Ingredient Of Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Articles

Application of Molecular Methods in the Identification of Ingredients in Chinese Herbal Medicines.

There are several kinds of Chinese herbal medicines originating from diverse sources. However, the rapid taxonomic identification of large quantities of Chinese herbal medicines is difficult using traditional methods, and the process of identification itself is prone to error. Therefore, the traditional methods of Chinese herbal medicine identification must meet higher standards of accuracy. With the rapid development of bioinformatics, methods relying on bioinformatics strategies offer advantages with respect to the speed and accuracy of the identification of Chinese herbal medicine ingredients. This article reviews the applicability and limitations of biochip and DNA barcoding technology in the identification of Chinese herbal medicines. Furthermore, the future development of the two technologies of interest is discussed.

ADAM17 participates in the protective effect of paeoniflorin on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Paeoniflorin (PF), the most abundant active ingredient of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Paeoniae Radix, has been recognized as a potential neuroprotectant due to its remarkable efficacy on mitigating cerebral infarction and preventing the neurodegenerative diseases. However, the precise mechanisms of PF remain incompletely understood. In this study, we first provided evidence for the protective effect of PF on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury on mouse brain microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells, and for transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal induced by PF, suggesting that EGFR transactivation might be involved in the beneficial role of PF. Next, by detecting the phosphorylation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) at Thr 735 and performing loss-of-function experiments with the ADAM17 inhibitor and ADAM 17-siRNA, we showed that PF-induced transactivation of EGFR and downstream ERKs and AKT signaling pathways were dependent on ADAM17. Furthermore, PF-induced phosphorylation of ADAM17 and the EGFR transactivation were inhibited by the inhibitors of adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) or Src kinase that were applied to cells prior to PF treatment, implying the involvement of A1R, and Src in the activation of ADAM17. Finally, PF reduced the cell surface level of TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1) and increased the content of soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1) in the culture media, indicating that PF might enhance the shedding of sTNFR1. Taken together, we conclude that A1R and Src-dependent activation of ADAM17 participates in PF-induced EGFR transactivation and TNFR1 shedding on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells, which may contributes to the neuroprotective effects of PF.

Indirubin inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in tumor-derived endothelial cells.

PurposeHepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most predominant malignancies with high fatality rate and its incidence is rising at an alarming rate because of its resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Indirubin is the major active anti-tumor ingredient of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of indirubin on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of tumor-derived endothelial cells (Td-EC).MethodsTd-EC were derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by treating HUVEC with the conditioned medium of human liver cancer cell line HepG2. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis were assessed by MTT, wound healing, in vitro cell invasion, and in vitro tube formation assay.ResultsTd-EC were successfully obtained from HUVEC cultured with 50% culture supernatant from serum-starved HepG2 cells. Indirubin significantly inhibited Td-EC proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Indirubin also inhibited Td-EC migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. However, indirubin’s effects were weaker on HUVEC than Td-EC.ConclusionIndirubin significantly inhibited Td-EC proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis.

美容养颜的神奇本草

随着“回归自然”热潮在全球范围内兴起，国际上出现了化妆品原料天然化的倾向，国内外对加有中草药有效成分化妆品的研究日益活跃，新产品不断涌现。神奇的植物草本，它能美化、养护容颜及损美性皮肤病的预防和治疗。以中医医术与方药为手段，消除个体容貌上的某种缺陷或改善容貌，达到中医所说的“驻颜”、“美颜”、“留颜”、“益容”之目的。中草药是我们的国粹，中草药化妆品是一朵奇葩,充分利用中草药美容的功效，让古老的中草药在人们美的追求中焕发出勃勃生机。 With the rise of “return to nature” upsurge in the world, there is a trend of natural cosmetics raw materials in the world; the domestic and foreign research on cosmetics with effective ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine has become more and more active. New products continue to emerge. Magic plant herbs can beautify and maintain the appearance and beauty, and prevent and treat skin diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine and prescription as a means can eliminate certain defects in the individual appearance or improve the appearance. Chinese medicine is the essence of our country. Chinese herbal medicine is our quintessence, Chinese herbal cosmetics are a wonderful flower, and make full use of the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine beauty which lets the ancient Chinese herbal medicine in people’s pursuit of beauty radiate vitality.

Therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicines for post stroke recovery: A traditional and network meta-analysis.

Stroke is a condition with high morbidity and mortality, and 75% of stroke survivors lose their ability to work. Stroke is a burden to the family and society. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese herbal patent medicines in the treatment of patients after the acute phase of a stroke. We searched the following databases through August 2016: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), China Science Periodical Database (CSPD), and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) for studies that evaluated Chinese herbal patent medicines for post stroke recovery. A random-effect model was used to pool therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal patent medicines on stroke recovery. Network meta-analysis was used to rank the treatment for each Chinese herbal patent medicine. In our meta-analysis, we evaluated 28 trials that included 2780 patients. Chinese herbal patent medicines were effective in promoting recovery after stroke (OR, 3.03; 95% CI: 2.53-3.64; P < .001). Chinese herbal patent medicines significantly improved neurological function defect scores when compared with the controls (standard mean difference [SMD], -0.89; 95% CI, -1.44 to -0.35; P = .001). Chinese herbal patent medicines significantly improved the Barthel index (SMD, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53-0.94; P < .001) and the Fugl-Meyer assessment scores (SMD, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.34-0.86; P < .001). In the network analysis, MLC601, Shuxuetong, and BuchangNaoxintong were most likely to improve stroke recovery in patients without acupuncture. Additionally, Mailuoning, Xuesaitong, BuchangNaoxintong were the patented Chinese herbal medicines most likely to improve stroke recovery when combined with acupuncture. Our research suggests that the Chinese herbal patent medicines were effective for stroke recovery. The most effective treatments for stroke recovery were MLC601, Shuxuetong, and BuchangNaoxintong. However, to clarify the specific effective ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, a well-designed study is warranted.

Antiviral and Immunoregulatory Role Against PCV2 in Vivo of Chinese Herbal Medicinal Ingredients.

IntroductionThe aim of the research was to investigate the antiviral and immunoregulatory effects of saikosaponin A, saikosaponin D, Panax notoginseng saponins, notoginsenoside R1, and anemoside B4 saponins commonly found in Chinese herbal medicines.Material and Methodscontrol mice were challenged intramuscularly (im) with 0.2 mL of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) solution containing 107 TCID50 of the virus/mL. Mice of high-, middle-, and low-dose saponin groups were initially challenged im with 0.2 mL of PCV2 solution and three days later treated intraperitoneally (ip) with one of five saponins at one of three doses (10, 5, or 1 mg/kg b.w.). In the drug control group, mice were dosed ip with 10 mg/kg b.w. of a given saponin, and mice in a blank control group were administered the same volume of normal saline.ResultsThe results revealed that the saponins could reduce the incidence and severity of PCV2-induced immunopathological damage, e.g. body temperature elevation, weight loss, anaemia, and internal organ swelling. In addition, it was seen that the saponins could affect the immunoglobulin levels and protein absorption.ConclusionThe data suggested that the saponins might effectively regulate immune responses.

Effect of the Chinese Herbal Medicinal Ingredients in Huoxiang Zhengqi Liquid on Alcohol Metabolism in Rats

To study the changes of alcohol content and pharmacokinetic parameter in rats after taking Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid. The rats were randomly divided into three groups and given with white alcohol at the dose of 3.0 mL/kg, low-dose and high-dose Chinese medicine liquor, respectively. The blood was collected before administration and 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h and 8 h after administration by cutting rats' tails. The concentrations of alcohol in blood were detected by headspace-gas chromatography method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0, and then analyzed by SPSS 17.0. The difference of maximum blood concentrations between high-dose Chinese medicine alcohol group and white alcohol group was statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in other pharmacokinetic parameters among three groups （P>0.05）. The Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients in the Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid has no effect on the metabolism and elimination of ethanol in rats. The research provides useful reference for the qualitative assessment and processing of traffic accident cases involved in Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid and the studies related to drug-interaction.

Analysis of molecular networks and targets mining of Chinese herbal medicines on anti-aging.

