Local Government Innovation Research Articles

Health Service Innovation in Local Government : Analyzing the effect of organizational culture and knowledge management on the Health Service Innovation and Performance

Health Service Innovation in Local Government : Analyzing the effect of organizational culture and knowledge management on the Health Service Innovation and Performance

ICT from Below: ELISA Program and the Innovation of Local Government in Italy

In the last two decades, there has been a shift in the fundamental paradigm of Public Administration, from New Public Management, characterized by a managerial, microeconomic and sectorial approach, to Multilevel Public Governance, characterized by an integrated, strategic and holistic approach. The current Multilevel Public Governance paradigm is particularly useful to study and to approach to the Italian local government sector, due to its extreme fragmentation that needs cooperation to overcome its limits. It is in this theoretical framework that we present the ELISA program and its efforts in modernizing the local administration with ICT… from below.ELISA program (Enti Locali – Innovazione di SistemA, Local Government – System Innovation) is a national government project for the innovation in the Public Administration, guided by the Department for Regional and Local Affairs. The project promotes innovative instruments to develop software and technological public platform in three different main fields: taxation and cadastre; info-mobility; quality of services. The ultimate goal is to increase the efficiency of the administrative structure and provide better and technologically advanced solutions to respond to the needs of the citizens.Considering the success of the ELISA program, the Department for Regional and Local Affairs, in cooperation with Politecnico di Milano and Invitalia s.p.a., activates the eGovernment Laboratory with the aim in guaranteeing the replicability and the uniform dissemination of the best solutions all along the country. One of its action lines is to develop and implement the Innovation Communities raised in connection with the best practises of the ELISA program. For this purpose, it encourages sustainable and innovative management models, which are able to spread significant benefits by passing on administrative skills and knowledge to other Public Administrations and, furthermore, promoting the implementation mechanism and the deployment of the experiences.For that to happen, system-oriented measures are needed in order to redefine the relationship between the Local Authorities and the Central Administration: the first ones have the task to identifying both problems and needs of their territories and design proper solutions accordingly; the second one has to guarantee constant and consistent funds, coordinate the actions and oversee the whole process. One example of system-oriented measure is ItaliAE project, a complex and technological program, financed by European structural funds and born to follow the implementation of the local authority reform provided for by the law n. 56/2014 and to support the transformation of the Italian administrative geography and to improving its efficiency.

TIPOLOGI INOVASI SEKTOR PUBLIK PADA TIGA PROGRAM INOVATIF PEMERINTAH DAERAH KOTA SURABAYA (Tinjauan Reflektif terhadap Tiga Inovasi Pelayanan Publik Pemerintah Kota Surabaya Tahun 2018)

The decentralization policy in Indonesia puts the local government as the main actor to bring their community to achieve their common purpose and goal. Thus, the local government needs to be empowered so they will have a capacity to make a significant breakthrough in their decisions and actions. In line with that need, the Indonesia central government issues a law called local innovation to develop the performance of government operation and enable the acceleration of people wealth improvement. The purpose of local innovation law is also to protect local government innovation and increase in number of local government innovations. Besides the law instrument, the attention from central government by recognizing the innovative program that has been done by local government is also very important. Therefore, the Ministry of Administrative Reform provides an award for local government innovation as an incentive for local government creative efforts.This study is conducted to explore the valid concept of public sector innovation. Furthermore, this paper will provide a reflective analysis of the three innovative programs initiated by the local government in Surabaya City based on the perspective of typologies of public sector innovation. An exploratory approach is utilized in this paper to gain valid understanding about the concept of public sector innovation and its typologies in the local level.The result of this study shows that innovation and public sector innovation is a set of academic concepts which related with newness and change and it has a serious intent to improve the quality of input, product and its impact on the customer needs. Moreover, the three innovative programs of Surabaya City local government are fulfilled four criteria of the typologies of public sector innovation, which are the creation of new service, process innovation, administrative innovation, and conceptual innovation.

Accountability Jogya Smart Service Application in Public Sector Services in Yogyakarta 2019

study was conducted to determine local governments implementation of the principles of accountability in public services. Innovations developed through information , communication and technologies or ICT. ICT growing very well in Indonesia. The Indonesian government also uses ICT in carrying out the activities of government and public service. Government in Yogyakarta developing applications named as Jogja Smart Service to improve services for the people of Yogya city. Jogja Smart Service is an application as a form of local government innovation with ICT in the public service. This application not only contains about service to the public and private sectors but also includes services to the civil servant. This application has several well-coordinated services. Yogyakarta city government in collaboration with various departments and several state-owned enterprises. Accountability itself is crucial in implementing the principles of good governance and transparency, effectiveness, and participation of the community itself. This study aims to determine how the role of local governments in the form of innovation called Jogja Smart Services or applications that can improve government accountability. This study uses the research method used is employing a literature study. The review of literature is the study of the theory by using the same approach of cultural values such as social discussion conducted in the previous survey. In the application Jogya, smart service applications can be concluded that the principle of accountability has been reached. The implications of the implementation of this application is a service to the citizens of the city of Yogyakarta more quickly, effectively, and efficiently. The study of literature is the study of the theory by using the same theory of cultural values such as social discussion conducted in the previous study. In the application Jogya smart service applications can be concluded that the principle of accountability has been reached.

