Innate Talent Research Articles

PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS OF EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE PHILOSOPHY OF PRAGMATISME AND IMPLICATIONS IN LEARNING METHOD

<p align="center"><em>The writing of this article aims to reveal the philosophical basis of education according to the philosophy of pragmatism. </em><em>It also reveals the influence of pragmatism in educational thinking, especially in the method of learning. Pragmatism as one of the educational concepts born in America, provides solutions to educational problems that in their view can not be solved traditional philosophy. Pragmatism tries to reconstruct more practical and down-to-earth educational practices, not long-winded in the metaphysical discussion of things. n practice, pragmatism emphasizes that the foundation of education is experience. Knowledge gained by humans comes from experience, not from innate talent. Truth in the view of pragmatism is a practical consequence. Education in schools according to pragmatism is a place for learners to gain experience as well as experience gained outside school. Education according to pragmatism should also take into account changes in society, because that is where students will return. Learning given to learners does not emphasize systematic teaching materials, but experiences and ways to process them. Problem solving and democracy are the main principles in learning according to pragmatism. By relying on problem solving and democratic, learners will be able to capture and process and formulate the results of his experience well.</em></p>

Fixed and growth mindsets in physics graduate admissions

An emphasis on innate talent in graduate admissions may be limiting the diversity of admitted students.

Effects of grit on academic achievement and career-related attitudes of college students in Korea

Researchers have found that outstanding performance entails not only innate talent but also focused practice and effort over time. Because college students must simultaneously strive for academic achievement and prepare for a future career, we tested 253 students to examine the effects of grit and deliberate practice on academic achievement and career attitudes in a Korean context. Results showed that grit was associated with higher grades, and that this relationship was mediated by deliberate practice. Grit was a significant predictor of career preparation behavior and major–career relatedness when academic year and the Big Five personality characteristics were controlled for. With this study, we have contributed to the expertise literature by clarifying how grit influences college students' academic achievement and career-related attitudes.

Mirror Images: Exploring the Strengths of Two Olympic Gold-Medal Athletes

When the sport of softball was eliminated from Olympic competition after the 2008 Games, the worldwide softball community grieved. After a 12-year sabbatical, the International Olympic Committee announced the sport would return for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. The USA Softball Women’s National Team is the most decorated program in the world, winning three consecutive Olympic Gold Medals (1996, 2000, 2004), eight Pan American Championships, and 10 World Championships. In World Championship play, the USA has amassed a lifetime record of 142–13 (USA Softball, 2017b). The purpose of this study was to explore how two of the most successful Olympic athletes in USA softball history used their innate talents and strengths in the way they approached their sport. Using a mixed-method, exploratory qualitative approach, the two Olympians were invited to take the Clifton StrengthsFinder® and asked to share their perceptions of the assessment and how it relates to their athletic experience. Although the Clifton StrengthsFinder® has been utilized by more than 16.3 million people across the world (Gallup Strengths Center, 2017), this is the first research study conducted to explore the potential similarities and differences in the Clifton StrengthsFinder® results of two Gold-medal Olympic athletes.

Grounding the ‘auto-intoxicated’ Romantic poet: A socio-material theory of poetic praxis

This paper engages with the archetype of the ‘auto-intoxicated’ lyrical poet (Moffitt 2005: 34) associated with the Romantic tradition. The archetype is of interest because it continues to inform theories of creativity, including in the discipline of psychology, where studies examine character traits or cognitive processes as if creativity resides in distinctive patterns of thinking alone. It is also present in creative-writing classrooms that insist on their role in cultivating an innate talent and unique voice. Following a socio-material approach to creativity, this paper argues that creativity must be understood in a broader context that extends beyond the paradigm of the special individual. This necessitates considering both the creative practitioner’s embodiment within a social or institutional network and also the affordances and constraints of creative materials, which are themselves enacted within social and cultural frameworks. This paper focuses on the generative agency of materials or media when it comes to poiesis. The goal is to provide a more rigorous understanding of poetic creativity and to lay the foundation for a way of teaching poetry that better serves contemporary apprentices in the craft, particularly in a time of medial change.

