Initial Power Conversion Efficiency Value Research Articles

A Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Layer for Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Herein, a new dopant‐free organic material, PV2000, as a stable hole transporting layer (HTL) for the fabrication of stable and efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is introduced. For this purpose, planar PSCs using a triple‐A cation perovskite composition are fabricated and the commonly used 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) HTL is replaced by dopant‐free PV2000 polymer. The characterization results disclose that the PV2000 has a great thermal stability, good hole mobility, and suitable band alignment that matches well with the valence band of triple‐A cation perovskite. After proper optimization of PV2000 film thickness, a planar PSC with maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.93% is achieved, which is comparable with the spiro‐based device (19.62%). Moreover, the PCE of the PV2000‐based device is further improved up to 20.5% using a band alignment engineering by deposition of thin layer of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at perovskite/HTL interface. More importantly, it is found that the thermal, moisture, and operational stabilities of the PSCs with PV2000 HTL are improved drastically compared with the spiro‐based devices, where the PSC with PV2000 retains ≈88% of its initial PCE value under continuous illumination for 250 h compared with the spiro‐based one (39%).

Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Based on CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Electron Transporting Layer with Superior UV Stability

Stability is the main challenge in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Finding new strategies is required to protect the PSCs from deteriorating agents such as humidity, heating, and illumination. Herein, a new electron transporting layer (ETL), i.e., CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), is proposed for the fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs. CdSe/ZnS QDs layer not only works as an ETL but also has downshifting property, which can improve both efficiency and stability of the PSCs. Using CdSe/ZnS QDs ETL with green emission, a PSC with maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18% is achieved. More importantly, the device shows great UV stability, much better than the device with TiO2 ETL, where it retains 90% of its initial PCE value after 75 h under continuous UV illumination.

Efficient and stable mesoporous perovskite solar cells using p-type poly (9-vinylcarbazole) modified the interface of perovskite/mesoporous TiO2 layers

A p-type poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVC) was inserted into the interface between perovskite and mesoporous TiO2 electron transport layers. The ultrathin PVC modified TiO2 layer can obviously improve the crystallinity of perovskite layer with less pinholes, passivate the interface and inhibit hole carriers transport into the interface of perovskite/TiO2 electron transport layers. The perovskite film modified with PVC shows larger grain sizes and more compact films, which helps to increase photocurrent and reduce the leak current of cells. The passivating interface with less hole carrier accumulation and hydrophobicity can greatly reduce carrier recombination, improve carrier transport and extraction abilities and cells stability. Therefore, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with PVC modified TiO2 layer exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.02%, which is remarkably higher than that (16.09%) of the reference cells. Furthermore, PSCs without and with PVC modification respectively retained 20% and 55% of the initial PCE values aging for 30 days at the relative humidity 15% in air without encapsulation. For thermal stability test, the pervoskite layers were heated for 10 h at 100 °C before further spin-coating Spiro-OMeTAD, PSCs with PVC modification were still remained 70% of the original PCEs, which is greatly higher than that (30%) of the reference cells. These results indicate that PSCs with PVC modified TiO2 layer can effectively improve PCEs and show better moisture resistance and thermal stability.

Automated Scalable Spray Coating of SnO2 for the Fabrication of Low‐Temperature Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

In the renewable energy field, the use of hybrid perovskite materials has opened up new directions to fabricate cost‐effective and highly efficient photovoltaic devices. Despite impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE), exceeding 25.2%, demonstrated on lab‐scale devices, scalability and stability of device are still topical issues. In this context, large‐area deposition procedures and automated fabrication protocols are required to achieve high throughput serial production of modules and panels. In this work, a spray‐coated tin oxide (SnO2) layer processed at low temperature for the realization of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules is demonstrated. Using sprayed Np‐SnO2 as the electron transport layer (ETL), a CH3NH3PbI3‐based solar device shows a maximum PCE of 16.77% (avg. 15.01%) comparable to 17% (avg. 15.5%) with respect to spin‐coated Np‐SnO2. Unencapsulated spray‐ and spin‐coated PSCs stored in 25 °C and 50% relative humidity show shelf life stability by retaining 85% of the initial PCE value after more than 1000 h. Moreover, the feasibility of fabrication of the modules with 15 cm2 active area is demonstrated, which reaches 9.37% of PCE from uniform spray‐deposited SnO2 film on a large area (20 × 20 cm2).

