Initial Particle Size Research Articles

Influence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as stabilizing agent on Pt nanoparticles in Pt/H-BEA catalyzed hydroconversion of n-hexadecane

Colloidal Pt particles prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent were loaded on acidic Beta zeolite, with the aim of obtaining bifunctional catalysts with controllable dispersion for the hydroconversion of n-hexadecane (n-C16). Among the different approaches to remove PVP, reduction was the most effective whilst maintaining the initial Pt particle size after deposition on the zeolite. The presence of small amounts of nitrogen- and carbon-containing products from PVP decomposition affected the acidity stronger than the Pt metal function. Therefore, it was not possible to establish the effect of Pt particle size on the performance of the Pt/Beta zeolites in n-C16 hydroconversion and the performance trends were dominated by the acidity differences. Small Pt particles on zeolite obtained by using high PVP/Pt ratios during the colloidal synthesis step presented lower Brønsted acidity than catalysts containing larger Pt particles. The resulting variations in Pt/H+ ratios led to a transition of observed ideal cracking behavior for weakly acidic catalysts (small Pt particles, larger amount of PVP residuals) to overcracking behavior for catalysts with stronger acidity. We find that the Pt/H+ ratio and the number of acid-catalyzed steps extrapolated to zero conversion are better indicators of ideal cracking behavior than the isomers yield.

A quantitative analysis of the ignition characteristics of fine iron particles

Ignition of iron particles in an oxidizing environment marks the onset of self-sustained combustion. The objective of the current study is to quantitatively examine the ignition characteristics of fine iron particles (i.e., 1µm- to 100µm-sized) governed by the kinetics of solid-phase iron oxidation. The oxidation rates are inversely proportional to the thickness of the oxide layer (i.e., following a parabolic rate law) and calibrated using the experimentally measured growth of iron-oxide layers over time. Steady-state (i.e., Semenov’s analysis) and unsteady analysis have been performed to probe the dependence of the critical gas temperature required to trigger a thermal runaway (namely, the ignition temperature Tign) on particle size, initial thickness of oxide layer, inert gas species, radiative heat loss, and the collective heating effect in a suspension of particles. Both analyses indicate that Tign depends on δ0, i.e., the ratio between the initial oxide layer thickness and particle size, regardless of the absolute size of the particle. The unsteady analysis predicts that, for δ0≲0.003, Tign becomes independent of δ0. Under standard conditions in air, Tign is approximately 1080 K for any particle size greater than 5µm. The ignition temperature decreases as the thermal conductivity of the oxidizing gas decreases. Radiative heat loss has a minor effect on Tign. The collective effect of a suspension of iron particles in reducing Tign is demonstrated. The transition behavior between kinetic-controlled and external-diffusion-controlled combustion regimes of an ignited iron particle is systematically examined. The influences of initial oxide-layer thickness and particle temperature on the ignition delay time, τign, of iron particles are parametrically probed. A d2-law scaling between τign and particle size is identified. Possible sources of inaccuracy are discussed.

The thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of porous α-SiC ceramics bonded with Ti3SiC2 and β-SiC via low temperature in-situ reaction sintering

Porous SiC ceramics have recently attracted wide attention for their applications in the electrically heatable filter. Further improvement of the thermal and electrical conductivity without sacrificing permeability is a critical parameter for such applications. In the present work, porous SiC/Ti3SiC2 ceramic composites with Ti3SiC2 and micro/nano SiC have been prepared from TiC/Si/α-SiC mixtures at a low sintering temperature (1400 °C). Nano-laminated Ti3SiC2 enhanced the electrical conductivity, while the good thermal conductivity was achieved through in-situ formed nano β-SiC and raw coarse α-SiC in the porous ceramics. Along with the increase of initial α-SiC particle size from 0.76 to 16.13 μm, the permeability, thermal and electrical conductivity improved due to the decreased porosity and increased pore size in porous SiC/Ti3SiC2 ceramics. The results suggested that the decoupling of the electrical conductivity from the thermal conductivity could be tuned by adjusting the initial α-SiC particle size.

