Ingestion Of Fish Research Articles

Histamine (Scombroid) Fish Poisoning: a Comprehensive Review.

Histamine fish poisoning, also known as scombroid poisoning, is the most common cause of ichythyotoxicosis worldwide and results from the ingestion of histamine-contaminated fish in the Scombroidae and Scomberesocidae families, including mackerel, bonito, albacore, and skipjack. This disease was first described in 1799 in Britain and re-emerged in the medical literature in the 1950s when outbreaks were reported in Japan. The symptoms associated with histamine fish poisoning are similar to that of an allergic reaction. In fact, such histamine-induced reactions are often misdiagnosed as IgE-mediated fish allergy. Indeed, histamine fish poisoning is still an underrecognized disease. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of scombroid disease. Because more than 80% of fish consumed in the USA is now imported from other countries, the disease is intimately linked with the global fish trade (National Marine Fisheries Service, 2012). Preventing future scombroid outbreaks will require that fishermen, public health officials, restaurant workers, and medical professionals work together to devise international safety standards and increase awareness of the disease. The implications of scombroid poisoning go far beyond that of fish and have broader implications for the important issues of food safety.

Multi-pathway assessment of human health risk posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

To assess aggregate exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via several environmental media and pathways, a probabilistic framework for multi-pathway health risk assessment that integrates PAHs potency equivalence factors, risk estimation modeling, and Monte Carlo simulation was applied to a case study in Nanjing, which is an important industrial city in China. Incremental lifetime risk of additional cancers posed by exposure to 16 USEPA priority PAHs in air, water, soil, and fish was assessed. Risks to three age groups, infants, children, and adults, through various exposure pathways, including oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation, were estimated. Results of the analysis of risk indicated that B[a]P, B[b]F, and BA were the predominant PAHs pollutants in Nanjing. Risk of additional cancer for local adults was on average 2.62×10(-5). The risks were primarily due to ingestion of fish and inhalation, which contributed 99% of the total risks. By contrast, risk to infants was essentially negligible. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicated that the input variables of concentration of PAHs in fish (C f), the body weight (BW), and the ingestion rate of fish (IRf) were the major influences on estimates of risks.

Food allergy preceded by contact urticaria due to the same food: Involvement of epicutaneous sensitization in food allergy

BackgroundThere have recently been reports suggesting that sensitization to food allergens may occur outside the intestinal tract, especially through the skin. To clarify the role of epicutaneous sensitization in food allergy, we investigated the clinical characteristics of adult patients with food allergies preceded by contact urticaria due to the same foods. MethodsWe investigated clinical characteristics of 15 patients (20–51 years of age; 5 men and 10 women), who had food allergies preceded by contact urticaria. ResultsFourteen patients were contact urticaria due to the causative foods during occupationally cooking, whereas 1 patient during face pack. In the occupational group, causative foods included rice, wheat, fruits, vegetables, fish, shrimp and cuttlefish; in the fresh cucumber paste case the cause was cucumber. In the 15 patients, the causative foods were fresh, not processed, and were tolerated by most (9/15, 60%) after heating. Regarding to symptoms after ingestion of the causative foods, the most frequently induced symptoms was oral symptoms (14/15, 93.3%), followed by urticaria (4/15, 26.7%), abdominal symptoms (3/15, 20%). The duration between the start of jobs or face pack, and the onset of contact urticaria was from 1 month to 19 years (mean, 8.7 years). The duration between the onset of contact urticaria and the onset of food allergy was from a few weeks to 6 years (mean, 11 months). One sushi cook experienced severe anaphylactic shock after ingestion of fish. In the occupational group, 13 of 15 patients (86.7%) had atopic dermatitis or hand eczema, indicating that the impaired skin barrier might be a risk for food allergies induced by epicutaneous sensitization. ConclusionsEpicutaneous sensitization of foods could induce food allergy under occupational cooking and skin-care treatment with foods in adults.

Correlation of clinical monosensitivity to cod with specific IgE to enolase and aldolase

Fish can induce allergic reactions in sensitized persons. Symptoms occur not only on ingestion of fish but also on inhalation of cooking vapors or contact with fish.1 Symptoms range from oral pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, and asthma to systemic anaphylaxis in some cases.2,3 Fish allergic patients have a risk of approximately 50% of experiencing allergic cross-reactions to other fish species.4 IgE binding to parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen, has been characterized as a hallmark for clinical cross-reactivity in fish allergy.

