Initial Engagement Research Articles

A worldwide study on language educators’ initial response to ChatGPT

This exploratory study investigated how 367 university language educators from 48 countries/regions responded to ChatGPT in the first 10 weeks after its release. It explored awareness, use, attitudes and perceived impact through a survey collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. Most participants demonstrated moderate awareness, but little teaching application. Around half had used ChatGPT in some way, but only 16% for educational purposes. Interest was high but many concerns were raised, particularly about misuse. Most agreed to a likely future use for creating materials, but were less open to use it as a writing feedback assistant or for automated assessment. Perceptions of the impact of ChatGPT were cautiously optimistic, with more positivity from hands-on users. Concerns focused on misuse, while benefits were noted in terms of efficiency. Qualitative data were analysed using an adapted version of the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), which revealed that teachers were primarily in the early ‘awareness’ or ‘personal’ stages of concern, suggesting a gradual adoption process. Key implications are that educators need support in developing skills for pedagogical applications of ChatGPT, while critically evaluating appropriate use. More empirical evidence on effective practices is needed. This timely study provides baseline data on language teachers’ initial engagement with ChatGPT, highlighting promising directions but also remaining concerns. Further research can track how responses evolve.

Leveraging Measurement-Based Care to Reduce Mental Health Treatment Disparities for Populations of Color.

Disparities in mental health treatment have consistently been documented for clients of color as compared to White clients. Most mental health care disparities literature focuses on access to care at the point of initial engagement to treatment, resulting in a dearth of viable solutions being explored to retain clients in care once they begin. Measurement-based care (MBC) is a person-centered practice that has been shown to improve the therapeutic relationship, make treatment more personalized, and empower the client to have an active role in their care. Problems with therapeutic alliance and treatment relevance are associated with early termination for communities of color in mental health services. However, MBC has not been explored as a clinical practice to address therapeutic alliance and continual engagement for people of color seeking mental health care. This Point of View describes several MBC features that may be able to impact current sources of disparity in mental health treatment quality and provides a rationale for each. Our hope is that the field of MBC and progress feedback will more explicitly consider the potential of MBC practices to promote equity and parity in mental health services of color and will start to explore these associations empirically. We also discuss whether MBC should be culturally adapted to optimize its relevance and effectiveness for communities of color and other groups experiencing marginalization. We propose that MBC has promise to promote equitable mental health service quality and outcomes for communities of color.

Teacher strategies to support student navigation of uncertainty: Considering the dynamic nature of scientific uncertainty throughout phases of sensemaking

AbstractSensemaking has been advocated as a core practice of science education to support students in constructing their own understanding through a prolonged trajectory. However, the field lacks a discussion of teaching strategies that can better support students as they develop in the trajectory of sensemaking, which includes four phases: initial engagement with a driving question related to a target phenomenon; identification of incoherence and insufficiency in existing understanding; exploration of multiple resources to help develop plausible explanations; and synthesis of solutions and application of new understanding to interpret the target phenomenon. With the view that students' scientific uncertainty, including conceptual and epistemic uncertainties, can motivate or drive the trajectory of sensemaking coherent with students' understanding, this multiple case study examined how two science teachers, one from South Korea and one from the USA, supported students to navigate their scientific uncertainties to shape a trajectory of sensemaking that is coherent to them. Transcripts of video recordings of classroom discourses and student‐created artifacts were analyzed. We identified the dynamic nature of students' scientific uncertainties in the four phases and the teaching strategies in each phase. Three main findings emerged from this study: (1) student uncertainty as a key not only to initiate the trajectory of sensemaking meaningfully but also to continuously develop the trajectory along a coherent pathway, (2) conceptual and epistemic uncertainties having different roles in building different phases of sensemaking, and (3) teaching strategies that support student navigation of scientific uncertainty that drives the trajectory of sensemaking.

