Innovative System Design Research Articles

Communication System for Nanosatellite Earth Observation

This paper proposes a communication system for nanosatellite Earth observa-tion preliminary design technique as useful tools for managing and improving various aspects of regional and national resources. Under analysis was pro-posed a design process for the low Earth orbit nanosatellite communication system. In proposed paper have been formulated and solved next goals: re-viewed Earth observation systems and studied their design parameters, ana-lyzed the on-board antennas design background and provided analytical esti-mations, such as design a passband quadrature phase shift keying transmitter and receiver in Simulink, was obtained a bit error rate curves by using a Sim-ulink/MathWorks, generated an offset quadrature phase shift keying waveform and investigated their characteristics, observed and analyzed the diagrams, constellation, and the signal trajectories of quadrature phase shift keying ac-cording contemporary design concept. As a result, this allows to propose in-novative communication system design techniques applied for the nanosatel-lite category.

WEB-Based Computer Aided Innovation Design

The development of science and technology, the gradual promotion of various new technology tools in various fields, and mechanical design also actively encourage the continuous application of various new technologies. The design provides higher comfort, greatly reduces product design time, and creates higher economic benefits for the enterprise. The application of computer-aided design in mechanical design is briefly discussed. The scheme design of the mechanical system directly determines the function, quality and cost of the product and is the key to product design. At present, the research and application of computer-aided design technology in the design information expression, structural performance analysis and product data management of general mechanical systems are becoming more mature, but the support for scheme design is still relatively weak. Given that computer-aided solution design of mechanical systems often relies on expertise in specific fields, and may require the use of dedicated design models and specific intelligent design methods based on the characteristics of the design problem, most of its research and development work is aimed at specific areas and used for special purpose systems for mechanical systems. Two principles of innovative design ideas are summarized: the shortest path principle and the similarity principle, the current research flaws based on modern proof technology are analyzed, and a combination of genetic algorithms is proposed to solve it. A quantitative method of physical similarity was proposed, and the similarity was used as the basis to combine genetic algorithm with computer-aided and initial population selection to create an improved genetic algorithm. In this paper, a computer-aided innovation design system based on WEB is studied. This article takes automobile cover molds as an object. When the mechanical system workload is 20J, the traditional method consumes 60,000 yuan, and this article consumes 13,000 yuan. When the mechanical system workload is 60J, the traditional time consumed by this method is 50min, and the time consumed by this method is 15min. The working efficiency of the traditional method is 70%, and the working efficiency of this method is 93%.

Preliminary Analysis and Design of the Energy Conversion System for the Molten Salt Fast Reactor

The unique design features of the molten salt fast reactor (MSFR) should enable higher coolant temperatures than in conventional water reactors, with a significant improvement in the achievable thermodynamic performance. The use of a molten salt as both fuel and coolant, however, poses several advanced heat transfer challenges, such as the design of innovative heat exchangers and energy conversion systems. In this work, we address a preliminary but quantitative analysis of the energy conversion system for the MSFR, based on reference design data from the SAMOFAR H2020-EURATOM project. We consider three main technologies, i.e., the supercritical steam cycle, the closed helium cycle and the helium/steam combined cycle. Preliminary design results are presented for each technology, based on a simplified modelling approach. The considered cycles show promising efficiency improvements, with the best performance being proven by the supercritical steam cycle. The analysis also highlights the critical issue related to the risk of freezing of the molten salts within the secondary heat exchangers, due to the low inlet temperatures of the working fluids. Results show potential incompatibility between the freezing point of molten salts and the temperatures typical of steam cycles, while helium cycles offer the best chances of freezing avoidance. The combined cycle promises intermediate performance in terms of thermodynamic efficiency and thermal compatibility with molten salts comparable with closed helium cycles.

Concurrent Potentiometric and Amperometric Sensing With Shared Reference Electrodes

Potentiometry and amperometry are the two most common electrochemical sensing methods. They are conventionally performed at different times, although new applications are emerging that require their simultaneous usage in a single electrochemical cell. This paper investigates the feasibility and potential drawbacks of such a setup. We use a potentiometric and an amperometric sensor to compare their output signals when they are used individually, as well as when they are combined together with a shared reference electrode. Our results in particular show that potentiometric readings with a shared reference electrode show a high correlation of 0.9981 with conventional potentiometry. In the case of amperometric sensing, the cross correlation of the simultaneous versus individual measurement is 0.9959. Furthermore, we also demonstrate concurrent measurement for potentiometry in the presence of cell current through the design of innovative test systems. This is done through measuring both varying pH values and varying concentrations of H2O2 to showcase the operation of the circuit.

