Inhibit Streptococcus Mutans Research Articles

The Potential of Lime Peel Extract Mouthwash as A Non-Pharmacological Preparation Inhibits Caries Bacteria

Dental caries is a disease of the hard tissue of the teeth that attacks the enamel, dentin and cementum which is characterized by the demineralization of the hard tissue of the teeth. Streptococcus mutans bacteria itself is one of the bacteria found and lives in the oral cavity. One of the infectious diseases caused by the process of removing minerals due to bacteria on the surface of the teeth is called caries. An alternative choice as an effort to solve the problem of inhibiting caries-causing bacteria is by using herbal mouthwash. One of them is lime peel. Lime peel has the potential to inhibit Streptococcus mutans bacteria as indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone, which is formed against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Making a mouthwash preparation of lime peel extract (Citrus Aurantifolia) which is feasible and effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This research is a true experiment with post test only control group design. This design was chosen because it was grouped into treatment and control groups. The intervention was given in the form of lime peel extract mouthwash with concentrations of 15%, 25% and 50%, while the administration of the UNISSULA Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Laboratory Mouthwash Formula was the control group. Based on the average inhibition graph within 24 hours, the concentration of extract mouthwash The lowest lime peel was 15% = 8.83 mm, the highest inhibition zone was at a concentration of 50% = 10.50 mm, 25% concentration = 9.80 mm, the control group Formula Mouthwash Biomedical Laboratory Concoction of the Faculty of Medicine UNISSULA = 10, 13mm. Lime peel extract mouthwash is feasible and effective in inhibiting streptococcus mutans which causes caries.

Identification of a new probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VHProbi® V38, and its use as an oral health agent.

Probiotics can be used to treat oral diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and halitosis. This study screened for strains capable of inhibiting Streptococcus mutans,one of the primary pathogenic bacteria responsible for dental caries by agar diffusion in different samples. Strain identification was performed by 16S rDNA sequencing and the API 50CH system. The potential functions of the strains in terms of oral health properties were also tested by agglutination assays, growth inhibition assays, adhesion assays, biofilm removal assays and inhibition of adhesion in human primary gingival epithelial (HPGE) cells assays. This study identified a probiotic strain from fermented cabbages that has a strong inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans. The API 50CH system and 16S rDNA sequencing verified that this was a new strain and it was given the name, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VHProbi®V38. Agglutination, growth inhibition and adhesion, and biofilm removal tests indicated that L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 inhibited and reduced S. mutans. This probiotic was shown to have a broad antibacterial spectrum, simultaneously inhibiting the growth of periodontal pathogenic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. After 2 hours of co-cultivation with these pathogens, L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 was able to significantly reduce pathogens adhesion on human primary gingival epithelial (HPGE) cells. These findings suggest that L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 could potentially prevent and treat periodontal diseases caused by these pathogenic bacteria. L. plantarum VHProbi® V38 also adheres strongly to HPGE cells and thus has potential as an oral probiotic. This study describes new methods that can be used to aid the screening and identification of oral probiotics.

Antibacterial activity of Sentul fruit peel extract (Sandoricum koetjape) against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus

Introduction: Infectious mouth diseases are caused by microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Sentul fruit peel extract contains several phytochemical compounds, flavonoid compounds, saponins and tannins are aromatic hydroxyl groups that act as antibacterial so that they can be used as a treatment for infections of the mouth. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory ability of Sentul fruit peel extract (Sandoricum koetjape) against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria which can cause oral infections. Method: Sentul fruit peel simplicia was extracted by maceration method with ethanol for 24 hours. The maceration method was chosen in this study because it is a method that is easy to do and uses simple tools, which is enough to soak the sample in a solvent. A filtering process followed this and the filtrate was then evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator at a temperature of 45oC, so that a thick extract was produced. The maceration process was repeated 2 times. After the extraction process, then proceed with liquid-liquid fractionation using distilled water. The thick extract was put into a separating funnel and distilled water was added. Then it was shaken and the aquadest fraction was taken, followed by evaporation with a vacuum rotary evaporator at 45oC, so that the aqua fraction of the ethanol extract was produced. Result: The results showed that the Sentul fruit peel extract was able to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria as seen from the formation of a clear zone. Based on the ANOVA test, the extract concentration treatment had a significant effect (p<0.005) on the diameter of the clear zone on S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria. Positive control (streptomycin) showed significant differences in Duncan's test, because it produced the greatest antibacterial activity against test bacteria compared to negative control and various extract concentrations. The diameter of the clear zone in the positive control against S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria were 17.63±0.28 mm and 17.62±1.04 mm, respectively. Sentul peel ethanol extract of aqua fraction at a concentration of 100% gave the highest inhibition zone compared to concentrations of 75%, 50%, and 25%, although it was still smaller than the diameter of the clear zone in the positive control. In bacteria S. mutans, the ethanol extract of Sentul peel aqua fraction at a concentration of 100% gave a clear zone diameter of 14.31±1.06 mm and in S. aureus bacteria it gave a clear zone diameter of 15.34±1.81 mm. Conclusion: Sentul fruit peel extract (Sandoricum koetjape) has the ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans bacteria and Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria.

Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a novel method using flavonoids to inhibit Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and dual-species biofilms and to protect enamel hardness in a biofilm-based caries model for the first time. Several flavonoids, including baicalein, naringenin and catechin, were tested. Gold-standard chlorhexidine (CHX) and untreated (UC) groups served as controls. Optimal concentrations were determined by cytotoxicity assay. Biofilm MTT, colony-forming-units (CFUs), biofilm biomass, lactic acid and polysaccharide production were evaluated. Real-time-polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine gene expressions in biofilms. Demineralization of human enamel was induced via S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, and enamel hardness was measured. Compared to CHX and UC groups, the baicalein group achieved the greatest reduction in S. mutans, C. albicans and S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, yielding the least metabolic activity, polysaccharide synthesis and lactic acid production (p < 0.05). The biofilm CFU was decreased in baicalein group by 5 logs, 4 logs, 5 logs, for S. mutans, C. albicans and S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, respectively, compared to UC group. When tested in a S. mutans-C. albicans in vitro caries model, the baicalein group substantially reduced enamel demineralization under biofilms, yielding an enamel hardness that was 2.75 times greater than that of UC group. Hence, the novel baicalein method is promising to inhibit dental caries by reducing biofilm formation and protecting enamel hardness.

Evaluating hop extract concentrations found in commercial beer to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation.

AimsThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of hop extracts with diverse β‐acid concentrations on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation.Methods and ResultsTen different hop extracts, with α‐acid concentrations similar to those found in commercial beer products and β‐acid concentrations ranging from 2.6 to 8.1%, were added to distilled water to make standardized concentrations. S. mutans isolates were treated with hop extract dilutions varying from 1:2 to 1:256. The minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations were determined and the optical density was evaluated. Live/dead staining confirmed the bactericidal effects. Biofilm formation of several strains of S. mutans was significantly inhibited by hop extract dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 and 1:32. Strong negative correlations were observed between α‐ and β‐acid concentrations of the hop extracts and S. mutans total growth and biofilm formation.ConclusionsThe use of hop extracts prepared similarly to commercial beer decreased S. mutans biofilm formation.Significance and Impact of the StudyThe inclusion of hops in the commercial beer products may provide beneficial health effects. Further studies are warranted to determine an effect in vivo on the development of dental caries.

Polyphenol-Enriched Extract of Lacquer Sap Used as a Dentine Primer with Benefits of Improving Collagen Cross-Linking and Antibacterial Functions.

Commercial dentin adhesive systems are applied to restorations due to their resistant bonding properties, but they suffer from the lack of bioactivity and are prone to hydrolysis. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, an eco-friendly natural monomer, urushiol, was adopted to be a primer in dentin bonding due to its interaction with collagen and antibacterial activity, preventing further hydrolysis development. First, urushiol was determined to be capable of improving the biological stability of dentin collagen through cross-linking. Using high-fidelity analytical chemistry techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we quantified the effects of urushiol on collagen molecules. It could also effectively decrease weight loss after collagenase ingestion by improving the stability of dentin. Moreover, urushiol inhibited Streptococcus mutans growth as well as its biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that the urushiol primer could improve the bonding strength, particularly after aging. The cross-linking and antibacterial functions of urushiol have provided promising developmental prospects for biomaterials in dentin adhesion.