Toward ultra-thin and full functional perovskite solar cells by broadband light scattering management and efficient interfacial modification

Decreasing the thickness of perovskite absorption layer is significant for obtaining semi-transparent, tandem and flexible photovoltaic devices with high performance. However, the light harvesting would be influenced due to the limited absorption. Introducing plasmonic metal nanoparticles into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is regarded as a promising approach on the development of ultra-thin PSCs. In this work, gold nanostars (Au NSs) with strong local electromagnetic field and SnO2 surface modification layer were successfully incorporated into ultra-thin PSCs. This design increased light harvesting and carrier transporting. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the plasmon effect of Au NSs on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs with different thicknesses of the perovskite layer and observed that the deceased thickness of perovskite layer led to more intense PCE improvement as the same Au NSs were introduced. The ultra-thin PSCs with 250-nm perovskite layer show a PCE improvement from 15.34 to 18.50% after Au NSs/SnO2 modification, accounting for a maximum enhancement factor of 20.60%. Simultaneously, the modified PSCs with 400-nm perovskite layer exhibit a best reported PCE of 20.06% for the plasmonic PSCs, with an enhanced factor of 13.70% and enhanced light stability. More importantly, flexible, large area and semi-transparent PSCs were also achieved. The flexible devices show more than 90% of their initial PCE values after 100 bending cycles. Our result promises a facile way for developing efficient, flexible and semi-transparent PSCs with ultra-thin absorption layer.

Enhanced Stability of MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells using Poly(p-chloro-xylylene) Encapsulation

We demonstrated an effective poly(p-chloro-xylylene) (Parylene-C) encapsulation method for MAPbI3 solar cells. By structural and optical analysis, we confirmed that Parylene-C efficiently slowed the decomposition reaction in MAPbI3. From a water permeability test with different encapsulating materials, we found that Parylene-C-coated MAPbI3 perovskite was successfully passivated from reaction with water, owing to the hydrophobic behavior of Parylene-C. As a result, the Parylene-C-coated MAPbI3 solar cells showed better device stability than uncoated cells, virtually maintaining the initial power conversion efficiency value (15.5 ± 0.3%) for 196 h.

Ambient stable FAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells with a 2D-EDAPbI4 thin capping layer

Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskite materials are emerging as one of promising light-absorbing materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which show outstanding stability and defect passivation. Unfortunately, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of those stable 2D PSCs is still far behind that of 3D PSCs. Herein, we reported a simple in-situ growth technique for the ethylenediamine lead iodide (EDAPbI4) layer on the top of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) layer. The rationally designed layered architecture of 2D-3D perovskite film could improve the PCE of the PSCs. In addition, benefiting from the high moisture resistance and inhibited ion migration of EDAPbI4 layer, the 2D-3D-based devices showed obviously enhanced long-term stability, keeping the initial PCE value for 200 h and 90% of its initial PCE even after 500 h.

Efficient and Stable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Using PDTITT as a New Hole Transporting Layer

AbstractStability is the main challenge in the field of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Finding low‐cost and stable hole transporting layer (HTL) is an effective strategy to address this issue. Here, a new donor polymer, poly(5,5‐didecyl‐5H‐1,8‐dithia‐as‐indacenone‐alt‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PDTITT), is synthesized and employed as an HTL in PSCs, which has a suitable band alignment with respect to the double‐A cation perovskite film. Using PDTITT, the hole extraction in PSCs is greatly improved as compared to commonly used HTLs such as 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD), addressing the hysteresis issue. After careful optimization, an efficient PSC is achieved based on mesoscopic TiO2 electron transporting layer with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.42% based on PDTITT HTL, which is comparable with spiro‐OMeTAD‐based PSC (19.21%). Since spiro‐based PSCs suffer from stability issue, the operational stability in the PSC with PDTITT HTL is studied. It is found that the device with PDTITT retains 88% of its initial PCE value after 200 h under illumination, which is better than the spiro‐based PSC (54%).

Simultaneous Cesium and Acetate Coalloying Improves Efficiency and Stability of FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell with an Efficiency of 21.95%

A simple coalloying strategy is applied to improve the efficiency and stability of FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by using cesium acetate (CsAc) as an additive. It is found that the simultaneous incorporation of cation (Cs+) and anion (Ac−) into the FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 film is an effective approach to realize lattice contraction, grain size enlargement, photoelectric properties improvement, band structure modulation, and therefore the optimization of the efficiency and stability of PSCs. At optimal CsAc alloying, the FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 PSCs achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.95% and an average of over 21%. In addition, the alloyed PSCs retain 97% of their initial PCE values after aging for 55 days in air without encapsulation.

