Innovation In Area Research Articles

Уязвимость культурных кодов как угроза существования цивилизации

The article deals with the consequences of the vulnerability of cultural codes as an actual threat to the existence of human civilization with the uncontrolled and unreasonable use of artificial intelligence. Positive as well as negative options for the interaction of artificial intelligence with cultural codes that level the understanding of the basic universals of human behavior, communication, and activity are analyzed. The influence of the human factor on the use of acquired skills by strong artificial intelligence in non-standard conditions, the responsibility of a particular specialist for the quality and quantity of input data under the influence of his gender, confessional, national, racial, cultural and linguistic characteristics, leading the system to erroneous actions and conclusions, are investigated. The negative consequences of an uncritical perception of reality, the inability of a modern person to distinguish content from fakes that are becoming massive, replacing the existing reality, used for unseemly and criminal purposes are considered. The necessity of state regulation of the ethical behavior of business engaged in the development and implementation of artificial intelligence technologies, the establishment of ethical behavior standards in this innovative area, the signing of the Code of Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, adopted by representatives of leading domestic companies, are substantiated. The practical implementation of the areas of training of highly qualified IT specialists presented in it at universities, the system of additional education with the acquisition of demanded professions of specialists in data analysis and processing, ensuring the operation of corporate information systems, data analysis in the field of education, programmers, including at the Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov.

Measuring success: Evaluating the business model of rural mini-grid ecosystems

In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the challenge of widespread electricity access, especially in rural areas, persists, with approximately half the population lacking basic electricity services. To tackle this issue, decentralized energy resource (DER) technologies, including solar home systems and micro/mini-grids, have gained prominence, aiming to revolutionize the SSA energy landscape. This paper aims to introduce a framework for evaluating business models in the context of rural mini-grid ecosystems. Conventionally, developers of rural mini-grids are responsible for all aspects of the project, from conception to operation and maintenance. However, with the emergence of new private sector facilitators, value creation in this ecosystem has become more complex. As multiple stakeholders apply different business models and patterns to create and capture value, evaluating the efficacy of these models is critical. The evaluation framework presented in this paper draws upon various business model theories and evaluation approaches and includes indicators for assessing performance. To demonstrate the framework's usefulness, we applied it to six companies currently operating in rural mini-grid projects in Africa. Consistent evaluation of these business models is essential for adapting to changing conditions, identifying areas for innovation, and sustaining competitiveness, furthering the field of business model assessment. By bridging this gap between business model evaluation methodologies and rural electrification studies, this paper contributes to understanding the transformative effects of mini-grid projects, extending beyond traditional energy access metrics.

Research on Green Technology Innovation in Manufacturing Firms from ESG Perspective

This study investigates the research of manufacturing enterprises in green technology innovation from the ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) perspective. Green technology innovation is one of the key factors to promote enterprises to realize environmentally sustainable development. Based on previous research on: first, manufacturing companies should conduct environmental impact assessment and management to assess the environmental impact of product life cycle and take measures to reduce the negative impact. Second, renewable energy applications are an important direction for green technology innovation, and manufacturing companies can shift to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind to reduce their dependence on traditional energy sources. Third, circular economy and product design are also the focus of research, through product design to reduce resource use and waste, and introduce the concept of circular economy to promote the recycling of materials and energy. Fourth, supply chain sustainability is also a key area of green technology innovation, where manufacturing companies need to consider aspects such as partner selection, raw material sourcing and transportation to ensure a sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chain. Finally, data-driven and smart manufacturing can optimize the production process through the application of technologies such as data analytics and artificial intelligence to improve resource utilization efficiency and energy consumption efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions and waste generation.

