Land Transport Research Articles

Reducing the Environmental Impact of Large Battery Systems with Conductive Electric Road Systems—A Technical Overview

A radical transformation of the transport industry is required in order to achieve a fossil-fuel-free vehicle fleet and reach the greenhouse gas emissions goals. Electrification plays a crucial role in this radical process. An electric road system (ERS) is a road that supplies power to electric vehicles as they drive on it, offering numerous advantages. These include an extended driving range, decreased reliance on batteries, and increased flexibility and convenience for drivers, eliminating the need to stop for recharging. This paper highlights the transformative potential of ERS in revolutionizing the land transport sector. Through thorough testing with a conductive ERS demonstrator, the viability of the presented technology is validated. Essential aspects like power transfer, efficiency, safety, and environmental impact showcase ERS’s adaptability and scalability across diverse vehicle types. This study recommends widespread ERS support for battery electric vehicles, emphasizing the route toward a sustainable future.

Algorithm for identifying parameters of production function models using a neural network

The purpose of the work is to ensure the monitoring and reliability of statistical data used for the analysis and forecasting of the production development on the basis of generalized indicators that take into account the volume of resources used and the ways of their use. An algorithm for parametric identification of production functions models from time series of statistical data using generalized regression, which provides the best estimation of the parametric optimization error by the method of least squares, is proposed. In contrast to existing assessment methods, neural networks are used to build models, which significantly expand the technical capabilities of modeling and contribute to improving the accuracy of calculations through the use of neural network technologies. It is shown that in order to solve the problems of this class, it is advisable to use generalized regression neural networks with simple training modes and high modeling accuracy. As a result, it is possible to propose an algorithm for quantitative assessment of the production functions parameters, which consists in the construction of a neural model with its subsequent use to fit the trajectory of the production model of a given structure to the obtained data by means of recurrent estimates of the vector of the desired coefficients at a given initial approximation. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated by estimating the parameters of the Cobb-Douglas production function and the discrete-dynamic model of the consumption function according to the corresponding statistical series. The calculations are performed using the functions of the Neural Networks package of the MATLAB software environment. The algorithm is applicable for quantitative estimation of the production models parameters with complex logical-probabilistic relationships, as well as for obtaining numerical values of target indicators and indicators for assessing the inland water transport development by statistical series and monitoring.

How does upzoning impact land use and transport: a case study of Seattle

ABSTRACT This work simulates the long-term land use and transportation impacts of upzoning in the region of Seattle, Washington at the parcel level, using UrbanSim and an agent-based travel demand model (SoundCast). Scenario results are compared to illuminate differences in a Business-as-Usual (BAU) future versus two upzoning scenarios that upzone all single-family-use residential parcels in the region or just those in the City of Seattle to 3 dwelling units per parcel. Under BAU, affordability falls 20% and rents rise 6% between 2014 and 2050, as the regional population grows to 5.7 million. With regional upzoning, 68,400 more dwellings are added, with rents 10% lower compared to the BAU future. The housing affordability index falls from 75.3 to 67.31, a significant improvement over the BAU scenario's sharper fall to 60.6. If only the City of Seattle upzones, only 3,400 additional units are predicted, but rents are 5.2% lower than the BAU case.

Experimental study on the course stability of a towed barge model

The course instability problem of towed objects is discussed in the paper. It is noted that many non-selfpropelled vessels do not have directional stability, as a result of which they make oscillatory movements relative to the course of the towing ship. Increased yaw rate leads to a decrease in towing speed, an increase in loads on the elements of the towing device and a significant increase in the width of the running lane. These factors can lead to an emergency and significantly complicate the towing process, especially on inland waterways. Two main ways to increase directional stability are considered. These are towing “on V-line”, that is a system in which the towing rope is divided into two parts and attached to two points of the towed barge, located symmetrically relative to the centerline, and the installation of skegs in the stern. To determine the effect of these methods, tests of a model of the mixed riversea navigation oil barge 2731 are carried out in calm deep water conditions in the experimental tank of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping. The root end of the towing rope is attached to the pylon of the towing tank trolley and, thus, the reverse influence of the barge on the characteristics of the tug movement is not taken into account. Sixteen options are considered. The half-width of the running lane is taken as a criterion for the stability of barge movement. As follows from the test results, with increasing towing speed and towing rope length, the width of the running lane increases slightly. The installation of end washers on the skegs has no effect on the stability of the barge. To reduce the width of the running lane occupied by the barge, it is recommended to use towing “on the V-line” and use skegs with fixed flaps.