Model Inovasi Pemerintah Daerah Bidang Pelayanan Perizinan dalam Mewujudkan Smart City (Studi Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Sragen)

This study aims to see the innovation model of local government in an effort to provide public services online licensing field in Kabupaten Sragen, Central Java Province. Online-based licensing service implemented by the local government of Kabupaten Sragen is part of the government's efforts in realizing Smart City. The effort to realize Smart City in Kabupaten Sragen is the result of the synergy of all stakeholders, from the government, the public, the private sector and the international community. Therefore, this research tries to give an idea about ideal model of Smart City realization especially in the field of licensing service with dynamic system method approach. This methodology focuses on the modeling of local government innovations in viewing the behavior of problems and strategic issues of licensing services dynamically, so that later this model can serve as a grand design for the development of other areas in Indonesia that are heading towards the realization of Smart City.

Evaluation of Local Government Innovation Program in Lampung Province

The problem of public services capacity, such as budget, infrastructure, and social capital in regions, is a threat to the social conditions of the community if serious efforts are not anticipated by the local government. Therefore, it needs an alternative model as an option to address the problem of capacity. This study seeks to illustrate the efforts of new autonomous local governments in building public service capacity in new autonomous regions to identify the dynamics of sustainable public service capacity building in new autonomous regions and to design a model of the sustainable public service capacity building to strengthen the autonomous region. This model tries to achieve an intergenerational aspect of development. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach that combines secondary data and primary data. Data were collected from three local governments with best practices in public service capacity management. The data were analyzed using an interactive model. The research showed that when the program capacity is well designed, it will produce good program sustainability capabilities as well, otherwise if the program capacity faces many obstacles and it will produce poor sustainability capabilities. The strengthening of innovative programs in the public service sector needs to adopt the role model of public sector innovation initiative. The model emphasizes the importance of identifying the role of innovation that is designed in a program to the real problems faced so that later public confidence about the urgency of innovation can be achieved.

Local environmental governance innovation in China: staging ‘triangular dialogues’ for industrial air pollution control

Studies of environmental governance in China mainly discuss bilateral encounters, such as popular protests against polluting companies, NGO collaboration with local authorities, or local government collusion with enterprises which can lead to the sabotage of effective pollfution controls. This article studies a case in which a communication mechanism involving multiple actors created a basis for the innovative and successful enforcement of air pollution regulation. Pressurized by popular protests and superior level policy mandates, the Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) in Hangzhou City started to employ a dialogue forum which ultimately brought residents, enterprises as well as government agencies together to implement local air pollution control measures. Through information-sharing, interest mediation and trust building in a gradually more horizontal process, the government-led multiple stakeholders’ dialogue helped to overcome the agency’s structural weakness, regulate the polluting companies and address residents’ complaints. We conclude that this case study can provide some insights into the ways in which opportunities for driving forward innovative and effective environmental governance strategies at the local level emerged against the background of recently enforced top-level environmental protection policies in China.

Service Innovation in Local Government: Analysis of Business Information Services in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Abstract This article aimed to determine and analyze the implementation of innovation forms as well as the factors supporting and inhibiting the implementation of innovation in local government level. The research was conducted in three regions in South Sulawesi province: Bantaeng, East Luwu, and Makassar. The results of the research showed that the service innovation implemented in South Sulawesi was quite varied but has the same objective, i.e giving satisfactory service of business licenses for society. Bantaeng Regency Government implemented click innovation, changes employees’ behavior without illegal charges and license delivery to applicant's home. Similarly, the East Luwu Regency government intensively innovated the management and one-day issuance of business license. While the Makassar Municipal Government focused more on weekend service innovation, delivering and picking up license documents. Supporting factors for service innovation in the three regions were regulation and commitment of the local governments while the inhibiting factors of innovation implementation were the limited fund and incompetent personnel in service duties.