Dynamic elution of residual ammonium leaching agent from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth tailings by magnesium chloride

The release of residual ammonium (RA) leaching agent from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth tailings would cause serious environmental pollution, and it was necessary to efficiently remove it from the ore body before the mine closure. In this study, occurrence states of the RA were determined and dynamic elution of RA from rare earth tailings by using magnesium chloride as eluent was investigated. Effects of initial concentration, pH, flow rate, and particle size on the ammonium removal efficiency were investigated, and variations of ammonium occurrence states before and after elution were determined. Lastly, elution mechanism was discussed. Results showed that removal efficiency of RA by magnesium chloride was significantly higher than that by deionized water, and elution efficiency of RA could reach about 95.7% at the optimum laboratory experiment conditions. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis illustrated that the residual ammonium was replaced by Mg2+ during the elution process, and occurrence state experimental results showed that 94.0% of water-soluble and adsorbable ammonium was eluted. The empirical kinetic equation of eluting RA by magnesium chloride was established as 1–2/3α-(1-α)2/3= 0.02*C00.6t. This study provided a valuable method for reducing environmental pollution caused by the release of the residual ammonium from the rare earth tailings.

Experimental and numerical study on slag deposition in solid rocket motor

In solid rocket motor the slag deposition may cause severe ablation of insulation and size change in throat area. Thus, the prediction of slag accumulation is of great significance to improve the safety of solid rocket motor. This study aims to explore the characteristics of slag deposition and its influencing factors by experiments and numerical simulation. As the input of the simulation, the size of the initial agglomerate was obtained firstly. Meanwhile, the size distribution of the particles in plume and the deposition mass in solid rocket motor were measured by ground firing test to validate the numerical model. Thereafter, a deposition prediction model coupling the combustion of aluminum particles was developed, in which the detailed effects of burning surface regression, particle size, detaching position and nozzle structure on slag deposition were explored. The results indicated that these parameters exert great influences on slag accumulation. As burning surface regresses, the slag deposition on nozzle decreases and its distribution becomes more uniform. With increasing initial particle size, the deposition rate increases obviously until 170 μm. Most of the deposition was caused by the aft segment of burning surface. For the effects of nozzle structure, the deposition mass drops with the decrease of convergence angle. And it is feasible to reduce the deposition by designing the profile of nozzle convergence to improve the engine safety.

Forecasting of reducing sugar yield from corncob after ultrafine grinding pretreatment based on GM(1,N) method and evaluation of biohydrogen production potential

Pretreatment of biomass helps to enhance reducing sugar yield from biomass during enzyme hydrolysis tests. Ultrafine grinding was applied to pretreat corncob. The effect of affecting factors including milling time, initial particle size and ball to power weight on the reducing sugar yield from corncob was investigated firstly. And then, an GM(1,N) model was constructed to model the ultrafine grinding pretreatment system predicting the reducing sugar yield from corncob based on experimental data, the results demonstrate GM(1,N) could predict the reducing sugar yield accurately and effectively without depending on the number of samples. The initial particle size was the most critical influential factor affecting reducing sugar yield according to the driving coefficient. The cumulative hydrogen yield was significantly affected by ultrafine grinding pretreatment, the hydrogen yield of pretreated corncob was 153.60 ± 5.8 mL/g total solids, which was higher than that of untreated corncob (113.20 ± 3.2 mL/g total solids).

Dynamic Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphorus Using MBCQ

Biochar is a new type of adsorption material with excellent performance, but it has some problems, such as light texture, poor sedimentation, and difficult recovery, which limits its practical application. In this study, biochar microspheres (MBCQ) were prepared by the sol–gel method using powdery biochar from Hydrocotyle vulgaris as raw material and sodium alginate as a granular carrier. Experiments were performed to investigate the dynamic adsorption characteristics of phosphorus by MBCQ in the adsorption column and the influences of particle size, initial phosphorus concentration, flow rate, and column height on the breakthrough curve. The results showed that the static adsorption properties of different particles varied and that 3-millimeter particles were optimal. The breakthrough time positively correlated with column height and negatively correlated with initial phosphorus concentration, flow rate, and particle size. Flow velocity significantly impacted breakthrough time and length of mass transfer. The bed depth/service time model accurately predicted the relationship between breakthrough times and column heights. When ct/c0 = 0.6, the average relative deviation between predicted and measured values was the lowest. The Thomas model described the MBCQ adsorption process of Ph (R2 > 0.95), which indicated that diffusion in MBCQ adsorption was not a rate-limiting step.