Antibacterial Activity of Edible Film with the Addition of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle) againts Streptococcus mutans

Edible films are generally used as packaging materials to protect food and can be eaten with the packaged product. In addition, the edible film can be affixed to the tongue, so that it immediately melts in the mouth. Products like this can be added to betel leaf extract which can function as an oral antiseptic, that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study was to obtain the results of the inhibition of edible film added with water extract of betel leaf with concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 70%. The research was conducted through experiments in the laboratory by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone that occurred. The diameter of the average inhibition zone against Streptococcus mutans produced by edible film added 30%, 50%, and 70% aqueous extract of betel leaf, respectively, was 14.36 mm, 18.17 mm, and 24.74 mm. An edible film added water extract of betel leaf can inhibit Streptococcus mutans.

Nano-Green Betel Leaf Extracts (Piper betle L.) Inhibits the Growth of Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is a type of bacterium that initiates plaque formation on the tooth surface causing tooth decay, meanwhile, Staphylococcus aureus causes pyogenic infections such as abscesses to necrosis. Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) contains secondary meta-bolites that have the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) in micro and nano sizes against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. This was an experimental and laboratory study with a post-test-only design. The results showed that nano-green betel leaf extracts had antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Green betel leaf extract had a much larger inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus rather than against Streptococcus mutans in all groups (p&lt;0.05), with inhibitory diameters of 13,883±1.1496 mm (micro 10%), 16,767± 1.8779 mm (micro 30%), and 18.667±3.148 mm (nano), respectively. A stable increase in antibacterial activity was derived from micro-green betel leaf extracts (Piper betle L.) concentrations of 10%, 30%, and nanoparticle size. In conclusion, nano-green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) showed better antibacterial effectiveness than micro-sizes in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Keywords: Piper betle L.; nanoparticles; antibacterial; Streptococcus mutans; Staphylococcus aureus

Effect of Tricalcium Phosphate and Calcium Sucrose Phosphate on the Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans: An In Vivo Study

To determine the efficacy of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and calcium sucrose phosphate (CSP) on the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (SM). Thirty healthy children between 13 and 18 years of age were divided into two groups of 15 each; Group I receiving TCP-containing cream and Group II receiving calcium sucrose phosphate-containing cream. On the first day of the study, 30 minutes after breakfast, baseline plaque samples were taken from the buccal surface of first mandibular permanent molar using a sterile wedge which was immediately transferred to sterile container containing 1 mL of saline, and were subjected to microbiological examination. On the following days, both the creams were applied to the respective groups. On the 16th day, plaque samples were collected from the same site, and colony forming units were recorded using agar plate as a culture medium. The mean of S. mutans count before application of TCP-containing paste was 16.27 cfu per mL and before calcium sucrose phosphate-containing paste was 15.33 cfu per mL. The mean after application of TCP-containing paste and calcium sucrose phosphate-containing paste was 3.53 and 9.87 cfu per mL, respectively. And, there was a statistically significant difference found within the groups. Both TCP and CSP have an inhibitory effect on S. mutans. This can be an effective preventive tool for children with high caries risk and even for special child. Both TCP and CSP deposit the mineral reservoir in plaque and saliva; it may help resist the future cariogenic challenges.

Biofilm formation and cell viability on monolithic zirconia with silver-doped sodalime glass

The present study evaluated the effect of glass application with and without silver-doped soda-lime glass on roughness, biofilm formation, cell viability and flexural strength of a zirconia. Samples of 3-YTZP (3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals) were divided into: polished (P); glaze (G); glass infiltration (INF); 4% silver-doped soda-lime glass (Ag4); glass infiltration + 4% silver-doped soda-lime glass (INF–Ag4); 5% silver-doped soda-lime glass (Ag5); glass infiltration + 5% silver-doped soda-lime glass (INF–Ag5). Samples were submitted to the following analyses: roughness (Ra); free surface energy (FSE); colony-forming units count (log CFU/mL); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and flexural strength. Ag5 had greater roughness and FSE, but less biofilm adherence. In the CFU, silver-doped soda-lime glass groups inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, while the Ag5 inhibited Streptococcus mutans and none of the groups was effective against Streptococcus sanguinis. In the qualitative evaluation, lower number of colonies in the Ag5 grew up, compared to the control groups (P; G and INF) for both C. albicans and S. mutans. Regarding the MTT assay, the Ag4, INF–Ag4 and INF–Ag5 obtained percentage of cell viability greater than 50%. Ag5 showed lower flexural strength when compared to the control groups, while the application of glass infiltration increased the flexural strength by formation of a graded region between zirconia-glass. In conclusion, Ag5 had the greatest antimicrobial effect, Ag4 and INF–Ag4 were the less cytotoxic and the INF was the most resistant to fracture. Therefore, INF–Ag4 conciliates the best performance in terms of antimicrobial and mechanical properties for a 3-YTZP.

