Revolutionary Innovation Research Articles

Public Interest Litigation: An Innovative step towards Judicial Activism

Public Interest Litigation was a revolutionary innovation which attempt to ensure implementation of rescue programme, framed for the benefit of the needy. In India the Judicial Scenario changed during the 1980s when the apex court allowed anybody with sufficient public interest to approach the court and request to enforce any public right or welfare scheme. It also compelled the government and its authorities to perform their task and for this revolutionary action, Justice P.N. Bhagwati & Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer have played a play role in promoting the avenue of approaching the apex court of the country, seeking legal remedies in area where public interests tare at state. PIL is an Innovative step towards Judicial Activism, and also it is an inexpensive legal remedy for those people who are poor, weak, helpless but still there is no awareness or less awareness about judicial activism through PIL in the society. So by this research paper I want to spread awareness. My Aim behind this is to give information to every people whose fundamental rights, Human rights, religious rights etc. are affected. My Aim behind this is to think the people of the society that; The Doctrine of Locus Standi and The Doctrine of the Natural Justice is still alive.

Big Earth data: A new frontier in Earth and information sciences

Big data is a revolutionary innovation that has allowed the development of many new methods in scientific research. This new way of thinking has encouraged the pursuit of new discoveries. Big data occupies the strategic high ground in the era of knowledge economies and also constitutes a new national and global strategic resource. “Big Earth data”, derived from, but not limited to, Earth observation has macro-level capabilities that enable rapid and accurate monitoring of the Earth, and is becoming a new frontier contributing to the advancement of Earth science and significant scientific discoveries. Within the context of the development of big data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of scientific big data and recognizes its great potential for development, particularly with regard to the role that big Earth data can play in promoting the development of Earth science. On this basis, the paper outlines the Big Earth Data Science Engineering Project (CASEarth) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program. Big data is at the forefront of the integration of geoscience, information science, and space science and technology, and it is expected that big Earth data will provide new prospects for the development of Earth science.

Dead Theory: Derrida, Death, and the Afterlife of Theory

Dead Theory: Derrida, Death, and the Afterlife of Theory

Sharing Economy and Regulation

The sharing of goods and services via Internet platforms is becoming increasingly popular. The article asks the questions and answers whether the sharing economy is, in the first place, from the economic point of view, in fact a complete, revolutionary innovation, or simply a redesign of existing concepts, and secondly, how this trend can be classified from a regulatory economic point of view. In this case, a comparison of the classic platforms HRS and myTaxi in comparison to the currently much discussed sharing platforms AirBnB and Uber made. The results show that there are no indications of structural differences between the Standard and the Sharing Economy. The principle of sharing, which is often described as novel, is conceptually similar in its economic core to platforms that are analyzed within the framework of the theory of two-sided or multi-sided markets, and also makes use of proven economic principles. In addition, many benefits of the sharing economy, such as lower prices, stem from regulatory inequality that the sharing economy prefers. In the interests of fair competition, the regulators are in demand here, as an equal treatment of all companies is economically necessary.

A survey on smart power grid: frameworks, tools, security issues, and solutions

Smart power grid is referred to as the next revolutionary innovation in electric power generation, transmission, and distribution technology. Smart grids are an example of cyber physical system (CPS) and an extremely critical infrastructure. The smart grids are expected to be more secure and must have the ability of self-healing and recovery. Smart power grids are also one of the major targets for different kinds of cyber attacks, as they are now an open system network, according to the model architecture of smart power grid. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on understanding the smart power grid, its important components, different cyber security and other kinds of issues, existing methodologies and approaches for communication protocols, and architecture of smart power grids. We conclude our paper by discussing various research challenges that still exist in the literature, which provides a better understanding of the problem, the current solution space, and future research directions to defend smart power against different cyber attacks.

