Innovative Irrigation Research Articles

Contemporary analysis of the use of transboundary waters in Central Asia

Abstract This article comprehensively examines the complex and critical issue of transboundary water resource management in the Central Asian region. The analysis highlights that the region’s water resources, primarily sourced from the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, are vital for the socio-economic development of Central Asia, fulfilling the needs of agriculture, industry, and the population. It addresses specific challenges faced by Uzbekistan, including environmental crises such as water shortages, inefficient irrigation practices, and the degradation of the Aral Sea. To tackle these pressing issues, the article explores modern approaches and solutions, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation, innovative irrigation technologies, and effective water management strategies. The need for Uzbekistan and its neighboring countries to strengthen collaboration and implement joint measures is underscored to ensure fair and sustainable use of transboundary water resources. Moreover, the article provides valuable insights into achieving sustainability through improved water management practices. By analyzing the current state and future prospects of water resource management in Uzbekistan and the broader Central Asian region, it emphasizes that cooperative efforts are essential for addressing shared challenges and fostering sustainable development. Ultimately, this comprehensive examination serves as a call to action for regional stakeholders to prioritize collaborative solutions in managing their vital water resources effectively.

Fodder Grasses and Irrigation Strategies: A Pathway to Fodder Sustainability in India

Indian agriculture heavily depends on the livestock sector, which significantly influences the financial system. Fodder, derived from crop residues, cultivated feed, and grazing lands, is a cost-effective nutrient source essential for sustaining the dairy industry. However, India faces severe fodder shortages—63.5% for green fodder and 23.5% for dry residues—exacerbated by rising livestock populations and declining fodder cultivation areas. Low livestock productivity, driven by inadequate feeding and healthcare, compounds the challenge. To meet growing fodder demands, many Indian dairy farmers have turned to cultivating perennial grasses, such as hybrid Napier grass, which provides year-round fodder. Strategic irrigation practices can play a vital role in mitigating water use, improving water-use efficiency, and reducing costs. This article examines the current challenges in fodder production, emphasizing the importance of optimizing irrigation practices to enhance water use efficiency. It explores various irrigation methods, including drip and sprinkler systems, and discusses their impact on fodder crop productivity. The need for high-quality fodder seeds, improved management practices, and innovative irrigation scheduling techniques is highlighted as essential for bridging the gap between fodder demand and supply. Addressing these challenges is vital for improving livestock productivity, supporting small and marginal farmers, and ensuring food security in India.

An innovative irrigation system for farming towards environmental sustainability in India

AbstractPurposeThis work presents an innovative irrigation method designed to assist small‐scale farmers. Irrigation is crucial for agriculture, serving as the most essential input for all types of crops. Implementing a cost‐effective irrigation method can maximize farmers' output. In small‐scale farming, manual irrigation methods are commonly used to reduce costs. Therefore, a technology‐enhanced manual irrigation system will benefit marginal and small farmers.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis work introduces a new irrigation system that incorporates an epicyclic gear train along with a simple gear train arrangement. This system is designed to be attached to a farm's hand pump. The plunger rod with the piston is a crucial component of the hand pump, as its reciprocating motion lifts water from underground. An increased number of reciprocating motions of the plunger rod results in a greater amount of water being lifted from the well.FindingsThe designed model, when used with the hand pump, maximizes output with minimal manual effort. This system is environmentally friendly and operates without any external power sources.Statement of NoveltyLifting water from underground using a hand pump typically requires devices powered by external sources such as petrol, diesel, or electricity, which incur costs. Consequently, farmers using these methods for irrigation face financial burdens. It has been observed that more than 50% of the total income of small and medium‐scale farmers is spent on irrigation. To address these issues, the designed model has been introduced. Its novelty lies in the use of an optimal transmission system featuring simple and epicyclic gear trains, as well as an energy‐efficient design facilitated by the inclusion of a flywheel. These features ensure smooth operation and improved efficiency.Statement of Industrial RelevanceThis system is suitable for both agricultural purposes and curing work in construction. There is a significant market for this innovative design, as it serves as an optimal solution for agriculture and water supply systems without relying on external power sources. Our product is expected to sell quickly in the market. Many industries in India are developing agricultural products, but this system stands out due to its uniqueness, ensuring no difficulties in marketing. The implementation is straightforward, as the necessary input materials are readily available. Once commercialized, the system is projected to reach its breakeven point within 2 months, after which it will generate profit.Originality/ValueThere can be a diverse group of individuals participating in organizing this event. This group includes not only physically strong men and women but also children, individuals with disabilities, and those who may be weak or average in physical strength. In essence, physical strength is not a limitation for participating in this endeavor.