Information control in reputational cheap talk

An evaluator estimates as precisely as possible the innate talent of a careerist expert by observing the expert's performance in a prediction task, and has the ability to interfere with the expert's private signal by affecting its precision. The expert on the other hand knows her talent, observes this interference and can misrepresent private beliefs through strategic predictions to enhance her reputation. We show that when priors are significantly uninformative so that the task is a priori hard, the evaluator reduces the precision of the expert's signal, while when priors are significantly informative, he enhances it. We also find that the evaluator's objectives of maximising the precision of information about talent and maximising the probability of ‘truthful expert advice’ in the given task are aligned in and only in a priori hard tasks. We discuss implications of these results for market research decisions by a monopolist facing uncertain demand.

Amiable Scoundrel: Simon Cameron, Lincoln's Scandalous Secretary of War

Amiable Scoundrel: Simon Cameron, Lincoln's Scandalous Secretary of War

Don't Cover Me: Analyst Innate Ability and Insider Trading

This paper employs a novel measure of sell-side financial analyst innate ability or natural talent and explores its effects on insider trading. When a firm is covered by high-ability analysts, we find significantly less insider trading prior to positive earnings news, but not prior to negative earnings news. The results mostly reside in opportunistic trades by insiders rather than routine trades. When a firm is initially covered by an analyst, we find decreased subsequent insider trading prior to earnings news and the change in subsequent insider trading is also strongly associated with analyst innate ability. We also document an association between analyst ability and insider trading profitability. Overall, our results suggest that (1) high-ability analysts contribute more than lowability analysts to a firm’s information environment and reduce both the intensity and the profitability of insider trading; and (2) high-ability analysts may help impound firm-specific information possessed by corporate insiders. Unscrupulous insiders attempting to expropriate profits from their trades may prefer to not be covered by high-ability analysts.

Skeletal maturation status is more strongly associated with academy selection than birth quarter

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Selection of younger athletes for advanced training in elite sport is assumed to be based on identification of innate talent. Previous researchers have identified relative age effects to influence these selection processes; however, maturation status and skeletal age effects, which have the potential to be a greater influence, have not been widely examined.Methods: Skeletal age (categorising athletes as: early maturing, on time, or late maturing via wrist and hand X-ray and Fels classification) and birth quarter are documented for 472 boys from Elite Youth football academies and compared to reference normative data to assess their effect on academy selection.Results: It is seen that maturation status has a much stronger influence – approximately 10-fold – on selection with a systematic over-representation of early maturing athletes in elite football academies, an effect that increases with age.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that athletes are being chosen in large by their maturation status, and as this relative benefit will have disappeared once all athletes are skeletally mature, this process is inadvertently excluding the majority of potential candidate athletes from this selection process. We suggest that consideration of maturation status of candidate athletes will result in a more equitable exposure to advanced training and the resultant performance benefits this incur.

Childhood Antecedents and Maintaining Factors in Maladaptive Daydreaming.

This study explored the fantasy activity of 16 individuals who were seeking online peer-support and advice for maladaptive daydreaming (MD). MD is an under-researched mental activity described as persistent vivid fantasy activity that replaces human interaction and/or interferes with important areas of functioning. We employed a grounded theory methodology that yielded seven common themes presented as a sequential descriptive narrative about the nature, precursors, and consequences of MD. The presented "storyline" included the following themes: (1) daydreaming as an innate talent for vivid fantasy; (2) daydreaming and social isolation-a two-way street; (3) the role of trauma in the development of MD; (4) the rewards of daydreaming; (5) the insatiable yearning for daydreaming; (6) shame and concealment; (7) unsuccessful treatment attempts. A main conclusion of our study is that there is an urgent need for early identification of MD and its correct diagnoses in adulthood.

THE CONCEPT OF DETERMINISM AND FREE WILL IN RUMI’S VIEW WITH A GLANCE TOWARDS PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

