Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel Research Articles

Examination of the main chemical components of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum as a corrosion inhibitor on the mild steel in 0.5 M HCl medium

The study delves into the versatile applications of essential oils, natural aromatic compounds derived from plants through hydro-distillation or cold extraction, across industries such as cosmetics, fragrances, food processing, traditional medicine, and agriculture. Notably, these plant-derived compounds have gained prominence as corrosion inhibitors for metals and alloys in acidic environments. The research focuses on evaluating the inhibitory capacity of Suzygium aromaticuim on regular steel submerged in an acidic medium, employing various concentrations of essential oil (1.5 g/L to 6 g/L). The inhibitory effectiveness was evaluated using electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements and optical microscope analyses were used to examine the effect of cloves' essential oils on the corrosion resistance of mild steel in a 0.5 M HCl media. NMR and IR spectroscopy were used to learn about the two isolated chemicals (eugenol and β-caryophyllene). The corrosion-inhibiting properties of β-caryophyllene at 2 g/L in an acidic media were studied. Density functional theory (DFT) computations and molecular dynamics simulations were used to isolate the essential oil component of cloves responsible for the corrosion inhibition of mild steel. Inhibition effectiveness peaked at 94 % at 4 g/L, leading the researchers to infer that the natural substance is a mixed-type inhibitor. Optical microscope analysis confirmed the protection offered at the optimum concentration, while β-caryophyllene demonstrated noteworthy inhibitor efficiency, especially when compared to Eugenol. DFT analysis further supported the corrosion inhibition potential of β-caryophyllene in aggressive solutions.

Mild steel corrosion inhibition comparison between indole-5-carboxylic acid and benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid: An integrated experimental and theoretical study

Corrosion inhibition capabilities of Indole-5-carboxylic acid (IC) and Benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid (BC) on mild steel have been comprehensively investigated using various techniques, including Potentiodynamic Polarization Measurement (PPM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SEM). The results from polarization tests demonstrated that both IC and BC effectively reduced the corrosion current densities of both cathodic and anodic reactions occurring on the metal surface. Through EIS analysis, it was observed that the inhibitory efficacy of IC and BC increased with higher inhibitor concentrations. At a temperature of 30°C, the solution containing 10−2M IC and 10−2M BC exhibited the maximum inhibitory efficiency, with IC achieving 92.19% and BC achieving 75.00%. The adsorption behavior of the inhibitors was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting a monolayer adsorption process. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations were carried out to assess the molecular parameters of the inhibitors thoroughly. These calculations consistently indicated that IC exhibited superior inhibitory properties compared to BC. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to gain insights into the optimal adsorption configuration of the inhibitors on the Fe(110) surface. The results revealed that IC possessed a higher binding energy with the Fe(110) surface, confirming its superior ability to inhibit steel corrosion compared to BC.

Experimental and computational study of L-Glutathione reduced as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in alkaline environment

L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is a small molecule peptide found in large quantities in living organisms, particularly in animal liver cells. Its unique structure gives it great potential to act as an environmentally friendly and efficient corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition properties of GSH for mild steel in simulated concrete pore solutions (SCPS) containing chlorine was investigated by electrochemical tests and SEM-EDS surface analysis. According to the experimental results, GSH mainly blocked the cathodic corrosion reaction and has a corrosion inhibition efficiency of up to 92.3% at room temperature, enhancing the corrosion resistance of mild steel. The isothermal adsorption results indicate that the adsorption behavior of GSH on the surface follows the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. Both quantum chemical calculations (QC) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) show that GSH can be effectively adsorbed onto mild steel substrates, thus protecting the surface from erosion. Finally, the results of the above experiments and theoretical calculations are combined to elucidate the inhibitive mechanism: GSH molecules binds to the iron surface via the sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the molecule, thus adsorbing to the iron surface in a tiled manner and forming a protective film to prevent the corrosive material from contacting the iron surface.