Advancing irrigation management: integrating technology and sustainability to address global food security.

Irrigation management is essential for addressing global food security challenges under changing climate. This review discusses the integration of advanced irrigation technologies and their roles in enhancing water use efficiency and managing energy demands within agricultural systems. High-efficiency irrigation systems, such as drip and sprinkler systems, have significant potential to reduce water use and increase crop yields. However, their adoption varies worldwide, and the efficiency of existing irrigation practices often remains inadequate, resulting in substantial water losses due to outdated management practices. Emerging technologies and innovative irrigation strategies, including precision agriculture and advanced crop models, provide promising pathways for improving irrigation efficiency. Nonetheless, the widespread integration of these technologies is hindered by high costs, the need for technical expertise, and challenges in adapting existing agricultural systems to new methodologies. Irrigation systems can have substantial energy requirements, particularly those dependent on groundwater. The exploration of the water-environment-energy-food (WEEF) nexus illustrates the importance of a balanced approach to resource management, which is crucial for achieving sustainable agricultural outcomes. Future research should include lowering barriers to technology adoption, enhancing data utilization for precision irrigation, promoting integrated management strategies within the WEEF framework, and strengthening policy support for sustainable practices. This review proposes a multidisciplinary approach to irrigation management that includes technological innovation, strategic policy development, and global cooperation to secure sustainable agricultural practices and ensure global food supply resilience in the face of climate change.

Assessing plasma activated water irrigation effects on tomato seedlings

Introduction: The study investigates the potential of Plasma Activated Water (PAW) as an innovative irrigation medium to enhance growth and defense responses in tomato seedlings. It explores PAW’s utility in both healthy seedlings and those inoculated with Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV).Methods: PAW, produced through a dielectric barrier volume discharge, serves as a chemical-free alternative to traditional fertilizers. Tomato seedlings were irrigated with PAW or control solutions. The study employs biometric measurements to assess growth and biochemical analysis to evaluate antioxidant levels and pigments. Gene expression analysis was conducted to evaluate the plant response, while the distribution of macro and micronutrients was assessed through micro X-ray fluorescence.Results and discussion: Results indicate that PAW-irrigated seedlings exhibit significant growth enhancement compared to those receiving conventional fertilization. Increased levels of antioxidant molecules and pigments suggest improved photosynthetic activity and stress tolerance. Gene expression analysis shows up-regulation of defense genes in PAW-treated plants post-viral infection. The up-regulation of defense genes and the restoration of mineral nutrient distribution in PAW-treated, virus-infected plants highlight PAW’s role in enhancing plant resilience against pathogens and mitigating nutrient deficiencies. These findings emphasize PAW’s potential as a sustainable agricultural solution, promoting plant growth, enhancing defense mechanisms, and reducing biotic stress due to virus infections.

Low-cost Mobile Solar Operated Lift Irrigation System : A Case Study

Effective and judicious use of irrigation water contributes a lot for the management of crop growth and increase in productivity. In the light of increasing demand for irrigation in the state of Assam(India) and to cover the non irrigated area as well as to continue the supplies for the irrigated command area, it becomes imperative to look for a holistic and people centric Low Cost Innovative Irrigation technique. Irrigation water can be assured at every crop field provided we set our mind and put concerted efforts to address it. This paper highlights the Irrigation scenario in Assam with a case study on Low Cost Solar Operated Mobile Lift Irrigation in Assam, for its continuance and contribution towards growth in Agricultural Productivity. This innovation in Irrigation Sector can cause Social transformation by bringing in the development of Agriculture and other allied Sectors. An attempt was also made to establish the economic and operational benefits of the system by making a comparison amongst the different lift Irrigation Schemes in the State. The study advocates for utilization of the non conventional solar energy for irrigating the multiple crops by lifting the surface water sources in the State of Assam by using the Low Cost Solar Operated Mobile Surface Lift Irrigation System. The paper also presents the financial analysis and Key Performance Indicators of the System with a highlight on its diversified application for disaster preparedness and mitigation on the part of Stakeholder Departments with a primary aim to increase Irrigated agriculture productivity