An in-depth analysis of how strain impacts the electronic, optical, and output performance of the Ca3NI3 novel inorganic halide perovskite

The incredible optical, structural, and electronic behaviors of inorganic type perovskite compounds have recently attracted considerable interest in the area of solar innovation. This study thoroughly investigated how it affects both tensile and compressive strain on the physical, optical, as well as electronic behaviors that exist in the cubic inorganic Ca3NI3 perovskite using FP-DFT, or first-principles density functional theory. The planar structure of the unstrained Ca3NI3 molecule at the location revealed a direct bandgap of 1.077 eV/1.61 eV using the PBE/HSE technique. The bandgap of the Ca3NI3 perovskite was reduced to 0.827 eV by taking into account the impact of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Additionally, the bandgap of the framework showed a tendency to decrease under compressive pressure (0.932 eV in −4% strain) and slightly increase under tensile strain (1.187 eV in +4 % strain). According to an analysis of the band characteristics, visible light can be significantly absorbed by the substance as shown by optical parameters like absorption coefficients, reflectivity, dielectric functions, and electron loss functions. The static dielectric constant, ε1(0) of Ca3NI3 is 6.96, the location of the initial critical point in, ɛ2(ω) is 1.07 eV, the energy range of the large absorption peak is 7.2–7.6 eV, peak location of loss function is 8.7–9.3 eV and reflectivity at 0 eV is 4.8. The Ca3NI3 dielectric constant spikes shifted to lower photon energy as a result of a redshift brought on by an increase in compressive strain. On the other hand, as tensile strain increased, the material showed a blue shift, resulting in an increase in photon energy. Finally, using the SCAPS-1D simulator, the photovoltaic (PV) performance of novel Ca3NI3 absorber-based cell architectures with SnS2 as the Electron Transport Layer (ETL) was thoroughly examined under varied compressive and tensile strain. The greatest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was found to be 31.35 % with JSC of 39.43 mA/cm2, FF of 85.47 %, VOC of 0.9301 V for maximum 4 % tensile strain. These findings suggest that the Ca3NI3 perovskite may be suitable for solar cell applications including energy production and light management in near future.

Innovative development of Ukraine in the context of European integration processes

The article emphasises the importance of European integration for Ukraine, which is positioned as a key step towards approximation to European standards, gaining access to new markets and stimulating economic development. The relevance of the topic is substantiated by the transformational potential of innovations in combination with European integration for the future of Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to analyse the current state of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the innovation sphere and, on this basis, to propose strategies for creating favourable organisational and institutional conditions that would accelerate Ukraine's integration into the European innovation space. The study uses general scientific methods, including systematic analysis, structural analysis, historical and logical method, scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, and systematic generalisation. The article analyses the innovation sector in Ukraine and identifies the challenges that hinder its development: insufficient funding and investment in innovation, lack of effective mechanisms to support start-ups, and an education system that does not give due priority to innovation. The positive impact of European integration on innovation development in Ukraine is highlighted. The author proposes directions for the development of the innovation sector in Ukraine, which focus on strengthening cooperation between business, science and government, developing infrastructure to support innovation and creating incentives for investment in innovation projects. The results of this study are of practical importance for the formation and implementation of a set of organisational and institutional measures that will accelerate the pace of Ukraine's integration into the European Innovation Area

Sustainable organizations: conceptions and attributes

The article has as its object of study micro, small and medium-sized industrial and service companies. The objective was to analyze the dimensions, components of technological capacity and management technologies, as innovative attributes of organizational sustainability. It investigated in micro, small and medium-sized companies “which technical and managerial attributes are suitable for innovation and organizational sustainability?”. Specifically, what is the relationship between technological capabilities and management technologies allied to entrepreneurship, with organizational sustainability and sustainable development?" In the method, research in the literature and field in the universe of 1,758 micro, small and medium industrial, and 15,112 micro and small industrial and service companies, with a stratified random sample and accessibility. In theoretical and methodological contributions, the study points to an advance for the academic community in the areas of innovation, technologies and empirical research for organizations. In social and managerial contributions, the application of technological capacity and management technologies in micro, small and medium-sized companies generate perspectives for sustainable managerial and social development. Among the main results, the literature and empirical, the analysis presented here suggests that predictable dimensions, competencies and technological capabilities, combined with appropriate management technologies, are prominent attributes in evaluating innovative and sustainable organizational structures that lead to economic and social development.