Integrated Q-Learning with Firefly Algorithm for Transportation Problems

The study addresses the optimization of land transportation in the context of vehicle routing, a critical aspect of transportation logistics. The specific objectives are to employ various meta-heuristic optimization techniques, including Genetic Algorithms (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Q-Learning reinforcement algorithm, to find the optimal solutions for vehicle routing problems. The primary aim is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of land transportation systems by minimizing factors such as travel distance or time while adhering to constraints. The study evaluates the advantages and limitations of each algorithm and introduces a novel-based approach that integrates Q-learning with the FA. The results demonstrate that these meta-heuristic optimization techniques offer promising solutions for complex vehicle routing challenges. The integrated Q-learning with Firefly Algorithm (iQLFA) emerges as the most successful approach among them, showcasing its potential to significantly improve transportation optimization outcomes.

Will you ride the train? A combined home-work spatial segmentation approach

While the influence of land use and transport networks on travel behavior is known, few studies have jointly examined the effects of home and work location characteristics when modelling travel behavior. In this study, a two-step approach is proposed to investigate the combined effect of home and work location characteristics on the intent to use a new public transport service. Using data from the 2019 Montreal Mobility Survey (n=1698), this study examines the intent to use the Réseau Express Métropolitain (REM), a light rail under construction in Montreal, for commuting. A segmentation analysis is first conducted to characterize commuters based on their home and work location characteristics, resulting in six distinct home-work clusters. The clusters are then included in an ordered logistic regression modelling the intent to use the REM, along with socio-economic and attitudinal characteristics. Results from a dominance analysis reveal that the clusters are the third most important determinants of the intent to use the REM, even when controlling for individual characteristics. The addition of the clusters leads to a significant improvement of the model (likelihood of -2388.9 improved from -2400.7, p-value < 0,05). All other clusters have a significantly lower probability (between 32 and 51% less likely) of intent to use the REM than the typical commuters (who commute from the suburbs to downtown, often by transit), at a 95% confidence interval. These findings underscore the implications of pursuing radial public-transport networks, illustrating the ability of the proposed approach to identify which groups are likely to benefit from a public-transport project and to propose recommendations anchored in joint home and work location patterns.

ANALISIS KERUSAKAN PERKERASAN JALAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BINA MARGA DAN PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX (PCI)

Road is a land transportation infrastructure that is very important to support community mobilization in various activities. But as a result of the large volume of traffic and various factors that occur make the road longer will decrease in function and comfort when used in other words, the road is damaged. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the pavement of National Road III, Cisaga District, Ciamis Sta. 0+000 – 2+000. The method used in this study is a quantitative method, which is the process of finding knowledge that uses data in the form of numbers as a tool to analyze what you want to know. The type of method used is the observation method by making direct observations to the field to obtain data to be analyzed using the Highways and Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. The results of the study based on the analysis of the Highways method obtained a priority order value of 5 which means including the Periodic Maintenance program including moderate damage levels from 3 levels of Priority Order, namely with activities to prevent wider damage to each damage in order to return to the condition according to plan. Meanwhile, based on the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method, an average pavement condition value of 65.75 is included in Good road conditions. Although in good condition, this road condition is included in the road condition identified as damaged because it is at level 5 of 7 pavement condition levels of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method, so in line with the testing of the Highways method the road condition is included in the periodic maintenance program.

Development of Electromobility in Poland as a Way to Reduce the Negative Impact of Land Transport on the Climate

Abstract Public authorities should pursue a policy ensuring ecological security for present and future generations. Furthermore, the protection of the environment is the responsibility of public authorities. Environmental protection means all activities and instruments counteracting the deterioration of the environment; it is particularly important in this respect to counteract the negative effects of environmental degradation on health. Under Polish law, climate protection law is one of the most intensively developing areas of public law. This is because the responsibility for environmental protection should lie with the state, as it has all the tools to achieve this goal. In Poland, climate protection issues have found their rightful place in public discourse. Stopping climate change is now covered by a multi-level public policy, in which the leading role is assigned to administrative law regulations. The development of electric vehicles has a significant impact on the decarbonisation of transport, which mainly relies on diesel and petrol. The popularisation of green vehicles requires strategic management of demand for petroleum-based fuels, which is undoubtedly a public task.