Size effect on interfacial pseudocapacitive contributions to lithium-ion storage in microscale carbon/TiO2 nanosheet composite

The research on pseudocapacitive characteristics is mostly focused on the nano- or submicron-scale metal-oxide electrode materials. However, the studies on related properties are still rare in the microscale materials. Electrode materials with a microscale particle size can exhibit higher tap density and lower specific surface areas, which are more conducive to commercial applications. Therefore, here we present a study about the effects of particle size on interfacial pseudocapacitive contributions to lithium-ion storage and the internal dynamics associated with the interfacial ion diffusions in two-dimensional microscale carbon/TiO2 nanosheet superlattice composites. The results reveal the initial particle size of the layered material exhibits significant effects on the kinetics of the pseudocapacitive redox reactions that lead to different rate behaviors. The higher reversible capacity will be achieved with the smaller particle size for the microscale-layered carbon/TiO2 nanosheets. A specific capacity of 512.5 mAh/g and a high pseudocapacitive reaction at a current of 0.1 A/g are achieved for carbon/TiO2 with a particle size of 4.3 μm. The excellent electrochemical properties of the microscale-layered carbon/TiO2 are attributed to the increase in the interfacial pseudocapacitive contribution, and the decrease in the ion diffusion path resulted from the decrease in the particle sizes.

Descriptive modelling of food powders reconstitution kinetics followed by laser granulometry

Reconstitution kinetics of various food powders in fixed mixing conditions were followed by laser granulometry. Obtained reconstitution profiles were fitted using a sum of first-order indicial responses. This descriptive modelling approach allowed linking each of the main reconstitution steps (swelling, dispersion, and solubilization) to a single first-order indicial response and characterizing their kinetics. Initial, maximal, and final median particle sizes; swelling, dispersion, and solubilization durations and rates; as well as an overall reconstitution time, were calculated from model parameters. This descriptive modelling approach was not successful for instant powders or powders composed of several major components having well different kinetics for the same reconstitution steps. The durations and rates of reconstitution steps were correlated with physicochemical properties of investigated powders in order to evidence the most influencing properties on food powders reconstitution: contents in lipids, sugars, fibers, and water, surface hydrophobicity, and mostly median particle size at dry state.

A new Ignition-Growth reaction rate model for shock initiation

Accurately predicting reactive flow is a challenge when characterizing an explosive under external shock stimuli as the shock initiation time is on the order of a microsecond. The present study constructs a new Ignition-Growth reaction rate model, which can describe the shock initiation processes of explosives with different initial densities, particle sizes and loading pressures by only one set of model parameters. Compared with the Lee-Tarver reaction rate model, the new Ignition-Growth reaction rate model describes better the shock initiation process of explosives and requires fewer model parameters. Moreover, the shock initiation of a 2, 4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN)-based melt-cast explosive RDA-2 (DNAN/HMX (octahydro- 1, 3, 5, 7-tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7-tetrazoncine)/aluminum) are investigated both experimentally and numerically. A series of shock initiation experiments is performed with manganin piezoresistive pressure gauges and corresponding numerical simulations are carried out with the new Ignition-Growth reaction rate model. The RDA-2 explosive is found to have higher critical initiation pressure and lower shock sensitivity than traditional explosives (such as the Comp. B explosive). The calibrated reaction rate model parameters of RDA-2 could provide numerical basis for its further application.

In-Depth Understanding of Granule Compression Behavior under Variable Raw Material and Processing Conditions.

