Innovative Cost Research Articles

A victim-centred cost\u2013benefit analysis of a stalking prevention programme

Research suggests that stalking inflicts great psychological and financial costs on victims. Yet costs of victimisation are notoriously difficult to estimate and include as intangible costs in cost–benefit analysis. This study reports an innovative cost–benefit analysis that used focus groups with multi-agency teams to collect detailed data on operational resources used to manage stalking cases. This method is illustrated through the presentation of one case study. Best- and worst-case counterfactual scenarios were generated using the risk assessment scores and practitioner expertise. The findings suggest that intervening in high-risk stalking cases was cost-beneficial to the state in all the case studies we analysed (even if it incurs some institutional costs borne by the criminal justice system or health) and was often cost-beneficial to the victims too. We believe that this method might be useful in other fields where a victim- or client-centred approach is fundamental.

Gouvernance et les obstacles d'innovation dans les PME-PMI marocaines

At a time when innovation is increasingly recognized as a key driver of growth. In each country, SMEs have an important role to play. As a result, several studies focused their research on the favorable factors for innovation. However few of them focused on its obstacles. The aim of this study is to analyze innovation through to opposite approach, by putting under a scope the analysis of the different obstacles faced by Moroccan SME’s during the innovative process. They recommend a systemic approach of the innovative policies that must take into account the established complementarities. To overcome barriers of innovation related to excessive economic risks, high costs of innovation or lack of appropriate sources of funding, we conducted a survey on a sample of 328 companies that have exercised an innovative activity during the last three years, with the goal of identifying the barriers to innovation within these companies. Our results suggest the important role of the state and foreign entities in the social capital, as well as that of partnerships and technical cooperation. At the end of this paper, the results show that the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to innovate result from a complex internal and external process which, given the limited resources available to SMEs, must rely on efficient innovation systems at different levels. Our research aims to provide decision-makers (at the level of company and various stakeholders) with useful results for their innovation strategies and policies, and approaches to mitigate in the short term, and to overcome in the medium and long term the obstacles of innovation. JEL Classification : O3, O11, O16 Paper type: Empirical research

Technology Sharing and Competitiveness in a Stackelberg Model

The existing literature has made great achievements in technology sharing (licensing patents) contracts, which has defects in the selection of oligopoly models, the setting of innovation subjects, the consideration of product heterogeneity, and production costs. This paper aims to reveal the competitiveness strategies of leaders and followers for innovation, technology sharing, and sharing fees in a Stackelberg market. The three-stage sequential game method is used to achieve the objective. The results are as follows. First, whether an enterprise uses innovation or shares technology is related to the fixed cost of innovation, the return on innovation, and product differentiation. It will hinder innovation activities if the fixed cost of innovation is too high, the return on innovation is too low, or the products are too homogeneous. A relatively low return on innovation makes it possible for the two enterprises to engage in sharing. However, with a relatively high return on innovation, only a high level of product differentiation can ensure technology sharing. Second, the optimal sharing fee is dynamic, showing an upward and then downward trend as the return on innovation grows. Product differentiation has an uncertain impact on the cost. Third, either the leader or the follower is likely to be the optimal bearer of social responsibility depending on the returns on innovation and product differentiation. This study has theoretical significance for optimizing technology-sharing decisions, improving competitiveness for enterprises, and formulating effective industrial policy for the government. And it provides some practical guidance for competition and cooperation between enterprises with technological innovation behavior.

INNOVATION IN RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS

The article explores the issues of innovation in the area of agriculture of the Russian Federation. The specifics of the industry and the importance of innovations in this area for the state and the involved enterprises are determined. In addition to studying theoretical aspects, special attention is paid to the analysis of the recent statistics related to the current state of this industry: on enterprises introducing innovations, the volume of innovative products, the amount of innovation costs of organizations, etc. The key difficulties and trends in the area of innovation in the agroindustrial complex of the country are also identified. As a result of this study, a conclusion is formulated concerning the effectiveness of the implementation of the innovative component in the production, organizational and other areas of enterprise activities along with some recommendations developed to strengthen the innovative development of enterprises in the sector in question.