Codes of Conduct at Zoos: A Case Study of the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding

Zoos consistently implement codes of conduct in efforts to manage visitor behaviour. However, few studies have examined the use of the codes of conduct in zoos, even though they carry significant ethical implications regarding the relationship between humans and animals in society. This study provides an explorative investigation into the use of codes of conduct at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding (Panda Base). Positioning the Panda Base as a place to negotiate the boundaries between humans and animals, this study surveyed visitors’ initial engagement with the Base’s code of conduct, their compliance with the code, and their assessment of the code. The findings point to a significant disparity between how visitors engage with and perceive the value of the code, which failed to prevent visitors from having close contact with animals at the Panda Base. We argue that Foucault’s philosophy on taboos in modern society can help us understand the ineffectiveness of the codes of conduct in zoos. However, Kant’s philosophy can orient human-animal interactions more ethically and provide an opportunity to consider the significance of codes of conduct in zoos. Suggestions for improving the effectiveness of codes of conduct at zoos are provided.

The Status of Scholar-Activism in South Korean Sport: Challenges and Implications for Advancement

In the current study, we aimed to explore the status of scholar-activism in the South Korean sport and the transnational relationship and solidarity for scholarly activism. Using narrative inquiry as a method, we interviewed scholar-activists in the South Korean sport field who have extensive experiences engaging in sport-based activism. Their experiences are presented in a format of narrated stories, chronologically describing their initial engagement with scholar-activism, constraints to their activist work, and suggestions for the future practice. Findings indicate that their educational background motivated their engagement in social activism work, but various sociocultural constraints in South Korean society posed notable challenges to advancing their activist agenda and scholarly career. Specifically, the ongoing conservatism and anti-progressive Confucian culture has stigmatized scholar-activism. Based on the findings, we suggest that transnational solidarity among scholar-activists and cross-field collaborations will help advance scholar-activism.

A report on recommendations for the most suitable financial contribution model for the Distributed System of Scientific Collections Research Infrastructure (DiSSCo-RI)

A key consideration during the preparatory phase project DiSSCo Prepare – which laid the foundations for the future Research Infrastructure DiSSCo (Distributed System of Scientific Collections) – was the need to establish a small number of alternative viable financial contribution models and a scalable formula which could be presented to potential funders, with a view to obtaining the minimum financial contribution necessary for DiSSCo to operate, as well as considering how the RI could grow with increased national funding. This report briefly explains the ERIC funding framework – as chosen for DiSSCo – and its legal constraints, in order to explain the key role played by national member contributions in the viability of an ERIC. An essential annex of the statutes that will be signed by all members of the ERIC is the member fee calculation. A proposal for the DiSSCo member fee calculation is set out in this document and is based on three main indicators: economic power (GDP), annual spending in research and development and population size. In the context of DiSSCo – and to ensure the ERIC can function – these indicators are connected to a fixed baseline fee of €50,000, in order to guarantee a minimum significant annual contribution from each participating country and avoid contributions that will be more expensive to manage than to benefit from. This baseline is multiplied by contribution factors which propose different ways to weight the various indicators. The method is established on an ideal scenario, whereby all 27 EU members, as well as the UK, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland sign the DiSSCo statutes and agree to the proposed member contribution calculation, amounting to €4.5 million for the annual budget of the ERIC. This scenario remains highly unlikely; therefore, a scaled approach has been envisaged, meaning the initial engagement of some countries will allow DiSSCo to begin its operation and implement its business strategy, whilst the growth of the ERIC and its activities is likely to evolve proportionally to the number of national members it is able to engage. This report also looks at the ways in which funding could be distributed amongst the DiSSCo members in order to implement decentralised services.

Kirishitan Women in Bondage Defying Persecution in Japan, 1625-1630

This article inspects cases of three Kirishitan (Christian) women servants in the Jesuit accounts of Shimabara, Japan, between 1625 and 1630, arguing that global and national changes resulted in the worsened enslaving conditions for servant-class women in Japan. The arrival of Portuguese traders and the Jesuit mission in the mid-sixteenth century, the Jesuits’ initial engagement in the slave trade, the ongoing civil wars, Japan’s invasion of Korea, the shogunate’s total ban of Christianity and Iberian commerce, and its consolidation of patriarchal structures by the 1640s accelerated the decline of women’s status. The sources, read in this context, show that under severe religious persecution, these women’s Kirishitan identity was crucial in their resistance to the multiple systems of oppression. This article is part of the special theme section on Women, Children, and Enslaved People in the Portuguese Empire in Asia, 16th-18th Centuries, guest-edited by Rozely Vigas and Rômulo Ehalt.