Tablet manufacturing involves the processing of raw materials through several unit operations. Thus, the mitigation of input-induced variability should also consider the downstream processability of intermediary products. The objective of the present work was to study the effect of variable raw materials and processing conditions on the compression properties of granules containing two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and microcrystalline cellulose. Differences in compressibility and tabletability of granules were highlighted in function of the initial particle size of the first API, granule polydispersity and fragmentation. Moreover, interactions were underlined with the atomizing pressure. Changing the supplier of the second API was efficiently controlled by adapting the binder addition rate and atomizing pressure during granulation, considering the starting crystal size. By fitting mathematical models on the available compression data, the influence of diluent source on granule compactibility and tabletability was identified. These differences resumed to the ease of compaction, tableting capacity and pressure sensitivity index due to variable water binding capacity of microcrystalline cellulose. Building the design space enabled the identification of suitable API types and the appropriate processing conditions (spray rate, atomizing pressure, compression force) required to ensure the desired tableting performance.

Effect of initial powder particle size on permeability and corrosion behavior of biomedical porous Ti6Al4V alloy prepared by powder metallurgy technique

In this work, the influence of initial powder particle size on the properties of biomedical porous Ti6Al4V alloys prepared by the space holder method was investigated. The results show that the particle size of the initial powders has a strong impact on the permeability, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the obtained porous Ti6Al4V alloys. When the mean particle size increases from dm ~ 17 ?m to dm ~ 43 ?m, the permeability of the resulted alloys increased about 47 folds, from 6.74?10-13 to 3.15?10-11 m2. On the contrary, the yield strength and modulus decreased from 207 MPa and 4.52 GPa to 98.1 MPa and 3.1 GPa, respectively. In this process, the macropores are defined by the space holders, the micropores presented on the cell walls are generated from partial sintering of powders which have an important role in the enhancement of the connectivity between macropores, porosity and hence, the permeability of porous materials. It is found that using the bigger particles led to the higher corrosion current density, Icorr due to the increase of the contact area with the simulated body fluid solution.

Исследование особенностей высокотемпературной деформации керамик из чистого карбида вольфрама с различным размером зерна

The mechanism of high-temperature creep deformation during compression tests of binderless tungsten carbide specimens with different initial particle size was studied. Tungsten carbide samples with high relative density (96.1 – 99.2 %) were obtained by high-speed spark plasma sintering (SPS) from nano-, submicron-, and micron-sized α-WC powders. The creep tests were carried out in two modes: isothermal soaking at different temperatures (1300 – 1375 °C) at a given stress, allowing to estimate the activation energy of creep, and tests by “stress jumps” at 1325 °C, allowing to estimate the value of the coefficient n in the creep equation. It is shown that the value of creep activation energy in ultrafine grained tungsten carbide with grain size ~ 0.15 µm sintered from plasma chemical nanopowders is ~ 31 kTm. This value is 1.5 – 2 times higher than the creep activation energy in fine-grained tungsten carbide samples obtained by SPS from submicron (~ 0.8 μm) and micron (~ 3 μm) industrial powders. It was found that the value of the coefficient n varies from 2.4 to 3.1, which corresponds to the case of motion of lattice dislocations in the field of uniformly located point obstacles. It has been suggested that one of the reasons for the increase in creep activation energy in tests of tungsten carbide is an increased volume fraction of W2C low carbide particles formed during high-speed sintering of plasma-chemical α-WC nanopowders with an increased concentration of adsorbed oxygen.

New Empirical Formulation for the Sublimational Breakup of Graupel and Dendritic Snow

Abstract Ice fragments are generated by sublimation of ice particles in subsaturated conditions in natural clouds. Conceivably, such sublimational breakup would be expected to cause ice multiplication in natural clouds. Any fragment that survives will grow to become ice precipitation that may sublimate and fragment further. As a first step toward assessing this overlooked process, a formulation is proposed for the number of ice fragments from sublimation of ice particles for an atmospheric model. This is done by amalgamating laboratory observations from previously published studies. The concept of a “sublimated mass activity spectrum” for the breakup is applied to the dataset. The number of ice fragments is determined by the relative humidity over ice and the initial size of the parent ice particles. The new formulation applies to dendritic crystals and heavily rimed particles only. Finally, a thought experiment is performed for an idealized scenario of subsaturation with in-cloud descent. Scaling analysis yields an estimate of an ice enhancement ratio of about 5 (10) within a weak deep convective downdraft of about 2 m s−1, for an initial monodisperse population of dendritic snow (graupel) particles of 3 L−1 and 2 mm. During descent, there is a dynamic equilibrium between continual emission of fragments and their depletion by sublimation. A simplified bin microphysics parcel model exhibits this dynamical quasi equilibrium, consistent with the thought experiment. The fragments have average lifetimes of around 90 and 70 s for dendrites and graupel, respectively. Sublimational breakup is predicted to cause significant secondary ice production.