The Promotion of Green Technology Innovation by the Growth of Digital Finance in China: An Analysis from the Viewpoint of Investment and Financing

The Chinese economy is at a crucial turning point of high-quality development and transformation. The advancement of the economic structure and the promotion of green economic development will be accelerated with the establishment of a new development model with green technological innovation at its core. Innovation in green technology has always been strongly influenced by financial development. There are now several advantages that digital financial services offers over traditional finance, opening up new avenues for the advancement of green technology. As a critical factor affecting the technological development in green innovation, investment and funding status of businesses is essential, directly affecting the operation of the financial system in the whole area of green innovation and determining the speed and quality of the advancement of Chinas green technology. In order to discuss digital finances specific role in alleviating financial constraints and promoting green investment, this article principally examines, from the viewpoints of investment and financing, the impacts of China's digital finance growth ongreen technologies.

Hybrid Bonding for the Next Generation of High -Performance Devices

The electronics industry continues to pursue optimal performance for the insatiable consumer demand of computation intensive products like GPUs, CPUs and AI accelerators. While the monolithic system on chip approach promises exceptional performance, it is costly. The advanced packaging industry has responded to the challenge with 2.5D and 3D integration solutions that bridge the performance gap with heterogeneous integration. Hybrid bonding combined with chiplet architectures within 2.5D will enable the distribution of function and nodes across a chips within a module, providing a path toward more flexible product introduction and innovation. The design and manufacturing of chip-to chip-communication is complex and has some technology dependencies. One technology limitation in realizing a monolithic performance with heterogeneous integration is solder interconnect scalability. Hybrid bonding is a revolutionary platform technology that solves the interconnect scalability problem and delivers enhance performance compared to the conventional Cu microbump. The Direct Bond Interconnect (DBI®), more generally known as hybrid bonding, offers a performance boost that enables novel 3D architectures via disaggregation and chiplet implementation, in spite Moore’s law slowing. The efficient interconnect between circuit functions at the wafer, die and package level, will fuel semiconductor company roadmaps for decades. The performance advantages, ease of integration of such a hybrid interconnect will be discussed in chip to wafer and chip to chip applications. The key areas of innovation anticipated to proliferate the technology within the entire advanced packaging supply chain will be presented.

A Community-Based, Mobile Electronic Medical Record System App for High-Quality, Integrated Antiretroviral Therapy in Lilongwe, Malawi: Design Process and Pilot Implementation.