The Impact of the Preferential Attachment Level on the Innovation Network Structure and Innovation Efficiency

In the formation process of innovation networks, the level of preferential attachment between agents has an important impact on the resulting structural and functional characteristics of a network. A simulation model of innovation networks with variable preferential levels of attachment is established to study these impacts. Negative preferences tend to form chain-type structures, while positive preferences tend to form star-type structures. Furthermore, a simulation process of innovation is added to the network model to test the impact of the resulting structures on innovation efficiency. For explorative innovation, the structure with unbiased preference has the fastest innovation speed, but the structures with strong positive preference show lower innovation costs. For exploitive innovation, strong negative preferences generate the fastest innovation speed and relatively low cost, while strong positive preferences show a slightly lower cost than negative preference structures but a much lower innovation speed. Finally, some internal mechanisms of the results are discussed.

The characteristics and evolution of business model for green buildings: a bibliometric approach

PurposeThe wide uptake of green building is hindered by factors such as limited market demand and high up-front cost despite substantial policy incentives. Successful business models (BMs) help facilitate the diffusion of sustainable innovation and have attracted increasing attention. However, little attention has been paid to examining the adoption of green building from the perspective of BM. This paper aims to identify the characteristics of BM that companies adopted to deliver green building projects and examine the evolution path of BM for green buildings.Design/methodology/approachA total of 744 interdisciplinary bibliographic records related to BM and green buildings from the Web of Science Core Collection database have been identified from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed through co-author analysis, co-word analysis and co-citation analysis.FindingsBM research mainly focuses on five subjects, namely, environmental science, engineering, business, economics, science and technology. Keywords “strategy”, “capability”, “perspective” and “design” receive the highest centrality index, which suggests that the strategy design and corporate capability are indispensable elements when designing or innovating a company's BM. “BM canvas” and “resource based view” received the burst citations in the recent decade. Twelve research clusters are identified, including performance evaluation, waste management, energy efficiency, BM, project business, professional capital, leadership and product innovation. These topics highlight three evolution direction for green building projects, i.e. life cycle-oriented value proposition, collaborative value delivery and innovative cost and revenue structure.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to a systematic understanding of the underlying mechanisms of BM for green buildings and illuminate the development trend of business strategies for sustainability.

ASSESSMENT OF THE COSTS OF FINANCING INNOVATIONS: REGIONAL ASPECT

The article is devoted to the actual problem of financial support for the development of innovations. The purpose of the study is to estimate the share of innovation financing costs in the income received by organizations from the sale of manufactured goods, works and services for innovative organizations located in each of the regions of Russia. As the initial information, the study used official statistics for 2017-2019, which characterize the costs of financing innovations by organizations located in 82 regions of Russia. In the course of the study, economic and mathematical models were developed that represent the functions of the normal distribution. It is proved that there were no significant changes in the value of the share of innovation financing costs in the amount of income received from the sale of manufactured products by organizations located in the regions in 2017-2019. It is shown that the costs of financing innovations for organizations account for a small share in the amount of income received from the sale of manufactured products. It is shown that the values of the specific weights of innovation financing costs were significantly differentiated by region. The results obtained are new and original. The methodological approach presented in the article to estimate the share of innovation financing costs in the amount of revenue received from sales of manufactured products by organizations located in the regions can be used in further research. The proposed tools can be used to monitor the costs of financing innovation activities in organizations. The results of the work can be applied in the current activities of state structures and public organizations, when justifying measures for the development of innovative activities.