New refrigerants and system configurations for vapor-compression refrigeration.

The high global warming potential of current refrigerants in cooling equipment based on the vapor-compression cycle has triggered a major effort to find and implement more environmentally benign alternatives. Here, we review the basics of the vapor-compression cycle together with the safety, environmental, and thermodynamic constraints that have led to the current and next generation of refrigerants. The development of new fluids has focused on fluorinated olefins, known as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), and blends that contain HFOs. Many of these are slightly flammable, presenting trade-offs between safety and environmental considerations. Engineers also have options with a resurgence of the "natural refrigerants" (ammonia, carbon dioxide, propane, and isobutane). Innovative system designs that reduce the required quantity of refrigerant may allow a wider choice of refrigerants.

Virtual Reality System and Scientific Visualisation for Smart Designing and Evaluating of Lighting

The current lighting solutions, both in terms of design process and later implementation, are becoming more and more intelligent. It mainly arises from higher opportunities to use information technology (IT) processes for these purposes. Designs cover many aspects, from physiological to including technical. The paper describes the problems faced by any designers while creating, evaluating them, and presenting the final results of their work in a visualisation form. Development of virtual reality (VR) technology and augmented reality, which is now taking place before our eyes, makes us inclined to think how to use this reality in lighting technology. The article presents some examples of applying VR technology in various types of smart lighting designs, for interiors and outdoor objects. The performed computer simulations are compared to reality. Some surveys, in terms of visualization rendering, were carried out. In the article, the current capabilities and main limitations of virtual reality of lighting are discussed, as well as what can be expected in the future. The luminance analysis of the virtual reality display is carried out, which shows that this equipment can be used in lighting technology after the appropriate calibration. Moreover, an innovative lighting design system based on virtual reality is presented.

Design of Innovative Pedagogical Systems on Interdisciplinary Basis

The urgency of the problem raised in the article is determined by: evolutionary trends in education related to the need to design prospects for its development on an innovative basis; undeveloped conceptual foundations of designing innovative pedagogical systems on an interdisciplinary basis, reflecting the dialectical unity of theoretical and technological aspects of the design process; increasing the requirements for the quality of design activities in the process of preparation for practical implementation and improvement of innovations; insufficient development of the technological and methodological apparatus for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the process of designing innovative pedagogical systems on an interdisciplinary basis; the need to create an infrastructure for pedagogical design and accumulation of a database of pedagogical projects. The research was conducted as a project study (DBR) for three years (2017-2020) using mixed methods: unstructured interviews, the method of expert evaluations (based on the method of pairwise comparison), qualimetric methods of assessing the quality of pedagogical projects, statistical methods of data processing and testing hypotheses. The study showed that the effectiveness of the design of innovative pedagogical systems on an interdisciplinary basis is ensured by the creation of an external information and educational environment for the design of innovative systems and monitoring of design activities. In terms of content, they reflect the main provisions of the study and provide its experimental verification. The study developed an instrument for expert evaluation of projects of innovative pedagogical systems on an interdisciplinary basis, covering the project presentation scheme, summative and prognostic criteria of examination in socio-pedagogical, psychological and pedagogical, scientific and methodical, managerial and technical areas, methods of project quality assessment. The conclusions and recommendations of the study can be the basis for improving the educational process in educational institutions, as well as the development of pedagogical design practices.

The SiPM revolution in time-domain diffuse optics

Time-domain diffuse optics is a powerful non-invasive, non-ionizing and label-free technique based on the use of picosecond pulsed laser light to probe highly scattering media like biological tissues down to a depth of few centimeters to obtain functional and compositional information. This technique is opening new perspectives in various fields spanning from oncology (e.g. characterization of breast or thyroid lesions, etc.) to neurology (e.g. diagnosis and monitoring of traumatic brain injuries, functional brain imaging, etc.), as well as in non-biomedical fields (e.g. characterization of fruits, wood, etc.). Time-domain diffuse optics is nowadays undergoing fascinating technology advancements, permitting for the first time the design of low-cost compact/wearable high performance systems. This revolution has been made possible also taking advantage from Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) progresses, originally driven by other applications, since time-domain diffuse optics is highly demanding in terms of performance, in particular requiring single-photon detectors with large collection area, high fill-factor, high single-photon timing resolution, low power dissipation and compact high-throughput front-end electronics. This work will review the recent advancements introduced by SiPMs in time-domain diffuse optics, mostly thanks to the support of different running EU H2020 projects (e.g. SOLUS -G.A.731877-, LUCA -G.A.688303-, BITMAP -G.A.675332-, ATTRACT -G.A.777222-, Laserlab-Europe -G.A.654148-), showing their present performances in this field, the inherent advantages that allowed the design of innovative diffuse optical imaging systems, as well as highlighting their present limitations in order to push forward the research towards the perfect SiPM for time-domain diffuse optics.