How changes in laughter predict work engagement and workaholism: reciprocal relationships among Japanese employees.

Laughter is related to better well-being in daily life. Previous cross-sectional research among employees showed a positive relationship between laughter and work-related well-being (i.e., work engagement). However, longitudinal and even bidirectional relationships have not been yet explored. This study thus investigated the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships of laughter, with work engagement and workaholism as positive and negative aspects of work-related well-being. Specifically, we conducted two-wave web-based surveys among Japanese employees via an Internet survey company with a one-year interval, and 855 valid data were analyzed. The hypotheses were then tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that increases in laughter during the previous year were positively and negatively related to future work engagement and workaholism, respectively. In addition, through changes in laughter, the initial work engagement led to future work engagement (gain cycle), whereas initial workaholism led to future workaholism (loss cycle). These findings suggest that laughter and work-related well-being influence each other reciprocally rather than unidirectionally. This underlines the importance of studying reversed as well as regular causal effects in the relationship between laughter and employee well-being.

An Analysis of Congressman Bennie Thompson’s Leadership in Advancing Equality and Democracy in America

This article analyzes Congressman Bennie Thompson’s leadership role in the fight for equality and justice for all Americans and his fight to maintain and sustain the democracy experiment in America. The analysis examines the political trajectory of the subject in question, casting light on their initial engagement and underlying motivations. Additionally, this article examines the strategies and initiatives utilized by Thompson. This study aims to assess the impact of Thompson’s leadership on advancing equity and democracy in the United States by thoroughly analyzing his policies, legislative achievements, and public advocacy. Finally, it looks at Thompson’s political career, casting light on the efficacy and significance of his efforts to advance a society characterized by justice and democracy.

‘Delicate ironies quite imperceptible on its surface’: Henry S. Whitehead's weird tales and American empire in the Caribbean

AbstractThis article mounts an initial exploratory engagement with the weird fiction of Henry S. Whitehead, framed by American imperial expansion into the Caribbean in the interwar years. It situates Whitehead and his work within the wider historical context and shows how Whitehead himself used and played with history as part of his fiction. The article considers the role of light in Whitehead's fiction and imperial projects, as well as the way that Whitehead's work, as horror fiction, both shapes and seeks to dispel notions of the Caribbean as a space of horror. As well as offering some initial conclusions, the article seeks to open further lines for future investigation.

Assessing acceptability and effectiveness of a pleasure-oriented sexual and reproductive health chatbot in Kenya: an exploratory mixed-methods study

Integrating pleasure may be a successful strategy for reaching young people with sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) interventions. However, sexual pleasure-related programming and research remains sparse. We aimed to assess chatbot acceptability and describe changes in SRHR attitudes and behaviours among Kenyan young adults engaging with a pleasure-oriented SRHR chatbot. We used an exploratory mixed-methods study design. Between November 2021 and January 2022, participants completed a self-administered online questionnaire before and after chatbot engagement. In-depth phone interviews were conducted among a select group of participants after their initial chatbot engagement. Quantitative data were analysed using paired analyses and interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis. Of 301 baseline participants, 38% (115/301) completed the endline survey, with no measured baseline differences between participants who did and did not complete the endline survey. In-depth interviews were conducted among 41 participants. We observed higher satisfaction at endline vs. baseline on reported ability to exercise sexual rights (P ≤ 0.01), confidence discussing contraception (P ≤ 0.02) and sexual feelings/needs (P ≤ 0.001) with their sexual partner(s). Qualitative interviews indicated that most participants valued the chatbot as a confidential and free-of-judgment source of trustworthy “on-demand” SRHR information. Participants reported improvements in sex-positive communication with partners and safer sex practices due to new learnings from the chatbot. We observed increases in SRHR empowerment among young Kenyans after engagement with the chatbot. Integrating sexual pleasure into traditional SRHR content delivered through digital tools is a promising strategy to advance positive SRHR attitudes and practices among youth.