Kounis syndrome after ingestion of undercooked fish: New role of intracoronary imaging techniques

Kounis syndrome is a type of acute coronary syndrome that encompasses different forms of presentation as coronary vasospasm, acute myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis, all of them as results of allergic or anaphylactic reaction [1]. In this context, a variety of inflammatory mediators including histamine, proteases, arachidonic acid products and cytokines are released by mast cells and other inflammatory cells when the patient comes into contact with an allergen. The result is an insult to the cardiovascular system in any of the three forms previously mentioned as a consequence of the direct action of the inflammatory mediators: histamine, leukotrienes, thromboxane and platelet-activating factor (PAF), that can cause coronary vasoconstriction; proteases can induce erosion and rupture of coronary plaques, and tryptase and thromboxane have thrombotic properties [1].

Histamine poisoning and control measures in fish and fishery products.

Histamine poisoning is one of the most common form of intoxication caused by the ingestion of fish and fishery products. Cooking, canning, or freezing cannot reduce the levels of histamine because this compound is heat stable. All humans are susceptible to histamine and its effects can be described as intolerance or intoxication depending on the severity of the symptoms. The amount of histamine in food, the individual sensitivity, and the detoxification activity in human organism represent the main factors affecting the toxicological response in consumers. Histamine is the only biogenic amine with regulatory limits set by European Legislation, up to a maximum of 200 mg/kg in fresh fish and 400 mg/kg in fishery products treated by enzyme maturation in brine.

Osmotic concentration of prey affects food discrimination behaviour in the A ustralian pelican

The Australian pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus is the largest of all pelican species and can consume up to half their body weight per day, feeding predominantly on teleost fishes. Anecdotally, it has been suggested that pelicans preferentially avoid the consumption of small portions of elasmobranch fishes (e.g. sharks and rays), which prompted this investigation into their food discrimination behaviour. The large differences in the osmolarity and/or urea content between elasmobranch and teleost fishes are likely to underpin this behaviour. Osmoconformers such as elasmobranchs maintain an internal osmotic concentration similar to seawater, with this state being achieved primarily by the retention of the osmolyte urea, while other osmoconforming organisms such as squid likely conserve ions such as Na+ and Cl–. In contrast, osmoregulating teleosts maintain an osmolarity much lower than seawater and approximately the same as pelicans. Consequently, ingestion of teleost fishes results in minimal water movement; however, if a large bolus of osmoconformers are consumed this may lead to dehydration. It was hypothesized that pelicans would preferentially avoid the consumption of osmoconformers and accept osmoregulators. In addition, we investigated the underlying physiological basis for elasmobranch rejection, and which sense(s) are primarily utilized for such behaviour. We found that pelicans freely chose to accept offerings of osmoregulators at a significantly greater frequency than osmoconformers. Furthermore, the osmotic concentration (and not specifically urea) was considered to be the most likely cause of rejection, as squid, which do not conserve urea, were rejected equally as often as elasmobranchs. Finally, vision appears to be the sense utilized for this behaviour because when elasmobranchs were made to appear visibly ‘similar’ to teleost fishes they were consumed at equal frequencies. This study provides new insight into food discrimination in pelicans and might also be applicable to other seabirds.

Age estimation on long-beaked common dolphins, Delphinus capensis, from the Gulf of California

Se estimo la edad de 41 delfines comunes de rostro largo Delphinus capensis, encontrados varados en playas de Sonora y Baja California, entre 1981 y 2000. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue el de conocer la edad y estimar la longitud estandar, y en lo posible conocer las causas del varamiento. El crecimiento de las capas de dentina en dientes fueron obtenidas a partir de la tecnica de rebajado con acido, lo cual involucra la preparacion de los dientes desgastados hasta la mitad con lijado y Pulido con lijas (grano de 220-600) y desmineralizacion con acido formico al 5%. Se utilizo un microscopio estereoscopico para contar los grupos anuales de capas de crecimiento (annual growth layer groups o GLGs). Cuatro diferentes lectores asistieron para obtener las estimaciones de la edad. Las categorias de edad estimadas fueron: 17 individuos eran adultos (12-21 GLGs), 10 individuos fueron subadultos (7-12 GLGs), 10 individuos juveniles (2-7 GLGs), y cuatro individuos fueron crias lactantes (<1 GLG). Se obtuvieron las medidas y el sexado de 15 individuos en campo (6 crias, 6 subadultos y 3 adultos), los individuos mas largos, fueron los mas viejos: el macho mas largo fue de 264.7 cm con 21 GLGs, y la hembra mas larga con 252.4 cm con 18 GLGs (un GLG corresponde a un ano). Independientemente del sexo de los delfines, la regresion de la edad sobre la talla fue significante con una r2 = 0.7068, P < 0.0001. La estimacion de la edad puede servir para conocer la vulnerabilidad y la incidencia de la mortalidad a diferentes edades de los delfines comunes de rostro largo, debido por ejemplo a la mortalidad causada por efectos de algas toxicas (acido Domoico) debido a la ingesta de peces pelagicos menores que acumulan esas toxinas, o a la magnificacion de toxinas hechas por los humanos y usadas en la agricultura. Tambien puede proveer de informacion sobre las interacciones con las pesquerias y la mortalidad de