Fabrication of Microbicidal Silver Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Implications in the Containment of Bacterial Biofilm on Orthodontal Appliances

Among various metal-based nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) manifest superior inhibitory effects against several microorganisms. In fact, the AgNP-based treatment has been reported to inhibit both sensitive and resistant isolates of bacteria and other disease-causing microbes with equal propensity. Keeping this fact into consideration, we executed bio-mediated synthesis of AgNPs employing extract of flower and various other parts (such as bud and leaf) of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plant. The physicochemical characterization of as-synthesized AgNPs was executed employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, etc. The as-synthesized AgNPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with equal propensity. The as-synthesized AgNPs successfully inhibited Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), one of the main causative bacteria responsible for dental caries. Considering the fact that orthodontic appliances facilitate infliction of the oral cavity with a range of microbes including S. mutans, we determined the growth inhibitory and anti-adherence activities of AgNPs on orthodontic appliances. We performed microbiological assays employing AgNPs adsorbed onto the surface of nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) orthodontic wires. A topographic analysis of the decontaminated Ni-Ti orthodontic wires was performed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition to antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against oral S. mutans, the as-fabricated AgNPs demonstrated significant inhibitory and anti-biofilm properties against other biofilm-forming bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes.

UJI EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans

Fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) is a type of plant that contains flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, saponins and tannins that can function as antibacterial. Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria that causes dental caries. Fragrant pandan leaf extract is expected to be an alternative to overcome bacterial infections such as dental caries. Dental caries is a disease caused by damage to the enamel layer that can extend to the nerves of the teeth so that it will cause cavities caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of fragrant pandan leaf extract against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria that causes dental caries. This type of research is a laboratory experiment using the disc diffusion method. Fragrant pandan leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. The results of this study showed that the pandan fragrant leaf extract had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 10.3 mm, 13.3 mm, 17.6. mm. Positive control (amoxicilin) ??44.3 mm and negative control (aquadest) had no value to inhibit bacterial growth. The conclusion is that pandan leaves extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) can inhibit Streptococcus mutans which is the bacteria that causes dental caries.

Whey fermented by Enterococcus faecalis M157 exhibits antiinflammatory and antibiofilm activities against oral pathogenic bacteria

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiinflammatory and antibiofilm effects of whey fermented by Enterococcus faecalis M157 (M157-W) against oral pathogenic bacteria. The M157-W significantly inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide induced by the lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis in RAW 264.7 cells. The M157-W also inhibited the production of IL-1β and IL-8 in human periodontal ligament cells. Treatment with M157-W suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as the activation of nuclear factor-κB in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, M157-W dose-dependently inhibited Streptococcus mutans biofilm, whereas unfermented whey did not inhibit the biofilm. Treatment with M157-W significantly suppressed gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD gene expression in S. mutans compared with the control (0 μg/mL), indicating that M157-W inhibits S. mutans biofilm formation by reducing the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances. Collectively, these results suggest that M157-W has antiinflammatory and antibiofilm activities against oral pathogenic bacteria.

