User Innovation Research Articles

Large-Scale Data Analysis for Glucose Variability Outcomes with Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.

Open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) technologies use the latest continuous glucose monitors (CGM), insulin pumps, and algorithms to automate insulin delivery for effective diabetes management. Early community-wide adoption of open-source AID, such as OpenAPS, has motivated clinical and research communities to understand and evaluate glucose-related outcomes of such user-driven innovation. Initial OpenAPS studies include retrospective studies assessing high-level outcomes of average glucose levels and HbA1c, without in-depth analysis of glucose variability (GV). The OpenAPS Data Commons dataset, donated to by open-source AID users with insulin-requiring diabetes, is the largest freely available diabetes-related dataset with over 46,070 days’ worth of data and over 10 million CGM data points, alongside insulin dosing and algorithmic decision data. This paper first reviews the development toward the latest open-source AID and the performance of clinically approved GV metrics. We evaluate the GV outcomes using large-scale data analytics for the n = 122 version of the OpenAPS Data Commons. We describe the data cleaning processes, methods for measuring GV, and the results of data analysis based on individual self-reported demographics. Furthermore, we highlight the lessons learned from the GV outcomes and the analysis of a rich and complex diabetes dataset and additional research questions that emerged from this work to guide future research. This paper affirms previous studies’ findings of the efficacy of open-source AID.

Problems of Extended State Observer and Proposal of Compensation Function Observer for Unknown Model and Application in UAV

The extended state observer (ESO) used to estimate the unknown model for nonlinear systems has been widely applied in model-free control. In the ESO, three factors: 1) nonderivative structure; 2) insufficient usage of innovation; and 3) no compensation of the unknown character of a nonlinear function, causing low type and low accuracy of observation are identified. The convergence problem of the ESO is also raised. A simple linear compensation function observer (CFO) is proposed. The CFO adopts the derivative form overcoming the structure problem of the ESO, fully uses the available innovation, and then introduces a compensator to replace the unknown function. The filtering compensator counteracts the effect of the time-varying nonlinear unknown model to make the error equation behave with desired poles. The convergence of the CFO is theoretically proved. The CFO is the Type-III system, whereas the ESO is a Type-I system; therefore, the CFO has a qualitative leap over the ESO in accuracy improvement of observation. The CFO can observe nonlinear functions, including lumped disturbances, uncertainties, and unmodeled parts for nonlinear systems. The CFO decouples the multi-input and multioutput (MIMO) systems. Five unknown typical nonlinear functions are tested and demonstrates that the CFO qualitatively prevails over the ESO. The MIMO chaotic attitude system of a small-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) helicopter is conducted with results that CFO performance of function observation is highly improved over that of ESO about 29 times.

The role and tasks of patient groups as an innovator of health and medical system : Focused on the activities of Korean Society Type 1 Diabetes

The health and medical service paradigm is changing from provider-centered treatment to consumer-centered prevention and management. As medical expenses increase due to an increase in the number of chronically ill patients, national policy support is in progress to increase their healthy lifespan. The perception of the patient is also changing from a passive object to a subject. Accordingly, discussions on how to re-establish the role of the patient and organize and grow as an innovation agent are also in full swing. In this study, the case of ‘Korean Society Type 1 Diabetes’, which is leading user-driven innovation activities in the living lab method. The Korean Society Type 1 Diabetes has been building a new patient-led disease management system by not only developing patient-led devices, but also taking the lead in medical policies and improving social awareness. In particular, since it was an ‘undone science’ field that specialized institutions and related organizations were not interested in, patients and their families as the parties and the final user are making related technologies, laws, and institutions. By operating a field-based, patient-led living lab, it is becoming a major player of building a patient-centered research platform while developing capabilities and creating alternatives to problem-solving. Through technological experiments, network expansion, and related institutional innovation activities related to type 1 diabetes, patient group is conducting a leading experiment in achieving a transition from a hospital and treatment-oriented health care system to a patient-centered, prevention and care-centered health care system.