Analysis of Optimization Waena Terminal Infrastructure, Jayapura City

A terminal is a part of land transportation which is the node point for various land transportation facilities (modes). The Waena Terminal has been equipped with terminal facilities and complementary buildings, but has not been used optimally, and even looks dirty and unkempt. This research aims to analyze the condition of the infrastructure, utilization and maintenance of the Waena Terminal. This research was conducted in Jayapura City, precisely at the Waena Public Transport Terminal which is administratively part of the Jayapura Municipal government area. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The research results show that the physical infrastructure at Waena Terminal is very complete when viewed against the standards set by the government. However, in terms of soft infrastructure, the Waena terminal has not been fulfilled, namely there is no terminal management by the related parties. The use and maintenance of the Waena Terminal has not gone well because it appears there is no terminal management.

Land and sea transport options for the installation of green artificial reefs (GARs) in shallow waters: a Galician case study.

The aim of the present paper is to propose a new methodology for the production and installation of green artificial reefs (GARs) in shallow waters, with special attention to the transport stages. The process includes both onshore (manufacturing, road transport and unload at port) and offshore (load at port, sea transport, positioning, and deployment tasks) stages. Two different types of truck were analysed for the road transport. Furthermore, three different options were considered for sea transport: a workboat powered by liquefied natural gas, a barge using diesel (0.1% sulphur) as fuel, and an electric specific design barge. A simulation tool called AGARDO (Automatic Green Artificial Reef Deploy Optimisation) was developed for such a purpose. An estuary located in Galicia (North-West of Spain), where 180 GAR units must be installed, has been considered as case study. AGARDO was used to obtain results concerning process total time, equivalent CO2 emissions and costs for different scenarios. Consequently, the use of the proposed methodology allows the decision-maker to select the best option in terms of costs, emissions and time. AGARDO can be easily adapted to other case studies, with different onshore and offshore options.

Preparing the next generation of mechanical engineering graduates: identifying and combating the digital skills

In connection with the rapidly growing role of digital technologies, great importance is attached to the level of «digital literacy» of specialists, that is, their ability to perform tasks in a digital environment. The engineering industry is no exception. It should be viewed as high-tech, requiring innovation and improvement to remain competitive in today's digital economy. Digital tools open up many possibilities. However, realizing these benefits requires a new approach to the challenges posed not only by new technology, but also by the human component. In order for the future generation of engineers to be competitive, during their training it is extremely important to develop skills in using digital technologies not only on the basis of professional disciplines, but also general professional ones using the example of studying the discipline «Hydraulics and Hydraulic Drive». With digital literacy skills, students can plan learning that will help them think critically, creatively, and innovatively. The main purpose of this study was to determine the required skill set of the future «mechanical engineer». To achieve this goal, the following tasks were formulated: (1) to understand the importance of digital technologies for mechanical engineering students; (2) identify gaps in current skills; (3) identify opportunities to use digital technologies to improve operations; (4) identify the benefits of digital technologies in future engineering projects; (5) analyze data indicating the percentage of students using and integrating information and communication technologies into learning during practical training. The authors consider the need for digital skills using the example of training areas 05.23.01 «Land Transport Systems» and 03.15.02 «Technological Machinery and Equipment» (profile «Oil and Gas Industry Equipment»).

Analisis Daya Dukung Tanah Dasar terhadap Kerusakan Jalan Raya Pule-Sarirejo

Roads are the main function as infrastructure for all forms of land transportation. For those who use the road, because a good road has a beneficial influence on the community, the road serves as the main foundation for economic turnover activities and social activities of the community. So comfort and tranquility when driving are very important factors before the construction of road pavement construction, the stability of a road must first be known the carrying capacity of the soil as a foothold. The carrying capacity of the soil that damages the pule-sarirejo road was evaluated by researchers. Factors affecting the decrease in soil carrying capacity were also studied in this study. Testing water content with an average value of 15.39% which includes high water content, data processing shows that the road bottom soil on Jalan Pule – Sarirejo has a low carrying capacity value in this test. For testing the boundaries Atterberg belongs to the group of clay soil types. with a PI value of 58.85% has a high platicity value. However, it is known from the results of CBR testing that the CBR value of the road base soil is 7.00%, included in the "sufficient" category and for the shear strength value is 0.21 kg/cm² and is still classified as sandy clay.

Analisis Kinerja Halte Trans Metro Dewata

Trans Metro Dewata is an Integrated Highway Bus transportation system operating since September 2020 in Bali, which is a program of the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation through the Directorate General of Land Transportation. Until now it has not been much in demand by the people in Bali, one of the causes is inadequate bus stop facilities. The condition and performance of the trans metro dewata bus stop that is used as the object of research are not all in accordance with the Minimum Service Standards (SPM). The level of public satisfaction as users of the Trans Metro Dewata bus stop can be concluded that as many as 59% are dissatisfied with the availability of security officers and security disturbance information, 59% are dissatisfied with the availability of cleaning facilities when using the bus stop, 57% are dissatisfied with the availability of lighting at the bus stop, 45% are quite satisfied with the facilities for going up and down stairs, 57% are not satisfied with the availability of service information and 39% are quite satisfied with the adequacy of time bus stop.