Infrastructure public–private partnerships as drivers of innovation? Lessons from Ontario, Canada

Public–private partnerships have been widely identified as key drivers of innovation in large public infrastructure projects such as hospitals, courthouses, bridges, highways, and transit lines. Yet to date, there is little empirical evidence documenting how much or what types of innovation are realized through the public–private partnership procurement process. Based on an examination of public–private partnership project delivery in Ontario, Canada over the past decade, this study shows that the innovations realized through the public–private partnership process tend to be a series of design, construction method, and material selection choices primarily aimed at lowering project cost and risk. Conversely, more revolutionary innovations in terms of iconic architecture or substantial rethinking of the approach to public service delivery are not typically achieved through the public–private partnership process. The paper concludes by reflecting on the meaning of innovation in the infrastructure sector, and identifies the specific public–private partnership procurement processes that incentivize cost-saving ingenuities over more transformational innovations.

The realisation of goal-driven airport enclosures intrusion alarm system

Airport enclosures intrusion alarm system is the first defence line in airport security, and has an important guarantee to maintain the safety of airport and passenger. The traditional signal-driven enclosures security system has many disadvantages, such as backward measures, high false alarm rate, non-comprehensive, difficult to maintain and easy to damage the cable network etc. Aiming at aforesaid actualities, a goal-driven airport enclosures intrusion alarm wireless sensing system based on ZigBee technology is presented in this paper. The false alarm and missed alarm rate of this system was very low, which meets the monitoring requirements throughout the day and brings a revolutionary technological innovation for the airport enclosures intrusion detection. It is worthy of popularisation and application in the security systems.

Революційні інновації у світі (за даними звіту медіакомпанії Thomson Reuters, 2016 р.)

Революційні інновації у світі (за даними звіту медіакомпанії Thomson Reuters, 2016 р.)

Security of Various Data De- Duplication Approaches

In this paper, the cloud computing has develop into more and more admired. It brings revolutionary innovation with regards to cost, reserve organization and utilization. Cloud computing offer nearly unlimited resources, highly reliable on-demand services with minimal infrastructure and operational cost and storage system. In the cloud storage system with data de-duplication, untrusted entities including a cloud server and users may cause security threats to the storage system. These services offers to end-users rather than a product by sharing resources, software and information, hence economic benefit and data de-duplication is the key for Cloud terms of capital and operational expenditure.

Propeller Innovation Takes Off

This article demonstrates events that bring revolution in propeller design and innovation. Propeller design has changed in only small increments since 1903. Design changes incrementally in mainstream aviation, and major design innovations are rare. The mechanical and aerospace engineers who design propellers are innovating again. In propeller design, high power and low pitch are ideal for take-off, while higher pitch and lower power are ideal for high-altitude cruising. In order to meet these conflicting demands, a variable pitch mechanism is used to automatically control the blades’ pitch in flight. While new materials are important, engineers say faster, cheaper computers, along with the nearly limitless hardware and software resources in the cloud, have contributed the most to propeller design. Affordable technology is also allowing many small companies to compete against the big boys and take risks that were once far too expensive and risky to attempt.

Effect of Taper Angle and Luting cement on the Retention and Marginal Accuracy of All-Ceramic Crowns

Marginal accuracy and retention of all-ceramic crowns are crucial prerequisites for their long-term survival. Meanwhile, the innovative revolution of adhesive cementation has led to uncountable number of recent brands through which the dentist has to choose. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different tapering angles [10°& 26°] and two different luting cements [Self-etching adhesive & Self adhesive resin cement] on the retention and marginal accuracy of single unit crowns, constructed from three types of ceramics: IPS e-max Press, IPS e-max CAD and ZirconiaCAD/CAM. Seventy two recently extracted sound human molars were used in this study. The teeth were mounted on acrylic blocks and randomly divided into two equal main groups (n = 36) according to the degree of tapering angles10˚ and 26˚. Every group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the type of ceramic used (n= 12) IPS e-maxPress, IPS e-max CAD and Zirconia CAD/CAM. The occlusal surface of each specimen was reduced to a flat plane perpendicular to the Long axis and all the resulting preparations had the same coronal height 4mm. The crowns of each subgroup were fabricated according to the manufacturer’s instruction. The crowns of each subgroup werefurther subdivided into two subdivisions (n=6) according to the type of luting cement used; Multilink N and Multilink Speed. Marginal accuracy was detected before and after cementation of all specimens by stereomicroscope. All samples were subjected to retention testing using the universal testing machine. Data was collected and statisticallyanalyzed. Heat Press fabrication technique resulted in a superior marginal fit, and higher retention of crowns as compared to the CAD/CAM technique. The self etch resin cement improved the marginal fit and retention of single unit crowns more than the self adhesive resin cement.

