Innovative Technological Advances Research Articles

Silk textiles, crisis and adaptative strategies in Catalonia, 1770–1850s (Barcelona and Manresa)

AbstractThis article compares the impact of the economic crisis of 1787–1832, including the war and the loss of colonial markets, on the silk industry in Barcelona and Manresa, the two main centres of silk production in eighteenth-century Catalonia. In particular, it explores how families adopted different strategies in adapting to the crisis. Some moved into different sectors, including the emerging cotton industry, sometimes accompanied by geographical mobility. Others innovated by manufacturing specialised products, such as ribbons and handkerchiefs, often taking advantage of technological innovations in the textile industry. The article also offers some reflections on the role of women in these adaptative strategies, as far as the limited evidence allows.

Research on Innovative Application of New Media in Visual Communication Design

With the popularization of the Internet in our country and the development of digital media technology, new media technologies have also explored more new ways for the expansion of visual communication design. In the era of new media, the design concept is gradually updated, which also Found more development opportunities and more advanced technological innovation for the design of visual communication, and provide more possibilities for the innovation of visual communication technology. Based on this, this article mainly discusses the strategy of innovative application of new media in visual communication design.

Spaced Education Through e-Learning for Ongoing Professional Development.

The practice of emergency medicine has become increasingly complex. Constant advances in clinical practice, innovative technologies, patient safety and quality initiatives, and local and national policy changes continue to add to the cognitive load on providers. New and innovative professional development approaches are needed to help providers remain current despite busy and disparate clinician schedules. We used a Web-based, spaced education platform, to distribute questions to faculty and fellows within the Division of Emergency Medicine. Included content was prioritized within four subject areas: clinical practice, quality improvement, division and institution policies, and educational efforts. All questions were scenario-based (clinical or administrative), with multiple-choice responses. The platform provided real-time feedback on correct response, with explanations including integrated learning materials. Invited faculty developed the questions internally using standardized resources followed by peer review. Questions were delivered weekly. Metrics regarding engagement and performance were followed, including an anonymized leaderboard. Participants were also surveyed regarding perceptions of individual questions and the overall initiative. Every faculty member (n=55) and fellow (n=18) engaged in the program at some point. Ninety-two percent of participants completed all the questions. The overall correct response rate on first attempt was 65%. For the three most challenging questions, first attempt responses were correct 41% of the time, which increased to 90% on repeat testing. Qualitative analysis of survey comments revealed the following themes: enjoying the e-learning approach, the appreciation for the relevance of the content, and the value and quality of the explanations with integrated educational materials. We outline the use of a Web-based, spaced education curriculum for ongoing professional development in a large emergency medicine division. This initiative effectively engaged faculty members and trainees and was perceived to be of high value. The intervention successfully utilized the principles of spaced learning, test-enhanced learning, and gaming theory within a flexible and innovative professional development curriculum.

АБРЕВІАЦІЯ ЯК НОВІТНЯ ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАМАТИЧНА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ СУЧАСНОЇ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ ТА ТРУДНОЩІ ЇЇ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ МЕДИЧНОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ)

The process of abbreviation in the modern world plays a leading role in the processes of form making and word formation. Replacing the usual lexical units with their simplified and reduced forms contributes not only to the rationalization of speech activity but also to the optimization of word-forming processes. The modern world is characterized by the rapid and powerful development of information technologies and the Internet, which influence the growth of the volume of information, which immediately imprints on lexical components of different languages, which are undergoing significant changes concerning word-forming processes. This happens because of innovative technological advances that modern English has: a relatively new but productive way of word formation – shortening (abbreviation). This method of word formation is still rather poorly studied, however, it is becoming more relevant nowadays, as the tendency for global lexical and grammatical transformations of the language grows with each passing day and it may lead to a total change of English language in the future. The reduction, as a popular way of forming new lexical units in recent years, reflects the process of powerful language transformation. Nowadays, at the epoch of technological development, saving time is extremely important. Communication takes place not only in the context of oral communication but also in increasingly popular texting messages (SMS, various messengers, social networks). Such a rapid development of a new kind of communication could not but affect different language processes. Today, such a tendency of modern language to save language resources is very noticeable and is accompanied by some improvements, because nowadays more information needs to be transmitted with fewer language resources. This can be noticed due to the nascence of a large number of different neologisms, abbreviations, abbreviated phrases, as well as the popularity and frequency of their usage in all spheres of language, starting from everyday communication and according to the media and advertising, and through business correspondence and scientific and technical literature.