Differentiated service delivery (DSD) increases antiretroviral therapy (ART) access in sub-Saharan Africa by moving clients out of congested ART clinics to communities for care. However, DSD settings challenge provider adherence to complex, chronic care treatment guidelines and have burdensome systems for client monitoring and evaluation (M&E), reducing data for decision-making. Electronic medical record systems (EMRS) improve client outcomes and reduce M&E workload. Traditional EMRS cannot operate in most DSD settings with unreliable power and poor connectivity. This study aims to detail the human-centered design (HCD) process of developing a mobile EMRS for community-based DSD services in Lilongwe, Malawi. Lighthouse Trust (LT) operates 2 Ministry of Health (MoH) clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi, with a combined total of >35,000 ART clients. LT's real-time, point-of-care EMRS collects complex client M&E data and provides decision-making support, ensuring adherence to integrated HIV and tuberculosis guidelines that optimize client and program outcomes. LT's EMRS scaled to all large MoH ART clinics. LT also implements a nurse-led community-based ART program (NCAP), a DSD model to provide ART and rapid assessment for 2400 stable LT clients in the community. LT, alongside collaborators, from the University of Washington's International Training and Education Center for Health and technology partner, Medic, used the open-source Community Health Toolkit (CHT) and HCD to develop an open-source, offline-first, mobile EMRS-like app, "community-based ART retention and suppression" (CARES). CARES aims to bring EMRS-like provider benefits to NCAP's DSD clients. CARES design took approximately 12 months and used an iterative process of highly participatory feedback sessions with provider, data manager, and M&E team inputs to ensure CARES optimization for the NCAP and LT settings. The CARES mobile EMRS prototype supports NCAP providers with embedded prompts and alerts to ensure adherence to integrated MoH ART guidelines, aiming to improve the quality of client care. CARES facilitates improved data quality and flow for NCAP M&E, aiming to reduce data gaps between community and clinic settings. The CARES pilot demonstrates the potential of a mobile, point-of-care EMRS-like app that could benefit NCAP clients, providers, and program teams with integrated client care and complete M&E data for decision-making. CARES challenges include app speed, search features to align longitudinal records, and CARES to EMRS integration that supports timely care alerts. Leveraging the CHT and HCD processes facilitated the design of a locally specified and optimized mobile app with the promise to bring EMRS-like benefits to DSD settings. Moving from the CARES prototype to routine NCAP implementation should result in improved client care and strengthened M&E while reducing workload. Our transparent and descriptive process shares the progress and pitfalls of the CARES design and development, helping others in this digital innovation area to learn from our experiences at this stage.

SƏNAYE MÜƏSSİSƏLƏRİNİN İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİNDƏ İNNOVASİYA VƏ İNNOVATİV TEXNOLOGİYALARIN ROLU

SƏNAYE MÜƏSSİSƏLƏRİNİN İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİNDƏ İNNOVASİYA VƏ İNNOVATİV TEXNOLOGİYALARIN ROLU

Approval and therapeutic value of gene therapies in the US and Europe.

Gene therapies are a fast-growing area of innovation and hold promise for the treatment of many diseases currently with unmet medical need. To better understand the clinical importance of the current landscape of approved gene therapies, we conducted a systematic analysis of the approved gene therapies and their addedtherapeutic value. Through December 2022, 13 gene therapies have been approved in the US, 15 in the EU, and 9 in Switzerland. Nine gene therapies have been approved in all three jurisdictions, and 11 in both the US and EU. Among the 11 gene therapies approved in more than one jurisdiction, there were differences in the approved indications among the regulatory agencies, mostly the European drug agencies (EMA and Swissmedic) being more restrictive. Among the gene therapies with available therapeutic ratings, approximately two-thirds had high added therapeutic value, which is substantially higher than the average prevalence of high added therapeutic value ratings among new drugs and biologics (approximately one-third). However, therapies with high added therapeutic value will not be useful for patients if excessive prices limit access to them. Drug pricing reforms should address gene therapies to ensure access to new gene therapies that can offer important therapeutic value to patients.

Flow diversion: a disruptive technology coming of age. Lessons learned and challenges for the future.

Intracranial aneurysm treatment has been revolutionized over the last decade with the development of flow diversion technology. The use of this technology has evolved rapidly and has proven that cerebrovascular disease treatment remains one of the forefront innovation areas in neurosurgery. The good results on the treatment of internal carotid artery aneurysms up to the communicating segment have motivated the use of flow diversion beyond the circle of Willis and in the posterior circulation. Further advances and innovations of flow-diverting devices are underway and intended to improve the safety and efficacy of this therapy. This review article provides a detailed discussion about the origin, mechanism of action, initial experience, complications, types of devices, and future perspectives of flow diversion technology.