THE IMPACT OF THE KOSHTEPA CANAL IN AFGHANISTAN ON THE HYDROPOLITICS OF CENTRAL ASIA

ABSTRACT
 This article discusses the formation and construction of the Qosh Tepa Canal in Afghanistan, its hydro-political influence on Central Asian countries, its problems, risks, consequences, and solutions. The majority of available freshwater is used for agricultural purposes. This continues to be the main source of income for almost all Central Asian countries. However, there are cases of wasteful water usage, with old methods still being employed instead of modern technologies. To prevent this situation, the direct application of the experience of developed countries and the implementation of new innovative irrigation methods are among the relevant tasks for each country in the region. In general, everyone should preserve nature, treat it carefully, and use water resources efficiently. States should also pursue policies of mutual agreement, taking into account the interests of other countries.

SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN MAIZE PRODUCTION IN CHAD: IMPLICATIONS FOR FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Maize production in Chad faces multidimensional challenges that significantly impact national food security and rural development. This study aims to systematically analyze the major constraints and perspectives of maize production in Chad, focusing on technical, socio-economic, and environmental aspects. A systematic literature review was conducted based on 85 scientific and technical documents published between 2015 and 2023, complemented by the analysis of institutional reports and secondary data. The analysis reveals the main constraints as follows: (1) limited access to irrigation (affecting 95% of farmers), (2) increasing climatic vulnerability, (3) land and water usage conflicts, and (4) restricted access to agricultural credit. Identified opportunities include the potential adoption of innovative irrigation technologies, the development of tailored credit systems, and the reinforcement of collective resource management mechanisms. This study suggests the necessity of an integrated approach combining technical innovations, institutional reforms, and adapted agricultural policies to sustainably improve maize production in Chad.

Prognostic Factors in Determining Success and Failure Rates in Endodontics

Endodontic treatment success depends on a complex interplay of anatomical, microbial, patient-related, and procedural factors. Variations in root canal anatomy, such as apical deltas, accessory canals, and isthmuses, can harbor bacteria despite advanced cleaning techniques, contributing to reinfection and treatment failure. The use of modern imaging technologies and precision tools like rotary instrumentation improves canal visualization and accessibility, while innovative irrigation techniques and adjuncts enhance microbial control, addressing limitations of conventional methods. Microbial factors, particularly the persistence of biofilm-forming bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, challenge complete disinfection. These resilient species can survive intracanal treatments, necessitating a multi-modal approach combining antimicrobial agents and advanced activation techniques to disrupt biofilms. Patient-specific variables, including systemic health conditions, immune status, and age, further impact endodontic outcomes by influencing healing capacities and susceptibility to reinfection. Diabetic patients, for example, face delayed healing, increasing the likelihood of complications. The long-term success of endodontically treated teeth also relies heavily on post-treatment restoration. A well-sealed, full-coverage restoration prevents microbial infiltration and protects the tooth from fractures under occlusal load. Adhesive materials and fiber posts provide added reinforcement, especially for teeth with substantial coronal damage, and help distribute functional forces evenly. Timely and durable restorations contribute significantly to the survival of treated teeth, with immediate or early definitive restorations showing improved outcomes. Effective endodontic care requires a comprehensive understanding of these prognostic factors, emphasizing personalized treatment strategies to improve success rates. Advances in procedural techniques, restorative materials, and an in-depth appreciation of patient-related variables collectively contribute to enhanced endodontic outcomes, reducing failure rates and increasing long-term tooth preservation.