Effective corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in marine environments: Synthesis and application of hydrazides

A new corrosion inhibitor of long chain fatty hydrazides (HH) were synthesized from hydrazine hydrate and natural grease. The current research aimed to examine the effectiveness of HH as a mild steel corrosion inhibitor in maritime applications. The corrosion inhibition experiments were conducted in a saturated calcium hydroxide solution containing 3.0% NaCl. Measurements of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were used to assess corrosion inhibition. The molecular structure of HH was analyzed through FTIR and NMR, providing a description. Furthermore, the examination included the effects of concentration, temperature, and time on inhibition. The weightlessness results show that the corrosion inhibition rate of HH-1 is about 70% at low concentration of 10 mg·L−1, further corrosion inhibition rate reaches to about 80% at 20 mg·L−1, and inhibiting rate reaches higher than 90% at 50 mg·L−1 in 3.0% NaCl-containing saturated Ca(OH)2. Polarization test results demonstrated that HH-1 was a cathode-based corrosion inhibitor, slowing down the dissolution of steel by blocking the active site on metal surface. What's more, the adsorption on the mild steel followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, 3D scanning, AFM and XPS characterization demonstrated the formation of a protective layer on the steel surface as a result of adsorption of functionalized HH molecules. This layer effectively shielded the steel from aggressive 3.0% NaCl attack following a 48-h immersion in the solution. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the molecular/atomic-level inhibition mechanism. Ultimately, our research findings validate the effectiveness of a novel environmentally friendly and efficient corrosion inhibitor in safeguarding steel bars against corrosion in marine environments.

Synergistic experimental and computational approaches for evaluating pyrazole Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium

In this investigation, the efficiency of a pyrazole Schiff base as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in an acidic setting (1 M HCl) was examined. Several tests, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), weight loss (WL), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), showed the inhibitor's strong efficiency in averting corrosion on the metal surface. Inhibition efficiencies for CPMNA and CMPMA at 300 ppm and 298 K, respectively, were 94.60 % and 91.99 %. Inhibition efficiencies varied with temperature and inhibitor concentration. At 318 K, their efficiency marginally declined to 89.17 % and 88.20 %.We also delved into the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of inhibitor sorption and mild steel deterioration. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption (Gads), which includes chemisorption and physisorption, indicates multimodal adsorption. Surface data further confirmed these observations. Research performed on surface morphology, including contact angle (CA) measurements, electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), provided additional support for these inferences. Fukui functions, Density Functional Theory (DFT), Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS), and RDF analysis were several instances of computational simulation strategies that verified good agreement with experimental results. Overall, this research offers pertinent information to scientists seeking to create stronger organic corrosion inhibitors.

An Outline of Employing Metals and Alloys in Corrosive Settings with Ecologically Acceptable Corrosion Inhibitors

Researchers have just discovered an alternative to synthetic corrosion inhibitors, which are hazardous and terrible for the ecosystem, to prevent rusting in the environment. A metal corrodes when it is subjected to corrosive media (acid, base, or saline) and they deteriorate, leading to failure. The most straightforward and affordable corrosion protection and prevention technique in acidic environments has been proven to be corrosion inhibitors. On industrial surfaces, pieces of machinery, or vessels, these inhibitors slow the rate of corrosion, preventing the monetary losses brought on by metallic corrosion. Recently, attention has been directed to developing ecologically appropriate corrosion retardation methods because inorganic and organic inhibitors are harmful and expensive. Recent studies have focused on green mild steel (MS) corrosion inhibitors that mimic industrial processes in acidic conditions. This presentation briefly covers the many types of corrosion, the corrosion process and the most recent studies on using natural plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors. Since they are safe and cost-effective, green corrosion inhibitors are a new trend in preventing corrosion. These inhibitors are produced from various plant parts, and inhibition efficiency (IE) also depends on them. To ascertain the IE of the corrosion inhibitor, some experiments, including computational studies (quantum calculations and MD simulations), electrochemical measurements (electrochemical impedance (EIS) and potentio-dynamic polarization), surface morphology atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV–visible spectroscopy are carried out. It has been demonstrated that the IE is maximum for green corrosion inhibitors compared to synthetic inhibitors. This paper provides an overview of the properties, mechanism of corrosion inhibitors, nature of green corrosion inhibitors and their IE obtained by performing tests. This review article discussion shows that reinforcement with plant extract performs well in aggressive environments, which is evident from electrochemical studies and surface analysis when compared to reinforcement with inhibitors.

