Innovative Technological Advances Research Articles

Project management in the conditions of digital transformation of Kazakhstan

This article highlights project management issues in the context of Kazakhstan’s digital transformation. The global crisis is forcing the government and industrial companies to be selective in defining priorities and support successful projects that have already shown results in practice. Based on research by experts from the Higher School of Economics, UNESCO and Accenture, following key areas have been identified for digital transformation: building a digital data management system, global relevance of research in digitalization, as well as the separation between industry and science in the transition to advanced innovative technologies. Kazakhstani industrial enterprises are experiencing a turning point in the implementation of advanced innovative technologies and R&D results. For industrial enterprises, the implementation of innovative projects is similar to R&D based on several factors: 1) the solution has to be assessed in terms of applicability; 2) it is usually implemented for the first time; 3) revision is necessary, taking into account the business needs, legislation, labor protection fire safety, ecology, etc. To scale up and leverage lessons learnt from successful projects, the Autonomous Cluster Fund has created a new tool – the Smart Industry Management Platform (SIMP). The SIMP platform is the result of 5 years of fruitful cooperation with industrial enterprises. Currently, one of the main priorities of the Autonomous Cluster Fund is to focus on developing the local Industry 4.0 ecosystem by helping industrial enterprises to accelerate their digital transformation. Using the platform approach in order to implement Industry 4.0 components in Kazakhstan will allow to develop new points of growth of the national economy, and ensure the integration of Kazakhstani companies into global value chains in the medium term.

Evolution of Fusarium Head Blight Management in Wheat: Scientific Perspectives on Biological Control Agents and Crop Genotypes Protocooperation

Over the past century, the economically devastating Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease has persistently ravished small grain cereal crops worldwide. Annually, losses globally are in the billions of United States dollars (USD), with common bread wheat and durum wheat accounting for a major portion of these losses. Since the unforgettable FHB epidemics of the 1990s and early 2000s in North America, different management strategies have been employed to treat this disease. However, even with some of the best practices including chemical fungicides and innovative breeding technological advances that have given rise to a spectrum of moderately resistant cultivars, FHB still remains an obstinate problem in cereal farms globally. This is in part due to several constraints such as the Fusarium complex of species and the struggle to develop and employ methods that can effectively combat more than one pathogenic line or species simultaneously. This review highlights the last 100 years of major FHB epidemics in the US and Canada, as well as the evolution of different management strategies, and recent progress in resistance and cultivar development. It also takes a look at protocooperation between specific biocontrol agents and cereal genotypes as a promising tool for combatting FHB.

Clasterization tendences of Ukraine's tourism sphere and way out of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis

The article considers the clustering trends in ukraine's tourism sector, aimed at a further rise of the tourism industry, overcoming its negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and achieving sustainable development. The need to create tourism clusters and other topics on the organization of tourism with state executive authorities as well as professional tourism associations on attracting investment and providing institutional and consulting assistance to small tourism enterprises is being investigated. The foreign experience was analyzed, as well as the distribution of tourist groups in Ukraine by tourist types in the period 2019-2020. Method: analysis and synthesis, systematization of materials, historical and logical, comparative, systemic and structural, which allowed to study the trends in the tourism industry. Conclusions. The grouping of the sphere of tourism in Ukraine must be developed under the close attention of the government, state and local authorities, public figures, civil society, companies, because it requires not only the containment of the pandemic, but also the development of forms of tourism competitiveness, investment in this industry, the provision of jobs for workers dismissed during the pandemic, the use of the most advanced innovative technologies for the development of creative tourism industries, which will help to get the industry out of the crisis.