Methods of imparting mosquito repellent agents and the assessing mosquito repellency on textile

AbstractThis review intends to analyze the distinctive fabric utilized for mosquito repellent studies and forms of treatment mosquito agents on the fabrics. Textile treated with mosquito repellent is a revolutionary innovation to protect human from the bites of mosquito borne disease such as Dengue. This peculiarity was produced as needed in feeling of assurance from mosquitoes in the regions which are territories of the mosquitoes and inclined to disease. To impart this feature, the fabrics are given a treatment of mosquito repellent agent which capable of being utilized and without ruining their characteristics. The utilization of anti-agents to dress and different fabrics is best contrasted with skin application in light of the fact that it lessens the probability of unfavorably susceptible responses. This paper described the textile materials selection, methods of imparting the repellent into the fabrics, types of repellent as well as the repellency test of treated fabrics. The assessments used in the treated textile are summarized and conditions of the assessment of repellency relative to this discussion are presented.

Pioneering surgical innovations in Germany : Part 2: public funding and origins of surgical innovations

In recent years research that conforms with evidence-based medicine (EBM) has been demanded even in surgery. Uniform studies were carried out to prove the benefits of new procedures; however, compared to other research sectors, public third party funding for surgical research was significantly cut back. Collation of special features in surgery with respect to external funding of surgical top level research. Examination of the benefits of a continuous promotion and of organizations involved in research. Part one of this investigation presented the methods used to identify and analyze pioneering research in surgery. Out of a total of 15 revolutionary innovations only 3 projects were financed by external funding and 2 projects received indirect financial support as a result of a cooperation with the medical industry. This demonstrates that the majority of projects were neither directly nor indirectly subsidized. Apart from one instance the majority of innovations were generated by university hospitals highly active in research. In effect, the non-existing external funding for outstanding surgical innovations and hospitals suggests that a reformation of surgical research is required. To strengthen the quality of innovations in surgery a concentration of funding to institutions that are highly active in research makes sense. Institutional funding directly linked to a project should form a key component of support particularly in the early stages of development.

The IoT electric business model: Using blockchain technology for the internet of things

Nowadays, the development of traditional business models become more and more mature that people use them to guide various kinds of E-business activities. Internet of things (IoT), being an innovative revolution over the Internet, becomes a new platform for E-business. However, old business models could hardly fit for the E-business on the IoT. In this article, we 1) propose an IoT E-business model, which is specially designed for the IoT E-business; 2) redesign many elements in traditional E-business models; 3) realize the transaction of smart property and paid data on the IoT with the help of P2P trade based on the Blockchain and smart contract. We also experiment our design and make a comprehensive discuss.