A combined experimental and theoretical study of a novel corrosion inhibitor derived from thiophen

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized a novel corrosion inhibitor derived from thiophene and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of its inhibitory properties through both experimental and theoretical approaches. Our investigation encompassed experimental assessments employing Mass loss tests and electrochemical techniques. Additionally, we performed computational studies to delve into the electronic structure and bonding characteristics of the inhibitor, aiming to elucidate its inhibitory mechanism. Our findings revealed that the synthesized inhibitor displayed remarkable inhibitory efficiency, demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing the corrosion of mild steel. Specifically, the thiophene derivative exhibited an impressive inhibitory efficiency of 92.8%, underscoring its potential as a robust corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. Furthermore, this study delved into optimizing the conditions for employing the thiophene derivative as a corrosion inhibitor. Our investigation revealed that the most effective inhibition was achieved at a concentration of 0.5 mM and a temperature of 303 K. To elucidate the interaction between the inhibitor and the mild steel surface, we applied the Langmuir adsorption isotherm concept, shedding light on both the physical and chemical adsorption processes of the thiophene derivative on the metal's surface. Our investigations demonstrated that the addition of the inhibitor significantly reduced the corrosion rate of the metal. Our computational results further reinforced these experimental findings, indicating that the inhibitor formed stable adsorption complexes on the metal surface. This dual confirmation from experimental and computational approaches strengthens the confidence in the inhibitor's efficacy in mitigating corrosion.

Surface analysis and interface properties of a newly synthesized quinoline-derivative corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid pickling bath: Mechanistic exploration through electrochemical, XPS, AFM, contact angle, SEM/EDS, and computational studies

The two novel heterocyclic quinoline derivatives, 5-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (QO) and 5-((2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl)-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (QOOH) are examined in this work for their ability to adsorb against the corrosion of mild steel (MS) in a molar hydrochloric acid (HCl) media. After the synthesis of these two compounds, we proceeded some analytical methods such as the nuclear magnetic resonance of the proton and the carbon (1H NMR and 13C NMR). Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical frequency modification (EFM), and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were the methods used in the experimental examination. The results indicated that the inhibitory efficacy of QO and QOOH increases with concentration. Both inhibitors exhibit mixed type behavior, according to the findings of polarization. Following that order was QO's and QOOH's inhibitory efficiencies 93.20% (QO) > 88.84% (QOOH). The Langmuir adsorption model is used in the adsorption process of these two chemicals. A barrier layer encasing the MS was shown to exist by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were all used in the examination of the surface characterization. The Density functional theory (DFT) findings suggest that inhibitors with electron-accepting capabilities exhibit the strongest interactions with the iron surface.

New benzisoxazole derivative: A potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid medium -insights from electrochemical and density functional theory studies

6-fluoro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-1,2-benzisoxazole. HCl (FPBH), a substituted benzisoxazole derivative, was prepared from isonipecotic acid and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Using electrochemical examinations such as potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) technique, the corrosion mitigation capabilities of this compound for mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M HCl medium were investigated. Theoretical studies were performed using quantum chemical calculations and density functional theory (DFT). PDP results exhibited the mixed-type behavior of FPBH and showed a maximum efficiency of 94.5 % at 1 × 10−3 M. The development of a protective adsorbed layer of FPBH decreases the corrosion current density (icorr) and corrosion rate (CR). The EIS technique revealed that the rise in the charge transfer resistance (Rct) values and reduction in the thickness of the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) reflected the drop in corrosion rate. The adsorption of FPBH took place through physisorption by conforming Langmuir's isotherm. The DFT method was performed on the optimized structure of FPBH to get additional evidence on the action mode of FPBH with the metal surface.