Removal of methylene blue pollutant from the textile industry by adsorption onto Zeolithe: Kinetic and thermodynamic study

In the textile industry, various acidic, basic and reactive dyes are used for different applications; the aim of this study is to eliminate Methylene blue (MB) a dangerous dye by a zeolithe produced at low economic cost by adsorption in batch mode. The adsorbent was characterized by the FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and point of zero charge (pHpzc = 10.42). Some examined factors were found to have a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of the zeolithe like the initial dye concentration (5–25 mg/L), solution pH (2–14), adsorbent dose (0.1–2 g/L), agitation speed (150–500 rpm), particles size (100–500 µm) and temperature (298–333 K). The best capacity was found at pH 6 with an adsorbent dose 0.2 g/L, an agitation speed 200 rpm and a contact time of 40 min. Modeling the Kinetics and Isotherms data shows respectively that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm provide better fitness to the experimental data with the maximum adsorption capacity of 12.50 mg/g at 25°C. The adsorption isotherms at different temperatures have been used for the determination of the free energy (ΔG°); enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) to predict the nature of MB adsorption. The positive values of ΔG° and ΔH° indicate a non-spontaneous and endothermic MB adsorption with a physisorption process. The adsorbent elaborated from the zeolithe was found to efficient and suitable for the removal of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions, due to its, low cost preparation and good adsorption capacity. The photocatalysis of MB in the presence of hybrid semiconductor (TiO2/Zeolithe) constitutes the logical continuation of this study.

Adsorption of Chromium (VI) Using Nano-ZnO Doped Scrap Tire-Derived Activated Carbon

Nowadays, nano mineral modified biochars show a promising adsorption capacity for pollutants removals by combining the advantages of porous structure of biochar and unique property of nano minerals. In this work, nano-zinc oxide doped scrap tire derived activated carbon (nZnO-STAC) was synthesized by wetness impregnation method. Equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models while the kinetics of the process were examined using Lagergren Pseudo-first and second order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models. Characterization of the activated carbon by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). The surface groups present on the activated carbon surface were determined using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Optimization studies were carried out to determine the effects of pH, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time and adsorbent particle size on the Cr (VI) removal efficiency. The results showed optimum Cr (VI) removal at pH 3, 10 mg/L concentration, 120 minutes of contact using 1000 - 1400 μm adsorbent particle size at a dosage of 2.5 g/L. The adsorbent structure was found to be predominantly amorphous. The chromium removal efficiency of the adsorbent was around 81.6%. Of the tested kinetic models, the pseudo-second order model exhibited the best fit with the experimental data with an R2 value of 0.9744. This study clearly demonstrates the feasibility of using the nano-ZnO doped scrap tyre derived activated carbon adsorbent for the remediation of chromium (VI) polluted industrial wastewaters.

Adsorptive removal of chromium from aqueous solutions using flax (Linum usitatissimum): Kinetics and equilibrium studies

Chromium (Cr) ions, discharging from different industrial activities, especially from leather tanning industries, are becoming a major threat for the environment and human health. Therefore, elimination of chromium ions from industrial effluents should be addressed with great attention. Hence, this study was conducted for evaluating the possibilities of using an agricultural waste “flax” to eliminate Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions. In order to assess the effects of various experimental parameters (i.e., contact time, pH, adsorbent amount, initial chromium ion concentration and particle size) on Cr (III) ions adsorption process, the batch adsorption study was conducted. This study revealed that adsorption of Cr (III) ions by flax required 420 min to reach equilibrium. On the other hand, the maximum (~70%) Cr (III) ions removal was observed at pH value of 2.0. The desorption efficiency with 0.5 M KOH was found to be 90%. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were in better correlation with experimental data, according to equilibrium studies. Kinetic experiments showed that the first order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.01 min−1. Use of real wastewater sample became a great success for removing of Cr (III). This result suggests that the flax plant has the potentiality to become an effective and environmentally friendly economical adsorbent for the removal of Cr (III) ions significantly from waste water.