Alternative Methods for Resolving Tax Disputes in Poland The Odds of Success

In October 2015 the Polish government adopted the Directional Assumptions of the New Tax Ordinance” drafted by the Committee for Codification of the General Tax Law – a body of experts appointed by the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland. The Assumptions now serve the basis for drafting the new Tax Ordinance, enter into force in 2018. The Assumptions propose establish procedural grounds for consensual, i.e. premised on an agreement between parties the dispute, forms of tax disputes prevention and resolution – ADR ex ante (consultative pre- and post-filing procedure; cooperative compliance program) and ex post (settlement procedure used once a dispute has arisen; third-party mediation). This part of the project, and quite revolutionary innovation in the Polish tax procedure it puts forward, have raised much concern among the tax administration, tax judges and academia. Serious doubts and reservations over the possibility ‘negotiate taxes’ have been expressed both officially, i.e. within the consultation process, and in informal communication between external stakeholders and members of the Committee. The purpose of the paper is twofold. First, it seeks explain the main policy problems the Committee had solve while developing the proposal. Second, it purports discuss normative objections that have been raised by stakeholders against the proposal and pinpoint possible practical difficulties which can hamper its implementation and operation. The paper unfolds as follows. After providing the background information on the Committee’s work (in section 1) and on the current status of tax ADR in Poland (in section 2) the paper outlines the main policy dilemmas related ADR that the Committee faced in the process of drafting the Assumptions and sets out the main elements of the resulting ADR proposal (in section 3). Then it briefly presents consultation process of the proposal and feedback received in this process (section 4). Sections 5 and 6 – the core of the paper – discuss normative and non-normative (factual) obstacles the implementation and successful operation of the proposal. As a final point, in section 7 the paper sketches a to do list: non-exhaustive catalogue of supporting activities which can aid the successful – effective, efficient and fair – implementation of the proposal. The author is the member of the Committee responsible for the ADR proposal.

TALENs, a Revolutionary Innovation Tool in Germline Genome-Editing

Transcription activator‐like effector nuclease (TALENs) is an emerging programmable nuclease, enable precise genome editing by introducing DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) at specific genomic loci. DSBs subsequently recruit the endogenous non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) or homology‐directed repair (HDR) units to the DSB site to mediate genome editing. Mutagenesis induced by the TALENs have shown higher efficacy, as much as 76%, and have been demonstrated to induce effective and heritable mutations in various organisms and cells, thus proving furthermore, to be highly scalable and reliable and is an applicable method to single cells and multicellular organisms. In this mini‐review, we summarized recent findings and applications of TALEN mediated germ line knock‐down in cells and vertebrate animal models.

2015 And Human Cancer: Back to Overall Survival

10.2217/fon-2015-0085 © 2016 Future Medicine Ltd At the end of the year, it is time to take stock. What has been the revolutionary innovation in oncology in 2015? Key steps in translational research are certainly strengthening the foundations of cancer knowledge. As genome sequencing has allowed outlining the mutational landscape of several tumor types [1–3], the historical classification based on mere tumor histology is giving way to a molecular cancer definition. In short, we can differentiate tumors relying on a specific dominantmutated oncogene for cell proliferation and survival (i.e., EGFR-mutated or ALKrearranged lung cancer, BRAF-mutated melanoma, HER2-positive breast cancer), from cancers with high genetic instability (i.e., melanoma or lung cancer wild-type for driver mutations, renal cell carcinoma [RCC], prostate cancer). Targeted agents directed against gatekeeper mutations currently represent the standard of care for oncogene-addicted tumors; immunotherapy has ousted chemotherapy for malignancies with high mutation loads. What remains the main goal to achieve when testing a new cancer treatment? The answer is prolonging overall survival (OS). For years, we used surrogate end points for OS (i.e., progression-free survival [PFS], disease-free survival, time to progression), supposing that early achievement of the study’s end points would primarily result in positive outcomes for the patients (due to the quicker approval of new agents), independently from the economic logic of the big pharmaceutical companies. This approach convinced us of the great benefit of prolonging PFS, inconveniently forgetting (or conveniently?) the unproven correlation with OS. Indeed, validation studies of surrogate end points often failed in demonstrating strong correlation with survival, highlighting the limited evidence supporting the use of surrogate end points in oncology [4]. Can PFS be considered a surrogate end point of OS? Theoretically, a significant advantage in PFS should result in prolonged overall survival. Actually, the PFS/OS correlation model appears to closely depend on the mechanism of action of the drug, aside from the tumor type. Curves comparing a targeted-therapy in oncogene-addicted tumors separate early and markedly, but then may converge. Clinically, this corresponds to an early and significant benefit of the targeted agent in a molecularly selected population, and to the succeeding eventual development of resistance. In this case, PFS not always correlates with OS. On the contrary, with COMMENTARY

Research on the Radical Innovation of C2M Business Model—A Case Study on Redcollar MTM Men’s Suits in China