User innovation rings the bell for new horizons in e-health: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeThe study examines the amplifying role of users in the e-healthcare sector and holistically show its current state and potential. The paper aims at contributing to the scientific literature with a comprehensive review of the current state of the art on the application of user innovation (UI) in the e-healthcare sector, as a solid step for discussing the potential, trends, managerial gaps and future research avenues in this field. Despite the crucial importance of the topic and increasing attention toward it in the last few years, there is a lack of comprehensive scrutiny on different angles of involving users in health technology innovations so far.Design/methodology/approachThis study combines two methods of bibliometric analysis and extensive content analysis of 169 journal articles on Scopus and Web of Science to unfold five research questions regarding the mechanisms of involving users, innovations characteristics and the role of users throughout the innovation process.FindingsA clear result of the applied methodology is the profiling of users involved in e-health innovations in seven categories. The results of this study shed light on the current practice of not involving users in all the stages of the innovation process of m-health, telemedicine, self-managing technologies, which is contrary to the best practices of the UI application.Research limitations/implicationsCollection of relevant studies due to lack of comprehensibility of the keywords.Practical implicationsThe offered propositions can act as a roadmap to potential research opportunities as well as to organize such innovations from a managerial perspective in particular healthcare organization managers and the middle managers operating at R&D sectors and policymakers.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind that digs out the application of UI strategies such as user-centered design in the context of e-healthcare and provides a bibliometric and extensive content analysis of the studies conducted in this theme over the years.

The uneven role of users in service innovation performance

ABSTRACT This paper provides a conceptual and empirical framework for analyzing the role of users in innovation and performance at the firm level in the service sector. The theoretical model builds on the user innovation theory in services and proposes to distinguish between different modes and degrees of user participation that may perform differently. The empirical testing is based on a unique dataset from Finland. Results show that not all user engagement led to similar impacts: more active roles versus passive ones have a significant positive relationship with innovation output, but only specific combinations of user orientation and its intensity matter. Besides, no direct significant impacts from user orientation on productivity were found. As a managerial implication, service companies may approach users as co-innovation partners oriented to service quality and customer satisfaction rather than oriented to increase business efficiency.

Security Concerns regarding Software Development Migrations in Quantum Computing Context

Living in the world managed by technology involves taking into consideration all security aspects which may help, protect, and maintain digital environment healthy. As the technology evolves, the importance of upgrading is emphasized by customer perception and satisfaction and justifies the decision to switch from obsolete alternatives, as monolithic applications which can be found in most public system architectures developed during 2000s, to microservices and increased security ecosystems, as an indisputable requirement. Even so, current times are defined by innovation and quantum computers future usage seems to define a totally new era of security. This paper represents an overview of how this future perspective may affect public system applications and aims to provide a possible approach for integrating mathematical constructs into the security layer to increase protection for the modern software architectural style represented by microservices and which has become the favourite development alternative of the last years.

Enhancing customer satisfaction through open innovation communities: A comparison of knowledge management approaches

Organizational learning integrates core specialized tacit resources and knowledge to facilitate development of strategic interdisciplinary knowledge development, integration, management and innovation. To promote open innovation within a gig economy, we address three problems: first, to identify which knowledge management view may contribute more in deriving, creating and increasing value and customer satisfaction; second, to educate users to learn, improve, and transfer the value to his/her designs via the user innovation community’s (UIC) feedback; third, from the reviews and findings, to identify implications/factors that we should pay more attention to when synergizing strategies and technology amidst co-evolving markets. Scoping our research to individual and additive/incremental Resource-based view (RBV-KM), Knowledge-based view (KBV-KM), and Mixed-based view (MBV-KM) knowledge management approaches, the UIC are framed (positioned) as novice product designers-customers learning via HerAll, a Malaysian B2C niche card design e-commerce website. Hypothetically, RBV-KM may evidence more participation; KBV-KM more meaningful knowledge-sharing, moderated by the leader’s design and leadership skills; MBV-KM better design outcomes, knowledge sharing and the highest designer-customer satisfaction. Findings indicate 75.85% overall average customer satisfaction for RBV-KM, 71.40% KBV-KM and 81.35% MBV-KM. These correspond with the Diamond model and Customer Relationship Models. With perceived value in the midst of inter-connected, co-evolving business models as motivator, customer satisfaction is influenced most by familiarity with the learning environment and tasks, followed by the type and quality of leadership, feedback/comments from the UIC, which influence the development of community and identity, ability, and cultural fit. Findings on the type and timing of rewards and (intelligent) guidance concur with prior literature.