Assessing the influence of the Al Wahda dam commissioning on flood flows and low water levels in the Gharb Plain, Morocco

The Sebou Basin is one of the most important hydrographic basins in Morocco. When the Wadi Sebou enters the Gharb Plain, it encounters difficulties in evacuating its waters during wet years due to its flattening, resulting in risks of floods. Its flow decreases during drought years and in August and September. For the purpose of this research, we were granted authorization to utilize the hydrometric station located in Bel-Ksiri. This station is most suitable for the study as it was designated as a reference point for the Wadi Sebou's flooding in the lower basin. This study is based on detecting floods in the Wadi Sebou from 1976 to 2020, dividing this period on pre and post 1997, corresponding to periods before and after the construction of the Al Wahda dam, examining the mean daily flow rates. Identifying discontinuities within the maximum daily flow series from 1967 to 2020 was achieved in Microsoft Excel. Additionally, determining flood return periods and examining low water flows are integral aspects of the study. The findings indicate a relative decrease in the frequency and intensity of floods within the Wadi Sebou's basin, coupled with effective control of low water levels. These changes are attributed to the construction of the Al Wahda dam, which guarantees a stable water supply for irrigation purposes in the plain. To ensure the long-term sustainability of water management practices, the adoption of innovative irrigation technologies is deemed necessary.

Adaptation strategies to cope with the effects of Climate variability in the Central Plateau region of Burkina Faso

Climate variability presents major challenges across Africa, particularly in Burkina Faso. This article analyses the adaptation strategies implemented by local populations and development actors to cope with this phenomenon in the Central Plateau region. Conducted in October 2023 in three villages in the region, the research combines field observations, semi-structured interviews and documentary research. The results reveal a range of coping strategies adopted by local people. In agriculture, these include the use of short-cycle varieties, the planting of trees to counter the high heat, and soil conservation techniques to combat drought. Livestock farmers have also developed strategies such as transhumance and the construction of shelters adapted to the climate. In market gardening, the use of compost and innovative irrigation techniques is widespread. Development players, particularly technical services and NGOs, are supporting these initiatives by promoting sustainable agricultural practices and encouraging the construction of resilient infrastructure. This article thus highlights the importance of local adaptation to climate change and the crucial role of development players in strengthening community resilience to climate variability.

Enhancing Coastal Saline Soil Productivity: Innovative Irrigation and Mulch Strategies for Improved Chili Cultivation

Coastal saline soils in the West Bengal region present intricate challenges to agricultural productivity, primarily stemming from the limited availability of high-quality irrigation water. To address this issue, potential solutions encompass the utilization of saline water through appropriate irrigation techniques and schedules. This study investigates the synergistic effects of combining saline and fresh water via tillage practices and the selection of salt-resistant crop varieties. The experiment comprises eight treatment combinations, each replicated four times, involving the application of both saline and fresh water using 10-liter capacity pitchers placed strategically between four plants. Additionally, two distinct tillage methods, conventional and mulch, are employed. The chosen crop variety for experimentation is Bullet lanka-3 variety. The results underscore substantial enhancements in both soil physicochemical properties when implementing diverse pitcher irrigation methods alongside varying tillage strategies. These improvements contribute to ameliorated soil conditions and heightened nutrient accessibility, consequently fostering crop growth and yield. Noteworthy gains are observed in chili production, with yields ranging from 4.04 t ha-1 to 8.81t ha-1 across the initial seven harvesting intervals, in comparison to the control plot. This research sheds light on innovative techniques to mitigate the challenges posed by coastal saline soils, paving the way for improved agricultural sustainability and productivity.

Evaluation of Furrow Irrigation System on Head Cabbage Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Arbegona Woreda, Ethiopia

Available fresh water resources are subjected to an ever-increasing pressure due to extensive agricultural water demand for irrigated lands. A long-term perspective in shortage of fresh water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid area, highlights an urgent solution for innovative irrigation strategies and agricultural water management. The experiment was conducted in Arbegona district, Sidama region of Ethiopia. This experiment was conducted to evaluate and demonstrate of Alternative, Fixed and Conventional furrow irrigations on Head Cabbage yield and water use efficiency. To achieve this objective the treatment were three furrow irrigation method (Conventional, Alternate and Fixed furrow) laid out in a random complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result shows that there is no significant difference between alternative and conventional furrow irrigation on Head cabbage yield. But, fixed furrow irrigation system reduces the yield significantly. The maximum yield (48407kg/ha and 43840kg/ha) was obtained from conventional and alternate furrow irrigation method, respectively. The minimum yield (35242kg/ha) was obtained under fixed furrow irrigation. Furrow irrigation method has no significant effect on plant height, head weight and head diameter of head cabbage. The highest water use efficiency was obtained from alternate furrow irrigation and shows significant difference between the other treatments. Therefore, to save water, labour and time without significant yield reduction alternate furrow irrigation is recommended in water scarce area of Ethiopia.