<p class="AbstractWCCM"><span lang="EN-US">For recently years, with the deep integration of informatization and industrialization, traditional manufacturing industries in China have been investigating for the road of transformation and upgrading. A Chinese garment enterprise, named Redcollar Group of China, has successfully transformed and upgraded to high-tech industry with high value added from labor-intensive industry. It is very important to explore the reason, method and business model it has created so as to provide some beneficial advice to China’s traditional manufactures. In this case study, indirect research, field research, comparison research and customers’ experience methods have been used. As a result, it is found that the enterprise has successfully created a C2M business mode of men's custom suits and has succeeded in producing customization suits with large-scale production efficiency. Being the first factory in the world by using industrialization measures to produce thoroughly customized men’s suits, the Redcollar’s C2M model is the revolutionary and disruptive radical innovation which breaks through the traditional suits making, the traditional clothing manufacturing model, the value perception of traditional manufacturing industry and the existing business regulations. </span></p>

Analysis of electric energy consumption of automatic milking systems in different configurations and operative conditions

Automatic milking systems (AMS) have been a revolutionary innovation in dairy cow farming. Currently, more than 10,000 dairy cow farms worldwide use AMS to milk their cows. Electric consumption is one of the most relevant and uncontrollable operational cost of AMS, ranging between 35 and 40% of their total annual operational costs. The aim of the present study was to measure and analyze the electric energy consumption of 4 AMS with different configurations: single box, central unit featuring a central vacuum system for 1 cow unit and for 2 cow units. The electrical consumption (daily consumption, daily consumption per cow milked, consumption per milking, and consumption per 100L of milk) of each AMS (milking unit + air compressor) was measured using 2 energy analyzers. The measurement period lasted 24h with a sampling frequency of 0.2Hz. The daily total energy consumption (milking unit + air compressor) ranged between 45.4 and 81.3 kWh; the consumption per cow milked ranged between 0.59 and 0.99 kWh; the consumption per milking ranged between 0.21 and 0.33 kWh; and the consumption per 100L of milk ranged between 1.80 to 2.44 kWh according to the different configurations and operational contexts considered. Results showed that AMS electric consumption was mainly conditioned by farm management rather than machine characteristics/architectures.

I Think, Therefore I Invent: Creative Computers and the Future of Patent Law

An innovation revolution is on the horizon. Artificial intelligence has been generating inventive output for decades, and now the continued and exponential growth in computing power is poised to take creative machines from novelties to major drivers of economic growth. A creative singularity is foreseeable in which computers overtake human inventors as the primary source of new discoveries.In some cases, a computer’s output constitutes patentable subject matter, and the computer rather than a person meets the requirements for inventorship. Despite this, and despite the fact that the Patent Office has already granted patents for inventions by computers, the issue of computer inventorship has never been explicitly considered by the courts, Congress, or the Patent Office. Yet the issue of whether a computer can be an inventor is an eminently practical one — not only do inventors have ownership rights in a patent, but failure to list an inventor can result in a patent being held invalid or unenforceable.Drawing on dynamic principles of statutory interpretation and taking analogies from the copyright context, this article argues that creative computers should be considered inventors under the Patent and Copyright Clause of the Constitution. Treating nonhumans as inventors would incentivize the creation of intellectual property by encouraging the development of creative computers. The article proceeds to address a host of challenges that would result from computer inventorship, ranging from ownership of computer-based inventions, to displacement of human inventors, to the need for consumer protection policies.This analysis applies more broadly to nonhuman creators of intellectual property, and explains why the Copyright Office came to the wrong conclusion with its Human Authorship Requirement. Just as permitting computer inventorship will further promote the progress of science, so too will permitting animal authorship promote the useful arts by creating new incentives for people.Finally, computer inventorship provides insight into other areas of patent law. For instance, computers could replace the hypothetical skilled person that courts use to judge inventiveness. This would provide justification for raising the bar to patentability and would address one of the most serious criticisms of the patent system — that too many patents of questionable value are issued. Creative computers may require a rethinking of the baseline standard for inventiveness, and potentially of the entire patent system.