Design of Coal Handling System for Filling Bungker using PID Method in Coal PLTU

The process of filling bunkers at PT PJB UBJ O&M PLTU 1 east java Pacitan is very dependent on coal handling system. In the existing system is still dependent on human resources as an operator, of course, very influential on human performance. The level of the bunker is a major problem for the continuity of the combustion process in the boiler. To support productivity, the authors make an innovative coal handling system design and monitor the level conditions in the bunker by using the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller method to determine the level in the bunker. After that the condition is sent to the micro controller which then commands the conveyor and coal plough. The conveyor itself is driven by a stepper motor and the coal flow is driven using a servo motor. For combustion protection, there is a temperature sensor and a water pump in the bunker to extinguish. The level in the transmitted bunker serves as input to the PID and then the filling process is carried out by the conveyor to meet the demand for the bunker level. The accuracy rate in this system is 97.8% of the input data level of each bunker through an ultrasonic sensor. To make it more optimal all the information in the visual studio display.

Strategy Study and Preliminary Conceptual Design of the Remote Maintenance Systems for in Vessel Components of CFETR

The design work of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) has been started since 2012. In past years, the physical parameters and related engineering design of subsystems were modified, evaluated and redesigned for several rounds in order to fulfill the final scientific goals. Remote maintenance (RM) is identified as one of the key issues of the CFETR because of the neutron activation of the in-vessel components. Different schemes were proposed and comparatively assessed to reach the best possible tradeoff between RM strategies and Tokamak machine designs. This paper will give an overall introduction of the latest version of RM strategy and system conceptual design based on current physical configuration with 16 toroidal field coils and larger sizes. In general, modular blanket components will be removed through only two large vertical maintenance ports while two lower horizontal ports are employed for divertor removing. The work has also provided guidelines for compatibility consideration such as the blanket and divertor modularity, the cryostat pipe arrangement, and the corridor layout to hot cell. In addition, some innovative RM system design for the blanket and divertor maintenance was also provided in the paper, such as the implementation of a toroidal mover transferring blankets to vertical ports, and the novel cask design ensuring storing six divertor at the same time.

Innovative system configuration analysis and design principle study for different capacity supercritical carbon dioxide coal-fired power plant

The paper constructs the innovative supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) cycle and boiler coupling thermodynamic model, based on comprehensive system analysis of the S-CO2 cycle, S-CO2 boiler and medium temperature heat recovery. The results reveal that moderate cycle maximum pressure and single reheat cycle configuration show the higher cycle efficiency for S-CO2 cycle with the high boiler pressure drop. High temperature flue gas recirculation mode with large proportion and double rectangular furnace boiler layout can increase the boiler heating surface area and lower the heat duty distribution within S-CO2 boiler, which can eliminate the impact of excessive mass flow and increased average endothermic temperature in the S-CO2 cycle. Besides, the system design method and economic evaluation of S-CO2 coal-fired power plants have been constructed. Single split flow cycle configuration is recommended for the 300 MW S-CO2 power plants. And double split flow cycle configuration is compulsory for 1000 MW power plants, showing 50.13% overall power plant net efficiency and 0.705 CNY/kW·h levelized cost of energy (LCOE) at 620 °C/32 MPa. As for the 600 MW capacity power plants, the former configuration considers the boiler heating exchanger layout simplicity, and the latter configuration increases 0.36% overall power plant net efficiency.

The role of hairs in the adhesion of octopus suckers: a hierarchical peeling approach

Organisms like the octopus or the clingfish are a precious source of inspiration for the design of innovative adhesive systems based on suction cups, but a complete mechanical description of their attachment process is still lacking. In this paper, we exploit the recent discovery of the presence of hairs in the acetabulum roof of octopus suction cups to revise the current model for its adhesion to the acetabulum wall. We show how this additional feature, which can be considered an example of a hierarchical structure, can lead to an increase of adhesive strength, based on the analysis of the cases of a simple tape and an axisymmetrical membrane adhering to a substrate. Using peeling theory, we discuss in both cases the influence of hierarchical structure and the resulting variation of geometry on the adhesive energy, highlighting how an increase in number of hierarchical levels contributes to its increment, with a corresponding improvement in functionality for the octopus suckers.