Effect of Nutmeg Flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) against Streptococcus mutans growth

Streptococcus mutans is an oral commensal. Its bacteria are involved in the dental caries pathogenesis. Nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is one of the native plants of Indonesia. Nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) contains antibacterial properties such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and essential oil. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract in the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth. The extract of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) was made using the maceration method with ethanol 96% as the solvent. The Diffusion methods to identify the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth. The concentration of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract used in this study were 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100. The one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there was the effect of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract on Streptococcus mutans growth with value p0.05, and then data was tested by Least Significant Difference (LSD). This study's conclusion showed an effect of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans growth. The concentration of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract, which has the greatest inhibition zone on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, is at a concentration of 100% is 33,53 mm

Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine Varnish on the Prevention of Root Caries: A Narrative Review

Root surface caries is a common problem encountered in elderly dental patients. It is an increasingly serious problem; especially amongst the institutionalized elderly population where poor oral hygiene arises primarily from the lack of appropriate supervision and support from care staff. The prevention of caries on the root surface is targeted at the control of plaque. As it is difficult to ensure adequate plaque removal by mechanical means, there lies an interest in the use of antimicrobial agents as replacements or to be adjuncts to the mechanical approaches. Among all chemical plaque control agents, chlorhexidine has proven to be effective. Chlorhexidine (CHX) has been studied as an antimicrobial agent for the chemical control of plaque formation and the prevention of root caries. It is bactericidal at higher concentrations. Its antibacterial spectrum covers Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, yeast, and virus. The inhibition of Streptococcus mutans was persistent with CHX varnishes (CHX-V), followed by gels and mouthwashes, and also helped to control established root lesions and also reduced the root caries lesion incidence. This article provides a review regarding the effectiveness of CHX-V on the prevention of root caries.

Characterization of Macro- and Microalgae Extracts Bioactive Compounds and Micro- and Macroelements Transition from Algae to Extract.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of macroalgae (Cladophora rupestris, Furcellaria lumbricalis, Ulva intestinalis) and microalgae (Arthrospira platensis (Sp1, Sp2), Chlorella vulgaris) extracts, including micro- and macroelement transition to extract, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties, the concentrations of chlorophyll (-a, -b), and the total carotenoid concentration (TCC). In macroalgae, the highest TCC and chlorophyll content were found in C. rupestris. In microalgae, the TCC was 10.1-times higher in C. vulgaris than in Sp1, Sp2; however, the chlorophyll contents in C. vulgaris samples were lower. A moderate negative correlation was found between the chlorophyll-a and TCC contents (r = −0.4644). In macroalgae extract samples, C. rupestris and F. lumbricalis showed the highest total phenolic compound content (TPCC). DPPH antioxidant activity and TPCC in microalgae was related to the TCC (r = 0.6191, r = 0.6439, respectively). Sp2 extracts inhibited Staphylococcus haemolyticus; C. rupestris, F. lumbricalis, U. intestinalis, and Sp2 extracts inhibited Bacillus subtilis; and U. intestinalis extracts inhibited Streptococcus mutans strains. This study showed that extraction is a suitable technology for toxic metal decontamination in algae; however, some of the desirable microelements are reduced during the extraction, and only the final products, could be applied in food, feed, and others.

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilms with bacterial-derived outer membrane vesicles

BackgroundBiofilms are microbial communities surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix which protects them from environmental stress. Bacteria within biofilms are 10- to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics, making it challenging but imperative to develop new therapeutics that can disperse biofilms and eradicate infection. Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that play critical roles in communication, genetic exchange, cargo delivery, and pathogenesis. We have previously shown that OMVs derived from Burkholderia thailandensis inhibit the growth of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria and fungi.ResultsHere, we examine the antibiofilm activity of Burkholderia thailandensis OMVs against the oral biofilm-forming pathogen Streptococcus mutans. We demonstrate that OMV treatment reduces biofilm biomass, biofilm integrity, and bacterial cell viability. Both heat-labile and heat-stable components, including 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2-non-enyl)-quinoline and long-chain rhamnolipid, contribute to the antibiofilm activity of OMVs. When OMVs are co-administered with gentamicin, the efficacy of the antibiotic against S. mutans biofilms is enhanced.ConclusionThese studies indicate that bacterial-derived OMVs are highly effective biological nanoparticles that can inhibit and potentially eradicate biofilms.

Effects of Cold-Light Bleaching on Enamel Surface and Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.