Evaluation of the Inhibitive Properties of Silver Nanoparticles in Senna occidentalis Root Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor of Mild Steel

The use of nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitors has gained popularity because of its increased corrosion efficiency due to increase surface to volume ratio. Nanoparticles which undergo physisorption/chemisorption to the corrosion metal surface and inhibit the corrosion efficiently also have low toxicity, low cost and easy production. In this research work, weight lost method was applied to study the inhibitive properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Senna occidentalis root extract as environmentally benign corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium at 298 K and 308 K. It was observed that the corrosion rate of the steel sample decreases with increase in concentration of the silver nanoparticles but increased with rise in temperature. The highest inhibition efficiency of 65.59% was obtained at 308 K at the concentration of 5 gdm-3 and the least of 10.58% at the concentration of 1 gdm-3 at 308 K. The decrease in inhibition efficiency with rise in temperature is suggestive of physical adsorption mechanism. The surface coverage was observed to increase with increasing concentration of the nanoparticles and decreased with increase in temperature. This could be as a result of physical adsorption mechanism. The evaluated activation energy was found to be higher for the inhibited process than for the uninhibited process. The increase in apparent activation energy in the presence of the nanoparticles denotes physical adsorption mechanism, while the reverse is usually attributed to chemical adsorption. The negative values of heat of adsorption Qads suggest that the adsorption phenomenon is exothermic.

Exploring chromone derivatives as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic environments: A comprehensive experimental and DFT study

Exploring chromone derivatives as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic environments: A comprehensive experimental and DFT study

Blue Tansy essential oil as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution: Electrochemical study, DFTB computation and Monte Carlo simulation

Blue Tansy essential oil as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution: Electrochemical study, DFTB computation and Monte Carlo simulation

Combined electrochemical, DFT/MD-simulation and hybrid machine learning based on ANN-ANFIS models for prediction of doxorubicin drug as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution

In this work, Doxorubicin drug was used as mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. Herein, standard techniques like gravimetric, electrochemical measurement, density functional theory via DFT/ molecular dynamic simulation (MDS), Scanning electron microscopic (SEM), were used for proper evaluation of Doxorubicin drug as anticorrosive agent. According to the experimental findings, Doxorubicin drug significantly inhibits mild steel corrosion, and its effectiveness increases with an increase in the drug concentration. Maximum inhibition efficiency at 100 ppm was 93.3 %, 91.3 % and 96.8 % for electrochemical impedance (EIS), polarization test (PDP) and gravimetric techniques respectively. The electrochemical study indicates that Doxorubicin is a mixed-type inhibitor. Close scrutiny of the corroded and inhibited metals evidenced that Doxorubicin drug produced a better and more uniform coating on the surface of mild steel. The molecular structure of the drug and its contribution to the inhibition mechanism was further understood using simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). In addition, artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used to predict and model the interactive effects affecting the response. Also, statistical parameters like coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute deviation (MAD) were used to assess the models' performance. The results demonstrate that the FCM-clustered ANFIS model with 15 clusters perform better than ANN model with RMSE, MAD, MAPE, and R2values of 0.978, 0.642, 4.823, and 0.9925 at the testing phase, and 0.6435, 0.4248, 2.8151, and 0.9998 at the training phase respectively. The best prediction was made using complete FCM-ANFIS model, which had accuracy of 98.4 %. Hence, a robust system prediction can be achieved via ANN and ANFIS algorithms to predict corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic environment using drug based corrosion inhibitors.

Melamine-benzaldehyde tris-schiff base as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 molar hydrochloric acid solution: Weight loss, electrochemical, theoretical and surface studies

Melamine-benzaldehyde tris-schiff base as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 molar hydrochloric acid solution: Weight loss, electrochemical, theoretical and surface studies

Electrochemical, surface morphological and computational evaluation on carbohydrazide Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium

Anticorrosion and adsorption behaviour of synthesized carbohydrazide Schiff bases, namely (Z)-N′-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide(MBTC) and (Z)-N′-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide (CBTC) was examined for mild steel (MS) in 15% HCl medium. The corrosion inhibition study was performed by using gravimetric, thermodynamic, electrochemical and theoretical studies including density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) and Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The outcomes in terms of corrosion inhibition efficiency using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method at 303 K and 150 ppm concentration were 96.75% for MBTC and 95.14% for CBTC. Both inhibitors adsorbed on the MS surface through physical as well as chemical adsorption and followed the Langmuir isotherm. The mixed-type nature of both inhibitors was identified by polarization results. Surface analysis was done using FESEM, EDX, AFM and XPS studies and results showed that a protective layer of inhibitor molecules was developed over the surface of MS. The results of DFT, MCS and MDS are in accordance with experimental results obtained by weight loss and electrochemical methods.

New organic ammonium salts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in saline solution.

New organic ammonium salts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in saline solution.

Adsorption isotherm and molecular modeling of phytoconstituents from Dillenia suffruticosa leaves for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution

Plant extracts as green corrosion inhibitors have gained significant attention in minimizing metallic corrosion due to the presence of heteroatoms and polar groups found in extract molecules. The present work focused on the novel implementation of Dillenia suffruticosa leaves extract (DSLE) as a green corrosion inhibitor for corrosion protection of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric (HCl) acid. Gravimetric characterizations and adsorption isotherm modeling (Langmuir, Temkin, El-Awady Sips, and Freundlich) showed that DSLE is an excellent corrosion inhibitor with inhibitive performance that increases with increasing extract concentration. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) showed that DSLE behaved as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. Given that one limitation of using plant extracts is its solubility in polar electrolytes, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the surface adsorption properties between polar and non-polar compounds found in DSLE. The results obtained showed that polar phytocompounds (saponins) were primary agents for corrosion inhibition. Our findings highlight the potential of using polar phytocompounds from Dillenia suffruticosa as green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel particularly in applications containing polar solvents and electrolytes.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of gabapentin as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a 1 M hydrochloric acid environment using theoretical and experimental methods

Evaluation of the effectiveness of gabapentin as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a 1 M hydrochloric acid environment using theoretical and experimental methods

Assessment of the mild steel corrosion inhibition competence of Garcinia gummi-gutta leaf extract: Evaluation by XPS, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters

Owing to the high economic and environmental concerns, nowadays scientists have taken much attention to mitigate corrosion. The effectiveness of Garcinia gummi-gutta leaf extract (GGLE) at inhibiting corrosion on mild steel in 1 M HCl was examined in the current study using a weight loss strategy. The GGLE concentration was changed from 100 to 6000 ppm, and the results show that expanding the inhibitor concentration increased the efficacy of corrosion inhibition. At 6000 ppm concentration and 30°C, the maximum inhibitory efficiency was 82.2%; this efficiency decreases as temperature increases. The mechanism of sorption was deliberated by means of different adsorption isotherm and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model holds good for elucidating the adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were estimated to depict the corrosion process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also used to confirm the development of a coating of inhibitor fragments that protect the metal surface.

Study on benzylidine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 15% HCl medium: Experimental & theoretical investigation

Corrosion inhibitors are added to acid solutions used during industrial cleaning and descaling procedures to reduce the metallic corrosion. In the present study, benzylidine Schiff base compounds namely 2-((Z)-(4-((E)-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ylidene)amino)benzoicacid (DBAB) & (E)N′(4((E)(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (DBAH) were prepared and their corrosion inhibition behavior and adsorption properties were studied by using WL (weight loss), PDP (potentiodynamic polarization) along with EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) methods for mild steel (MS) in 15% HCl solution at different temperatures. The outcomes indicated that DBAH and DBAB offered inhibition efficacy of 96.98% and 94.01% at 120 ppm concentration, respectively. The potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that both inhibitors act as mixed type inhibitor and undergo effective mixed-type adsorption at MS facet. Surface analysis of corroded samples performed by FESEM, AFM and XPS confirmed the establishment of corrosion protective inhibitor film at the MS facet. Additionally, MCS (Monte carlo simulation) and DFT studies support the experimental results obtained by weight loss and electrochemical methods.