Powder Particle Size Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed ODS Ferritic Steels

Reduced activation ferritic (RAF) steels are expected to be widely used in challenging nuclear industrial applications under severe thermo-mechanical regimes and intense neutron loads. Therefore, actual research panorama is facing the strengthening strategies necessary to maximize both performance and endurance under these conditions. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) RAF steels are leader candidates as structural materials in fusion energy reactors thanks to the reinforcement obtained with a fine dispersion of nanosized oxides in their matrix. In this study, the influence of the initial powder particle size and the selected processing route on the final material has been investigated. Two RAF ODS steels coming from atomized pre-alloyed powders with nominal particle powder sizes of 70 and 30 µm and composition Fe-14Cr-2W-0.4Ti-0.3Y2O3 (wt. %) were manufactured by mechanical alloying. Alloyed powders were compacted by hot isostatic pressing, hot crossed rolled, and annealed at 1273 K. Initial powder particle size differences minimize after milling. Both steels present an almost completely recrystallized material and similar grain sizes. The same type and distributions of secondary phases, Cr-W-rich, Ti-rich, and Y-Ti oxide nanoparticles, have been also characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in both alloy samples. The strengthening effect has been confirmed by tensile and Charpy impact tests. The two alloys present similar strength values with slightly better ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and ductility for the steel produced with the smaller powder size.

Real-time observation and quantification of carbon black oxidation in an environmental transmission electron microscope: Impact of particle size and electron beam

Carbon black oxidation is a post-treatment method to control its properties for different applications, and its outcomes may depend on the particle size. Three different sizes of carbon blacks were oxidized in an environmental transmission electron microscope to study the size effect on their oxidation pathway and rate. The oxidation at the nanoscale has been quantified using the ASTM D3849-14a standard method for the carbon blacks and compared with the theory of solid particle burning, i.e., D2 law. This comparison confirms the validity of the diffusion-controlled burning model for all three samples oxidized at 800°C in the presence of oxygen molecules. Electron microscope images show surface burning is the governing mode under this condition. Oxidation under electron-beam irradiation shows that the oxidation rate reduces by ∼0%, 30%, and 80% for particles with 33, 112, and 356 nm in diameter, respectively. The results suggest that the electron beam is causing the atomic bonds to break and transform to the graphitic structure at relatively high temperatures (e.g., 800°C) that causes oxidation rate reduction in larger particles. Despite the reduction in oxidation rate as the initial size of carbon particles increases, observations show that surface burning is the dominant mode under electron-beam irradiation.

Optimized endogenous lipid concomitants in flaxseed oil by different oil extraction technologies: Their positive roles in emulsions

In this study, different oil extraction technologies were used to obtain flaxseed oil with different lipid concomitants, and the influences of endogenous lipid concomitants on the stability and digestion properties of flaxseed oil emulsions were investigated. Compared with cold-press (CP), microwave pretreatment coupled with cold-press (MPCP) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) contributed to the accumulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic lipid concomitants, respectively. Subcritical fluid extraction (SFE) and supercritical CO2 extraction (SCO2E) were conducive to the accumulation of amphipathic lipid concomitants. After emulsification, ASE-flaxseed oil emulsions had the lowest initial particle size due to the high content of amphiphilic lipid concomitants phospholipids. Phospholipids are spontaneously adsorbed on the interface of flaxseed oil and water. Antioxidative lipid concomitants (phenols, phytosterols, carotenoids, flavonoids, and cyclolinopeptides (CLs)) in MPCP-flaxseed oil improved the oxidative stability of emulsions. After digestion, ASE-flaxseed oil emulsion presented the highest FFAs% (∼78%) owing to smaller particle size. The release of FFAs decreased by 5%–10% in MPCP-, SCO2E-, and SFE-flaxseed oil emulsions ascribed to the high content of phenols. In conclusion, MPCP and ASE are powerful flaxseed oil extraction technologies for improving the stability and digestion of emulsions, respectively.