Power dynamics and collaborative mechanisms in co-production and co-design processes

Co-production and co-design practices are increasingly being promoted to develop user-centred public services. Analysing these practices with literature on power, participation and realist social theory this article explores the power dynamics, mechanisms and impacts within co-production and co-design processes. Two case studies were evaluated using qualitative longitudinal methods: an experience-based co-design project within hospital-based breast cancer services was followed from initiation to completion, alongside a local government innovation team that used co-production and co-design techniques to enable person-centred policies and services. The two cases illustrate how co-production and co-design techniques involve facilitating, managing and co-ordinating a complex set of psychological, social, cultural and institutional interactions. Whilst existing power relations can be challenged in different ways, constant critical reflective practice and dialogue is essential to facilitate more equal relational processes within these techniques, and to institute changes at individual, local community and organisational levels.

Site Visits, Policy Learning, and the Diffusion of Policy Innovation: Evidence from Public Bicycle Programs in China

Interjurisdictional learning is a key mechanism of policy mobility and diffusion, but the literature on this mechanism is scarce and its prominence is often underestimated. In this paper we use the case of public bicycle programs (PBPs) in China to examine the effect of intercity learning, specifically site visits, on policy diffusion. Hangzhou’s PBP is regarded as one of the most successful models and many city officials visit and learn from its best practices. We find that adjacent cities characterized by similar attributes are more inclined to learn from Hangzhou’ PBP, which facilitate these cities to adopt PBPs. More frequent site visits attended by more delegates and for more days are more likely to elicit policy adoption, while the leaders’ rank of delegations does not matter. Leadership turnover, prudent decision-making (e.g., incompatibility of PBP), and alternative solutions (e.g., metro) are found to be the missing links in transforming policy learning into policy adoption. We document the process of policy learning and diffusion, which deepens our understanding of the process of local government innovation in China.

Governance Innovation and entrepreneurship in Greek local government: Towards the limits of Europeanization?

<p>The evaluation of the participation of private sector in Greek local government comprises a rather complex task, as it is directly linked to the special configuration parameters of the national model of local governance. Although such model of local governance has gone through significant reforms over the last 20 years, mainly in the promotion of democratization, decentralization of responsibilities and municipalities uniting, however, it remains largely monopolistic and distinctive for its limited efficiency. The monopolistic provision of municipal services still features in the Greek local government, despite its distinctive significant efficiency issues, and also the vast number of regulatory initiatives for the promotion of the alternative provision that have been introduced. Such promotion initiatives of the alternative provision of municipal services have already been promoted since the mid-80s, through actions such as scheduled contracts, inter-municipal co-operation, concessions and PPPs<a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mohamad%20Mostafa/Desktop/Knowledge%20E/In%20Press%20Conferences/EBEEC-2016/Source%20files/Source%20files/KNOWLEDGE%20E_1/EBEEC_2016_paper_95.doc#_ftn1">[1]</a>. However, these have eventually produced limited results, due to the regulatory complexity that characterized their operation, increased bureaucracy in respect of their supervision, limited administrative capacity of local partners and the inability of their integration to the wider development planning of local government.</p>

Adoption of comprehensive risk management in local government

ABSTRACTIn the aftermath of large company failures in the early 2000s, there emerged a new wave of efforts to enhance risk management (RM) and control in enterprises. The normative RM model has been promoted widely to all organisations, including public sector organisations. Using survey data, this article describes and explains the diffusion and adoption of RM innovation in local government in Finland. Our survey results support the argument that if comprehensive RM is not obligatory, it is not widely used in local government. Our analysis reveals that financial constraints explain to some extent the existence of comprehensive RM in municipalities, while structural factors such as the size of municipalities do not, even though RM is slightly more advanced in larger rather than smaller local governments. Slow adoption indicates that comprehensive RM as a managerial innovation lacks immediate benefit when assessed against the efforts and costs of its introduction and maintenance.

Local government innovation diffusion in China: an event history analysis of a performance-based reform programme