Development and Validation of Student Engagement Questionnaire

Introduction: Medical students drop out rate in Pakistan is very high. In our country, only 84% of students graduate, which is significantly lower than the average for developing nations. Class engagement, has been identified as a solution to the failures, dropouts and motivational lacking of students. Being multifaceted construct, the problems of defining engagement have also led to inconsistencies in measurements too. Most of the previous student engagement questionnaires had lack of information regarding their reliability and validity, transparency and auditability. They were long and complex to understand and only measures the behavioral and social engagement. So there is a need to develop questionnaires that is short, freely available and can easily be understood by all stakeholders involved in teaching and learning. Aims & Objectives: To develop a questionnaire to assess the engagement of undergraduate medical students during classroom activities. Place and Duration of Study: This was mixed method study, conducted at the University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore between November 2022 &May 2023under the guidelines of AMEE Guide 87. Material & Methods: After receiving consent, the first draft of the questionnaire was distributed to 14 clinical and basic science subject experts, as well as medical educators, for qualitative and content validation. To determine the response process and to address any misunderstandings regarding the significance of questionnaire items, cognitive interviews with six students were conducted. Responses from 210 undergraduate medical and dentistry students were used to gauge reliability. SPSS version 23 was used to evaluate the questionnaires, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant For the scale, an internal consistency of between 0.50 and 0.70 according to Cronbach's alpha was deemed sufficient Results: There were 14 experts who gave qualitative expert validation. The initial student engagement questionnaire contained 49 items to measure 5 theoretical constructs, and were modified to make them more comprehensible and applicable. The questionnaire’s overall scale validity index was 0.84. After the cognitive interviews, there were just twenty items left. Content validation was finished in two rounds with 20 final items, yielding acceptable values of SI- CVI 0.83 & CCA 2.8. After the questionnaire had undergone pilot testing, 210 students filled it out, and the reliability of the survey was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, which came out to be 0.721. Conclusion: Medical colleges can use this valid and reliable student engagement questionnaire to assess students' emotional, behavioral, and cognitive involvement in class.

Abstract 290: Initial Engagement in a Novel Online Support Community for Cardiac Arrest Survivors, Co-Survivors, Lay Rescuers, and Advocates

Background: Cardiac arrest survivors often experience physical, cognitive, emotional, and social challenges that can linger for years. Co-survivors and lay rescuers can also experience distress. In 2023, Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation (SCAF) created the Cardiac Arrest Survivor Alliance™ (CASA), an online community to support these individuals. CASA offers evidence-based information about common challenges post-arrest, easy connection with peers, access to experts, and pathways to further clinical support. To measure early dissemination, we examined CASA’s community engagement and growth through the first 5 months. Methods: We built CASA using Mighty Networks (MN), assembled a leadership team including researchers and clinicians with expertise in post-resuscitation quality of life, and launched the community in mid-January 2023. We recruited members through SCAF’s Survivor Network and outreach via its website, newsletters, and social media. We obtained analytic reports to evaluate engagement and growth of CASA during the first 5 months of operation. Results: By mid-June 2023, there were 868 members from the U.S. and 21 other countries. Based on preliminary data, approximately 75% of members are survivors. Initial growth resulted from SCAF outreach and is continuing organically through internet searches and member outreach. During the 5-month period, there were: 6,829 contributions (sum of actions taken by hosts, moderators and members including posts, “cheers,” comments, chat messages, direct [private] messages [DMs], and RSVPs), 858 active members (total members who visited during the 5-month period), and 376 unique members providing contributions. Members are not only engaging publicly, but also privately; 344 members (40%) have sent 1,944 DMs. MN considers communities to be successful if 15% or more members send DMs. CASA also provides monthly webinars with guided discussions led by experts. Attendance has ranged from 22 to 47 participants. Conclusion: In the 5 months since its launch, the CASA community is engaged and continually growing. Future plans include providing additional evidence-based content, outreach to hospitals and targeted healthcare professionals, and collaboration with program partners to grow the CASA community.