A Low Cost Smart Irrigation Planning Based on Machine Learning and Internet of Things

In an agriculture system major issues of irrigation systems for plants water supply is a critical factor. A significant amount of freshwater is required for this task but after the utilization of water in the irrigation process it is being polluted. In addition, the excessive use of water during the irrigation process can negatively affect crop production. Therefore, we need to provide a balanced amount of water for effective crop production and conservation of water. In this paper, we proposed low-cost irrigation planning with two key aims: first is to reduce the installation and maintenance costs of data collection in innovative irrigation systems and second is to control the valve for water supply automatically. In this context, we first provide a review of recent irrigation systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML). Next, we introduce a working plan to collect crop water requirements using a soil moisture sensor. Then, an algorithm is proposed to decide the water supply for water treatment. Finally, the experiments are conducted on the samples collected from the farmland of wheat crops. Additionally, two different scenarios are considered to collect the water requirement samples. Based on the experimental and theoretical analysis of water requirements the proposed irrigation system can reduce the water demand by up to 25% as compared to traditional ways of irrigation. Moreover, in comparison of popular valve automation system the proposed multiple valve based system reduces the amount of water wastage up-to 22%. Therefore by utilizing the advance computational techniques (IoT and ML), we can reduce the cost of irrigation system and planning.

Sustainable Smart Agriculture Farming for Cotton Crop: A Fuzzy Logic Rule Based Methodology

Sustainable agriculture is a pivotal driver of a nation’s economic growth, especially considering the challenge of providing food for the world’s expanding population. Agriculture remains a cornerstone of many nations’ economies, so the need for intelligent, sustainable farming practices has never been greater. Agricultural industries worldwide require sophisticated systems that empower farmers to manage their crops efficiently, reduce water wastage, and optimize yield quality. Yearly, substantial crop losses occur due to unpredictable environmental changes, with improper irrigation practices being a leading cause. In this paper, we introduce an innovative irrigation time control system for smart farming. This system leverages fuzzy logic to regulate the timing of irrigation in cotton crop fields, effectively curbing water wastage while ensuring that crops receive neither too little nor too much water. Additionally, our system addresses a common agricultural challenge: whitefly infestations. Users can adjust climatic parameters, such as temperature and humidity, through our system, which minimizes both whitefly populations and water consumption. We have developed a portable measurement technology that includes air humidity sensors, temperature sensors, and rain sensors. These sensors interface with an Arduino platform, allowing real-time climate data collection. This collected climate data is then sent to the fuzzy logic control system, which dynamically adjusts irrigation timing in response to changing environmental conditions. Our system incorporates an algorithm that generates highly effective (IF-THEN) fuzzy logic rules, significantly improving irrigation efficiency by reducing overall irrigation duration. By automating the irrigation process and precisely delivering the right amount of water, our system eliminates the need for human intervention, rendering the agricultural system more dependable in achieving successful crop yields. Water supply commences when the environmental conditions reach specific thresholds and halts when the requisite climate conditions are met, maintaining an optimal environment for crop growth.

Adopting Smart Integrated AgriAquaculture IAA Techniques: A Sustainable Approach by Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University

In light of recent developments in urban agriculture and the ongoing effects of climate change, there is a growing need for innovative irrigation practices that do not require potable water. On the other hand, significant environmental hazards are associated with the effective usage, treatment, and disposal of ever-increasing quantities of wastewater and sewage sludge in our modern times. Therefore, wastewater usage in irrigation might provide a potential alternative approach. In this regard, the water drained from fish farms is one type of wastewater capable of being employed in irrigation operations in a way that is both effective and helpful.This article highlights the efforts made by Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University to establish intelligent integrated AgriAquaculture (IAA) systems on its campuses as part of its strategies to achieve sustainable goals. These efforts are part of Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University’s more enormous efforts to achieve its goals.