Determinism and free will and its effect on human’s destiny have been always one of the challenging issues in history. Scholars and scientists from different types of human sciences have presented different theories and hypotheses regarding this subject. Persian Literature has many works done in the related scope in its repertoire. One of the major works throughout which this subject has been discussed is Rumi’s Masnavi. When he looks at personal-social life of man, he cannot admit the possibility of man’s perfection and his personality without the existence of free will, on the other hand he considers determinism indicative of causal laws completely false and idiotic. But according to the verse (he is with you wherever you are) he accepts the deterministic relationship between the creator and the creature (companionship) as a grandeur determinism. In psychology as well, the admittance or refusal of determinism is quite effective in human’s fate. Psychology has given a variety of theories regarding this subject in its different schools such as humanism in which the self-realization and the burgeoning of innate talents and potentialities of man are known as self-actualization and is the focal point of the school and man is known as a being with a free will. Rumi’s mystical approach regarding man’ determinism and free will is an integration of God’s and man’s will. Determinism in his view is the sheer meaning of God’s companionship and merging the follower’s will in the will of God And his fact mentioned by Rumi is what today psychologists call self-actualization or the full realization of real self that undoubtedly will be feasible only by having a free will. This article is adapted from the author's research report titled semantics studies of Masnavi’s educational concepts with a look at the philosophy, mysticism and psychology which is compiled based on library research method, making interviews and co-operation with university professors and its aim is describing the issue of determinism and free will from Rumi’s point of view and drawing a brief comparison between his approach and the perspective adopted by western and Muslim psychology schools; the other objectives of the paper to be mentioned are as follows: today generation’s familiarity with the rich national and religious culture in literature, reaching self-belief relying on our ancestors’ achievements and thoughts, reinforcement of utilization of such a huge cultural heritage and freedom from moral and ethical digression.

DISCRIMINAÇÃO PRIVADA E O SEGUNDO PRINCÍPIO DA JUSTIÇA DE RAWLS

RESUMO O artigo examina se há alguma incompatibilidade entre práticas de discriminação privada (por exemplo, a discriminação no emprego e em associações, como clubes) e as duas partes do segundo princípio da justiça de Rawls, o princípio da equitativa igualdade de oportunidades (PEIO) e o princípio da diferença (PD). Argumento que a discriminação no trabalho e em outras áreas importantes para o desenvolvimento das aptidões inatas (como a educação e a saúde) somente atenta contra o PEIO quando tem como efeito geral o de tornar substancialmente desiguais as chances de cidadãos com similares aptidões inatas e motivação exercerem determinadas ocupações. Comento também algumas dificuldades para considerar vedados pelo PEIO dois casos comuns de discriminação, a discriminação baseada em qualidade de reação e a discriminação por indicadores. Em relação ao PD, defendo que a proibição à discriminação privada se relaciona ao bem primário das bases sociais do autorrespeito e está circunscrita aos casos de discriminação degradante, como tal entendida, de acordo com Hellman (2008), aquela cujo sentido expressivo é o de negar o igual status moral das pessoas pertencentes a um certo grupo.

Repensar la identidad artista-investigadora, desde el proyecto “Diálogos con mujeres artistas docentes”

El cuestionamiento sobre la identidad y los diversos roles que los artistas han comenzado a explorar, desde el siglo pasado, son aspectos fundamentales en este artículo. Hoy es difícil seguir hablando del artista como individuo de talento innato que trabaja aislado en su taller, sino que los diversos efectos sociales, políticos y culturales, han trasladado a los artistas a ser parte del mundo social y a generar prácticas artísticas que visualicen y manifiesten críticamente estas preocupaciones. Para explicar estos tránsitos con mayor profundidad, se compartirá parte de la práctica y reflexión artística personal, y cómo ésta ha comenzado a entrelazarse con la investigación de tesis doctoral, a través del proyecto artístico “Diálogos con mujeres artistas docentes”. A partir de la experiencia como artista e investigadora en formación, se comparte en qué consiste el proyecto de indagación artística y se reflexiona sus puntos de encuentro con la noción de `práctica artística como investigación´ desarrollada por Graeme Sullivan (2010, 2011). Por otro lado, se buscará reflexionar cómo las identidades `artista´ y `académica´ están en un constante diálogo personal. Este proyecto artístico busca mostrar que estas identidades no están en un posicionamiento fijo, más bien reflexionar, desde el lugar de un artista, cómo a través de los diversos desplazamientos por diversas disciplinas, se puede concebir un tipo de identidad `in-between´. Esto último hace referencia a la posibilidad de comprender los procesos de ser mujer, artista e investigadora que transita y conforma su identidad entre ambas disciplinas.

Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines.

The gender imbalance in STEM subjects dominates current debates about women's underrepresentation in academia. However, women are well represented at the Ph.D. level in some sciences and poorly represented in some humanities (e.g., in 2011, 54% of U.S. Ph.D.'s in molecular biology were women versus only 31% in philosophy). We hypothesize that, across the academic spectrum, women are underrepresented in fields whose practitioners believe that raw, innate talent is the main requirement for success, because women are stereotyped as not possessing such talent. This hypothesis extends to African Americans' underrepresentation as well, as this group is subject to similar stereotypes. Results from a nationwide survey of academics support our hypothesis (termed the field-specific ability beliefs hypothesis) over three competing hypotheses.

Neurosurgery: A legacy of excellence.

Neurosurgeons are often identified with traits such as arrogance and hubris. However, the true legacy of neurosurgeons is excellence. Harvey Cushing, the pioneering neurosurgeon of the United States, is largely responsible for this legacy of excellence. Eminent personalities have agreed that sincere and hard work is necessary to achieve excellence. Excellence in neurosurgery in the domains of surgical work and research will be discussed in the article. Excellence in surgical work should be measured comprehensively and over long follow-up periods using tools such as functional outcomes and quality of life instruments besides morbidity and mortality. For excellence in neurosurgical research, one can use the help of indices such as the h-index and i10 index. No single measure, whether for surgical excellence or excellence in research, however, incorporates a measure of qualities such as empathy, integrity and mentorship. These intangible qualities should be an integral part of the assessment of a neurosurgeon and his/her work. Cushing's attributes of meticulous record keeping, attention to detail, and maximal utilization of opportunities should guide us in our pursuit of excellence. In recent years, it has been suggested that excellence is not the result of an innate talent but can be aspired to by anyone willing to adopt a work ethic that involves several hours of "deliberate practice," feedback and passion. Neurosurgeons should continue to pursue the legacy of Cushing especially in present times when medical professionals are frequently depicted as being driven more by avarice than by Hippocratic principles.

A case series of isolated splenic echinococcal cysts: A 20-year experience and learning reference for current training

s / International Journal of Surgery 12 (2014) S13eS117 S73 development of expertise between Michelin star chefs and consultant plastic surgeons. Methods: Four consultant plastic surgeons and three Michelin star chefs were interviewed. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed. Themes related to the acquisition of expertise were identified. Results: Specific factors were identified that proved fundamental in becoming an expert and maintaining expertise. These factors were personal; innate talent, motivation, deliberate self-practice and adaptability, and external; the environment and time. Conclusions: “The spinning top model” was constructed to explain how the coordination of specific factors over time enabled the development of expertise. Experts never lost momentum and acquired skills through deliberate self-practice, persistent motivation and the “hunger to be better.” The spinning top model can be applied to modern surgical training as it emphasises that innate ability and talent play only a small part in development of expertise, more important were motivation, deliberate practice and adaptability. The model can be used to promote confidence and encourage trainees in that while innate ability is important the ability to become an expert is within their own hands. 0067: A CASE SERIES OF ISOLATED SPLENIC ECHINOCOCCAL CYSTS: A 20-YEAR EXPERIENCE AND LEARNING REFERENCE FOR CURRENT TRAINING Georgios Pafitanis , Spiros Koulas , Evangelos Tsimoyiannis . Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; G. Xatzikosta General Hospital, Ioannina,

Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Yaratıcı Yazma Sürecine İlişkin Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

AbstractThe goal of this study is to discover and evaluate both areas of personal interest and views of 4th and 5th grade classroom teachers regarding creative process. this study, one of qualitative study methods, state study, and related to this, single state design which refers to whole has been chosen. Research was carried out in 18 primary schools in Izmir, Turkey whose students belong to middle class socioeconomically. study was carried out with involvement of 69 teachers who were interviewed throughout study. A total of five questions were asked and personal questionnaires were given to them soliciting their opinions about creative process. At end of study, a content analysis was applied to data, related codes were put together, and certain themes were obtained. After having obtained themes, they were discussed leading to finding that, in general, teachers cannot be considered to have no interest in creative process. While most teachers expressed that creative is the completion of an unfinished story, they also stated that creative has many advantages and almost no drawbacks.KeywordsCreative Writing, Creative Writing Process, Classroom Teacher, Role of Teacher, Teachers' Views.Creative writing, because of its ability to develop students' creativity and personalities, is a practice that teachers should emphasize. necessity for creativity is sometimes linked to rapid changes occurring in world: In our rapidly changing world, only a few skills other than creativity can be listed for advancement of humans (Ataman, 1993, p. 108). The idea that creative would enhance psychological relief (catharsis, in a way) was popular during 1950's and reflected in practices. It was based on perception that tension, imbalance, and spiritual depression as a result of World War II on human psychology can be externalized through creative writing (Temizkan, 2010, p. 632). Works composed in late 19th and early 20th centuries are accepted as examples of creative (Bishop, 1994; Myers, 1993). Due to its having made a tremendous impression, creative is taught to students at both high school and undergraduate level through special programs in US (Healey, 2009). Having emerged in late 1980's, processbased approach fits nature of creative due to its inherent characteristics as; similar to creative writing, what matters under this approach is not product, but effort made to create it. Consequently, role of teachers in process has gained another dimension in that teachers should not stick only to one practice in assessing students' compositions, but should consider multiple works in process. They should believe that any student who is cognitively and affectively developed can successfully acquire ability to express his/her feelings and opinions openly and effectively. doing this, teachers should also help students to come to this same realization; that is, that they can express themselves effectively. Otherwise, written expression skills might be perceived as an innate talent rather than a skill that can be learned by anyone. Accordingly, unsuccessful experiences might act to hinder students' willingness to continue (Karatay, 2012).According to Kucuk (2007), since it focuses more heavily on comprehension and expression skills, Turkish class is most suitable class for revealing, evaluating, developing, and encouraging creativity. Students should not think about what they should write in introduction, body, and conclusion; instead, they should be able to express their opinions freely, without any cognitive obstacle. After becoming aware that they can actually write and express their feelings, then they should start based on a certain plan (Unalan, 2006). …