Nonsuicidal self-injury characteristics: A mixed methods analysis of differences between veterans and civilians

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a well-established risk factor for suicidal behavior, with certain NSSI characteristics being associated with increased risk. In the United States (U.S.), the veteran suicide rate is elevated, though lifetime prevalence rates of NSSI appear similar between veterans and civilians. There is limited research that directly compares veterans and civilians across multiple NSSI characteristics to examine between-group differences in NSSI behavior and provide important context for the application of NSSI research with the veteran population. This study examined differences between U.S. veterans and civilians with a history of suicidal ideation across several NSSI characteristics, including method, severity, age of onset, shame, distress, and reason for initial NSSI engagement. A sample of 527 veterans and civilians completed measures of direct and indirect NSSI behaviors along with supplemental questions designed to further assess endorsed NSSI behaviors. Additionally, respondents provided written responses to an open-ended question about their reasons for initial engagement in NSSI, which were coded for post-hoc analysis. Chi-square difference tests and t-tests were conducted, revealing significant group differences between veterans and civilians in NSSI method, lifetime versatility, age of onset, age at last occurrence, and reasons for initial engagement. No significant differences were found in NSSI frequency, severity, shame, or distress. These findings provide valuable information on similarities and differences in NSSI behavior characteristics between U.S. veterans and civilians with lifetime suicidal ideation to inform future research and the assessment of NSSI in these populations.

Understanding Gaps in Current Practices of Newborn Screening Follow-up for Sickle Cell Disease in the United States

Introduction: Newborn screening (NBS) for sickle cell disease (SCD) has significantly improved childhood survival. However, gaps remain in follow-up after NBS as demonstrated by poor implementation of penicillin prophylaxis and stroke risk (TCD) screening. It is unknown how time to initial engagement with SCD specialist may impact long-term patient engagement. Currently, there are no standardized follow-up requirements for NBS across the United States; each state can decide how they inform families of diagnoses and initiate follow-up. The average time to the initial follow-up with a SCD specialist is not currently evaluated as a measure of quality assurance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants across 11 states to explore NBS processes. Participants included health care providers (n = 7), and stakeholders (NBS health department employees and community based SCD organization representatives (CBO); (n = 12). Data were analyzed using directed content analysis, informed by the SCD care continuum model, which outlines how newborns with SCD should proceed from diagnosis to initial and ongoing care engagement with a SCD provider. We examined how families were informed of abnormal results, how newly-diagnosed children were referred to SCD specialists, and when cases were closed. Results Representatives from 11 states including AL, AK, CA, GA, LA, MI, MS, MO, NY, SC, TN were included in this study (Table 1). Initial Notification: In all 11 states, the physician of record (on the NBS bloodspot card) is notified of abnormal results and expected to communicate results to families. This physician of record is not necessarily the child's actual pediatrician. In 2 states, a letter is sent to families at the same time as physicians are notified, but the letter does not convey screening results. In 1 state, the CBO NBS coordinator is responsible for communicating results to the family. Referral to a SCD specialist: There was substantial variability in referral practices. In most states, infants with positive SCD screens were referred to a SCD specialist by the pediatrician. In some states, the public health department refers infants with positive screens directly to the SCD center. In 2 states, the decision to refer an infant to a SCD center is left to the family, NBS coordinator or CBO. Timing of first visit: Most states intend infants with positive SCD screens to follow-up with the SCD clinic in < 2 months; however, some states do not require the initial visit until 6 months. Notably, most states do not track whether children with a positive SCD screen ever see a SCD specialist, Instead, cases are closed once the physician of record is informed. Facilitators and Barriers: The most common facilitators for communicating NBS results were having the correct physician of record on the blood spot card, the physician's knowledge of SCD, or the use of state-based immunization databases to track children with missing demographic information. Key facilitators for linkage to care included partnerships with SCD CBOs and/or having designated NBS follow up coordinators that offer ongoing family education and appointment reminders. Other facilitators included families with extended support and those who already had a child with SCD. The most common barriers to communicating NBS results were difficulty locating or reaching families, families moving out of state, insufficient contact information, and/or having the wrong physician of record. The main barriers to linkage to care included lack of insurance, lack of transportation, families who have difficulty accepting the SCD diagnosis, immigrant or refugee families with language barriers and other conflicting social/life demands. Conclusion The results of our study demonstrate wide variability in NBS follow-up for SCD with limited quality assurance to ensure newborns see a SCD specialist. These findings indicate a large multi-level intervention trial is needed to identify best practices for systematic improvement in NBS follow up process and ensure all infants are seen by a SCD specialist.