Local government innovation diffusion in China: an event history analysis of a performance-based reform programme, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Volume 84, Number 1, March 2018, pp.63–81, DOI 10.1177/0020852315596211 A number of references to an article by Jiaqi Liang and Laura Langbein (2015) Performance management, high-powered incentives, and environmental policies in China. International Public Management Journal 18(3): pp.346–385 were omitted from the article. The following corrections apply. Due to errors by SAGE the article was corrected online but not in the print issue. The French and Chinese issues were corrected. Pages 66–67 China's centralised authoritarian regime is characterised by a monopolistic personnel management mechanism, the nomenklatura (Burns, 1987, 1994; Chan, 2004; Kung and Chen, 2011), which originated in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc communist countries (Manion, 1985; Liang and Langbein, 2015 ). The Department of Organisation of the CCP established and institutionalised China's contemporary cadre management system in 1979 (Chow, 1988; Liang and Langbein, 2015 ). Page 67 Under the Chinese nomenklatura system, cadre positions are divided into different ranks; members of the CCP Politburo have the highest ranking. The appointment, promotion, transfer or removal of any important party or state leader requires the approval of the party committee controlling the nomenklatura under which that leader's office is listed (Manion, 1985). Subordinate leading bureaucrats (i.e. party secretaries and government chiefs) are hierarchically accountable to the level of government immediately above, which exercises nomenklatura authority and makes personnel decisions about leadership positions (Edin, 2003; Liang and Langbein, 2015 ). Officials' personal performance records are used by their superiors to make decisions about appointments, transfer, removal, promotions, demotions and merit-based pay of bureaucrats, especially those in leadership positions ( Liang and Langbein, 2015 ). Political ambitions are the paramount motivations of individuals in the bureaucracy governed by the nomenklatura system in China, and career-oriented leading cadres desire to advance up the ladder of power and authority in the system (Liang and Langbein, 2015). It follows that the administrative behaviour of lower-tier bureaucrats who wish to advance will reflect the policy preferences of their hierarchical superiors making nomenklatura personnel decisions ( Liang and Langbein, 2015 ). Page 68 In addition, bureaucrats in different positions have different incentives under China’s nomenklatura mechanism. Top-level bureaucrats, who are already at the pinnacle of power and authority, have little incentive to pursue actions that are tied to career prospects; the marginal rewards they received for political and economic achievement diminish and the time value of additional rewards is lower due to their greater age (Liang and Langbein, 2015). Research has found that lower-level, alternate members of the Central Committee of the CCP have much stronger incentives to pursue political radicalism than full members (full members have the second-highest political rank and Politburo members have the highest) (Kung and Chen, 2011). Page 69 Not only did cadres’ differences in the position of authority lead to different estimates of political career prospects which can influence cadres’ enthusiasm for pursuing policy agendas (Kung and Chen, 2011; Liang and Langbein, 2015), but leaders working in different provinces can also have distinct prospects of political promotion despite their similar positions. Under the Chinese nomenklatura system, the Politburo lies on the top (Burns, 1987, 1994; Chan, 2004; Kung and Chen, 2011). Though regional representation in the Central Committee of the CCP is becoming increasingly balanced, politicians from more powerful provinces such as Beijing and Shanghai are more likely to become Politburo members than those from other provinces ( Liang and Langbein, 2015 ). Page 71 Independent variables. Relative age, Politburo incumbency, distance to the general election and chance of appointment to the Politburo are all coded according to provincial secretaries’ archives or the Chinese political cycle. A leader’s relative age is the difference between the year of the next NCCCP and the year of his birth as age in the year of the next general election is an important factor affecting a politician’s promotion. (A similar index was developed in Liang and Langbein, 2015). Furthermore, we develop an index to estimate the historical likelihood of promotion to the Politburo for each province which is calculated using the Politburo membership representation from 1997 (the 15th NCCCP) to 2007 (the 17th NCCCP). For each NCCCP, one province gets one point for an incumbent Politburo member who was working or was working as the party secretary, governor or both. We measure this variable with the average score per NCCCP for each province. (A similar index was developed in Liang and Langbein, 2015 ).

Research on the Land Circulation Patterns from the Angle of Farmer Sustainable Earnings

In this paper, we conduct research on the land circulation patterns from the angle of farmer sustainable earnings. Rural land circulation system innovation of local government, rural collective economic organizations, ordinary farmers and agricultural scale operators have different interests and behavior trend, its form and the effect depends on the result of the game each participation main body interaction. Rural land circulation system innovation each participation main body and its behavior characteristics influenced by political and economic environment and institutional constraints. Under this basis, we propose new perspective of farmer sustainable earnings based land circulation patterns that will promote the development of the related industry.

Innovation of Local Government in Creating Conducive Investment Climate (Study in Lamongan Regency)

Local government needs innovation to solve public problems, one of them is investment climate. The problems related to investment climate include no security and weak rule of law, lack of infrastructure, las well as ong and complicated bureaucracy. Lamongan Regency is trying to create innovative programs to solve investment problems. Those innovations include Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2015 and Regent Decree number 23 of 2015, proactive service, fast service package, SMS Gateway, facilitation of land acquisition and gathering with investors. Through these various innovations, Lamongan government was awarded as East Java Investment Award 2015 from the Governor of East Java, with first honors for the category of investment performance.