Analisis Dasar Perencanaan Pelabuhan di Rencana Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) Baru - Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

In the transportation system, the port is a node in the chain of smooth sea and land transportation cargo, which then functions as a transition activity between modes of transportation. The importance of ports in a transportation system requires that each port have a basic framework for port development and construction plans. This basic framework is contained in a spatial development plan which is then described in stages of short, medium andl ong term development implementation. Port development studies are an integral activity in transportation planning in the development of the National Capital City (IKN). This research begins with an analysis of goods movement needs and location analysis. These two factors are the main factors determining port layout. Location analysis includes available land conditions, topographic conditions, hydrooceanographic conditions, including the available road network. It is known that the need for construction goods supplied from outside Kalimantan is 54,037,806 tons for 5 years. Thus, the annual average is 10.8 million tons. Assuming there are 260 working days in a year, then there is a flow of 41,569.2 tons per day. The existing port or terminal that will be developed into an IKN port is the PT Special Terminal. ITCI Hutani Manunggal (IHM) with planned activities for loading and unloading construction goods and the East Kalimantan Kariangau Port Terminal (KKT) loading and unloading civil logistics goods.

Conflicting regional policy goals: accessibility and segregation in the Helsinki metropolitan area

ABSTRACT Regional land use, housing, and transport (MAL) agreements between the Finnish state and municipalities in growth regions guide urban policy in the Helsinki metropolitan area towards regional cooperation and densification. Alongside economic growth and connectivity goals, segregation prevention is a visible but ill-defined social sustainability goal in these agreements, and anti-segregation measures lean heavily on providing new social housing in accessible locations. This tool, in turn, leans on a combination of social mixing, a traditional preventive tool in fighting segregation, and a new tool, maximising spatial justice through transit-oriented development. We argue that there is a discrepancy between these goals: while on an individual level, public transport accessibility is meant to reduce transport poverty and provide equal opportunities for employment and services, accessible areas fare lower than others in socioeconomic status. Therefore, increasing social rental housing in areas with lower socioeconomic status may unintentionally amplify segregation. This article asks how actors of different governance levels view concentrating social housing in accessible locations as a risk to segregation. Interviews show a concern of social challenges not being sufficiently addressed.

About the Main Directions of Transport Strategies of the State and Private Companies

The article discusses the main positive and negative factors that determine the volume of the cargo base of the east-west transboundary transport corridors passing through the territory of Georgia. The emphasis is placed on the problems of the development of rail transport to the Caspian Sea and water transport along the route of the Caspian and then the Black Sea. The new evolutionary concept for attracting additional cargo on Eurasian routes is proposed. In addition, the author discusses the global maritime container services, which are represented by transnational corporations that carry out significant assets in the world market, and own fleets of container ships, containers, container terminals in ports, dry ports, and land transport systems. Cargo shipping lines and a wide clientele were established. The article notes that business concentration processes continue in the market to ensure a continuous and efficient transport and logistics process, to reduce the cost of cargo delivery, to meet better the needs of customers, and to strengthen the competitive advantages compared to other maritime and land operators, trains. The work includes the examples of the world's largest companies in the field of container shipping: Maersk Lines (Denmark), Mediterranean Shipping Company (Switzerland), and CMA CGM (France), which have created a powerful alliance called the P3 Network, which includes the creation of Joint Vessel Traffic Operations Center. The alliance aims to provide the worthy European response to China's growing influence on the global transport sector. The article mentions Georgia's interest in integration into the European transport system. Keywords: Railway transport, transport corridors, containerization of cargo flows, transport engineering.

Optimization of Rice Distribution Network Based on Green Logistics Concept

SDGs or Sustainable Development Goals have become a global and national commitment. Greenhouse gases (GHG) are indicators of climate change which is one of the 17 SDG’s goals. In the national food logistics system with rice as a staple food, there are some regions with surplus production and other deficits. Hence, the distribution involved the transportation activities that need to be carried out. In transportation, the carbon footprints are generated from exhaust gases as residue from the fuel combustion process. The carbon footprint efficiency is one of the indicators in green logistics. Green logistics for decarbonization in the transportation sector for a better environment has to start massively. Indonesia is committed to implementing the green logistics concept in logistics distribution. In this case, the author determined the surplus area and the deficit one based on statistical data on the production and consumption of each city in Java. Furthermore, a distribution network model is designed that involves emission level as a parameter in determining the route on the network. In the design, the selected mode of freight transportation was limited to land transportation modes besides trains. The design makes environmental aspects a major consideration in the distribution as well as the shipping costs.
 Keywords: carbon footprint, emission factor, green logistics