APPROACHES TO STATE STIMULATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The Russia’s innovative development is the most important indicator of the competitiveness of the national economy. By implementing an innovation policy, the state stimulates the innovative activity of industrial enterprises. The study analyzes the impact of changes in the regulatory framework in the Russian Federation on the level of innovation development and the country’s position in the world ranking of innovative activity. The article reviews the tendencies of foreign government stimulation of business innovation activity on the example of the USA, India and Sweden and draws a conclusion about the significant role of the state and the need for targeted financing of enterprises’ innovative activities.
 Comparative analysis and diagnostics of innovation policy problems, analysis of the rating of innovation activity, forecasting the costs of technological innovation, determination of criteria for innovative activity of industrial enterprises were used as research methods.
 As a result, the proposed approaches to stimulate the innovative activity of industrial enterprises, taking into account the differentiation of enterprises by the addressee, channels, frequency and method of implementation
 of incentives. The introduction of the proposed approaches will increase the innovative activity of industrial enterprises, which will lead to an increase in the competitiveness of the national economy.

Strategies for family firms expanding into international markets

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This case study-led research paper examines the ability of Kosovan family firms to build value through international social networks, when seeking to expand into selling products in new international markets. This internationalization was achieved in incremental steps as the family firms continued to learn and refine their strategies for each country. The family firms gravitated to long-term relationships with partners who committed to helping them enter new markets, sometimes at the cost of future innovation. The authors recommend that family firms seek out innovative distributors, while also actively nurturing their networks to keep themselves up-to-date with market developments. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Статистический анализ государственного воздействия на развитие инновационной деятельности

The article is devoted to the analysis of state instruments of influence on the internal innovation environment and the identification of statistical patterns in the development of innovative activity in Russia. To identify patterns, official statistical indicators, given on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service, as well as data from foreign research publications were used. The analysis of the four main functions of state influence on innovation activity is carried out and the main methods of state regulation in the area under consideration are identified. An analysis of the dynamic changes in the costs of innovation in Russia, both in current and basic prices, indicates a positive trend in the change in the amount of funds allocated to the country's innovation sector. The article also tests the hypothesis of the relationship between the volume of shipped innovative products in a particular entity and the volume of costs for innovative activities.

Methodological basis for evaluating the efficiency of the innovative process in the supply chains of organizations

The article discusses various approaches to assessing the innovation process and innovative projects of an organization, developed an algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of the innovation process in the organization's supply chains, identifies the main types of effects from innovation, and also identifies general quantitative and qualitative indicators for analyzing the innovation process in the supply chain, identifies capital and the current cost of innovation at each link in the supply chain.

Industry digitalization opportunities in Kazakhstan: post-industrial services and human resources

We explore the issues of the real sector’s influence on the dynamics of post-industrial services (information, computer, scientific and technical research). Using a multifactorial correlation-regression model, we have obtained the results of the significance of the process and product innovation costs in mining and manufacturing industries on the volume of production in post-industrial services. This allowed the authors to conclude about the genesis of the process of industry digitalization in the basic sectors of Kazakhstan’s economy. Forecasting output volumes in the medium term gives reason to talk about positive dynamics of 4-5% in the post-industrial services sector. According to the authors, the revealed connection with industry requires development of professional standards for new specialties in the convergence of industrial and digital technologies. The following paper looks into two cases of professional standards that will be in demand in the mining and metallurgy in the medium term: designer constructor of industrial space refabrication and big data systems manager designer for metallurgy and mining. Digitalization of Kazakhstan’s industry requires introduction of fundamental changes in higher educational programs to ensure the interface between the classical technical, economic, and informational components of curricula using the dual teaching method.

Financing of innovative projects in industry

A distinctive feature of innovation-oriented enterprises is a higher demand for external sources of financing, while innovative activities are characterized by a sufficiently high degree of uncertainty and risk, therefore, the important principles of financing innovative projects are the multiplicity of financing sources, flexibility and adaptability to a rapidly changing external environment. Using in-house funds in the development and implementation of an innovative project provides maximum scale of actions in making management decisions. At the same time, international experience in the innovative projects implementation proves the effectiveness of debt and equity instruments use for project financing. The article discusses the main instruments for financing innovative projects in the Russian Federation, highlights the main stages of finding and attracting financial resources. In addition, within the framework of this study, the costs of technological innovations and the sources of their financing, the patent activity of enterprises in the Russian Federation were analyzed. The main economic reasons that impede the development of innovations project management are listed. The necessity of developing measures to expand the access of innovative enterprises to loaned sources of financing has been substantiated.