Structural restraints and institutional innovation in local governance: a case study of administrative examination and approval system reforms in Shunde, Ningbo, and Taizhou

In the governance system under China’s unitary administration model, local governments not only have to undertake the overall administration responsibility for the regional development and stability, but also have to accept the professional and functional supervision of various departments of the central government. This compartmentalized management system creates an objective structural constraint on the system innovation of local governments. In a governmental administrative system where the two contrasting logical notions of hierarchical authority (known as a ‘kuai’) and administration based on function (known as a ‘tiao’) are combined, the biggest obstacle to the system innovation in local governance is protecting the interests of various internal departments under the ‘dual leadership’. To make a breakthrough in the systematic protectionism of interests, local leaders with keen determination to reform the governance system must take active initiatives, acquire more political resources, and give full play to new creative forces in order to implement corresponding system innovation in local governance.

Conflict or synergy? Understanding interaction between municipalities and village commons (regole) in polycentric governance of mountain areas in the Veneto Region, Italy

A particular challenge for mountainous areas in Italy is the definition of suitable governance models for local resources. Several solutions have been proposed over time, resulting in the co-existence of a number of decision-making centers. A crucial role is played by municipalities, but, in recent years, village commons – regola (singular) / regole (plural) in the local language – have been re-constituted as institutions with local power. In this dynamic context, little is known on how municipalities and regole interact. This paper aims at improving the understanding of local governance of mountain areas in the Veneto Region, from the viewpoint of municipalities, which represent the political, legal and administrative authority. The analysis is grounded in the polycentric governance literature, especially crucial in drawing attention to level and extent of cooperation, trustworthiness, mutual learning and effort for adaptation. Tensions, conflicts and conflict-resolution mechanisms were also assessed. We carried out a survey of 14 municipalities containing regole within their administrative jurisdictions. The results of our work provide evidence that this relationship is mostly a synergistic one. Municipalities showed adaptive capacity in mirroring values and views of the regole and proved willing to share responsibilities. Their decisions were formulated whilst taking into account the need for creating the appropriate linkages with local communities. Where conflicts or discontent have emerged, they have been mostly resolved, or considered as reflecting a need for greater coordination. This outcome can be looked upon as a local polycentric governance innovation that so far has only partially received policy support at the regional level. We conclude that municipalities will continue to play a central role in regulation of local-level socio-economic dynamics, remaining the institutional reference point for mountainous areas in the Veneto Region.

Analysing the environmental antecedents of innovation adoption among politicians and public managers

ABSTRACTThis study presents evidence on public innovation from the perspectives of politicians and public managers. Environmental antecedents are analysed with regard to their impact on innovation adoption. Data are drawn from a survey of over 600 mayors and managers in Austrian local government. Results show that they identify the same innovation types but indicate different antecedents of innovation adoption. Findings for managers are broadly in line with results from larger jurisdictions. Since there are crucial dissimilarities in the factors explaining the adoption of innovation, we suggest that politicians and managers both be included in future studies of local government innovation.

Jessica C. Teets and William Hurst, eds., Local Governance Innovation in China : Experimentation, Diffusion, and Defiance

Jessica C. Teets and William Hurst, eds., Local Governance Innovation in China : Experimentation, Diffusion, and Defiance

Fiscal Austerity and Innovation in Local Governance in Europe

In 2007, when the consequences of the financial breakdown where barely visible, no one could foresee the consequences of those economic turmoils for the European Union (EU). Even today the full effects of the crisis remain unclear and comprehensive analysis are hardly feasible. Specific empirical research on a smaller scale such as regional studies are hence extremely important. The political scientists Carlos Nunes Silva and Jan Bucek have edited the volume Fiscal Austerity and innovation in local Governance in Europe in order to provide such an empiric compilation. This article provides a review of the edited volume. After sketching the foundations of European regional politics and discussing the central aspects of Europe's regional agenda, the book's content is critically revised and discussed. The disciplinary array of the volume's articles ranges from urban studies, policy analysis and regional studies to jurisprudential articles. While a critical revision is at the core of the review, the content of each chapter is only briefly presented. The value of the reviewed volume lies in its rich, topical and informing content, but the lack of analytic sharpness of the framing chapters made a critical discussion of the volume necessary. While the editors of the volume suggest that the crisis has deeply impacted European politics and somehow transformed its core values, they are not concerned enough about the quality of this transformation. The emergence of anti-libertarian, socially regressive and politically narrowing policy agendas remain notes in the margin. While those weaknesses may create a wrong impression about the effects of the European crisis, a critical revision of the volume fosters new insights on the subject matter and elucidates new starting-points for further research. From this perspective the volume provides a rich content of diverse articles, which enable further examination of the subject. This article provides the reader with several approaches towards regional policies in the EU.