Maximizing Water Use Efficiency in Rice Farming: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Irrigation Management Technologies

Rice is a water-guzzling crop cultivated mostly through inefficient irrigation methods which leads to low water use efficiency and many environmental problems. Additionally, the export of virtual water through rice trading and the looming water crisis poses significant threats to the sustainability of rice production and food security. There are several alternative rice production methods to improve water use efficiency. These include aerobic rice, direct-seeded rice (DSR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD), saturated soil culture (SSC), drip-irrigated rice, a system of rice intensification (SRI), and smart irrigation with sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT). However, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, drip-irrigated rice and IoT-based automated irrigation are not feasible for poor farmers due to the high production costs associated with specialized machinery and tools. Similarly, aerobic rice, drip-irrigated rice, and the SRI are labor-intensive, making them unsuitable for areas with a shortage of labor. On the other hand, DSR is suitable for labor-scarce areas, provided herbicides are used to control weeds. In this article, the suitability of different water-saving rice production methods is reviewed based on factors such as climate, soil type, labor, energy, and greenhouse gas emissions, and their prospects and challenges are evaluated. Additionally, the article examines how cultural practices, such as seed treatment, weed control, and nutrition management, contribute to enhancing water use efficiency in rice production.

AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION – INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS

Bulgaria's good soil and weather conditions increase the potential of agriculture and provide good opportunities for quality and sustainable food production. These can be expanded and further improved through the use of innovation in all agricultural activities. Farm irrigation is essential for the food supply and economic development of many countries. Innovative solutions are needed to improve the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural practices. Innovations in agricultural irrigation are essential for sustainable farm development and reducing water stress in the world. They help farmers to improve their harvests and preserve water resources for future generations. Integrating different water sources such as groundwater, surface water, rainwater and wastewater can provide a more sustainable and reliable source of water for farms. Innovations in agricultural irrigation require training and education for farmers to understand how to use new technologies and methods. Governments and financial institutions can provide support and incentives to invest in innovative irrigation solutions. In recent years, aquaponics has become an innovative study of the aquaculture industry. Aquaponics is an innovation in modern farming, a sustainable micro ecosystem with a controlled environment, combining aquaculture with hydroponics. It is developing at a rapid pace as the need for sustainable food production grows and freshwater and phosphorus supplies decline. Another innovative method to tackle the problem of farm irrigation is aeroponics. It is defined as an aerial water culture system or the science of growing plants without soil or substrate culture. The plant grows in the air with the help of artificial support and no soil or substrate is required to sustain the plant. The roots of the plant are suspended in a closed container in the dark and exposed to the open air to receive nutrient-rich water dispersed through atomizers. The modernisation, rehabilitation and renewal of irrigation systems provides an opportunity to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilisers in line with the Green Deal. It also provides an opportunity for Bulgarian farmers to be competitive with their counterparts in other countries. The effect could be strongest for permanent crops, fruit and vegetable production and livestock farming. The goal of the report is to focus on solutions to the problem of farm irrigation in the country by implementing innovative solutions. Key words: technology, agriculture, environment, innovation, irrigating JEL: O3, Q1, Q5, Q16.

A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF EVOLUTION OF THE IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN MOROCCO

Purpose and aim of the study: The paper aim is to analyse scientific and other relevant literature on the sustainable development of the irrigated agricultural sector in Morocco.Design / Methodology / Approach: The method of data collection is literature review. Literature review was chosen as it is the basis for further research. The obtained data is presented in accordance with the identified historical periods. A summary of results is delivered.Main Findings: In light of scarce water resources, the technical, legal and institutional levels in the agricultural sector are permanently updated by the public authorities in order to mitigate the impact of climate change and adapt the management of water resources.Originality: Sustainability is regarded as gradual and sequential growth and development. Sustainability means the consideration of all the stakeholders’ interests in the decision-making process.Implications: Concerted efforts of the public authorities, companies and other stakeholders in the improvement of the efficiency of water use in agriculture through the development of localized irrigation technology and modernization of collective or private water supply networks in large irrigated areas would be beneficial for all. Innovative irrigation systems that allow the exploitation of unconventional, largely unused water resources must be developed. Low cost solutions with natural and locally available materials (Low Technology, Low Energy, Low cost, Easy to Use) should be used.

Innovative Irrigation System for Agriculture Development in Droughtprone Area - A Case Study in Sangola Tahsil of Solapur District

Innovative Irrigation System for Agriculture Development in Droughtprone Area - A Case Study in Sangola Tahsil of Solapur District