Land Transportation Infrastructure and Economic Growth: An Assessment of the SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan

This Southern African Development Community (SADC), as a regional economic integration organization in Africa, has 16 member countries with rich natural resources and tourism resources, attracting the attention of global investors. Although the region's transport infrastructure is among the leading in Africa, it still lags far behind global standards. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of transport infrastructure in SADC, with a particular focus on road transport facilities within the region. Based on SADC's official "SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan Transport Sector Plan, 2012", this paper evaluates the current situation of its road transport infrastructure and conducts an in-depth analysis of the future road development plan in the plan. This research aims to reveal the challenges faced by SADC at the infrastructure level, and provide a comprehensive and in-depth perspective for policy makers, investors and other relevant stakeholders. At the same time, this study can provide some new ideas for future research and provide new solutions to the problems of transportation infrastructure in the SADC region.

Analysis of The Relationship of Land Transportation With GRDP in Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector, Car and Motorcycle Reparation

Transportation Land transportation influences national economic growth. Due to the existence of land transportation modes, the national economy can continue to grow from year to year. This study analyzed the variable relationship between land transportation through road length data, road condition data, and GRDP in the wholesale and retail trade sectors. The results of this study show that good national road conditions have a very low positive correlation (0.079). And has an insignificant relationship to GRDP (0.665 0.05). National road conditions have a shallow level of positive correlation (0.074). And has a negligible relationship to GRDP (0.679 0.05). Damaged national road conditions have a superficial negative correlation (-0.040). And has an insignificant relationship to GRDP (0.823 0.05). National road conditions severely damaged did not pass the requirements test, normality test results (0.024 0.05). Provincial road conditions are good, with a positive correlation (0.681). And has a significant relationship to GRDP (0.00 0.05). Medium local roads have a good level of positive correlation (0.586). And has a substantial relationship to GRDP (0.00 0.05). The condition of damaged provincial roads has a low negative correlation (-0.103). It has an insignificant relationship to GRDP (0.563 0.05). The condition of the badly damaged national road does not pass the requirements test, the normality test (0.024 0.05). Moderate district/city road conditions have an average positive correlation (0.356). And has a significant relationship to GRDP (0.039 0.05). The condition of district/city roads is damaged and has a shallow correlation level of (0.105). It has an insignificant relationship with GRDP (0.555 0.05). The condition of district/city roads is badly damaged and has a shallow correlation level of (0.105). It has an insignificant relationship with GRDP (0.555 0.05). The condition of district/city roads is damaged and has a shallow correlation level of (0.105). It has an insignificant relationship with GRDP (0.555 0.05). The condition of district/city roads is badly damaged and has a shallow correlation level of (0.105). It has an insignificant relationship with GRDP (0.555 0.05). The condition of district/city roads is damaged and has a shallow correlation level of (0.105). It has an insignificant relationship with GRDP (0.555 0.05). The condition of district/city roads is badly damaged and has a shallow correlation level of (0.105). It has an insignificant relationship with GRDP (0.555 0.05).

Multi-criteria assessment of inland and offshore carbon dioxide transport options

Transport is a key element of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, transport, and storage (CCTS) supply chains. Early movers, particularly inland emitters (e.g., in continental Europe), do not yet have access to a fully developed CO2 network infrastructure connecting them with the offshore storage hubs (e.g., in the European northern seas, as these belong to the first wave of storage infrastructure that will be developed in Europe). Therefore, specific source-to-sink CCTS supply chains combining and integrating different transport options must be developed and deployed first. In this work we analyse such transport options, which include (i) tank containers that can be transported by trucks, trains, barges, or ships, (ii) dedicated tanks permanently integrated into trucks, trains, barges, or ships, and (iii) pipelines. We develop general and portable methods, criteria, and correlations to determine the cost of transport through any given connection between two nodes in a CO2 network infrastructure, using any of the modes of transport above, as a function of distance and capacity. In particular, the correlations are based on real data collected through interviews with service providers and stakeholders. Based on the associated techno-economic assessment and the consideration of additional performance indicators of a more holistic nature, we carry out a multi-criteria assessment of the different transport options. Such multi-criteria approach allows for a holistic and transparent comparative assessment of the different alternatives for a whole CCTS supply chain, as illustrated with reference to a very specific connection.