Characterizing residential mobility among people with HIV in Tennessee and its impact on HIV care outcomes.

Our objective was to assess the prevalence and patterns of mobility among people with HIV (PWH) in Tennessee and its impact on HIV care outcomes. Retrospective cohort study. We combined residential address and HIV surveillance data from PWH in Tennessee from 2016 to 2018. Using Poisson regression, we estimated associations between in-state mobility (change in address or total miles moved) in 1 year and outcomes in the subsequent year; retention: having two CD4 + /HIV RNA values (labs) in a calendar year at least 3 months apart, loss to follow-up (LTFU): having labs at baseline but not the subsequent year, and viral suppression: HIV RNA less than 200 copies/ml. We applied a kernel density estimator to origin-destination address lines to visualize mobility patterns across demographic subgroups. Among 17 428 PWH [median age 45 years (interquartile range; IQR 34-53)], 6564 (38%) had at least one move. Median miles moved was 8.9 (IQR 2.6-143.4)). We observed in-state movement between major cities (Chattanooga, Knoxville, Memphis and Nashville) and out-of-state movement to and from Georgia and Florida. Having at least one in-state move was associated with a decreased likelihood of retention [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.95], and an increased risk of LTFU (aRR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.04-1.31, two to three moves vs. none). Greater distance moved in-state was associated with decreased retention and increased LTFU (aRR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.49-0.58, aRR = 2.52; 95% CI 2.25-2.83, respectively for 1000 vs. 0 miles). There was no association between mobility and viral suppression. Mobility is common among PWH in Tennessee and is associated with initial poor engagement in HIV care.

High-risk Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Abuse Characteristics, Psychosocial Vulnerabilities and Reported Revictimization

Abstract Purpose To support service provision, we sought to advance the existing evidence base about the characteristics of—and potential predictors of reported revictimization for—women identified as being at high risk of experiencing ongoing intimate partner violence (IPV). Method Our sample included 165 high-risk IPV cases with a female victim and a male aggressor managed by the Integrated Safety Response in New Zealand. Based on police and multi-agency risk assessment information, we (a) described the characteristics of these cases, focusing on victims’ abuse experiences and psychosocial vulnerabilities; (b) examined rates of reported recurrence and physical recurrence; and (c) explored which variables predicted these two outcomes across a 12-month follow up, using the Nested Ecological Model as an organizing framework. Results In addition to experiencing harmful patterns of IPV, victims had relatively high rates of mental health issues, drug use, housing instability and unemployment. Reported revictimization was common: 62.8% of cases involved (at least one) recurrence, and 35.8% of cases involved physical recurrence. Most variables did not predict either outcome, and only two variables consistently predicted rates of recurrence and physical recurrence: strangulation and a victim’s initial engagement with IPV interventions. Conclusions As predicted, reported revictimization rates were high. Victims also experienced other psychosocial vulnerabilities, confirming their need for wide-ranging support. However, this study raises questions about whether these needs are relevant to predicting reported revictimization within high-risk cohorts, and highlights the difficulties of empirically validating treatment targets that could minimize further IPV harm for this group.

Phoretic behavior of the pseudoscorpion Megachernes ryugadensis on the Japanese wood mouse Apodemus speciosus.