Highly efficient and stable planar CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cell with a new sensitive-dopant-free hole transport layer obtained via an effective surface passivation

Hole transport layers (HTLs) plays critical role in CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, few studies have been done to develop new and sensitive-dopant-free HTL for CsPbI2Br PSCs. Here, a low-cost fluorinated N',N',N'',N''-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene]-2,7-diamine (2mF-X59) was synthesized and applied as sensitive-dopant-free HTL into CsPbI2Br PSCs. After modified the 2mF-X59 and CsPbI2Br surface by 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquino-dimethane (F4-TCNQ), a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.42% was obtained for CsPbI2Br PSC with an impressive open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.23 V, which is higher than that of the most previously reported CsPbI2Br PSCs with the doped Spiro-OMeTAD. More importantly, the CsPbI2Br PSCs with the newly developed HTLs showed remarkable stability retaining more than 94% of their initial PCE value after aging in air for 30 days without encapsulation. Therefore, we firmly believe that our new 2mF-X59 HTL created via molecular engineering is a promising candidate for preparing high performance CsPbI2Br PSCs.

Organic solar cells of enhanced efficiency and stability using zinc oxide:zinc tungstate nanocomposite as electron extraction layer

Abstract In this work, the enhanced performance of inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) using zinc oxide (ZnO):polyoxometalate (POM), in particular sodium metatungstate (Na6H2W12O40), nanocomposite films as electron extraction layers (EELs) is demonstrated. The addition in the precursor solution of ZnO of sodium metatungstate results in the formation of ZnO:ZnWO4 nanocomposite as evidenced by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and photoluminescence measurements. The formation of ZnO:ZnWO4 heterointerface reduces the work function of the nanocomposite material leading to a more favorable electron extraction/transport at the organic blend/electron transport layer interface. Additionaly, the amount of zinc interstitial defects is suppressed having a profound positive effect on device stability. As a result, simultaneously improved open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) are obtained in the devices using the ZnO :ZnWO 4 nanocomposites. Therefore, both of the inverted BHJ OSCs composed of either poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) or P3HT:indene-C60 bisadduct (IC60BA) photoactive blends show a significant performance enhancement when using the nanocomposite electron extraction layer, exhibiting a 27% and 23%, respectively, improvement in their power conversion efficiency (PCE) values compared to the reference devices based on pristine ZnO. In addition, the devices with the ZnO :ZnWO 4 layer exhibit a remarkable stability enhancement retaining 95% of their initial PCE value upon storage for 500 h.

Flexible ITO-free organic solar cells over 10% by employing drop-coated conductive PEDOT:PSS transparent anodes

Highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) has been explored to fabricate flexible and stretchable conductors. Generally, PEDOT:PSS transparent anodes are prepared by spin-coating method. In this article, we adopt a method by dropping PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution on the PET plastic substrate to fabricate flexible electrodes. Compared with spin coating, drop-coating is simple and cost-effective with large-area fabrications. Through this method, we fabricated highly transparent conductive electrodes and systematically studied their electrical, optical, morphological and mechanical properties. With dimethyl sulfoxide/methanesulfonic acid (DMSO/MSA) treated PEDOT:PSS electrode, bendable devices based on non-fullerene system displayed an open-circuit voltage of 0.925 V, a fill factor of 70.74%, and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.23% under 100 mW cm−2 illumination, which retained over 80% of the initial PCE value after 1000 bending cycles. Based on the findings, drop-coated PEDOT:PSS electrodes exhibited high suitability for the development of large-area and high-efficiency printed solar cell modules in the future.

Graphene-Modified Tin Dioxide for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Electron Extraction and Reduced Hysteresis.

Tin dioxide (SnO2) as an efficient electron transport layer (ETL) has been demonstrated for emerging high-performance organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the low-temperature solution-processed SnO2 usually results in high trap-state density and current-voltage hysteresis. Here, we reported an effective strategy to solve this problem by incorporating graphene ink into the low-temperature processed SnO2 for planar structure PSCs. The electron extraction efficiency has been significantly improved with graphene-doped SnO2 ETL coupled with attenuated charge recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs based on the graphene-SnO2 ETL reached over 18% with negligible hysteresis. Incorporation of graphene into the ETL layer also enhanced the device stability retaining 90% of the initial PCE value after storing in ambient condition with a relative humidity of 40 ± 5% for 300 h. Our results provide an important insight into further efficiency boost in SnO2-based low-temperature processed PSCs.