Measurement of the 242Pu(n, γ) cross section from thermal to 500 keV at the Budapest research reactor and CERN n_TOF-EAR1 facilities

The design and operation of innovative nuclear systems requires a better knowledge of the capture and fission cross sections of the Pu isotopes. For the case of capture on 242Pu, a reduction of the uncertainty in the fast region down to 8-12% is required. Moreover, aiming at improving the evaluation of the fast energy range in terms of average parameters, the OECD NEA High Priority Request List (HPRL) requests high-resolution capture measurements with improved accuracy below 2 keV. The current uncertainties also affect the thermal point, where previous experiments deviate from each other by 20%. A fruitful collaboration betwen JGU Mainz and HZ Dresden-Rossendorf within the EC CHANDA project resulted in a 242Pu sample consisting of a stack of seven fission-like targets making a total of 95(4) mg of 242Pu electrodeposited on thin (11.5 μm) aluminum backings. This contribution presents the results of a set of measurements of the 242Pu(n, γ) cross section from thermal to 500 keV combining different neutron beams and techniques. The thermal point was determined at the Budapest Research Reactor by means of Neutron Activation Analysis and Prompt Gamma Analysis, and the resolved (1 eV - 4 keV) and unresolved (1 - 500 keV) resonance regions were measured using a set of four Total Energy detectors at the CERN n_TOF-EAR1.

Global Innovation System Design: G20 as a Playground

The existing global challenges, from climate change to global inequality, need global solutions that could only be produced by a systemic approach. An effective global innovation system (GIS) may integrate innovation activities to deal with these challenges. We argue that creating a GIS is possible via the transformation of existing socio-technical system and G20 is the most fitted actor to design and govern a GIS not just because of its economic and social influence but also of its scientific and technological competence.

Scaling practices within agricultural innovation platforms: Between pushing and pulling

Growing empirical evidence suggests that innovation platforms can be effective in enhancing agricultural research impact by creating an enabling environment for scaling of innovations such as novel technologies, practices and busines models . However, efforts to understand how these innovation platforms operate to scale innovations are insufficient. Such knowledge is critical for improving the design of agricultural innovation systems, specifically within the context of a rising interest in the innovation platform approach to support the transformation of agriculture across Africa. This paper investigates the scaling approaches employed by innovation platforms established in Rwanda. The study focused on four innovation platforms created as part of the Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program and analysed their activities and the resulting scaling outcomes. The findings show that two approaches can be effectively combined during the intervention; (1) the innovation process that resembles a traditional, linear approach of finding short-term solutions to specific problems (push approach) and (2) the network building process where platforms employed multi-level, transdisciplinary processes (pull approach). In two areas, the platform activities appeared to have contributed to increased revenues of farmers. The alignment of the innovation platform activities with political agendas or broadly, the extent to which the scaling strategy considers the existing conducive context is shown to play a critical role in the scaling process. The study shows that a balanced combination of both push and pull approaches and a strategic linkage between the platform activities and external development – government policies and interventions – are critical for a productive agricultural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings also indicate that the scaling processes require a “protected space” to materialise, and the scaling approach needs flexibility to accommodate the complexity of each innovation.

Investigation of the Young's Modulus and the Residual Stress of 4H-SiC Circular Membranes on 4H-SiC Substrates.

The stress state is a crucial parameter for the design of innovative microelectromechanical systems based on silicon carbide (SiC) material. Hence, mechanical properties of such structures highly depend on the fabrication process. Despite significant progresses in thin-film growth and fabrication process, monitoring the strain of the suspended SiC thin-films is still challenging. However, 3C-SiC membranes on silicon (Si) substrates have been demonstrated, but due to the low quality of the SiC/Si heteroepitaxy, high levels of residual strains were always observed. In order to achieve promising self-standing films with low residual stress, an alternative micromachining technique based on electrochemical etching of high quality homoepitaxy 4H-SiC layers was evaluated. This work is dedicated to the determination of their mechanical properties and more specifically, to the characterization of a 4H-SiC freestanding film with a circular shape. An inverse problem method was implemented, where experimental results obtained from bulge test are fitted with theoretical static load-deflection curves of the stressed membrane. To assess data validity, the dynamic behavior of the membrane was also investigated: Experimentally, by means of laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and theoretically, by means of finite element computations. The two methods provided very similar results since one obtained a Young’s modulus of 410 GPa and a residual stress value of 41 MPa from bulge test against 400 GPa and 30 MPa for the LDV analysis. The determined Young’s modulus is in good agreement with literature values. Moreover, residual stress values demonstrate that the fabrication of low-stressed SiC films is achievable thanks to the micromachining process developed.