Waste Management for Lunar Resources Activities: Toward a Circular Lunar Economy

Space resources activities are currently the objective of a thriving cross-disciplinary global effort aimed at assessing their role and potential in the future of humankind. New innovative mission concepts, legal frameworks, and advanced technologies are being actively developed and proposed with the final goal of enabling profitable and efficient space resource utilization. The immediate location for these impacts is the Moon. In sight of this bright cohort of imminent perspectives, it is imperative for the global community to properly assess the potential effects and consequences of the forthcoming space resources activities, with the goal of including sustainability in the foundations of the ongoing progress and ensuring its enforcement in every future endeavor. Within this context, this article addresses the topics of Moon mining waste management and a lunar circular economy as key issues in the sustainable utilization of space resources. The most promising technologies are considered for lunar resources extraction and processing—with special focus on water—correlating their waste generation potential to the scale of the efforts implemented and to the projected availability of the resources of interest. Importance is also given to the corollary activities of space mining—such as logistics and transport operations—for their implications in waste management. Protocols and technologies with the lower waste generation potential are identified and further scenarios are elaborated for waste handling, reduction, reuse, and recycle, as well as end-of-life strategies for mining plants. This report's recommendations are proposed for the development of incremental regulation for waste management, including but not limited to the definition of common areas of noninterest for waste disposal and regulatory obligations for conducting impact assessments before the establishment of mining activities. Please note that this abstract is submitted under the auspices of the Space Generation Advisory Council, as part of the activities of the Space Exploration Project Group.

The Effect of Perceptions on Service Robot Usage Intention: A Survey Study in the Service Sector

The current age of artificial intelligence, along with the advent of robots, portends increased use of innovative technologies in the tourism industry, with higher levels of service innovation than in many other industries. In addition, factors such as an approaching worldwide pandemic have limited the amount of physical contact that people can have. So as a result, the use of service robots in service areas, such as tourism, has recently become controversial. In this study, accommodation customers’ perceptions of advantages and disadvantages about robots and the effect of the perceived value of their intention to use them were investigated. Within the scope of the research, data were collected from 1408 people living in various cities in Turkey through an online survey. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. As a result of the analyses, it was found that the perception of advantage and the perceived value affect the intention to use service robots positively and significantly. It has been determined that the perception of disadvantage affects the intention to use service robots negatively and significantly. The research results show that the accommodation companies should be innovative and rapidly transition to robotization, as in the manufacturing industry. Advanced technological innovation applications, such as service robots, will play an essential role in the revival of the tourism industry, especially during the global epidemic.

A Patent Analysis to Identify Emergent Topics and Convergence Fields: A Case Study of Chitosan

Identifying emerging technology trends from patents helps to understand the status of the technology commercialization or utilization. It could provide research insights leading to advanced technological innovations that stimulate socially responsible research to address human dietary and medical needs. However, few studies have investigated emerging chitosan applications using patents. In this study, we report the application of a patent bibliometric predictive intelligence (PBPI) model to identify emergent topics and technology convergence related to chitosan applications from patents in the International Patent Classification system. Text mining was used to extract patterns from 5001 patents and each term was assigned an emergent score, following which we traced growth patterns, examined relationships between IPCs, emergent topics, and patents using correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and conducted matrix and cluster mapping analysis to understand industrial applications and explore patterns of technological convergence. Five major terms emerged in association with ascending and newly emergent topics over the last 13 years: “shelf life,” “antibacterial,” “good safety,” “absorbing water,” and “auxiliary materials.” These topics were closely linked with research in the biomedical and food production and preservation industries. A network analysis indicated that “antibacterial” terms exhibited the highest degree of convergence, followed by “shelf life.” These findings can inform strategies to determine new directions for chitosan research.

REDEFINING PROSTHODONTICS WITH 3D PRINTING

Dentistry is amidst a digital revolution and patients are the definitive recipients of these innovative technological advancements. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is no more considered the future, but isthe reality for daily clinical practice. The term 3D printing, additionally referred as rapid prototyping, is commonly used to depict an additive manufacturing method which adds numerous layers under computerized control in order to create a three-dimensional object. Using this procedure, 3-Dimensional printed restorations, crowns, bridges, surgical guides and implants can be manufactured rapidly with extreme accuracy and precision. The benefits of this innovative technique exceed its drawbacks. 3D printing has prompted a change in digital dentistry with its broad learning, penetrating opportunities and a wide scope of applications. This article will facilitate an understanding of the digital workflow, methods and current uses of 3D printing in prosthetic dentistry.