El cadete Agustín Melgar y la atención del trauma vascular periférico militar durante la Batalla de Chapultepec

Trauma to peripheral vascular organ is a very frequent condition during military conflicts. Fortunately, comprehensive understanding of local and systemic pathophysiology, in addition to the development of innovative surgical techniques and technological advances, have improved the outcome regarding to survival and anatomic and functional conservation of the limbs. In this manuscript, we perform an historical and state of the art review related to the approach of the peripheral vascular trauma, on the basis of an heroical episode from the Mexico City's Campaign, during North American invasion 1846-1848: the defense of Chapultepec's Castle by cadet Agustin Melgar.

Precision Medicine Informatics: Principles, Prospects, and Challenges

Precision medicine (PM) is an emerging approach that appears with the impression of changing the existing paradigm of medical practice. Recent advances in technological innovations and genetics and the growing availability of health data have set a new pace of the research and impose a set of new requirements on the different stakeholders. Some studies are available that discuss about the different aspects of PM. Nevertheless, a holistic representation of those aspects deemed to confer with the technological perspective, in relation to the applications and challenges, have been mostly ignored. In this context, this paper surveys the advances in PM from the informatics viewpoint and reviews the enabling tools and techniques in a categorized manner. In addition, the study discusses how other technological paradigms, which include big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things, can be exploited to advance the potentials of PM. Furthermore, the paper provides some guidelines for future research for a seamless implementation and a wide-scale deployment of PM based on the identified open issues and the associated challenges. As a result, the paper proposes an integrated holistic framework for PM motivating informatics researchers to design their relevant research work in an appropriate context.

Innovative technological advancements to improve cognitive and social skills of students with neurodevelopmental disorders

BACKGROUND: A major concern that is being increasingly addressed in modern educational environments is the ability to present equal accessibility opportunities to students with neurodevelopmental conditions and disorders as for typically developing children. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the paper is to employ innovative technological advancements merged with evidence-based practices in order to teach, improve and generalise social skills for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically children with High Functioning Autism (HFA) as well as children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). METHODS: The development of a personalized solution adapted to the needs of each student is proposed. The platform will be composed of three main modules (Content Management, Emotional Analysis and Personalization). The target group is students of the Primary Years Program and Middle Years Program. EXPECTED RESULTS: Improved communicational and interactional capability of people with disabilities and facilitate social innovation; more affordable technologies and products that support interactions for people with disabilities, and new generation of services that are highly adaptable and personalisable to individual contexts. CONCLUSIONS: In order to achieve the optimum output/result of the system the procedure need to be implemented and reviewed by all involved parties.

Strategic priorities to ensure technological competitiveness of Ukraine’s economy

The relevance of the technological competitiveness of the national economy at the present stage of Ukraine's socio-economic development is grounded. The purpose of the article is to justify strategic priorities for the technological competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. The study uses a scientific method of analysis and synthesis to justify the strategic tasks and strategic priorities of the state policy of technological competitiveness strengthening. The principles of state policy to ensure the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy are defined. The purpose of the state policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of the national economy is defined as strengthening of external and internal technological competitiveness through the development of internal competition and strengthening of production competitiveness on the basis of advanced technological innovations and information technologies, systemic support of elements of innovation infrastructure, formation, and realization of intellectual and human resources potential of technological economic development. The paper shows that modern policy of ensuring technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy is formed in conditions of the modern challenges of global competition, namely the influence of global crises and financial and economic instability; increase of external expansion through globalization processes, development of information economy; pressure of the country's debt obligations; the growth of import dependence; high external labor migration activity; disruption of economic development through military conflict and hybrid attacks; critical disparities of regional development. The strategic priorities of state policy for the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy are defined: intensification of technological development of economy, growth of the general level of innovation activity, formation of the competitive intellectual property market, development of infrastructure for support of technological innovations, improvement of the resource provision of innovation activity.