Synergistic Crystal and Interface Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics

AbstractThe presence of bulk and surface defects in perovskite light harvesting materials limits the overall efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The formation of such defects is suppressed by adding methylammonium chloride (MACl) as a crystallization aid to the precursor solution to realize high‐quality, large‐grain triple A‐cation perovskite films and that are combined with judicious engineering of the perovskite interface with the electron and hole selective contact materials. A planar SnO2/TiO2 double layer oxide is introduced to ascertain fast electron extraction and the surface of the perovskite facing the hole conductor is treated with iodine dissolved in isopropanol to passivate surface trap states resulting in a retardation of radiationless carrier recombination. A maximum solar to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.65% and open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of ≈1.24 V with only ≈370 mV loss in potential with respect to the band gap are achieved, by applying these modifications. Additionally, the defect healing enhances the operational stability of the devices that retain 96%, 90%, and 85% of their initial PCE values after 500 h under continuously light illumination at 20, 50, and 65 °C, respectively, demonstrating one of the most stable planar PSCs reported so far.

Dual interfacial modifications by conjugated small-molecules and lanthanides doping for full functional perovskite solar cells

Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was reported to be over 23% with a variety of configurations including the optimization of photoactive material, selection of carrier transport layers and interface engineering. Critical concerns pertaining to the instability, hysteretic effects, reproduction, flexibility, large area and transparency, which may potentially hinder their commercialization still remain. In this work, an effective low-temperature electron beam (E-beam) approach for depositing lanthanides (Y3+, La3+, Ce3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Gd3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Lu3+) doped TiO2 as electron transport layer was developed for planar PSCs application. The lanthanide dopants, especially for Gd3+, could facilitate the charge transport behaviour and band gap optimization of TiO2. Additionally, small molecule DRCN5T was selected as an effective additive in anti-solvent to fill grain boundary and modify the quality of the perovskite film with a grain size of 1.3–2.0 µm. The modified PSCs exhibit a noticeably increased PCE from 19.0% to 20.53% with excellent long-term and light stability. More importantly, flexible, large area and transparent PSCs were also achieved. The flexible devices show more than 20% of their initial PCE values after 1000 bending cycles. The dual interfacial modification mechanism represents an attractive approach to achieve full functional PSCs.

Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated Through CsCl-Enhanced PbI2 Precursor via Sequential Deposition.

The fabrication of high-quality perovskite film highly relies on chemical composition and the synthesis method of perovskite. So far, sequentially deposited MA0.03 FA0.97 Pb(I0.97 Br0.03 )3 polycrystalline film is adopted to produce high-performance perovskite solar cells with record power conversion efficiency (PCE). Fewer grain boundaries and incorporation of inorganic cation (e.g., cesium) would further increase device performance via sequential deposition. Here, cesium chloride (CsCl) is introduced into lead iodide (PbI2 ) precursor solution that beneficially modulates the property of PbI2 film, leading to larger grains with cesium incorporation in the resulting perovskite film. The enlarged crystal grains originate from a slower nucleation process for CsCl-containing PbI2 film when reacting with formamidine iodide, confirmed by in situ confocal photoluminescence imaging. Photovoltaic devices based on CsCl-containing PbI2 film demonstrate a higher averaging efficiency of 21.3% than 20.3% of the devices without CsCl additives for reverse scan. More importantly, the device stability is improved by CsCl additives that retain over 90% of their initial PCE value after 4000 min tracking at maximum power point under 1-sun illumination. This work paves a way to further improve the photovoltaic performance of mixed-cation-halide perovskite solar cells via a sequential deposition method.

Surface Engineering of TiO2 ETL for Highly Efficient and Hysteresis‐Less Planar Perovskite Solar Cell (21.4%) with Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage and Stability

AbstractInterfacial studies and band alignment engineering on the electron transport layer (ETL) play a key role for fabrication of high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, an amorphous layer of SnO2 (a‐SnO2) between the TiO2 ETL and the perovskite absorber is inserted and the charge transport properties of the device are studied. The double‐layer structure of TiO2 compact layer (c‐TiO2) and a‐SnO2 ETL leads to modification of interface energetics, resulting in improved charge collection and decreased carrier recombination in PSCs. The optimized device based on a‐SnO2/c‐TiO2 ETL shows a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4% as compared to 19.33% for c‐TiO2 based device. Moreover, the modified device demonstrates a maximum open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.223 V with 387 mV loss in potential, which is among the highest reported value for PSCs with negligible hysteresis. The stability results show that the device on c‐TiO2/a‐SnO2 retains about 91% of its initial PCE value after 500 h light illumination, which is higher than pure c‐TiO2 (67%) based devices. Interestingly, using a‐SnO2/c‐TiO2 ETL the PCE loss was only 10% of initial value under continuous UV light illumination after 30 h, which is higher than that of c‐TiO2 based device (28% PCE loss).