A multi-dimensional non-uniform corrosion model for bioabsorbable metallic vascular stents

Bioabsorbable metallic vascular stents (BMVSs) are an innovative technological advancement in the medical engineering field of vascular implants. BMVSs have great potential to revolutionize vascular intervention, but the lack of understanding of the construction material's natural corrosion within the body inhibits the use in clinical medicine. In this study, a corrosion function concept for in vivo implants was created to develop a multi-dimensional, non-uniform corrosion model with a larger goal of simulating the mechanical integrity of BMVSs. This proposed corrosion model simulates the corrosion rate and its effects on magnesium (Mg) alloy AZ31 based on continuum damage mechanics. The model was calibrated using three degradation experiments on Mg alloy specimens. These experiments focused on multi-dimensional corrosion, mass loss rate, and mechanical integrity during the corrosion process. Lastly, to verify the applicability of the proposed model, the resulting corrosion behaviors and mechanical characteristics of the BMVSs were implemented into a finite element framework to produce an overarching simulation of the BMVS's degradation in vivo. The results of the experiments and simulations revealed a proportional link between the corrosion of BMVSs and the number of exposed surfaces. A non-linear decline in mechanical integrity with increasing mass loss was also discovered through experimentation and modeling. Furthermore, the model and simulation can provide some details about changes in morphology and mechanics during BMVS corrosion. This work gives new insights into accurately modeling for BMVS degradation and can be used to optimize product development of BMVSs. Statement of significanceBioabsorbable metallic vascular stents (BMVSs) are an innovative technological advancement in the medical engineering field of vascular implants. Despite BMVSs have great potential to revolutionize vascular intervention, the lack of understanding of the construction material’s natural corrosion within the body inhibits their use in clinical medicine. In this study, a novel multi-dimensional non-uniform corrosion model was proposed to unveil the mechanisms during the in vivo degradation of bioabsorbable metallic implants, which can accurately capture the overlooked changes in morphology and mechanics during BMVS corrosion. This work provides a technical solution to enhance the modeling accuracy in BMVS degradation and can be further used to optimize the design of BMVSs in the future.

FEATURES OF ENTERPRISES STAFF ADMINISTRATION IN THE INNOVATION CONTEXT

The mechanism of stimulation of employees taking into account the achieved personal results will help to increase the level of interest in reaching the goal of the organization, and to preserve its highly qualified work potential. The main features of innovation by industrial enterprises in the national economy are the long development and testing of innovations, the impossibility in some cases of full appropriation of it’s, the complementary nature of innovation, its close relationship with local conditions and high risk. The task of managing the innovation activity in industrial enterprises of the corporate type of the national economy branches at the present stage can be solved by applying adaptive approaches and adaptive management model. It is based on the formation of the program trajectory of the controlled system for a certain period and the creation of a management system action aimed at eliminating destabilizing disturbances that deviate the controlled system from the program trajectory. The efficiency of the national economy is largely determined by the interaction of science and practice, especially the introduction into production of advanced innovative technologies in industrial enterprises. The analysis of the peculiarities of the innovation process in the national economy shows that the introduction of innovation by enterprises is a process focused on the commercialization of innovations, which reflects the emergence, development and resolution of domestic science and practice, provided by the innovation potential of industrial enterprises.

MicroRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer medicine.

It has been almost two decades since the first link between microRNAs and cancer was established. In the ensuing years, this abundant class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs has been studied in virtually all cancer types. This tremendously large body of research has generated innovative technological advances for detection of microRNAs in tissue and bodily fluids, identified the diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive value of individual microRNAs or microRNA signatures as potential biomarkers for patient management, shed light on regulatory mechanisms of RNA–RNA interactions that modulate gene expression, uncovered cell‐autonomous and cell‐to‐cell communication roles of specific microRNAs, and developed a battery of viral and nonviral delivery approaches for therapeutic intervention. Despite these intense and prolific research efforts in preclinical and clinical settings, there are a limited number of microRNA‐based applications that have been incorporated into clinical practice. We review recent literature and ongoing clinical trials that highlight most promising approaches and standing challenges to translate these findings into viable microRNA‐based clinical tools for cancer medicine.This article is categorized under:RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease

Preface

The International Conference of Biomass and Bioenergy (ICBB) 2020 was successfully conducted as a fully online conference by the Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC)-IPB University, Indonesia in cooperation with the International Society of Biomass and Bioenergy (ISBB); College of Engineering, Villanova University, USA; and Biomass Project Research Center, Hiroshima University, Japan. ICBB 2020 was sponsored by The Indonesian Oil Palm Plantation Fund Management Agency (BPDP Sawit) and IPB University. ICBB 2020 with the theme of Advanced Technology and Digital Innovations in Biomass, Bioenergy and Agriculture was the fifth international scientific conference on biomass and bioenergy hosted in Indonesia. This conference is conducted annually to raise current global issues in biomass and bioenergy fields.Due to COVID-19 related real conference and travel restrictions, ICBB 2020 online conference was held on 10-11 August 2020 by Zoom Webinar and Video Conference technology platform. ICBB 2020 was organized by SBRC-IPB University and hosted from IPB International Convention Center, Bogor, Indonesia. To maintain the continuity of the annual conference and the intention of scientists to disseminate and publish their research, as well as the uncertainty of the end time for COVID-19, the ICBB 2020 stakeholders and associates decided to hold a virtual conference and not postpone the conference.List of Committees of the International Conference of Biomass and Bioenergy 2020 are available in this pdf.

Tunnel Boring in Infrastructure Projects will Thrive from the Use of Construction Robots, Advanced Technological Innovations, and Artificial Intelligence.

India will become the fastest-growing tunnel construction market in the next five years, thanks to rapid growth in metro, rail, road, and hydropower projects. Even though tunnel construction started in India in the nineteenth century, little is known about the factors that affect tunnel performance and their effect on project completion. This is demonstrated by the time and cost overruns of major tunnelling programs. These aspects, as well as the use of construction robots and advanced digital technology to increase TBM performance by developing and performing a more efficient tunnelling process, are examined in the study. In the current phase, the factors have been identified by comprehensive literature exploration, and a questionnaire will be sent to tunnelling experts to study the factors and their rated importance. Case studies of a similar nature will be used to validate the model, and conclusions will be drawn. Contractors should forecast the length of time and cost of tunnelling programs based on their efficiency, considering the arbitrary effect of variables. The factors that drive the use of construction robotics and advanced technologies to improve efficiency are also addressed.

Convolutional Neural Network based Automatic Detection of Visible Faults in a Photovoltaic Module

ABSTRACT Background/Objective: The primary objective of the present study is to distinguish several visual faults which hinder the performance, reliability and lifetime of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Research question: Conventional fault detection techniques require specific operating conditions which also consumed a lot of time, manpower and expenditure. Innovative techniques and technological advancements in the highly paced world expect instant results. Advanced and automatic fault diagnosis is such a process that delivers instant results and guarantees an extended lifetime for numerous critical photovoltaic module (PVM) components. Hypothesis: This study performs an automatic detection of faults in PVM with convolutional neural networks (CNN) that accurately classifies various faults based on the images captured from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Methodology: Dataset creation is one of the primary constraints when it comes to working with CNN. To overcome this drawback, a data augmentation method is adopted to enlarge the dataset from the limited number of available aerial images of PVM. These augmented images are fed into an automatic fault detection CNN model for deep feature extraction and classification. Results and Conclusion: The presented method exhibits an increase in the accuracy and performance of PVM health monitoring when compared with other conventional solutions. The performances of uniform and non-uniform datasets are also presented. Various pre-trained models like VGG16 and ResNet50 are compared with the proposed solution for performance evaluation. The results demonstrate that the overall classification accuracy of the proposed model for uniform and non-uniform datasets was found to be 95.07% and 94.14% respectively with lesser training time and number of epochs.