STUDY OF INNOVATIONS IN SANITARY APPLIANCES WITH EMPHASIS ON WATER SAVING

Water conservation practices are necessary for buildings because water scarcity increasing. This survey is a study of patents, which analyzed the technological innovations with water saving purpose in the following appliances: toilet, shower and tap. The records were collected in the INPI (Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial) database by searching for the name of the appliance in the title of the patent. Then, the patents deposited in the period from 2010 to 2017 were selected, which had a water saving purpose described in the abstract or patent document, these were classified in rational water use solutions and use of alternative sources. In total, 2,616 patents were registered between 1974 and 2017. However, the results show that in the last seven years there has been a considerable decline in the record of patents for the studied appliances. In the period from 2010 to 2017, 100 patents were found with water saving purpose, of which 79% are rational water use solutions, such as the use of timers, presence sensors, pressure reduction and systems for the use of wasted water before reaching ideal bath temperature. On the other hand, 21% of the solutions were from alternative sources, most of which refer to the reuse of the shower and tap water in the toilet flush. Therefore, this study contributes to the understanding of advances in technological innovation in the field of water conservation.

Exploring networks of proximity for partner selection, firms' collaboration and knowledge exchange. The case of clean‐tech industry

AbstractNowadays scholars widely recognize that know‐how, capabilities and knowledge needed to generate innovations often reside outside the firm, start‐ups are a valuable source, and collaborative networks are a fundamental strategy for innovation. This is true especially for the clean‐tech sector, which is characterized by the continuous search for innovative solutions and technological advancements. The purpose of the paper is to provide a methodological support for the screening of potential partners based on network analysis and, then, help firms to select them for collaboration and knowledge exchange. The methodology can be easily adopted by managers and executives to identify firms to monitor with greater attention for future investments. The analysis is on a dataset of 4,782 clean‐tech companies operating worldwide. Results highlight that energy companies looking for external sources could investigate their network of business proximity if they intend to specialize in a defined field and/or collaborate with similar partners, while they could explore their network of strategic proximity if they intend to diversify their businesses, that is cooperating and exchanging knowledge with firms with distant but complementary capabilities and resources.

Micro/Nano Technology for Next‐Generation Diagnostics

AbstractThere has been a constant and urgent need to upgrade the current diagnostic technologies to the next generation by utilizing innovative advanced technologies in order to meet new challenges. Micro/nano technology, a series of methods for design and manipulation materials at the micrometer and nanometer scales, which perfectly covers the key building blocks of life including cells, organelles, proteins, nucleic acids, and other components, has unique advantages over current diagnostic methods. For the applications of micro–nano technology in next‐generation diagnostics, three categories, including microchip‐based devices, DNA nanomachines, and DNA nanomaterials, are extensively reviewed. Specifically, for the microchip‐based devices, terahertz technology and surface acoustic wave technology show their ultrasensitivity of label‐free, amplification‐free diagnosis. For the DNA nanomachines, DNA tweezers, DNA robots, and DNA walkers exhibit a great potential for diagnosis with the arbitrary structures and controllable motion behaviors. For the DNA nanomaterials, DNA aptamers, DNAzymes, and hybrid DNA nanomaterials provide sensitive biorecognition elements and versatile signal transductions, which are demonstrated as promising material candidates for the next‐generation diagnostics. Through this review, it is envisioned that micro/nano technologies will play an important role in the next‐generation diagnostics.

Методы анализа данных объёмной компьютерной томографии турбинных лопаток

The use of computed tomography slices covering the entire volume of a component has been critical to the advancement of innovative aerospace technologies. Inspection times for these components were often measured in hours, as data were acquired one single computed tomography slice at a time. 
 Recent advancements in computed tomography data acquisition technology have moved from the use of linear X-ray detectors to area X-ray detectors that can collect computed tomography data from a component in a single acquisition. The use of area X-ray detectors to collect computed tomography data is often referred to as volumetric computed tomography (VCT) and has reduced data acquisition times for an entire component from hours to minutes. The reduced inspection time provided by VCT has made it practicable to use this technique for the production inspection of advanced components. In order to realize the use of VCT in a production environment, the data produced by the inspection must be analyzed within a time comparable to the time taken by the data acquisition. This paper describes a technique for rapidly analyzing VCT inspection data and the application of that technique to the inspection of turbine airfoils.

The Role of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (Financial Services Authority) in Supervising Sharia Banking Products in Indonesia

The number of cross-sectoral issues in the financial services sector including Islamic banking, which includes moral hazard measures, lack of optimal protection of financial services, and the disruption of financial system stability increasingly encourage the need for the establishment of a supervisory institution in the integrated financial services sector. The source of moral damage in the management of the economy encourages the establishment of newsupervision institutions, more accountable and has a tighter function in overseeing the financial system so that it can better guarantee the achievement of financial system stability. Based on that, Financial Services Authority was formed. Various regulations that have been and will be made by the Financial Services Authority related to Islamic banking are expected to be able to provide protection for the Islamic banking industry as well as spur the development of Islamic banking in Indonesia. More comprehensive and effective supervision of sharia banking is needed along with the increase in market players, product / service variants, and increasingly innovative and complex technological advancements. During this time the existence of Financial Services Authority for Islamic banking has not felt its existence. Financial Services Authority Law is still silent on sharia-based financial services.

Small satellites in remote sensing of the Earth

Innovative technological advances are considered as was used for brings for gave rise to small satellite, new opportunities for remote sensing based on multitudinous constellations of small satellites whereby it makes possible to meet the need for systematic continuous shooting with a minimum interval between views of any area of the Ears at reasonable cost. The aim of the work is to study possibilities and limitations associated with the use of small satellites in the field of remote sensing. This is an area of the study the consideration of design, deployment and operation problems of small satellites constellations The main problems to use of small satellites in Russian space activities identified and their overcoming in the development of the small satellites Russian standard is proposed.

ASPEK HUKUM MENGENAI BISNIS START-UP GUNA MENDUKUNG DUNIA USAHA

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The development of human civilization, among others supported by the occurrence of the Cognitive and Science revolution. Humans have a new ability to pass on information in greater quantity about the world around them, including social relations. Limited liability company and human rights. As a result, collaboration can be established between people who do not know each other in very large numbers. Rapid social innovation. One of the interesting advances in technological innovation is the advent of internet technology. The internet changes the way people do business, socialize, share information and even change behavior and life between individuals / groups. With internet technology, it is possible to communicate without limitation of distance and time. Business start-ups emerged around 1998-2000, facing the beginning of the global economic crisis. Initially, this business was only a business for services and products that many people needed. However, since the dot-com era skyrocketed, business start-ups have become increasingly popular. No wonder the start-up business tends to be known as a business that smells of technology, sites, and the internet. Some tips for start-up businesses, what aspects need to be considered from the beginning to the start of the business. Among them are forming a CV or PT, protecting the company's brand, raising funds / capital, Special Licenses Related to Electronic Transactions and paying attention and reporting annual taxes. But more specifically, there are also a number of obstacles that must be regulated and watched out for by startups, namely the technology used, the HR that runs always innovative and can read the market well, manage the business / object being run, leadership and business management, and the necessity pay Taxation. In addition, business people or businesses should pay attention to the legal aspects of Law Number 40 of 2007 and the Republic of Indonesia Presidential Regulation of 2014 concerning Limited Liability Companies (PT). Also the Civil Code, especially Law Number 11 Year 2008 and amendment Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Also the Consumer Protection Act. So, it would not hurt to try to start a business by utilizing social media technology that is owned (FB, WA, Line, etc.). However, for start-up businesses, they should pay attention to aspects such as products and brands to be marketed, and good business management and to learn and pay attention to the rules of electronic use and its legal aspects. </span></p></div></div></div>

Waqfintech and Sustainable Socio-Economic Development

This paper aims to discuss the use of financial technology in waqf (Islamic endowment) for funding religious and social causes. It is believed that waqfintech could reach a wider audience and benefit more people in need through the use of innovative financial technology like crowdfunding and blockchain. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the concept of waqfcrowd and waqfcoin as a means of collecting and managing waqf in the digital age. Waqf institutions can thus take advantage of technological innovation to utilise the convenience and efficiency offered by financial technology. This is a conceptual paper which reviews the relevant literature regarding waqf and financial technology. One major limitation of this paper is that it does not discuss the regulatory and operational details of how to institutionalise blockchain technology in different regions. This paper intends to inspire Islamic financial institutions and waqf institutions to harness the potential of waqfintech to raise funds in an effective way.

Trends in Cereal Production and Yield Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa Between 1990-2015

Cereal serves as a very important and vital staple food for many smallholder farming communities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this paper, we examined changes in land under cereal production; changes in cereal yield; and changes in cereal production between 1990 and 2015 in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). The paper looks at the threats and potential of cereal production with respects to how it helps to address issues of food security and improvements needed to enhance and promote production in the region. The study reveals that 33 (75%) of countries in SSA have experienced an expansion in land under cereal production while 11 (25%) of countries have reduced land under cereal production with an average increase of 679,664 hectares. Further, 32 (73%) of countries have experienced an increase in cereal yield, while 12 (27%) of countries have experienced a reduction in cereal yield, averaging to 311 kg per hectare in SSA. The study also shows that 35 (80%) of countries have experienced an increase in cereal production while 9 (20%) of countries have experienced a reduction in cereal production with a total of 1635201 kg per hectare in SSA. Overall, about 71% of the countries in SSA are experiencing a continuous increase in cereal production, yield levels and land area under cereal production, while about 29% are experiencing a reduction in cereal yield, production levels and land area under cereal production. However, SSA still has the lowest yield growth rate with the highest number of food-insecure persons (35.5% of its population), which is forecast to exacerbate further given the continuous population increase. Hence, it is essential to step up cereal production from the current attainable levels to an actual or reasonable and scalable level through innovative research, training, and technological advancement and production capabilities in the region.

The role of aquaculture farm biosecurity in global food security.

The aquaculture industry can play a key role in global food security; however, the lack of comprehensive implementation of effective biosecurity measures is preventing the sector from reaching its potential. Biosecurity begins with an evaluation of the risk of the introduction of pathogens from outside the system, as well as the spread of pathogenic agents within and from the culture system. This involves establishing a clear picture of the physical infrastructure of the system, systematically identifying the relevant pathways of transmission of pathogenic agents, analysing the risks associated with each pathway and implementing mitigation measures to minimise the risks. The farm biosecurity plan provides benefits that improve health and prevent disease-related losses through the use of best management practices, standard operating procedures, staff training, surveillance, emergency response plans, record keeping and audit of farm performance. Biosecurity supports gains in animal productivity, production and growth, thus ensuring the continuity of supply necessary for food security. Disease puts at risk the sector's resilience and reliability and will continue to limit aquaculture's contribution to global food security until comprehensive biosecurity programmes are in place. Responsibility for biosecurity is shared by all stakeholders. Overarching support from the national and international communities, including investment in innovative solutions, technological advancements and training and education, is required to achieve comprehensive global biosecurity. Implementation requires local leadership and meaningful engagement in the involved industries and communities. Each farmer must be enabled to prevent, detect and respond to disease events at the local level. Only by enabling the individual farmer can there be a decrease in the risk of disease issues becoming regional, national or international.

Library Card: Rights and Opportunities of Library Users in the United States

Getting acquainted with the experience of library and information services in foreign libraries is an important component of professional development. Organization of library activities in libraries of the United States, introduction and use of advanced innovative technologies in all areas of their work is of particular interest to specialists. User access to library resources and services is provided through library card in its usual physical form and its electronic and biometric counterparts. If we call library a “door to knowledge,” then library card seems to be a “key” to this door. The article considers the experience of registering new readers, regulation of user access to library resources in US public libraries, the opportunities that open up to holders of library card; the risks that libraries are exposed to in the event of unauthorized use of library card. The author emphasizes that presence of a library card is not mandatory for library visitors, but it provides access to a full range of library and information services. In addition, the holders of library card receive additional privileges. In particular, they have free access to historical and cultural centres, memorials, botanical gardens and museums. The article also discusses the issues of modernization of library cards in modern society and their use in future. The author comes to the conclusion about the continuing evolution of library card, during which not only its appearance changes, but also expands the range of functions performed by it. At the same time, library card continues to preserve its main mission of the “pass to the world of knowledge”.

Post-discharge DBD plasma treatment for degradation of organic dye in water: A comparison with different plasma operation methods

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor is an innovative advanced oxidation technology for degradation of organic dye in water. In this study, the crystal violet (CV) solution was exposed to a post-discharge DBD plasma in which O2 was used as the feed gas. In this mode, the liquid target is isolated from the plasma medium and the plasma effluent gas is bubbled across the liquid target to increase mass transfer between reactive species and the solution. The influence of operating parameters including applied power and gas flow rate was studied. It was shown that increasing reactor temperature resulted in the reduction of CV removal. Dilution of the plasma forming gas (pure O2) with Ar enhanced the CV removal up to 44%. The kinetic model of CV bleaching was shown to follow a first-order reaction. In the most suitable experimental condition after one minute treatment, the CV decolorization of 100% was achieved, and the total organic carbon (TOC) dropped to zero. Preliminary investigation into the byproducts through UV-VIS, TOC and GC-MS were done which showed the disappearance of the aromatic rings. This work also outlines current operation methods for plasma treatment of organic dyes in water and compares their performance in terms of energy efficiency, degradation rate constant and formation of main reactive species. The interesting results of post discharge treatment which can be compared quite favorably with those achieved by other operation methods, are the degradation rate constant of 4.37 (1/min) and energy efficiency of 12.2 (g/kWh).