BackgroundMany kidney-tonifying Chinese herbal medicines exert effects on anti-aging by comprehensive interactions of multiple targets. However, the interactions of multi-targets targeted by effective ingredients of kidney-tonifying Chinese herbal medicines are unknown. In this study, to explore the systems pharmacology mechanisms of kidney-tonifying Chinese medicines on anti-aging, we establish the molecular networks with the interactions of multi-targets, analyze bio-functions and pathways with IPA, and calculated the mutual interaction pairs of targets (target pairs) with data mining, respectively.MethodsKidney-tonifying Chinese medicines with anti-aging effects were screened from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the literatures. Target proteins of these herbal medicines were obtained from bioinformatics databases. Comparisons of molecular networks, bio-functions and pathways given by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis system showed the similarities and the differences between kidney Yin-tonifying herbal medicines and kidney Yang-tonifying herbal medicines. Target pairs with high correlation related to anti-aging were also discovered by data mining algorithm. And regulatory networks of targets were built based on the target pairs.ResultsTwenty-eight kidney-tonifying herbal medicines with anti-aging effects and 717 related target proteins were collected. The main bio-functions that all targets enriched in were “Cell Death and Survival”, “Free Radical Scavenging” and “Cellular Movement”, etc. The results of comparison analysis showed that kidney Yin-tonifying herbal medicines focused more on “Cancer related signaling”, “Apoptosis related signaling” and “Cardiovascular related signaling”. And kidney Yang-tonifying herbal medicines focused more on “Cellular stress and injury related signaling” and “Cellular growth, proliferation and development related signaling”. Moreover, the results of regulatory network showed that the anti-aging related target pairs with high correlated degrees of Kidney Yin-tonifying herbal medicines included TNF-PTGS2, TNF-CASP3, PTGS2-CASP3, CASP3-NOS2 and TNF-NOS2, and that of kidney Yang-tonifying herbal medicines included REAL-TNF, REAL-NFKBIA, REAL-JUN, PTGS2-SOD1 and TNF-IL6.ConclusionsIn this study, we achieved some important targets, target pairs and regulatory networks with bioinformatics and data mining, to discuss the systems pharmacology mechanisms of kidney-tonifying herbal medicines acting on anti-aging. Mutual target pairs related to anti-aging found in this study included TNF-PTGS2, TNF-CASP3, PTGS2-CASP3, CASP3-NOS2, TNF-NOS2, REAL-TNF, REAL-NFKBIA, REAL-JUN, PTGS2-SOD1 and TNF-IL6. Target pairs and regulatory networks of targets could reflect more potential interactions between targets and comprehensive effects on anti-aging. Compared with the existing researches, it was found that the kidney-tonifying herbal medicines may exert anti-aging effects in multiple pathways in this study.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1513-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Baicalin attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation and apoptosis of cow mammary epithelial cells by regulating NF-κB and HSP72

Baicalin is the main ingredient of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis, which has been widely used clinically as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, molecular mechanism of action of this drug is not yet clear. In the present study, the protective mechanism of baicalin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory injury in cow mammary epithelial cells (CMECs) was explored. For this purpose, in vitro cultured CMECs were treated with baicalin (10μg/mL) and LPS (10μg/mL) for 24 and 12h, respectively, and the cell viability was measured by using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The results revealed that LPS induced inflammatory responses, as p-p65/p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα ratios and TNF-α and IL-1β production was increased in the CMECs. Both Bcl-2/Bax ratio and cell viability were decreased and caspase-3 cleaved following LPS treatment, indicating apoptosis of CMECs. Moreover, both LPS and baicalin increased HSP72 expression of the CMECs. However, cellular inflammatory responses and apoptosis were significantly reduced in baicalin treated CMECs. In conclusion, baicalin ameliorated inflammation and apoptosis of the CMECs induced by LPS via inhibiting NF-κB activation and up regulation of HSP72.