Project- language behavior of teacher-methodologist of preschool education institution: categorical research apparatus

The preschool education institution is the first educational link in the continuous education system of Ukraine. The future of our state depends on the level of education of the youngest citizens. The current stage of society development requires the traditional forms and methods in the work of teaching staff rethinking. Also it includes the training of creative teachers at preschool education institutions, who are able to combine professional knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in the education process with advanced innovative technologies of education and upbringing of the youngest citizens of Ukraine. And on top of it easily to design a new modern educational models at preschool education institutions. The primary role in the modernization vector of modern preschool education institutions functioning consists in searching of new interactive methods of educational work with children, as well as with the teaching staff and parents belongs primarily to preschool education institutions authorities. The pedagogical staff of preschool education institution is headed by the director and the teacher-methodologist. The last is the responsible for quality of educational work with children. She is a highly educated, professionally competent, pedagogical specialist who supervises the pedagogical work of teachers at preschool education institution: provides methodological assistance to teachers, summarizes and implements the advanced pedagogical experience, promotes the career enhancement of teachers, organizes the cooperation with parents, public organizations, school, plans educational work of at preschool education institution - with children and teaching staff. One of the modern interactive directions of teacher-methodologist’s activity is project- language behavior. The article reveals the categorical apparatus of research and positioned the professionally oriented glossary, such as: "project" and derivatives of this concept: project method, project techniques, project technologies, project activities, project and implementation activities, pedagogical project. There is defined the phenomena of " Project- language behavior of teacher-methodologist of preschool education institution” and different types are characterized: the project subject of project- language behavior. We understand the project in language behavior as purposeful perspective planning of innovative, interactive forms, methods, technologies of native language teaching for children, united by one theme, aimed at achieving a positive result in the cooperation of children and teacher, under her guidance and control in various language behaviors. We consider the of project- language behavior of the project- language behavior of preschool education institution as a multifunctional, multidimensional, constructive-planning language behavior aimed at providing the educational- language behavior process in different age groups of preschool education institution with the latest innovative technologies and interactive methods of language improvement and native language teaching to children in early age, carrying out intermediate control and assistance in their implementation, which will objectively assess the results obtained at the final stage. The principles of language behavior organization of the teacher-methodologist and types language behavior are characterized.

Taking energy democracy to the streets: Socio-technical learning, institutional dynamism, and integration in South African community energy projects

Energy governance is at a critical juncture: facing unavoidable change and also potentially restructuring the energy regime towards greater social justice, equity, and innovation. Energy democracy is a novel form of energy governance and an emergent social movement; as a concept, it may prove to be instrumental for assessing socio-technical energy transition pathways towards the goals of democracy and decentralisation. This paper considers four possible energy transition pathways towards energy democracy by analysing two ‘socio-technical experiments’ in South Africa. These ‘experiments’ are both community-based renewable energy projects: a mini-grid pilot project by the state-owned energy utility (Lynedoch EcoVillage), and an off-grid solar utility using solar home systems by a social enterprise (the iShack project). Certain challenges were unique to each case – Lynedoch’s primarily related to system design, while iShack’s were the result of dynamic real-world conditions – yet both struggled with battery management systems, institutional disconnect, bureaucratic obstacles, and growing pains towards community cohesion. We argue for an expanded understanding of the four pathways to possible energy futures, taking into consideration the lessons and opportunities arising from these experiments, particularly regarding the advancement of technological innovation and the corresponding impacts at the neighbourhood level. Although the two socio-technical experiments discussed in this paper are micro-level interventions in South Africa, they contribute to the broader debate on sub-Saharan African energy democracy.

Innovative creative activities of Russian companies in the global business environment

Research background: Analytical research is needed to manage innovation development, which is the relevant background of this work. Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate the use of innovative creative technologies to create added value in the face of globalization change. The aim of the study is to compare the dynamics of innovative creative development of Russia and the world leaders. Methods: The Global Innovation Index (GII-2020) is used as a scientific and methodological approach to monitoring and analysing the level of innovative creative processes, based on the study of available statistical sources and studies conducted by Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO. Findings & Value added: At present, in the conditions of the global crisis and the strengthening of economic sanctions against Russia by the United States and the European Union, the innovative direction of the economic policy of the state is of paramount importance. This is because advances in innovative technologies, more than ever, determine the dynamics of economic growth, the level of well-being of the population. Global innovation indices create an area of research in which innovative factors, including creative activity, are under constant evaluation. This assessment is a key tool for making a decision to improve the development of modern business processes and to determine strategically the priority of the development vectors in the future in order to strengthen the country’s economic position and competitiveness in the face of globalization.

