2 and NdFeAsO0.82F0.18, we reveal an anti-correlation between the pinning energy and the superconducting anisotropy in these FeSCs. Our results thus suggest that the interlayer interaction can not be neglected when considering the vortex pinning in FeSCs.

Gap Structure of 12442-Type KCa2(Fe1−x Co x )4As4F2 (x = 0, 0.1) Revealed by Temperature Dependence of Lower Critical FieldSupported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2015187), the “Strategic Priority Research Program (B)” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB30000000), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.

We report an in-depth investigation on the out-of-plane lower critical field H c1 of the KCa2(Fe1−x Co x )4As4F2 (12442-type, x = 0, 0.1). The multi-gap feature is revealed by the kink in the temperature-dependent H c1(T) curve for the two samples with different doping levels. Based on a simplified two-gap model, the magnitudes of the two gaps are determined to be Δ 1 = 1.2 meV and Δ 2 = 5.0 meV for the sample with x = 0, Δ 1 = 0.86 meV and Δ 2 = 2.8 meV for that with x = 0.1. With the cobalt doping, the ratio of energy gap to critical transition temperature (Δ/k B T c) remains almost unchanged for the smaller gap and is suppressed by 20% for the larger gap. For the undoped KCa2Fe4As4F2, the obtained gap sizes are generally consistent with the results of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments.