Land Transport Research Articles

Analisis Karakteristik Pergerakan Moda Transportasi Pengangkut Bawang Merah Kabupaten Enrekang

Land transportation as a means of inter-city transportation has the advantage of being able to distribute people and goods with a larger capacity and relatively cheaper costs. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of onion transportation, performance, distribution time and the purpose of distributing the onion harvest in Enrekang Regency. This research used a quantitative method, which was carried out for 1 month, namely in September-October 2022 in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi, using SPSS analysis. The results of the research show that the characteristics of the 240 respondents were all men, with the most widely used vehicle brand being the Mitsubishi 4-wheeled type (medium truck), the most frequent distribution time range was between 10-15 times a month with an average speed of 50- 60 km/hour, departure time between 10:00 – 15:00 WITA, and arriving around 15:00 – 18:00 WITA, distance over 100 Km, and the longest loading time is over 120 minutes, with the aim of distribution most often to exporters with a percentage of 57.08%, while for distribution areas outside Enrekang Regency the most frequently is Parepare City with a percentage of 46.25%.

A Field Survey on Indoor Climate in Land Transport Cabins of Buses and Trains

Assessing indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is fundamental to ensuring health, well-being, and safety. A particular type of indoor compartment, land transport cabins (LTCs), specifically those of trains and buses, was surveyed. The global rise in commute and in-cabin exposure time gives relevance to the current study. This study discusses indoor climate (IC) in LTCs to emphasize the risk to the well-being and comfort of exposed occupants linked to poor IEQ, using objective assessment and a communication method following recommendations of the CEN-EN16798-1 standard. The measurement campaign was carried out on 36 trips of real-time travel on 15 buses and 21 trains, mainly in the EU region. Although the measured operative temperature, relative humidity, CO2, and VOC levels followed EN16798-1 requirements in most cabins, compliance gaps were found in the indoor climate of these LTCs as per ventilation requirements. Also, the PMV-PPD index evaluated in two indoor velocity ranges of 0.1 and 0.3 m/s showed that 39% and 56% of the cabins, respectively, were thermally inadequate. Also, ventilation parameters showed that indoor air quality (IAQ) was defective in 83% of the studied LTCs. Therefore, gaps exist concerning the IC of the studied LTCs, suggesting potential risks to well-being and comfort and the need for improved compliance with the IEQ and ventilation criteria of EN16798-1.

Perancangan Sistem Emergency Call untuk Pengendara Bermotor Berbasis Mobile

The progress of land transportation, especially motorized vehicles, has a great influence on people's welfare. Currently motorized vehicles have a large contribution to the development of transportation in Indonesia. The increasing number of vehicles always results in problems such as flat tires, running out of petrol or breaking down and the number of these incidents always increases. When problems occur on the highway, drivers always have difficulty finding locations and information about relevant places in order to ask for help with the problems they are facing. This research aims to enable motorized vehicle users to have an Android-based mobile application that is useful for providing location information and related parties to speed up the rescue process. The application that will be developed has a emergency call feature for users to service providers or relevant locations according to the driver's problem. Not only that, this system is also a business platform for those who want to join the merchant feature in it. In this mobile application study, the author will utilize the Google Maps API so that he can search and recommend the nearest place for motorists to seek help. This research was carried out from the analysis, design, implementation, to testing stages.

СЕВЕРО-СИБИРСКАЯ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНАЯ МАГИСТРАЛЬ: ИСТОКИ ЗАРОЖДЕНИЯ ИДЕИ

The paper, based on identified historical documents, presents aspects of the origin of the idea of building the North Siberian Railway. The purpose of the study is outlined - to reveal the features of the promotion of plans for the construction of new railway lines at the beginning of the 20th century. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the work presents unpublished materials, in particular, those stored in the archives of the city of Yeniseisk. Archival documents testify to the results of the meeting on communication routes (Irkutsk, 1906), which laid the foundation for the transformation of railway, river and land transport communications in Siberia. The activities of the authorities of Siberian provinces and cities aimed at developing a network of transport communications are shown. One of the large-scale plans was the idea of building the Northern Highway - Tomsk-Yeniseisk-Kirensk-Amur Road. It was supposed to solve the problems of introducing the entire Northern Region to the common cultural life - from the Ob to the Amur, as well as creating a strong and reliable connection with the Far East. The Russian government supported the idea of Siberian cities, allocating state funds for technical research on the planned Tomsk-Yeniseisk railway line. In 1913, a survey party examined the railway route and put it on the map. However, these plans were not destined to come true at the beginning of the last century, as the time of great upheavals was approaching, which significantly changed all of Russia. At the same time, the focused efforts of researchers of the last century became the basis for the process of accumulating scientific and practical experience, which was necessary for developing concepts for the development of the eastern regions of the country at the beginning of the 21st century.

Planning, Optimization and Development of River Transportation in Supporting The Development of Mega City IKN, Balikpapan and Samarinda

This research aims to plan, increase the potential and optimize river transportation in the IKN area, Balikpapan City and Samarinda which can become one of the driving forces of the economy by moving people and goods more efficiently and integrated between other modes of transportation such as road, sea and air networks. River transportation is one of the main choices for the National Capital Region (IKN), Balikpapan City and Samarinda City as the IKN Megapolitan area. Because, the IKN Megapolitan area can be fully accessed by river transportation, and can reduce the burden on land transportation which can cause congestion. This river transportation is specifically related to the movement of passengers and logistics of industrial goods and services as well as food products to the IKN area. Indicators of regional characteristics, such as river physics, existing facilities, ship call data, origin destination data or OD matrix, regional spatial layout, and passenger and goods data are important in river development analysis and strategies. The method used uses descriptive analysis for qualitative data, while statistical analysis analyzes needs and analyzes strategies for developing river transportation in the future. The expected results are in the form of strategy documents, planning and optimization of river transportation development in the IKN region and its surroundings.

Optimization on land development intensity of new industrial towns based on carrying capacity of multi-modal traffic network

ABSTRACT In the context of China’s new urbanization, the establishment of ‘new industrial towns (NITs)’ has emerged as a pivotal strategy for facilitating urban development. However, the current construction of NITs confronts numerous challenges, including issues such as unreasonable land development intensity (LDI) and overburdened transportation infrastructure. Urgent attention and improvement are required to address the coordination gaps between urban land use and transportation systems. This research explores the traffic carrying capacity (TCC) of NITs at a multi-modal super-network level, developing a bi-level programming model for LDI optimization and proposing an improved genetic algorithm (GA) to solve it. Taking the NIT in Laiwu District, Jinan, China as a case study area, the results demonstrate that our approach maximizes the utilization of space–time resources in both bus and car networks, particularly benefiting the latter during morning peak hours, thereby achieving a more balanced supply-demand traffic equilibrium.

Relative improvements between roads and railways and economic performance: A panel data analysis

Prior studies indicate that expanding the length of roadways and railways has a beneficial effect on economic performance. Nevertheless, the requirement for land transport infrastructure, which offers different degrees of accessibility and mobility, to facilitate economic expansion differs based on a country's stage of development. The present study has two objectives. Firstly, it is essential to ascertain the required investment for different types of land transport infrastructure to facilitate different stages of economic performance. Secondly, the objective is to examine the impact of different forms of land transportation infrastructure on economic performance by means of urbanization and exports. To highlight these concerns, a fixed-effects panel linear regression analysis was conducted on a panel consisting of 50 countries spanning the years 1980–2018. In countries with lower levels of urbanization and exports, improvements to road infrastructure, especially roads with high accessibility, are of greater importance for economic performance compared to the improvement of railways. Nevertheless, as urbanization and exports rise, the comparative impact of improvements in road infrastructure on economic performance in relation to improvements in railway infrastructure diminishes. Railway improvements have a more significant effect on economic performance compared to road improvements, owing to increased urbanization and export rates. During these stages of development, high-mobility roads are more crucial for economic performance compared to high-accessibility roads. The conclusion of the research examined a variety of policy recommendations derived from our findings, which are applicable to different levels of urbanization and exports.

Moderating Role of Land Transportation Office Personnel Behavior to the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Operation on the Perspective of the Clients

Moderating Role of Land Transportation Office Personnel Behavior to the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Operation on the Perspective of the Clients

The Effect of Built Environment on Carbon Emission from Travel Behavior in the City center of Surabaya

Climate change is currently demanding attention due to global warming caused by increased Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the land transportation sector. The built environment is one of the factors that can influence non-motorized travel and emissions production. The built environment is identified using the 3D component approach (Density, Diversity, Design). The City center of Surabaya area is one of the Central Business Districts (CBDs) that is not exempt from emission issues and has the potential to decrease emissions through environmental arrangement scenarios. This research investigates the correlation between the 3D components and carbon emission production using the method of correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. The analysis results show a significant correlation between carbon emission production and the travel behavior of the city center of the Surabaya area community. Travel behavior variables influencing carbon emission production are household income, vehicles ownership, and travel distance. Furthermore, the study results indicate a significant relationship between travel behavior and the 3D components, as well as a significant association between the 3D components and carbon emission production. The 3D components that affect carbon emission production are population density, land use mix index, and pedestrian pathway density.

Rancangan Strategi dalam Menanggulangi Risiko pada Proses Pengadaan di PT. Asahimas Chemical dengan Menerapkan Konsep "House of Risk"

The purpose of this research about risk management in the supply chain is to identify potential risks that occur and the causes of the risks and to obtain a correlation between the causes of the risks and the risk events in the company. The research method using the HOR method, from the results obtained, there are seven main risks, namely the selection of land and sea transportation. The selection of land and sea transportation is not standard and has many problems (delays), shortages in supply capacity, unclear PR specifications, QA/QC processes are not followed, ship arrival is not on time, the high overturn of employees, and a significant increase in demand. Significant increase in demand. The conclusion obtained 7 (seven) significant preventive measures, including Among them are building Using tracking technology and logistics management to monitor the transportation movement of transportation equipment in real-time, identifying areas or stages of areas or production stages that can be improved to overcome shortcomings, implementing a review process involving review process that involves competent parties, periodic internal audits to evaluate compliance with QA procedures. Periodically to evaluate compliance with QA/QC procedures and insert punctuality clauses in contracts. Timeliness clauses in contracts with shipping companies or logistics service providers consider policies for work-life balance to reduce fatigue and stress and proactively increase production capacity.

Legal Steps to Resolve Labor Relations Problems (Drivers) in Logistics and Land Transportation Companies

This study investigates legal steps in resolving labor relations problems, primarily related to drivers, in logistics and land transportation companies. By analyzing employment contracts, consultation with legal experts, amicable negotiations, mediation or arbitration, and the possibility of filing a lawsuit in court, this study aims to understand the dispute resolution process comprehensively. The research method used is a case study by analyzing several cases of logistics and land transportation companies. The results showed that the implementation of these legal measures can provide fair solutions and minimize conflicts between related parties, as well as ensure the enforcement of rights in accordance with applicable legal provisions. The implication of this research is the importance of understanding and using legal measures to solve labor problems effectively and efficiently in the context of the logistics and land transportation industry.

Experimental investigation on the behavior of thermal super insulation materials for cryogenic storage tanks in fire incidents

The number of vehicles using or transporting cryogenic fuels such as Liquefied Hydrogen (LH2) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) increases fast in the land transportation sector. Does this also entail new risks? The storage of cryogenic fuels requires tanks with Thermal Super Insulations (TSI) to keep the fluid cold and limit the formation of boil-off gas. TSI has proven itself in some applications since the middle of the 20th century, but in the land transport sector they are still quite new, where accidents involving fires, collisions, and their combination are to be expected. This work focuses on investigating the behavior of different types of TSI while exposed to a heat source representing a fire. To this aim, a High-Temperature Thermal Vacuum Chamber (HTTVC) was applied, which allows the thermal loading of a thermal insulation material in a vacuum and measuring the heat flow transported through the TSI in parallel. In this study, the results of 6 samples are presented regarding 3 types of MLI, rock wool, perlites, and microspheres. The thermal exposure caused different effects on the samples. In practice, this can be connected to the rapid release of flammable gases as well as to a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). These results are relevant for reducing the risks to people and infrastructures in the progressive establishment of tanks for cryogenic fluids in our industry and society. The data presented in the study can be used to improve the design of tanks and TSIs, the assessment of accident scenarios, and the development of measures for first responders.

Autonomous inland navigation: a literature review and extracontractual liability issues

Pilot tests for (semi-)autonomous transport via inland waterways are already taking place in Belgium and other European countries. However, the full commercial implementation of autonomous inland shipping might be hampered by liability issues. The allocation of liability, especially extracontractual liability, is an important concern for shipowners who want to invest in autonomous barges, and for other ecosystem actors. For this reason, a balanced risk distribution framework could boost the investment decision. A legal analysis of the current laws and regulations is necessary to evaluate whether they can be applied to new autonomous systems. The research approach consists of two steps. First, an in-depth literature review is carried out to determine whether extracontractual liability research has already been conducted and to highlight the gaps in autonomous inland waterways transport studies. Once it is proved that the vast majority of the research focuses on technology, it can be affirmed that there is a need to inquire about extracontractual liability. In the second part, thus, the two international Conventions on liability limitation and collision in inland navigation are examined.

The Issue of Air Quality in Socio-Scientific Teaching: Does it Impact 11--13-years-old Students' Informal Reasoning Skills?

Various land transportations mostly use fossil fuels which produce greenhouse gas emissions. This is a challenge of how to teach the content to elementary school students with a socio-scientific issue approach to the theme of the water quality index. The method used was a pre-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design that involved 25 students aged 11–13 at one of the private schools in Bandung. The instrument used was questions of reasoning skills that asked students argumentation. Students’ reasoning skills are analyzed and classified based on the quality of their answers. The results showed that thematic teaching strategies with socio-scientific issues were able to improve the quality of students’ reasoning skills. Students’ answers were not only dominated by claims but also provided with data and evidence even though they were not found in large numbers. In the opinion of students, the packaging of thematic teaching through scientific issues on the theme of water quality index was able to attract their attention. This indicates that increasing reasoning skills can be improved by infusing socio-scientific issues into teaching themes. Keywords: socio-scientific issue, water quality index, reasoning skills.

Optimalisasi Aksesibilitas Sebagai Strategi dalam Perancangan Stasiun Kereta Api di Kota Kendari

Transportation in Indonesia is very important role in people's lives. As time goes by, the process of transportation has progressed, since the development reforms related to the need for mass and cheap transportation. Meanwhile, the existing conditions are no integration of inter-city land transportation modes from Kendari City with other regions on the Southeast Sulawesi peninsula. So it is necessary to improve transportation by integrating land transportation routes into an integrated transportation system in the trans-rail network system, which is in line with the Kendari City RTRW 2010-2030. This station is expected to make people easy to commute, especially long distances across districts. The station design uses the concept of Accessibility Optimization to create easy accessibility for user circulation both inside and outside the building by using new and adaptable technology. It is also hoped that the planned station facilities will become a new, creative and innovative icon of the city of Kendari, without forgetting the cultural identity of the city of Kendari itself which is unique through the design of its visual elements and contemporary nuances. nature, so that in the planning the contemporary style is used as an architectural flow that reflects freedom to express, have the desire to show something different from other people.

Modeling the effect of land use change to design a suitable low impact development (LID) system to control surface water pollutants

Growth in urbanization has led to increased impervious surfaces, exacerbating flood risks and water quality degradation. This study investigated the impact of land use change and Low-Impact Development (LID) systems on urban runoff quality and quantity in the second region of Tehran. Pioneering an innovative approach, the integration of the Land Change Modeler (LCM) with the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) signifies a paradigm shift in urban water management. Combined with other hydrological models, this new approach provides a comprehensive method for assessing the future effectiveness of LID practices. The Event Mean Concentration Method (EMC) was used in this study to measure Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Phosphorus (TP), and Zinc (Zn) in urban runoff from five land uses. Results pinpointed transportation land uses as the primary source of pollutants. Using LCM, the study forecasted a surge in urban runoff pollutants by 2030, particularly in the Northwest area of the region due to anticipated land use shifts towards commercial and residential land uses. Model results showed an 11 % increase in TSS over a decade, highlighting the importance of land use change in runoff quality. The study used three types of LIDs to reduce contaminants in dense urban areas. Assessing the impact of LID scenarios on runoff pollutants using SWMM revealed that the bio-retention cell had the best performance, reducing TSS by 20.92 %, and the vegetative swale had the worst performance, reducing TSS by 8.43 %. The study also concluded that combining LIDs would be more effective than using them separately. The results of this study suggest that LID systems can be an effective way to reduce urban runoff pollutants and improve water quality in the second region of Tehran. However, more research is needed to optimize the design and placement of LID systems in different urban areas.

Assessment of bioremediation potential of Calotropis procera and Nerium oleander for sustainable management of vehicular released metals in roadside soils

Land transportation is a major source of heavy metal contamination along the roadside, posing significant risks to human health through inhalation, oral ingestion, and dermal contact. Therefore, this study has been designed to determine the concentrations of vehicular released heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu) in roadside soil and leaves of two commonly growing native plant species (Calotropis procera and Nerium oleander).Two busy roads i.e., Lahore-Okara road (N-5) and Okara-Faisalabad roads (OFR) in Punjab, Pakistan, were selected for the study. The data were collected from five sites along each road during four seasons. Control samples were collected ~ 50 m away from road. The metal content i.e. lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) were determined in the plant leaves and soil by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Significantly high amount of all studied heavy metals were observed in soil and plant leaves along both roads in contrast to control ones. The mean concentration of metals in soil ranged as Cd (2.20–6.83 mg/kg), Pb (4.53–15.29 mg/kg), Ni (29.78–101.26 mg/kg), and Cu (61.68–138.46 mg/kg) and in plant leaves Cd (0.093–0.53 mg/kg), Pb (4.31–16.34 mg/kg), Ni (4.13–16.34 mg/kg) and Cu (2.98–32.74 mg/kg). Among roads, higher metal contamination was noted along N-5 road. Significant temporal variations were also noted in metal contamination along both roads. The order of metal contamination in soil and plant leaves in different seasons was summer > autumn > spring > winter. Furthermore, the metal accumulation potential of Calotropis procera was higher than that of Nerium oleander. Therefore, for sustainable management of metal contamination, the plantation of Calotropis procera is recommended along roadsides.