Anti-endotoxin and anti-inflammatory effects of Chinese herbal medicinal alkaloid ingredients in vivo

The aim of the research was to investigate the anti-endotoxin and anti-inflammatory effects of sinomenine, fangchinoline, stachydrine, chuanxionggzine, oxymartrine, and evodiamine alkaloids commonly found in Chinese herbal medicines. In an endotoxin (LPS) control group, each mouse was challenged with 1 mg LPS/kg by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. In high-, middle- and low-dose alkaloid groups, mice were initially challenged with 1 mg LPS/kg by IP injection and, 3 h later, dosed intramuscularly (IM) with one of the six alkaloids at one of three levels (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight). In the drug control group, mice were dosed IM with 10 mg/kg body weight of a given alkaloid; mice in a naïve control group were administered the same volume of normal saline. The results revealed the six alkaloids could reduce the incidence/severity of LPS- induced toxicities, e.g., body temperature elevation, weight loss, systemic inflammation, multiple organ dysfunction. Taken together, the data suggested to us that these alkaloids might effectively regulate inflammatory responses and have a potential to be used in anti-endotoxin therapies.

Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Berberine Improves Steatohepatitis in High-Fat Diet-Fed BALB/C Mice.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota underlies non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine, berberine, has been proved to regulate the gut microbiota without systemic side effects. Therefore, we explored its effects on NASH induced by high-fat diet (HFD). BALB/c mice were randomized into three groups, including: control, model, and berberine treatment. With the exception of the control group with the standard diet, the model, and the treatment groups were treated by HFD. Mice from treatment group were further subjected to berberine (200 mg/kg/d) gavage since the 5th week. At the end of the 13th week, gut bacteria, liver endotoxin receptor, and inflammation cytokines were assessed by real-time PCR. NASH and its predisposing factors were evaluated biochemically and pathologically. Compared to their decreases in the model group, berberine administration restored the relative level of Bifidobacteria (2.16 ± 0.63 vs. 0.50 ± 0.08, P < 0.01) and the ratio of Bacteroidetes/ Firmicutes (0.76 ± 0.26 vs. 0.39 ± 0.11, P < 0.01), respectively, in the treatment groups. Microbiota restoration led to significant reductions in body weight, serum levels of lipids, glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Improvements were also observed in the serum transaminase activity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score, which demonstrated the attenuation of NASH. Mechanically, expression levels of CD14, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were statistically down-regulated (treatment group vs model group, P < 0.01). Berberine alleviates NASH and its predisposing factors. Normalization of gut microbiota might underlie its effect.

Effects of baicalin, matrine, glycyrrhetinic acid and emodin in three kinds of emulsifier cream system on transdermal absorption in vitro

To study effects of APG, Span-Tween and A6/25 emulsifier cream system on transdermal absorption in vitro of baicalin, matrine, glycyrrhetinic acid and emodin in emulsifier. Permeations studies were carried out in vitro with excised mice skin by improved Franz diffusion cells. The cumulative penetration amounts and the retention amounts of Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients in three kinds of emulsifier cream systems were determined by HPLC. The effects of different Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients in the same emulsifier system and the same herbal medicinal ingredients in different emulsifier systems on cumulative permeation amount, skin retention amount and permeation rate were investigated. According to the results, the order of different Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients in same kinds of emulsifier system by the cumulative permeation amount and the permeation rate were matrine>baicalin>glycyrrhetinic acid>emodin. With respect to the effect of different emulsifier systems on cumulative permeation amount and permeation rate of the same herbal medicinal ingredients, glycyrrhetinic acid and emodin showed no significant difference, Span-Tween emulsifier cream system had higher cumulative permeation amount and permeation rate. The cumulative permeation amount and the permeation rate of Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients in the three kinds of emulsifier cream systems had an identical regularity. However, the cumulative permeation amount, the skin retension amount and the permeation rate of the same herbal medicinal ingredients in different emulsifier systems had no regularity.

Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients affect secretion of NO, IL-10, ICAM-1 and IL-2 by endothelial cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-endotoxin effects of sinomenine, fangchinoline, stachydrine, chuanxionggzine, oxymartrine and evodiamine alkaloids commonly found in Chinese herbal medicines. Porcine endothelial cells were challenged with 1 μg LPS/ml for 3 h and then treated with one of the six alkaloids at three concentrations (1, 5 or 10 μg/ml) for a further 21 h. The supernatants of the cultures were then collected and analyzed for levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-10, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and IL-2 using ELISA kits. The results revealed that sinomenine, stachydrine and chuanxionggzine inhibited production of NO; stachydrine and evodiamine inhibited secretion of IL-10; sinomenine and chuanxionggzine down-regulated ICAM-1 expression; oxymartrine and evodiamine decreased production of IL-2 by the LPS-stimulated endothelial cells. Overall, the data from these studies suggested to us that these six alkaloids might effectively reduce inflammatory responses in situ via changes in the formation of these key regulatory molecules/proteins.