Phoresy is a passive transportation behavior where one organism (phoront) disperses to a new location by attaching to another organism. Pseudoscorpions are arthropod predators that mainly live in soil, subterranean habitats, and under tree bark. Some species also live in animal nests and engage in phoresy on small mammals, suggesting close associations with these animals. However, the relationship between phoretic pseudoscorpions and hosts as well as the ecological significance of phoresy remain largely unexplored. Here, to understand the function of phoresy of Megachernes ryugadensis, phoretic on small mammals, their phoretic behavior was investigated in a deciduous forest in northern Japan; individual-level dynamics of phoresy were examined by over 3-year mark-recapture surveys that concurrently marked the host and phoront; and host characteristics, such as sex and age class, were analyzed based on a 2-year small mammal trapping survey. The primary host species was the abundant Japanese wood mouse Apodemus speciosus. Out of 132 pseudoscorpions marked, 5 were recaptured approximately 1month later. No pseudoscorpions were recaptured within the same census period (3-4days) when they were marked, indicating that phoresy events last less than one night, and pseudoscorpions are unlikely to engage in phoresy again within a few weeks of their initial engagement. Furthermore, analysis of host characteristics revealed a tendency for female mice and adult individuals to have a higher probability of being hosts compared with males and subadults, respectively. Based on the findings in this and previous studies, the function of phoresy in this species is discussed.

Exploring attitudes to research involving human subjects among Vietnamese university students: establishing a prospective longitudinal mixed-methods student cohort at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City

Research capacity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with progressive development in the range and complexity of studies being undertaken, often in collaboration with high-income country partners. Although senior local stakeholders are typically involved in ensuring that research is conducted according to accepted standards for ethical and scientific quality, to date there has been little exploration of the views of younger generations around the ethics of research involving human subjects. We present our protocol to establish a longitudinal mixed-methods student cohort at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, that is investigating students’ views around the ethics of clinical and public-health oriented research. We use a synergistic approach involving initial deliberative engagement activities (e.g. science cafes, debates) to inform participants about complex concepts, prior to formal quantitative and qualitative methods (surveys, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews) that are designed to explore the students’ views in detail. We focus in particular on dengue, as an example of a locally relevant disease, and probe students’ thoughts on such themes as appropriate remuneration for research participants, involvement of vulnerable groups, use of human challenge trials in LMICs etc. A snapshot of the cohort and its activities after one year is also presented; among 429 active students, primarily from the Faculty of Medicine, the proportions of male and female students were similar, the majority were from southern or central Vietnam where dengue is endemic, and available data indicates the cohort to be representative of the expected spectrum of socioeconomic groups. The cohort provides a unique resource to investigate the views of young people on medical ethics, an important but hitherto underrepresented group in such discussions. Feedback indicates a clear interest in contributing thoughts and ideas to the development of clinical research in Vietnam.

Feasibility of implementing patient-reported outcome measures into routine breast cancer care delivery using a novel collection and reporting platform.

imPROVE is a new Health Information Technology platform that enables systematic patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) collection through a mobile phone application. The purpose of this study is to describe our initial experience and approach to implementing imPROVE among breast cancer patients treated in breast and plastic surgery clinics. We describe our initial implementation in 4 phases between June 2021 and February 2022: preimplementation, followed by 3 consecutive implementation periods (P1, P2, P3). The Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies statement guided this study. Iterative Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles supported implementation, and success was evaluated using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. Qualitative interviews conducted during the preimplementation phase elicited 4 perceived implementation barriers. Further feedback collected during each phase of implementation resulted in the development of brochures, posters in clinic spaces, and scripts for clinic staff to streamline discussions with patients, and the resolution of technical issues concerning patient login capabilities, such as compatibility with cell phone software and barriers to downloading imPROVE. Feedback also generated ideas for facilitating provider interpretation of PROM results. By the end of P3, 2961 patients were eligible, 1375 (46.4%) downloaded imPROVE, and 1070 (36.1% of those eligible, 78% of those who downloaded) completed at least 1 PROM. Implementation efforts across 2 surgical departments at 2 academic teaching hospitals enabled collaboration across clinical specialties and longitudinal PROM reporting for patients receiving breast cancer care; the implementation effort also highlighted patient difficulties with mobile app-based PROM collection, particularly around initial engagement.