Agricultural Bio-Inputs as an Innovative Area of Opportunity for Agro-Industrial Growth in Developing Countries: Lessons from Argentina

Technology-based innovations in the bio-economy are expected to provide new market opportunities for agro-industrial growth in developing countries. This study explores how domestic entrepreneurs have been benefiting from the growing global demand for sustainable agribusiness by establishing themselves in the agricultural bio-inputs sector. Aiming to explore how developing countries can build agro-industrial capabilities that go beyond farming, a case study was conducted in Argentina giving the country’s large domestic market for agricultural inputs. The assessment was based on official data and a survey conducted with a sample of 14 Argentinean companies. Results revealed a growing number of domestic companies in the bio-inputs market, which accounted for 74% of the total number of companies by 2022. Contextual aspects that favored domestic players include private investments by local entrepreneurs, the use of locally available technologies, support from public innovation centers and assertive market strategies. Principal component analysis revealed different business models, which include companies focusing on the development of new products, companies with professional industrial plants for large-scale production and companies with a strong marketing component reaching out to farmers. The global growth of sustainable bio-based agricultural production offers areas of opportunities for domestic investments in cleaner agro-industrial sectors that go beyond the primary production of commodities and can build industrial capabilities in developing countries.

DECOUPLING FROM LAND OR EXTENDING THE VIEW: DIVERGENT SPATIAL IMAGINARIES OF AGRI-FOOD TECH

ABSTRACT Beginning around 2013, an agri-food tech sector coalesced, proffering countless technologies that promise a more sustainable food future. Yet exactly what that future looks like varies dramatically within the sector. Based on an intensive study of this sector, we examine two paradigmatic areas of innovation—alternative protein and digital agriculture—showing how the environmental promises of each translate into very different ideal uses of space. The spatial imaginary underpinning much protein innovation is contained, aiming to bring as much production as possible into highly delimited spaces, whereas the spatial imaginary of digital agriculture is expansive, facilitating farm management at a scale far beyond what a farmer can directly experience. Such divergent technological trajectories, we argue, have always existed in food and agriculture, but they are now incongruously paired within the agri-food tech sector. In addition to being contradictory in their own terms, both wrongly conflate a spatial imaginary with socio-environmental improvement.

Development and evaluation of the Rural and Northern Community Focused Model of COPD Care (RaNCoM)

BackgroundThe prevalence of COPD continues to rise. To address the challenges to provide high quality COPD care in rural and northern communities, leaders in one rural and northern community in Western Canada sought to change the culture of COPD screening and care. Recognizing effective assessment, diagnosis, and treatment for patients with COPD are crucial to improve outcomes, a program was developed between 2012 and 2021 to enhance primary care for COPD patients.MethodsA process evaluation was undertaken to assess program development, implementation, mechanisms of impact, and context of COPD program. Qualitative thematic analysis of stakeholder interviews (n = 11) and a document review (n = 60; ~ 500 pages) of key clinic documents was conducted.ResultsWe describe five phases of the COPD program’s development (Survive; Reorganize and Stabilize; Assess and Respond; Build and Refine; and Sustain and Share), highlighting areas of innovation. Outreach and localizing resources improved access to the program. Acquiring secured physician compensation, capturing quality data, and improving patient and provider self-efficacy built the capacity of the system and stakeholders within it. Finally, relationships were forged through building an integrated facility, collaborative networking, and patient engagement. Key elements of program implementation included the resources (infrastructure, software, operational) required to ensure operation.ConclusionTeam-based care and service integration enhanced care capacity and the health network. Focused use of infrastructure and resources supported the people in the care system. Upholding a shared value of relationship is critical to deliver robust and sustainable rural healthcare. Quality improvement requires investment in rural community healthcare resources.

Nanopore sequencing for malaria molecular surveillance: opportunities and challenges

Nanopore-based sequencing platforms offer the potential for affordable malaria molecular surveillance (MMS) in resource-limited settings to track and ultimately counteract emerging threats, such as drug resistance and diagnostic escape. Here, we discuss opportunities and challenges to implementing MMS using nanopore sequencing, highlighting priority areas for technical development and innovation.