Nothing about us without us: innovating grantmaking processes with participatory methodology

This paper aims to advance the state of knowledge related to innovation and philanthropy, by exploring the emerging field of ‘participatory grantmaking’ (PGM) through the lens of innovation literature. While there are increasing amounts of European and global grantmakers utilizing more participatory methodologies in their grantmaking as a means to move power and increase the collective ability to create social good, there is yet to be any literature specifically exploring the links between these two fields. This conceptual paper, therefore, uses a broad reading of innovation literature to argue that it is most fruitful to consider PGM as innovation within four modalities: as a form of social innovation, process innovation, both radical and incremental innovation, and user-driven innovation. The paper ultimately finds that user-driven innovation (and in particular co-creation / co-production as a strategy to user-driven innovation) may provide the best examples of theory and practical relevance for those utilizing PGM as a means to democratize philanthropy in Europe and beyond.

Promoting product idea contribution of heterogeneous users for product improvement in online innovation communities

ABSTRACT Collaboration between firms and product users has been widely practiced to enhance the efficiency and quality of product development. We consider a collaborative product improvement setting where a sponsoring firm and product users jointly create or promote product design ideas through firm-sponsored online user innovation communities (FOUICs). Using a differential-game framework, we study a benchmark case in which product users involved in FOUICs are homogeneous in their innovative contribution capacities and propensities. We then incorporate users’ heterogeneity such that product users are distinguished into lead users and common users. Our analytical result shows that the equilibrium effort levels and utilities of both the sponsoring firm and product users may increase or decrease with a change in the output elasticities of product design ideas or in the cost elasticities of the effort levels. Moreover, lead users’ equilibrium effort level and utility are more sensitive to the elasticity parameters of product users’ effort than those of common users, and lead users obtain a higher total incentive reward than that of common users. Last, we compare the benchmark model and the extended model to identify the condition under which one model outperforms the other one for both the sponsoring firm and product users.

Electric vehicle user classification and value discovery based on charging big data

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years, it is important to understand the varied EV users for EV sector business innovation. Therefore, identifying different types of EV users and implementing differentiated marketing strategies can assist charging service enterprises in improving profitability and user loyalty. Recency, frequency and monetary (RFM) model is an important data mining method that has important practical applications in customer relationship management and direct marketing fields. To classify EV users, an integrated approach incorporating an extended RFM model, a two-stage clustering method, and the Entropy Weight Method is proposed in this study. Analysis results demonstrate that 7426 EV users are divided into six groups, namely “high value users”, “key users to maintain”, “key users to develop”, “potential users”, “new users” and “lost users”. To estimate the performances of the proposed approach, the traditional cluster algorithm and fuzzy c-means method are compared with the improved entropy-cluster algorithm by using the intraclass method. The results indicate that the proposed approach is more robust than other methods. Finally, we develop related marketing strategies for each group of EV users to assist charging service enterprises in improving their marketing effectiveness and financial performance.

Fintech and Financial Health in Vietnam during the COVID-19 Pandemic: In-Depth Descriptive Analysis

The growing popularity of smartphones and the proliferation of technology have accelerated the development of the digital payment industry. Fintech enables customers to access financial services more efficiently and faster than traditional business, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic due to health protocols, including restrictions on physical contact. This study investigates financial literacy, fintech adoption, and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the financial health of consumers in Vietnam. The relatively higher level of the unbanked population in Vietnam and the lower level of adult financial literacy compared with the ASEAN region motivated this study. Based on judgment sampling, participants were approached using the mall intercept technique, and those familiar with fintech were selected for the research interview. Thirty participants were interviewed and were given a survey form to be filled online using their mobile phones. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software version 23. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, brand image, government support, user innovativeness, and attitude are found to be significantly correlated with fintech adoption in Vietnam, while financial literacy was found to be not significantly correlated with fintech adoption. Furthermore, further analysis using multiple linear regression revealed user innovativeness and attitude have a positive impact towards fintech adoption, and in contrast, financial literacy showed significant negative impact on fintech. This inverse relationship could indicate that in Vietnam, fintech may play a role of bringing financial inclusion where people with lower financial literacy are able to use technology for financial transactions, which was previously inaccessible to them. This could also mean that Vietnamese with higher financial literacy do not see fintech as an important tool for their financial transactions, as they may already have strong access to traditional financial facilities. This research contributes to knowledge in the field of Fintech adoption in Vietnam at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak. To foster greater financial inclusivity and access for the Vietnamese consumers, policy makers could promote the development of fintech business infrastructure and regulatory sandboxes to foster fintech startups.