Innovative Paradigm of Management Accounting and Development of Controlling in the Entrepreneurship

The article considers a comprehensive methodology of innovative paradigm of management accounting, which takes into account the functional design of information and analytical support of the innovation process that is the foundation for expanding tools and determinants of controlling in the socio-ecological and economic space of entrepreneurship. The maximum possible amount of organized information data is substantiated. It considers the individual features of the management accounting model for decision-making to form the determinants of controlling development with the probability of turning it into a strategic resource aimed at ensuring a stable business, taking into account socio-environmental and economic factors. The model of development of the innovative theory of the administrative account from a position of meaningful enrichment is presented. It is proved that the subject of management accounting with an innovative aspect is the process of managing transaction and innovation costs, which strengthen the development strategy of business entities. Indicators of management accounting, which is formed into a three-component part of business development – social, environmental, economic – as a basis for an integrated assessment of the level of activity of entities in a particular area or industry. A detailed veil of monetary and natural innovative components of management accounting with a focus on the past and future is presented. The intellectual resource and its derivative benefit - intellectual rent is proposed to study in the plane of the philosophy of human-centeredness and with an emphasis on professional knowledge in time, which is obtained by a person. The method of controlling effectiveness is substantiated, which forms a synergistic effect of interaction of functional components of controlling and coherence of their goals.

Making pharmaceutical companies report what matters about innovation

There is a lack of transparency about the cost of innovation of the pharmaceutical industry even though these costs are claimed to be the major driver for high prices for medicines.This is reflected by annual reports of the major pharmaceutical firms that contain a low number of pages on innovation and its detailed costs in comparison with pages about remuneration of executives where the detail is excessive.This disbalance provides an objective view of the transparency priorities of a company and has the potential to shift this focus in favour of transparent and detailed information on the cost of innovation by adjusting the regulation for financial reporting.

Green Logistics Service Supply Chain Games Considering Risk Preference in Fuzzy Environments

The increasing pressures from environmental crises are responsible for the green and sustainable choices made in supply chain management. Green logistics service supply chain (LSSC) operations play a significant role in reducing the environmental burden of the supply chain, and the risk preferences of logistics enterprises lead to more uncertainties in the green management of LSSC. Much research has been limited to case studies of green LSSC, and the different combinations of risk preferences among LSSC participants have generally been ignored. This paper investigates the impact of the risk preference on the equilibrium behavior of an LSSC composed of one logistics service integrator (LSI) and one logistics service provider (LSP) under fuzzy decision environments. Considering the fact that the greening innovation cost and the parameters of the demand function are all characterized as fuzzy variables, the games between the LSI and LSP with different risk preferences were comprehensively proposed under three scenarios. Then, the optimal decisions of the LSP and LSI were drawn, and numerical examples are presented. The results show that an optimistic risk attitude can appropriately improve the greening level, price, and green innovation cost of logistics services, while both risk appetite and risk aversion can lead to an increase in the outsourcing price. Moreover, when the decision maker is risk neutral, the partner’s risk attitude has a significant effect on the value of the decision variables and the cost. Finally, the optimal profits of different risk preference behaviors between the LSI and LSP vary among the game models under fuzzy environments. Subsequently, we obtained three management insights. Total involvement and cooperation among participants were vital factors for an improvement in green management in the LSSC. Additionally, risk preference plays a key role in how LSSC participants make decisions under fuzzy environments. Additionally, a dominant position in the LSSC plays a crucial role in generating profit.

WITHDRAWN: The influence of employee pressure on the management cost of enterprise technological innovation using mental health education.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.