Public–private partnerships in fostering outer space innovations

As public and private institutions recognize the role of space exploration as a catalyst for economic growth, various areas of innovation are expected to emerge as drivers of the space economy. These include space transportation, in-space manufacturing, bioproduction, in-space agriculture, nuclear launch, and propulsion systems, as well as satellite services and their maintenance. However, the current nature of space as an open-access resource and global commons presents a systemic risk for exuberant competition for space goods and services, which may result in a “tragedy of the commons” dilemma. In the race among countries to capture the value of space exploration, NASA, American research universities, and private companies can avoid any coordination failures by collaborating in a public–private research and development partnership (PPRDP) structure. We present such a structure founded upon the principles of polycentric autonomous governance, which incorporate a decentralized autonomous organization framework and specialized research clusters. By advancing an alignment of incentives among the specified participatory members, PPRDPs can play a pivotal role in stimulating open-source research by creating positive knowledge spillover effects and agglomeration externalities as well as embracing the nonlinear decomposition paradigm that may blur the distinction between basic and applied research.

Utilizing Digital Technology for Chatbot Innovation for E-Business

Over the past few years, chatbot research has accelerated. The performance, acceptance, and deployment of these tools for internal team communication or customer communication are the subject of research by academics and practitioners. Although there are a ton of current studies available, not all of them discuss the implications of Chatbots for digital business transformation. The primary goal of the research discussed in this paper was to conduct a systematic review of Chatbots, identify their function in the transformation of digital businesses, and identify the areas that need more research, benefits, and the gap areas for innovation of the Chatbots for E-business using the technology.

Gymnastics, innovation and technological development: an intellectual property perspective

Intellectual property can be conceptualized as the branch of private law that regulates legal relations directed at intellectual production, particularly the interests of authors, inventors and/or those created in their productions, both in material and moral aspects. The concern of this study is to know whether gymnastics stimulates the production of technology and technological development, to investigate whether this sport goes beyond sporting elements, and to present a new perspective on gymnastics and its social contributions. Following the principles of documentary research, the technique of document analysis was applied to systematize and construct the principles of the present study. Initially, it was necessary to carry out a bibliographical survey to provide theoretical depth on the topic: Intellectual property and gymnastics. Having some results that gymnastics has elements for technological development, being an area of production and technological innovation, in addition to stimulating and attracting the attention of researchers, inventors and technology creators.

State and prospects of fish processing technologies

The fishing industry plays a significant role in ensuring food security and nutrition of the world's population. Therefore, analysing the trends in the flourishing of aquaculture and natural fisheries, the specifics of the use of raw materials for food, the degree of provision of the population with these products and new processing technologies is an urgent task to determine the priority areas for improving the nutritional and biological value of aquaculture products, taking into account modern nutrition recommendations. The purpose of the study was to investigate the current state of the fish industry, innovative areas of aquatic products manufacturing to identify promising areas of fish and seafood technology. The study was conducted using a comparative analysis of scientific works by domestic and foreign scientists published in the Scopus, Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports, Scimago Journal & Country Rank, and Google Scholar databases. The analysis of the information shows an increase in the catch of aquatic organisms in the world, and in recent years, the total catch has amounted to more than 177.80 million tonnes. For food purposes, 157.40 million tonnes were used, with an annual consumption of 20.2 kg per person. The mass share of Ukraine in the total volume of fish products in the world is 0.2%. Ukraine is importdependent in terms of aquatic organisms. The latest technologies for processing fish products are related to the development of methods for assessing the quality of raw materials and products, the creation of low-waste technologies for the extraction of biologically active compounds and the formation of multicomponent food products based on plant and animal raw materials, and the use of biotechnological and physical methods to improve product quality. The involvement of a new raw material object, the freshwater toothless mollusk, for food purposes has been noted, and many culinary recipes from this species with additives of plant materials have been developed. However, there is a lack of research in the area of improving the technologies and formulation composition of fish pastes, which will make it possible to formulate food products with specified properties of biological value to meet human needs. The practical significance of the analysis is to identify promising trends in aquaculture technologies, taking into account Ukraine's own raw material base