Open and collaborative innovation for the energy transition: An exploratory study

This work aimed at investigating how electricity sector companies have adapted their approaches to innovation in response to calls for openness and the participation of new actors. It combined results from academic and grey literature as well as real-world initiatives to identify companies' strategies to innovation. A systematic literature review was conducted, aided by the development of an ontology of collaborative and open approaches to innovation. These approaches were associated with four main aspects: open innovation, business model innovation, non-producer innovation, and the open movement. Among the main findings, it can be highlighted that, although partnerships, alliances, and co-development are now quite common, electricity sector companies have just started to participate in open data and open-source initiatives. Outbound innovation is less common compared to inbound practices. Co-creation, co-design, and crowdsourcing reflect the inclusion of communities in the ideation of transition pathways, even though in a limited manner. The inclusion of civil society is also emphasized in the development of alternative partnerships and user innovation. Challenges that accompany the implementation of collaborative and open approaches to innovation are varied and contingent on local circumstances, which emphasizes the relevance of international partnerships for the energy transition.

Destination Prediction Based on Virtual POI Docks in Dockless Bike-Sharing System

As the sharing economy develops and bike-sharing apps emerge, the dockless bike-sharing system (DLBS) has become a competitive alternative to the docked bike-sharing system because of its convenience of finding and parking without physical docks. Meanwhile, new demands are rapidly increasing as DLBS expands, e.g., crowd-sourced re-balancing and pre-ordering during rush hours. A more fine-grained destination prediction is required to tackle these issues. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic-trip-based destination prediction method named P³M. To overcome the uncertainty due to docks’ absence, we introduce the virtual docks derived from POIs and convert a single trip recorded in GPS into several probabilistic trips among POIs using an innovative user behavior model Walking-Riding-Walking Probabilistic Trip. To deal with sparsity, P³M adapts a trip-wised parameter share strategy together with a statistical-based history-feature extractor for better performance without overfitting. Compared with the baseline method, P³M reduces the mean absolute errors measured with distance by 31.55% (from 1.1036 km to 0.7554 km) and is less sensitive to the sparsity of user’s records. Further, we analyze the application of P³M in different types of DLBS and use two simulations to prove its efficiency under insufficient bike supply circumstances.

Mining Engineer L. F. Grauman and the gold mining industry development in Russia

Russia began to establish its gold-mining industry since the end of the 19th—beginning of the 20th centuries and quickly became the world’s top gold producer. Gold mines of East Siberia made a foundation of the Russian gold industry and for a very short period developed from little handicraft diggings into big companies and transnational enterprises like Lena Gold Joint-stock Company. One of the key figures who played a significant role in launching and growth of the Russian gold industry was Leopold F. Grauman, a graduate of the Saint Petersburg Mining Institute. He was a type of a person who integrated the public interests in increasing gold production and the private initiative in development and foundation of the Russian gold industry as a rentable branch of industry based on long-term scientific planning and approach. Grauman was a kind of practitioner, who on his own experience knew how to organize geological expeditions in difficult to pass Siberian taiga, a year-round gold mining in difficult permafrost conditions, usage of technical innovation that indirectly influenced the development of domestic machine industry and production of machines for extreme weather conditions. He initiated the establishment of the Permanent Advisory Committee of gold and platinum entrepreneurs in order to transform Russian gold industry from spontaneous into a planned one. The Committee published its own journal and held regular congresses of gold and platinum entrepreneurs where delegates elected by the regional congresses represented the interests of the regions. The congresses were empowered to make decisions on technical improvements and funding of gold industry as well as questions of labor legislation and improvement of professional level of gold mine workers and employees.

Competition between proprietary and open source vendors with security concerns

ABSTRACT There exists fierce competition in both low-end and high-end markets between open source and proprietary vendors. This paper constructs a game-theoretic model based on Hotelling competition to examine such two types of vendors’ market strategies with security threats. Each vendor can choose to enter high-end market by making the quality effort meet the quality requirement. Security threats are caused by software vulnerability and characterised by negative externalities. Technology similarity is an important element that improves the efficiency of quality effort by facilitating technology spillover but worsens security threats by sharing more vulnerability. Through solving equilibrium solutions by backward induction, I find that under different market strategies: (i) user innovation that contributes to the quality of software product and service of the open source vendor does not always increase its profit because price competition that is intensified by such innovation may offset the contribution; (ii) the risk of security threats benefits both vendors at the cost of user interest since it can soften price competition, while technology similarity that acts as another source of security threats decreases both vendors’ profits. I finally indicate that thanks to user innovation, the open source vendor is relatively more likely to enter the high-end market.