Significant improvement in the photovoltaic stability of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells by the molecular level interaction of graphene oxide with a PEDOT: PSS composite hole transport layer

In this paper, we report on the use of molecular level interaction between a composite poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) and graphene oxide (GO) hole transport layer (HTL) to improve the long term stability and performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene): poly(3-hexylthiophene): 3′H-cyclopropa [8,25] [5,6] fullerene-C60-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid 3′-phenyl methyl ester (P3HT: PCBM)-based bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). The device employing this composite HTL demonstrated a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.82% with good reproducibility and retained over 30% of its initial PCE without encapsulation after 15 days under atmospheric conditions. This was a significant improvement compared with devices fabricated with either single GO or PEDOT: PSS HTLs, which retained only 26% and 0% of their initial PCE values of 3.16% and 4.00%, respectively. Hence, we imagine that this air resistant HTL composite will probably contribute significantly to the widespread commercialization of low cost and easily fabricated OSCs.

Improvement of current characteristic of perovskite solar cells using dodecanedioic acid modified TiO2 electron transporting layer

In the classical planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the electron conducting TiO2 layer shows lower conductivity than the hole transporting materials such as spiro-OMeTAD, which becomes one of the key problems in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. In this study, the surface of compact TiO2 layer is modified by a thin self-assembled dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) molecular layer. The TiO2 substrates are immersed into the DDDA solution for 0.5, 2.5, 4.5, 22 h, respectively. It is found that the PCE of PSCs is improved when using the DDDA modified TiO2, showing optimized PCE of 15.35%0.75% under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mWcm-2 after 4.5 h modification. The short current density (JSC) of the best device is improved from 20.34 mA cm-2 to 23.28 mA cm-2, with the PCE increasing from 14.17% to 15.92%. And it is found that the hysteresis of the PSC is also reduced remarkably with hysteresis index decreasing from 0.4288 to 0.2430. In the meantime, the device with DDDA modification shows a significant improvement in light stability, keeping 71% of its initial PCE value after 720 min exposure under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mW cm-2 without encapsulation. As a contrast, the device without DDDA modification keeps 59% of its initial PCE value under the same condition. To reveal the mechanism, we investigate the surface energy level change using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. It is found that after DDDA modification, the valence-band maximum energy (EVBM) of TiO2 decreases from -7.25 eV to -7.32 eV, and the conduction-band minimum energy (ECBM) of TiO2 from -4.05 eV to -4.12 eV. The shifting of energy level optimizes the energy level alignment at the interface between the TiO2 and perovskite. It promotes the transport of electrons from perovskite layer to compact TiO2 layer and obstructs the transport of holes from perovskite layer to compact TiO2 layer more effectively. In addition, the decrease of ECBM implies the increase of conductivity of TiO2. We further design a series of electrical experiments, and confirm that the modification improves the conductivity of TiO2 obviously with both contact resistance and thin-film resistance decreasing. In summary, our results indicate the enormous potential of the compact TiO2 layer with a thin self-assembled DDDA molecular layer modification to construct efficient and stable planar heterojunction PSCs for practical applications.

Constructing Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Interconnecting Perovskite Grains.

A high-quality perovskite film with interconnected perovskite grains was obtained by incorporating terephthalic acid (TPA) additive into the perovskite precursor solution. The presence of TPA changed the crystallization kinetics of the perovskite film and promoted lateral growth of grains in the vicinity of crystal boundaries. As a result, sheet-shaped perovskite was formed and covered onto the bottom grains, which made some adjacent grains partly merge together to form grains-interconnected perovskite film. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with TPA additive exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.51% with less hysteresis, which is obviously higher than that of pristine cells (15.53%). PSCs without and with TPA additive retain 18 and 51% of the initial PCE value, respectively, aging for 35 days exposed to relative humidity 30% in air without encapsulation. Furthermore, MAPbI3 film with TPA additive shows superior thermal stability to the pristine one under 100 °C baking. The results indicate that the presence of TPA in perovskite film can greatly improve the performance of PSCs as well as their moisture resistance and thermal stability.