Tooth bleaching is becoming increasingly popular among patients with tooth staining, but the safety of bleaching agents on tooth structure has been questioned. Primarily thriving on the biofilm formation on enamel surface, Streptococcus mutans has been recognized as a major cariogenic bacterial species. The present study is aimed at investigating how cold-light bleaching would change enamel roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Human premolars were divided into 72 enamel slices and allocated into 3 groups: (1) control, (2) cold-light bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Beyond™), and (3) 35% hydrogen peroxide (Beyond™) alone. Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans were cultivated on enamel slices in 5% CO2 (v/v) at 37°C for 1 day or 3 days. Enamel surfaces and biofilms were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to quantify the roughness of enamel surface, and the amounts of biofilms were measured by optical density of scattered biofilm and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Cold-light bleaching significantly increased (p < 0.05) surface roughness of enamel compared to controls, but significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on enamel in the bacterial cultures of both 1 day and 3 days. In conclusion, cold-light bleaching could roughen enamel surface but inhibit Streptococcus mutans adhesion at the preliminary stage after the bleaching treatment.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Penyebab Karies Gigi

Dental caries is a disease of the oral cavity caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The mouthwash used continuously will cause side effects. So it is necessary to develop mouthwash preparations from natural ingredients, one of the plants is wuluh starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) which contain flavonoids, tannins and saponins as antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the formulas for the mouthwash of wuluh starfruit leaves extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) which can affect the bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Research using the disc diffusion method, mouthwash made in 3 formulas, namely FI, FII, FIII with concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20%, which were placed on TSA media that had been overgrown with Streptococcus mutans bacteria incubated and the diameter of the inhibition zone (zone). clear). The results of the research on formula I (10%) on the first day get an average of 4.3 mm and day 14 get an average of 4 mm, this includes the classification of weak inhibition zones (less than 5 mm), formula II (15% ) get an average of 6.3 mm and day 14 get an average of 6 mm including the classification of moderate inhibition zone (5mm-10mm), formula III (20%) gets an average of 9.5mm and day 14 gets an average an average of 9.2 mm including the moderate inhibition zone classification (5mm-10mm), while the positive control (Povidone Iodine 1%) got an average of 13.8 mm and the 14th day got an average of 13.5 mm including the strong inhibition zone classification (more than 10mm) and negative control haven't drag zone. Based on the results of the data above, the formula of wuluh starfruit leaves mouthwash (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) can inhibit Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Actividad inhibitoria del crecimiento de Streptococcus mutans por acción de aceite esencial de la menta

Objetivo: comprobar el efecto inhibitorio del aceite esencial de la menta al 25, 50, 75 y 100 % de concentración a las 24, 48 y 72 horas sobre la cepa de Streptococcus mutans, teniendo en cuenta como control positivo la clorhexidina al 0,12 % y como control negativo, el agua destilada. Metodología: estudio experimental in vitro, descriptivo y longitudinal. Se analizaron 60 discos de papel blanco, divididos en seis grupos de 10 discos cada grupo. Se sumergieron los discos de papel filtro blancos, en cada concentración y se colocaron en las cajas Petri inoculadas con Streptococcus mutans. Mediante la elaboración del aceite esencial por proceso de arrastre de vapor se obtuvo el aceite de la menta, se midió el halo de inhibición para comprobar la eficacia inhibitoria sobre el Streptococcus mutans a las 24, 48 y 72 horas, respectivamente. Estos datos se recolectaron en una matriz de Excel y se exportó al programa SPSS, para los diferentes análisis estadísticos. Resultados: se observó que tanto para la prueba de Kolmogorov con corrección de Lilliefors (n &lt;50) o con la prueba de Shapiro Wilks, los datos referidos al halo de inhibición se ajustaron a la distribución normal (p&lt;0,05) en todos los grupos, incluso en algunos grupos los valores fueron constantes (menta las 4 concentraciones y control tanto negativo como positivo). En las dos pruebas se demostró que se cumple la hipótesis de investigación. Que existe un alto nivel de inhibición del aceite esencial de la menta en las cuatro concentraciones y a los tres tiempos se logra tener un efecto inhibitorio, entre muy sensible y supersensible. Conclusiones: el aceite de la menta es muy efectivo para inhibir al Streptococcus mutans frente a la clorhexidina al 0,12 %. Sin embargo, se debe continuar la investigación, para conocer sobre las características cromatográficas de masas y gases y detallar qué componente es el que inhibe a la bacteria. Además, se plantea investigar a detalle medicamentos alternativos al alcance de la población.