Towards a holistic user innovation policy

This paper aims to synthesize previous user innovation policy proposals into an adapted system of innovation framework, on which a future holistic user innovation policy for the household sector can be based. We do this in three steps. First, we introduce the systems of innovation framework as a comprehensive basis for a holistic approach to innovation policy. Second, we identify and review policy proposals made by user innovation researchers and categorize them according to ten key activities in the systems of innovation framework. Third, from a system of innovation perspective, we synthesize the policy proposals identified into an adapted framework, including determinants specific to user innovation in the household sector. The synthesized proposals are intended to strengthen the systemic and multi-causal effects of policy on household sector user innovation in a country, region, or sector. Future policies for user innovation may, on this basis, be instrumental in avoiding mono-causality, or the concentration on only a few policy instruments in a proposed policy.

Overconfidence and the adoption of robo-advice: why overconfident investors drive the expansion of automated financial advice

Adaptive online platforms, powered by artificial intelligence, commonly referred to as robo-advice, steadily increase their market share. Yet these comparably new financial services are critically understudied. Little is known about why some investors adopt robo-advice for something as essential as asset allocation. The current paper tries to close this gap by shedding light on the causal effect of investor overconfidence on the propensity of using robo-advice. The study proposes a theoretical framework that combines the divergence of opinion hypothesis with consumer behavior insights and information technology diffusion research. The framework is empirically tested on the Investor Sample of the 2015 National Financial Capability Study, a subsample of 2000 US investors. The results from a series of generalized linear, structural, and semiparametric models show that in a pre-chasm market, overconfident investors have a significantly higher propensity of adopting robo-advice. While higher financial literacy seems to decrease robo-advice uptake, unjustified confidence in one’s knowledge causally increases it. Willingness to take financial risk cannot account for the significantly increased adoption of robo-advice among overconfident investors. The findings help managers to better position robo-advice by offering behavioral insights into their user base. In addition, the results outline a managerial tool to take demand-side actions to increase the likelihood of an end-user innovation crossing the chasm.

Hyysalo Sampsa (2021), Citizen Activities in Energy Transition: User Innovation, New Communities, and the Shaping of a Sustainable Future , London, Routledge, 191 p.

Hyysalo Sampsa (2021), Citizen Activities in Energy Transition: User Innovation, New Communities, and the Shaping of a Sustainable Future , London, Routledge, 191 p.

Factors motivating end-users’ behavioural intention to recommend m-health innovation: multi-group analysis

mHealth innovation is health innovation that is gaining adoption in developing countries. The COVID-19 impact and the brain drain of health practitioners in Nigeria are indicating higher importance of the innovation. However, while the literatures on adoption are rising there is paucity of literature on intention to recommend mHealth innovation particularly with gender context. The study considered determinants of end-users’ behavioural intention to recommend mHealth innovation by considering multi-group analysis. Theory of reasoned action was modified with variables from health belief model and unified theory of acceptance and use of innovation to structure the intention to recommend mHealth model. Structured questionnaire with adapted items from extant studies were scaled on 7 point likert scale while snowball sampling technique was adopted in data collection. A total of 291 questionnaires were used in the analysis which was done through IBM Statistics version 23 and AMOS 23. The study used descriptive statistics, structural equation model and an invariant analysis to check the difference between the groups. The model showed good fit using a set of fit indices and coefficient of codetermination that indicates high predictive capacity. The SEM analysis show that subjective norm is the most vital factor that influences end-users’ intention to recommend mHealth innovation to others. Generally, it indicates that male users have higher intention to recommend mHealth innovation than female users of mHealth innovation. The result of the analysis also show that the correlations between the exogenous factors are positive and at least moderate across gender thus indicating the direction for adoption of marketing communication strategies to deepen the awareness of the innovation and encourage recommendation to others. The recommendation suggested center on marketing communication strategies that involves use of role models, influencers, celebrities, health practitioners and other referents to encourage the awareness and intention to recommend the innovation. The key limitation of the study is on sample size and the use of cross-sectional survey design which could pose danger in generalisation of the findings. However, it is concluded in the study that male users of mHealth innovation have higher intention to recommend the innovation than the female users of the innovation.

Innovative Users’ Diffusion Channel Selection: Effects of Lead Userness and Tacit Need Knowledge

Innovative Users’ Diffusion Channel Selection: Effects of Lead Userness and Tacit Need Knowledge