Characterization of Innovation Research Published in Latin American Journals Indexed in WoS

This paper presents a characterization and analysis of the content of academic production on innovation, published between 2008 and 2014 in Latin American journals with impact JCR (Journal Citation Report/WoS). a During this period, Latin America countries began to consolidate their system of scientific research, promoting their participation in global publications. Journals were selected according to their discipline, and articles were characterized in terms of a set of basic attributes, including the type of study, methodology, area of study, and topics explored. The results of this study show that the innovation research until 2014 is quite limited, few studies, low study complexity, unsophisticated analysis techniques and research fragmentation, which makes it difficult to compare regions and countries. It also highlights the need for a research agenda, which includes the systematic study of the determinants and effects of innovation, deepens in aspects related to innovation management such as technological and organizational capabilities, and discusses the design of innovation systems.

Research Infographic: An Innovative Instructional System Design Teaching Steps In Writing a Research Paper

Research is viewed as a complex subject matter for students of all levels and various disciplines, as observed by the Research Center of the Dalubhasaan ng Lunsod ng San Pablo (DLSP). According to the pre-test conducted, 62% of the Grade 11 students in DLSP Integrated School answered that they do not like research as a subject. Moreover, 94% of students answered that they do not wish to learn more about research. Naturalistic observation suggests a better alternative to conventional classroom teaching strategies. An infographic ISD module was conceptualized using the ADDIE Model. After being exposed to the ISD module, more of the target learners were able to identify and analyze the steps in writing a research paper. Using McNemar's test, there was a significant difference in the target learners' idea in steps in making a research paper, with a staggering result of p= .000. A significant difference was detected in the student's desire to learn more about research after viewing the ISD module with the pre-and post-intervention of p= .017. Some of the generalizations are; there is nothing to improve in the ISD module because it is what they need to learn about research, and it is informative and easy to understand. An additional criterion of the ISD module effectivity was contributed by the reported performance evaluation of the target learners. Their final research outputs scored 85% - 93% as an average rating.

Designing and modeling innovation across scales for urban water systems

Effective, sustainable management of urban water systems, including drinking water, stormwater, wastewater, and natural water systems, is critical to the health and well-being of people in urban areas and the ecosystems that encompass them. The demands of human population growth, aging infrastructure, and changing climate will increase pressure on these systems and require future innovations in water management. Planning for urban water systems will increasingly require collaborations between water professionals and researchers to imagine, design and model the response of novel urban water systems to future conditions. We highlight benefits and challenges of transdisciplinary projects for integrated urban water management; organized broadly into: (1) engagement of water managers and planners; (2) transdisciplinary design of innovative systems, and once designed; (3) modeling and evaluation of urban water system response to various innovations. We describe the development of a multi-scale approach to design and evaluation of innovative urban water systems, and illustrate its application using examples from the Willamette River Basin and Portland, Oregon. The scenario-based approach described here offers several key contributions to the design and modeling of innovation. First, this process provides the opportunity to convene professionals and researchers, who do not typically collaborate, as participants in a collaborative process. Second, it engages participants in thinking together across land and water management sectors to develop plausible futures at multiple spatial extents and multidecadal time horizons. Third, it helps to identify critical gaps in extant water modeling capabilities, and thus helps define the near-term research agenda for modelers.

Service quality driven approach for innovative retail service system design and evaluation: A case study

This paper proposes a service-quality-driven service design approach with four phases using the SERVQUAL model and the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ). In the “Retail service quality measurement” phase, the customer requirements are identified from a service quality perspective. Then, in “Identifying problem and contradiction elimination” phase, the above service quality dimensions are figured out by Problem formulator as the parameters to be the input of the service TRIZ contradiction matrix. In “Specific retail solution generation” phase, the service TRIZ contradiction matrix is constructed, which leads to the resolution of innovative principles and then new service system can be carried out. Then, we evaluate the new service system in the “Evaluating customer experience” phase by using the experiential model. This paper uses a shopping mall case study to verify the proposed novel approach. By using the proposed design approach, a new smart shopping guidance services system: “Whereabout identified personalized service” (WIPS) with both interactive signage and Apps was proposed and developed. Finally, a consumer survey was conducted to identify the factors that influenced service quality in the retail business, and to evaluate the consumer perceptions of a shopping image in a tangible shopping district.