Quantifying the Impact of Development of the Transport Sector in Pakistan

An efficient transport system is not only a pre-requisite for economic development but is also important to achieve the objective of economic integration in the world economy. Insufficient transport infrastructure results in congestion, delay delivery time, fuel waste, pollution and accident1 which built inefficiencies in the economy and costs the economy 4 to 6 percent of GDP each year [Shah (2006)and World Bank (2007)], which can be saved by investing in transport services. Realising its importance, the government of Pakistan has initiated National Trade Corridor Improvement Programme (NTCIP) in 2005 to improve logistic and transport infrastructure so that it can fulfill the demand of economy more efficiently. This five years programme includes all sectors that improve performance of corridor-high way namely, road transport, railways, airports, and ships etc. The objective of the programme is to reduce the cost of doing business and improve quality of services. The study quantifies the efficiency of transport sector by evaluating the impact of public investment to improve transport services on the economy in general and on cost of land transportation in particular; i.e., cost of freight and passenger movement and cost of externalities such as congestion, air pollution and accident. The outcome of the study depends on how improved facility is achieved, i.e., who bears the cost and who benefits etc. This paper assumes tax financed public investment that not only change domestic price and demand, but also welfare and poverty. The issue is analysed in computable general equilibrium framework taking into account inter linkages of transport sector with rest of the economy. First, a social accounting matrix (SAM) is developed with a detailed transport module. Then, a dynamic CGE model is developed around this SAM and simulations are conducted for short run and long run analysis of public investment in trans port sector.

Evaluasi Karakteristik Parkir pada Area Parkir Mobil di Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan (FTSP), Universitas Islam Indonesia

FTSP UII has a high number of academic activities. High academic activity will affect to supporting facilities such as parking facilities. One of the problems with parking facilities is the lack of parking capacity. This study aims to determine the characteristics of car parking in the FTSP UII area both on the road and outside the road and determine the improvement efforts that can be made. The analysis conducted in this study is guided by the Parking Technical Guidelines made by the Directorate General of Land Transportation (1996). Based on the analysis that has been done, it is concluded that in every parking area located outside the road body, the load value of the parking area is below 85%. Furthermore, in parking areas located on the body of the road, parking areas 1B-B and parking areas 2B-A have parking area load values above 90%. While parking area 1B-A and parking area 2B-B have a parking area load value below 90%. Improvement efforts for parking areas outside the road body are by arranging routes to the parking area and reusing unused parking areas. As for the parking area on the road body, it is planned to add a new parking area considering that there is a parking area that has a parking load of 90% and there is a parking area with unsafe parking index conditions. Thus, the addition of this parking area is expected to reduce the parking load on parking areas on the road body whose value exceeds 90%.

Analisis Kinerja Konsultan Pengawas Dalam Pelaksanaan Proyek Konstruksi

A civil construction project is said to be successful if it meets three parameters, namely cost, quality and time, where the project costs are in accordance with the budget, the quality of the project is achieved according to specifications or requirements and the maximum project duration is the same as the planned time. However, in its implementation, projects are often faced with certain conflicts, one of which has an impact on the completion time, so it is felt necessary to involve a supervisory consultant in it in the hope of being able to provide supervision and control over each work item's progress. In relation to roads as an example of a civil building in the form of land transportation infrastructure which includes all its parts, this is reflected in the Short Road Reconstruction Project - Tanah Garo in Muara Tabir District, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province which uses the 2022 National Economic Recovery Loan (PEN) funds amounting to Rp. . 49,638,999,000 for flexible pavement work along 13,503 m for 105 calendar days, research was carried out on several factors and variables regarding the significant role of supervisory consultants in keeping the project on track. The research method is qualitative analysis which is developmental in nature and uses the help of the Microsoft Excel 2019 application in processing data. From the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the performance of supervision and quality control of work carried out by CV. Atifa Cipta Plan as the supervisory consultant for the Short Road Reconstruction Project - Tanah Garo received the highest average score among the six other factors, namely 4.80, which means very good.