Role of Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients in secretion of cytokines by PCV2-induced endothelial cells

While T-lymphocytes are the major cell type responsible for host responses to a virus (including induction of inflammatory responses to aid in ultimate removal of virus), other cells, including macrophages, epithelial and dendritic cells also have key roles. Endothelial cells also play important roles in physiologic/pathologic processes, like inflammation, during viral infections. As endothelial cells can be activated to release various endogenous compounds, including some cytokines, ex vivo measures of cytokine formation by the cells can be used to indirectly assess any potential endothelial dysfunction in situ. The research presented here sought to investigate potential immunolomodulatory effects of five saponins on endothelial cells: Saikosaponins A (SSA) and D (SSD), Panax Notoginseng Saponin (PNS) and Notoginsenoside R1 (SR1) and Anemoside B4 (AB4). For this, cells (porcine iliac artery endothelial line) were challenged with a virus isolate PCV2-AH for 24 h and then treated with the test saponin (at 1, 5 or 10 μg/ml) for an additional 24 h at 37 °C. The culture supernatants were then collected and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-2, -4 and -10, as well as interferon (IFN)-γ by ELISA. The results revealed that PNS and SR1 inhibited the production of IL-4; PNS, SR1 and AB4 inhibited the secretion of IL-10; SSA, SSD and PNS up-regulated IL-2 expression; SSA and SSD increased the level of IFNγ. All these changes were significant. Taken together, the data suggested these saponins might potentially have a capacity to regulate immune responses in vivo via changes in production of these select cytokines by infected endothelial cells. Nevertheless, the impact of these agents on other key cell types involved in anti-viral responses, including T-lymphocytes, remains to be determined.