Optimization-assisted water supplement mechanism with energy efficiency in IoT based greenhouse

Remarkable resource management and energy efficiency improvements can be achieved in greenhouses using innovative technological advancements and modern agricultural methods. Deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) and optimization algorithms in greenhouse farming is highly desirable for real-time monitoring and controlling various parameters with optimal solutions. However, IoT based greenhouses require more energy as compared to traditional farming. This paper proposes an optimal greenhouse water supplement mechanism with efficient energy consumption based on IoT and optimization techniques. The first contribution of this study is to gather the actual water and soil moisture levels from the greenhouse and tank using IoT devices. Secondly, the formulation and deployment of an objective function to compute the optimal water and soil moisture levels for greenhouse and tank based on user-desired settings, the system constraints and actual sensing values. We applied a rule-based expert system to activate water pumps with the required flow rate and operational duration to achieve efficient energy consumption. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed concept, embedded IoT devices and objective function for optimization are deployed as well as, a number of experiments are conducted to provide the optimal water and soil moisture levels in a real greenhouse and water tank environment.

Calorie Restriction Improves Lipid-Related Emerging Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Non-Obese Adults: Distinct Influences of BMI and Sex From CALERIE™ - A Multicentre, Phase 2, Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: For many cardiovascular risk factors there is no lower limit to which further reduction will result in decreased disease risk; this includes values extending ranges of normal healthy adults. This seems to be true for new emerging metabolic risk factors identified by innovative technological advances. Further, there seems to be ever evolving evidence of differential responses to lifestyle interventions by sex and body compositions in the normal range. In this secondary analysis, we had the opportunity to test these principles for newly identified molecular biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in a young, normal weight healthy population undergoing calorie restriction for two years. Methods: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) was a 24-month, randomized controlled trial in healthy, non-obese adults to evaluate the potential for calorie restriction (CR) to promote anti-aging adaptations, including those associated with disease risk. 218 participants (age 37.9±7.19 years and BMI 25.1±1.73 kg/m2, mean±SD) were randomized 2:1 to 24 months of CR (prescribed as 25% reduction from baseline calorie intake) versus ad libitum (AL). Fasting plasma from baseline, 12, and 24 months was used for assessments of lipoproteins, metabolites, and inflammatory markers using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.­­­­­­­­­ Results: Averaging 11.9% CR, the CR group had reductions at 12 and 24 months in the cardiovascular disease risk markers, apolipoprotein B and GlycA, and risks for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes—Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index and Diabetes Risk Index (all PCRvsAL ≤0.0009). Insulin resistance and diabetes risk improvements resulted from CR-induced alterations in lipoproteins, specifically reductions in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles and LDL particles, a shift to larger HDL particles (more effective cholesterol transporters), and reductions in branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) (all PCRvsAL ≤0.004). These CR responses were more pronounced in overweight than normal weight participants and greater in men than women. Conclusions: In normal to slightly overweight adults without overt risk factors or disease, 12 months of ~12% CR improved risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. These CR-mediated benefits accrued via reduced inflammation and branched chain amino acids, and a shift from atherogenic to cholesterol transporting lipoproteins. Additionally, CR benefits were influenced by sex and BMI, factors meriting close attention in future investigations of lifestyle-mediated improvements in disease risk factors. Clinical Trial Registration Details: NCT00427193. Funding Information: CALERIETM was conducted as a National Institutes of Health (NIH) U-grant (U01 AG022132, U01 AG020478, U01 AG020487 U01 AG020480 ). As defined by this mechanism, the study design and conduct was a collaborative effort between internal NIH and external study investigators. Additional project funding was provided by NIH R01 AG054840 (MO, VBK); R33 AG070455 (KMH, DCP, MB, SBR, CKM, LMR, SKD, CFP, CJR, WEK); P30 DK072476 (CKM, LMR); and U54 GM104940 (CKM, LMR) and without any additional scientific contribution or other role in this report. Declaration of Interests: MAC, IS, and JDO are employees of Labcorp. All other authors have no conflicts interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol (NCT00427193) was approved by the institutional review boards at all participating clinical centers (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; Tufts University, Boston, MA), and the coordinating center (Duke University, Durham, NC). All study participants provided written informed consent and study oversight was provided by a Data and Safety Monitoring Board.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НОВІТНІХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ЛОГІСТИЧНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article shows the relevance of the latest technologies and considers innovative logistics as the most relevant component of logistics activities of enterprises, which allows to ensure its sustainable development and consolidate its competitive position in the market. Indicated the focus of innovation logistics on improving the level of management through the use of various innovations aimed at improving the quality of customer service, increasing the efficiency of flow processes in logistics chains and reducing total costs. Was substantiated that the introduction of modern innovative technologies in logistics leads to changes in business models and strategic planning, improves interaction between all participants in the logistics process, increases productivity and increases the competitiveness of logistics companies in the market. The most advanced modern technologies in logistics are determined. Described the essence of technologies is revealed, the advantages and features of their implementation in real time. Was noted that the introduction of new technologies in the field of logistics is associated with the desire of logistics companies to keep pace with the development of the industry, which is largely required by customers, whose main requirements are faster delivery of goods and services at minimal cost. The nature of the impact of these technologies on logistics and supply chains is shown. The most advanced innovative technologies in the field of logistics have been identified, which will allow all participants in the logistics chain to create a transparent and efficient system of transaction recording, asset tracking and management of all related documents. Was noted that the uniting of organizational processes in supply chains requires the use of blockchain technology, the main principle of which is the security and transparency of information. The introduction of blockchain logistics technology, even in the basic version, will allow tracking the product from its place of production to the final consumer, protecting the buyer of products from counterfeits, which will allow the buyer to be confident in deciding to purchase goods. Proved the impact of innovation on the costs in the supply chain, as well as the emergence of unpredictable consequences and various risks. Determined effects obtained by the subjects of the logistics chain from the introduction of new technologies. Was noted that the reserves for improving the efficiency of logistics processes are mainly in the latest technologies and various innovations that use these technologies. Was proved that the application of progressive innovations will be able to increase the efficiency of flow processes, reduce the total cost of their implementation, strengthen the competitive position of the enterprise and improve the quality of customer service.