Skill shortage of bricklayers in Scotland

PurposeThis study identifies that bricklaying trade has not benefited much from off-site production, and bricklaying has been highlighted as a trade significantly affected by the documented skills shortage in Scotland with 66% of small and medium enterprises reporting difficulties in recruiting bricklayers.Design/methodology/approachThis study used an interpretivistic philosophy adopting the phenomenological qualitative research approach using purposeful sampling technique and semi-structured interviews to allow for emergent themes to develop. The theory of proximal similarity that connects the study’s characteristics and the characteristics of the group under study was adopted.FindingsFindings from the emergent themes identified issues grouped into key themes such as inconsistency of income, lack of care and self-employed workforce. The sub-themes included the Scottish climate, risk and profit, physical strain and government expectations and the cost of innovation. These were considered in relation to their existing and future implications for the industry.Research limitations/implicationsA wider and more diverse group of industry participants from different parts of Scotland would have made the study more representative.Practical implicationsIt is imperative that the Scottish construction industry supports, develops and trains future bricklayers capable of maintaining existing housing stock and to deliver on future construction projects in Scotland.Originality/valueThis study explores the shortage of skilled bricklayers within the Scottish construction sector.

Impact of Technological Innovation, Research and Development on the Defense Economy - Iran Country

The Purpose. This research is to investigate the relationship between the variables of technological innovation, research and development costs, economic growth, sales and export of weapons and military costs in Iran for the years 2000 to 2017. Design/Methodology/Approach. In this study, we examine using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method to explore the estimating the impacts of technological innovation, research and development costs, economic growth, sales and export on military costs. Findings/Implications. The results of this study showed that the impact of technological innovation and research and development costs on military costs is negative in short-term and long-term. Although the effect that these two variables have on military spending in the short-term is very close, in long-term the effect that research and development costs have on military spending is far greater and more significant. Also, the impact of economic growth on Iran’s defense economy is much less than the variables of technological innovation and research and development costs. So that this effect will be less in long-term. But, the amount of arms sales and exports in the short-term has a positive effect on defense spending, but in long-term it becomes negative and increase in arms sales and exports can help Iran’s defense economy. Originality. The countries defense economy can always have positive effects on military and civilian research and development, scientific innovation and technological progress, in this condition that the country’s macroeconomics can spend military spending on research and development and support innovation and inventions. Eventually adopt arrangements that use the innovations of the defense industry in the civilian sector, which will lead to economic growth. This is the experience of many developed countries that have been able to use the technological advances and innovations of the military sector in the civilian sectors as well, and to cause the economic progress and development of their country.

Current trends in the implementation of innovative development as a concept of structural modernization of the machine-building industry of Ukraine

The paper considers current trends of innovative development as a concept of structural modernization of the machine-building industry of Ukraine. The impact of the pandemic coronavirus on industrial enterprises of the machine-building industry in the world and Ukraine is analyzed. The basic tendencies of development of trade in the investigated sector in the conditions of quarantine and measures of stimulation of business in machine-building branch are revealed. The analysis of the current state, problems and perspectives of innovative development of machine-building branch in Ukraine for the period of 2010–2020 is carried out in the paper. The available types of forms of modernization of machine-building industry in Ukraine are analyzed. It is found out that the state of their development is insufficient, which requires the elaboration of further strategies of activation of activity both at the national and regional level. Determined a set of factors that influence the formation of the ability to implement machine-building enterprises innovations. The main groups of identified factors include infrastructure and accessibility, development of society, as well as the production environment. Structural differentiation by the level of their costs for innovations in the industry was analyzed. It has been established that in Ukraine there is extremely low state financing in the aspect of innovations development. Own funds of the machine-building enterprises, with a share of 96 % is the main source of investment in innovation activity of the industry. It is determined that for this purpose, it is necessary to expand the vision and develop a strategic roadmap that would allow to promote innovation. The priority of expanding the tools of innovation policy is justified. The need to create a fundamentally new concept of innovative development, providing the use of a mixture of policies and encompass vertical and horizontal understanding of these processes has been proved. It has been established that the management of the new innovation policy of machine building industry in Ukraine should provide the use of multi-level, open and network structures.