超微七味白术散对肠道厌氧微生物代谢多样性的调控作用

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 超微七味白术散对肠道厌氧微生物代谢多样性的调控作用 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201309182306 作者: 作者单位: 湖南省食用菌研究所 湖南 长沙,湖南省珍贵濒危药材工程研究中心 长沙,湖南省核农学与航天育种研究所 湖南省长沙市,湖南省食用菌研究所 湖南 长沙,湖南中医药大学 湖南 长沙,湖南省食用菌研究所 湖南 长沙,湖南中医药大学 长沙 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(81173214) Effects of ultra-micro powder qiweibaizhusan on metabolism diversity of intestinal anaero-microbiotia in diarrheal mice with dysbacteriosis Author: Affiliation: Hunan Domestic Fungus Research Institute,Changsha,Changsha,Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural#$NBSSciences and#$NBSSpace-induced#$NBSBreeding,Changsha,Hunan province,Hunan Domestic Fungus Research Institute,Changsha,Hunan Domestic Fungus Research Institute,Changsha,Hunan Domestic Fungus Research Institute,Changsha,Hunan University of TCM Changsha Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:探讨超微七味白术散对菌群失调腹泻的肠道微生态调节作用。采用同时灌胃头孢拉定和硫酸庆大霉素进行小鼠菌群失调造模,灌胃给药七味白术散传统汤药和超微七味白术散1/2剂量的汤药进行治疗,正常组和模型组灌胃等量的无菌水,治疗3 d后,提取肠道微生物,在厌氧条件下,运用Biolog微生物自动分析系统研究肠道微生物的代谢情况。培养72 h时,各组的颜色平均变化率(AWCD)趋于稳定,且1/2剂量的超微汤药治疗组> 正常组> 传统汤药治疗组> 模型组;正常组的Shannon指数和Simpson指数为最大,且与其他各组差异极显著(P<0.01),1/2剂量超微汤药治疗组的Shannon均匀度和Mclntosh指数最大,Shannon均匀度与正常组差异不显著(P>0.05),其余指标与各组都存在显著性差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。聚类分析和主成分分析表明抗生素的抑菌作用明显,使小鼠肠道微生物的代谢受到影响,七味白术散传统汤药和1/2剂量超微汤药的调控使小鼠肠道微生物的代谢多样性逐渐恢复平衡,但两种汤药的调控作用不尽相同。七味白术散超微饮片1/2剂量对肠道厌氧微生物代谢多样性的调控作用优于传统饮片。 Abstract:Compound traditional Chinese medicine is one of the medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as its essence. Intestinal microbiotia have a crucial effect on hosts' metabolic function and life activities. Intestinal microbiotia are devoted to dissolution and transformation of the Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients by hydrolysis and restoring reaction. In order to investigate the microecological mechanisms for ultra-micro Qiweibaizhusan on diarrheal mice with intestinal dysbacteriosis, the mouse model with dysbacteriosis was constructed by intragastric administration with antibiotics mixture composed of cefradine capsules and gentamycin sulfate injection. One group of diarrheal mice were treated with the traditional decoction of Qiweibaizhusan, the other group of diarrheal mice were given 1/2 dose of ultra-micro powder Qiweibaishusan, and the normal group and the diarrheal group mice were treated with sterilized water by intragastric administration. After three days' treatment, the intestinal microbiotia were extracted, and their carbon metabolisms were determined by Biolog Microbial Identification System. The results showed that all groups of average of wall color development (AWCD) tended to be stable throughout 72 h cultivation period, but AWCD of the 1/2 dose of ultra-micro powder group > the normal group > the traditional decoction group > the model group. The microbial diversity index, including Shannon index and Simpson index, in the normal group were the largest, and there were significant differences compared with that in other groups (P<0.01). The Shannon evenness and Mclntosh index of the 1/2 dose of ultra-micro powder treated group were very significantly different compared to that of other group (P<0.01, P<0.05), except that the Shannon evenness wasn't significantly different compared with that of the normal group (P>0.05). The results of clustering analysis and principal components analysis suggest that bacteriostasis function of antibiotics was prominent, and some metabolic pathways of intestinal microbiotia in mice were influenced. The metabolic diversity of intestinal microbiotia in mice was gradually regained by the regulatory functions of 1/2 dose of ultra-micro powder and traditional decoction of Qiweibaishusan. There were differences in the regulatory roles of the traditional decoction and ultra-micro powder decoction. The regulatory role of 1/2 dose of ultra-micro powder was more notable than that of traditional decoction. The ultra-micro Qiweibaizhusan had a prominent regulatory role on metabolic diversity of intestinal anaerobic microbiotia in mice, and had a good treatment effect on diarrhea with intestinal dysbacteriosis. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Comparison of two approaches of intestinal absorption by puerarin

IntroductionEverted gut sac (EGS) and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) have been widely used in the study of drug absorption and biopharmaceutical classification systems (BCS). Furthermore, they could also be applied in the research of drug intestinal first-pass metabolism. Since most of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are orally administrated, it is necessary to study the permeability of active ingredients of CHMs. Thus, we attempted to apply the EGS and SPIP models to study the permeability of puerarin, one of the active marker compounds (AMCs) of Puerariae Radix. MethodsIn the present study, three rat models of ex vivo and in situ, EGS, SPIP, and in situ intestinal perfusion with venous sampling (IPVS), were established to determine the permeability coefficient of puerarin. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was obtained by EGS. The SPIP model was used to determine the effective permeability coefficient (Peff) in different intestinal segments. The blood permeability coefficient (Pblood) was determined by IPVS. Puerarin concentration of perfusion and blood samples were measured by HPLC. ResultsPuerarin could filter into EGS incubated in aqueous extract of Puerariae Radix or puerarin solution. In the SPIP experiment, the concentration effect on Peff was observed in the ileum, but not in the other three intestinal segments. The Pblood was 0.068±0.002×10−5cm/s and was 16-fold lower than the Peff (1.114±0.153×10−5cm/s) in the IPVS experiment at 80μg/mL puerarin. As expected, the Peff (1.24±0.11×10−5cm/s) in SPIP did not differ from the Peff in IPVS. The Papp was 0.199×10−5cm/s at 1200μg/mL puerarin, 10-fold lower than Peff (2.047±0.116×10−5cm/s) in SPIP. DiscussionThree models for permeability were successfully practiced in the study of puerarin absorption and our research strategy will be useful for herbal constituent absorption in the future.