You can't teach speed: sprinters falsify the deliberate practice model of expertise.

Many scientists agree that expertise requires both innate talent and proper training. Nevertheless, the highly influential deliberate practice model (DPM) of expertise holds that talent does not exist or makes a negligible contribution to performance. It predicts that initial performance will be unrelated to achieving expertise and that 10 years of deliberate practice is necessary. We tested these predictions in the domain of sprinting. In Studies 1 and 2 we reviewed biographies of 15 Olympic champions and the 20 fastest American men in U.S. history. In all documented cases, sprinters were exceptional prior to initiating training, and most reached world class status rapidly (Study 1 median = 3 years; Study 2 = 7.5). In Study 3 we surveyed U.S. national collegiate championships qualifiers in sprinters (n = 20) and throwers (n = 44). Sprinters recalled being faster as youths than did throwers, whereas throwers recalled greater strength and throwing ability. Sprinters’ best performances in their first season of high school, generally the onset of formal training, were consistently faster than 95–99% of their peers. Collectively, these results falsify the DPM for sprinting. Because speed is foundational for many sports, they challenge the DPM generally.

Exceptional Outcomes in L2 Phonology: The Critical Factors of Learner Engagement and Self-Regulation

A number of studies attest to the late language learner's ability to attain native-like outcomes in morphology and syntax, with accent often the only linguistic hint of their non-native status. Nevertheless, some do end up sounding native-like despite a late start. This article explores possible explanations for 'exceptional' outcomes in L2 phonology, specifically, whether such learners' abilities are due to innate talent, a metacognitive learning approach, a certain social-psychological orientation, or specific kinds of experience. Various learners profiles are compared, an argument is made for learner engagement and self-regulation, and areas for future research are outlined.

Model of a Christian Academic Teacher in the Education of Tomorrow

Abstract Vocational training, functioning of an academic teacher in the profession and personal development are the selected areas of the author’s scientific research inquiries, based on the Christian concept of Man as the image of God and the perception of the value of a person in being a Human. Christian academic teacher has been defined as an advocate who lives with faith, conscious of the gift of his teaching vocation. In the environment of his life and work, he penetrates the academic and social structures with evangelical values. As a guardian of human existence, he supports Man in his comprehensive development. He helps him to recognize, extract and develop his innate talents. The conviction of the author as to the validity of forecasting and building an alternative structure of a personal model as a Christian academic teacher appeared in the course of his own considerations, the assimilation of negative assessment of academic reality, changes in thinking about the teacher, issues of peudetology. The principal hope of the author for success of an idea of academic teacher model and his personal formation as a Christian lecturer named proponent, is to base the process of his formation on personal pedagogy of Jesus as a Master. Hence, construction of an alternative to other solutions - a model of personal Christian lecturer as an advocate and a witness of faith - fills a gap in academic situation of pedeutology educational crossroads at the threshold of the twenty-first century, and is an attempt to modernize this segment of academic reality. It has been assumed that humanism in the educational process of higher school in the education of tomorrow means renewal, continuous creation, safeguarding and development of the human dimension of educational entities.