РОЛЬ ОСВІТИ У ПОДОЛАННІ ЦИФРОВИХ РОЗРИВІВ ТА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЦИФРОВОЇ ІНКЛЮЗІЇ

The relevance of the research topic is because in the context of the transition to the sixth technological order and the related use of both existing and new technologies of Industry 4.0, one of the critical determinants that allow these technologies to realize their full potential is a high level of digital inclusion. The workforce and consumers of digital services, which lack the necessary digital skills and physical and material access to information and communication technologies and the Internet, are incompatible with the needs of the digital economy. These problems are also relevant for Ukraine since 53% of the Ukrainian population have digital skills below the basic level, 15.1% of Ukrainians do not have such skills, and 37.9% of citizens have a low level. The consequence of this is the growth of economic and social inequality, the growth of information and cyber threats, implemented cyber-attacks, the loss of innovative technological advances, and the like. Considering the above and the lack of research in this area, the significant specificity of the endogenous nature of convergent processes in the chain "education – digital breaks – digital inclusion", the solution to this problem is relevant and has a practical focus. In their research on digital inclusion, the authors base themselves on the digital divide, which is seen as inequality in access and use of information and communication technologies and the Internet. The article contains a logical and comparative analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the concepts of digital inequality and systematization of its levels, taking into account the specifics and factors of influence. Explore the levels of the digital divide in descriptors of access (first level of digital divide), digital skills and digital competencies required to use the Internet competently (second level of digital divide), inequalities in the capacities to get the benefits from the access, and use of the Internet (third level of digital divide), and learning divide (fourth level of digital divide). For each level of the digital divide, the role of education as a determinant of overcoming it is examined.