Identification and Characterization of Psoralen and Isopsoralen as Potent CYP1A2 Reversible and Time-Dependent Inhibitors in Human and Rat Preclinical Studies

Naturally occurring furanocoumarin compounds psoralen (PRN) and isopsoralen (IPRN) are bioactive constituents found in herbaceous plants. They are widely used as active ingredients in several Chinese herbal medicines. In this study, the CYP1A2 inhibitory potential of PRN and IPRN was investigated in rats in vitro and in vivo as well as in human liver microsomes. Both compounds exhibited reversible and time-dependent inhibition toward rat microsomal cyp1a2. The IC(50), k(inact), and K(I) values were 10.4 ± 1.4 μM, 0.060 ± 0.002 min(-1), and 1.13 ± 0.12 μM for PRN, and 7.1 ± 0.6 μM, 0.10 ± 0.01 min(-1), and 1.95 ± 0.31 μM for IPRN, respectively. In human liver microsomal incubations, potent reversible CYP1A2 inhibition was observed for both compounds, with IC(50) values of 0.26 ± 0.01 μM and 0.22 ± 0.03 μM for PRN and IPRN, respectively. However, time-dependent inhibition was only observed for IPRN, with kinact and KI values of 0.050 ± 0.002 min(-1) and 0.40 ± 0.06 μM, respectively. Coadministration with PRN or IPRN significantly inhibited cyp1a2 activity in rats, with the area under the curve (AUC) of phenacetin increasing more than 5-fold. Simcyp simulation predicted that PRN would cause 1.71- and 2.12-fold increases in the phenacetin AUC in healthy volunteers and smokers, respectively. IPRN, on the other hand, would result in 3.24- and 5.01-fold increases in phenacetin AUCs in healthy volunteers and smokers, respectively. These findings represent the first detailed report comparing the potential drug-drug interactions of PRN and IPRN, and provide useful information for balancing safe and efficacious doses of PRN and IPRN.

Diabetes Cognitive Impairments and the Effect of Traditional Chinese Herbs

The problem of cognitive impairment resulting from diabetes is gaining more acceptance and attention. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been proved to be associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function. Although the exact mechanisms of cognitive impairments in diabetes have not been completely understood, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance seem to play significant roles. And other possible risk factors such as hypoglycemia, insulin deficiency, vascular risk factors, hyperactive HPA axis, depression, and altered neurotransmitters will also be examined. In the meanwhile, this review analyzed the role of the active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetes cognitive impairments.

Exploring the Mysteries of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematically by Expression Microarrays

Abstract Preclinical Research Traditional Chinese medicine often clashes with contemporary medicine because its principles and concepts are difficult to understand to scientists with a background in contemporary medicine. Therefore, more proof and explanation of traditional Chinese medicine at the molecular level are necessary. Expression microarrays, among the most important genomics techniques in modern systems biology, can simultaneously detect the expression levels of thousands of genes and identify related gene networks in biological systems. They may connect gene expression at the microlevel and system information at the macrolevel together. Expression microarrays may create building blocks to bridge traditional Chinese medicine and contemporary medicine. They may not only identify the action (or toxicological) mechanism or active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine but also reveal the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine theories. The following is a brief overview of some applications of expression microarrays for traditional Chinese medicine studies.

Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme

Sargassum fusiforme (Harv.) Setchel is an ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine that has been applied for thousands of years. This study was set up to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro anti-tumor potential of the polysaccharide (SFPS) from S. fusiforme and the immune response in tumor-bearing mice. SFPS was isolated by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. The mice inoculated with A549 cells were orally administrated with SFPS at the doses of 100 and 200mg/kg body weight for 28days. The effects on the growth of tumor, serum TNF-α level, splenocyte proliferation, production of cytokines from peritoneal macrophages in A549-bearing mice were measured. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of SFPS on A549 cell line was also studied. Results showed that SFPS could not only significantly inhibit the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma in mice, but also remarkably promote IL-1 and TNF-α production from peritoneal macrophages, serum TNF-α level, and splenocytes proliferation in A549-bearing mice. The results indicate that SFPS has anti-tumor properties in vivo and in vitro, and improves the immune response in tumor-bearing mice. It could act as anti-tumor agent with immunomodulatory activity.