High abundance of the potentially maitotoxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus carpenteri in temperate waters of New South Wales, Australia

Species of the genus Gambierdiscus are epiphytic dinoflagellates well known from tropical coral reef areas at water temperatures from 24 to 29°C. Gambierdiscus spp. are able to produce ciguatoxins (CTXs) known to bioaccumulate in fish, and the ingestion of tropical fish that accumulated CTXs and possibly also maitotoxins (MTXs) can cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in humans. In Australia, ciguatera poisonings have been reported in tropical parts of Queensland and the Northern Territory. Here, we report for the first time the seasonal abundance (April–May 2012/13) of Gambierdiscus spp. (up to 6565–8255cellsg−1 wet weight algae) from Merimbula and Wagonga Inlets in temperate southern New South Wales, Australia (37°S) at water temperatures of 16.5–17°C. These are popular shellfish aquaculture and recreational fisheries areas with no reports of ciguatera poisoning. Sequencing of a region of the 28S rRNA gene led to the conclusive identification of Gambierdiscus carpenteri. The cells differed however from the Belize type description, including the absence of a thecal groove, dorsal rostrum and variable hatchet- to rectangular-shaped 2′ plate, and were morphologically more similar to Gambierdiscus toxicus. To study the dinoflagellate community structure in detail, a pyrosequencing approach based on the 18S rRNA gene was applied, which confirmed the presence of a single Gambierdiscus species only. Neither CTXs nor MTXs were detected in natural bloom material by LC–MS/MS; however, the extracts were found to be toxic via mouse-bioassay, with symptoms suggestive of poisoning by MTX-like compounds. Understanding the abundance of Gambierdiscus populations in areas with no apparent human health impacts is important towards defining the alternate conditions where sparse populations can create ciguatera problems.

Risk Factors for Opisthorchis viverrini and Minute Intestinal Fluke Infections in Lao PDR, 2009–2011

The purpose of this report is to compare the prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal fluke (Ov/MIF) in Lao People's Democratic Republic according to different regions and evaluate the effect of ingestion of raw freshwater fish on the infection. Demographic data, behavioral data, and symptoms were obtained, and the Kato-Katz method was used for the diagnosis of Ov/MIF. In total, 3,046 individuals were enrolled. The risk factors associated with acquisition of Ov/MIF were raw fish consumption and province. Khong Island showed the highest prevalence (odds ratio = 80.1, 95% confidence interval = 47.9-133.9, P < 0.001) compared with other districts, and raw fish consumption was related to Ov/MIF infection. Administration of praziquantel to entire populations, education (avoiding consumption of raw food dishes and improved hygiene), and access to clean water and sanitation should be considered.

SAT0494 Protein Intake and Body Composition Relationship in A Rheumatic Patient Population

BackgroundThe relationship between protein dietary intake and Bone Mass Index (BMI) is controversial. Hyperproteic diet increases urinary calcium excretion but without obvious impact in Osteoporosis (OP). Sarcopenia in the elderly...

Comparison of two serpins of Clonorchis sinensis by bioinformatics, expression, and localization in metacercaria

Clonorchiasis, which has been an important public health problem in China, is caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked fish contaminated by live metacercaria. Therefore, preventing fish from infecting is of great significance for controlling the disease. SERPINs (serine protease inhibitors) are well known as negative regulators of hemostasis, thrombolysis, and innate immune responses. In the present study, two full-length sequences encoding SERPIN were identified from metacercaria cDNA library of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) and were denominated as CsSERPIN and CsSERPIN3, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the two sequences shares 35·9% identity to each other. Both of the sequences have SERPIN domain and the greatest difference between the two domains is the reactive centre loop. Transmembrane region was found in CsSERPIN3 while not in CsSERPIN. The expression of the two CsSERPINs was significantly higher at the life stage of metacercaria than that of adult. The transcription levels of CsSERPIN and CsSERPIN3 at metacercaria stage were 3·249- and 11·314-fold of that at adult stage, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of CsSERPIN was 4·32-fold of that of CsSERPIN3 at metacercaria stage. Immunobiochemistry revealed that CsERPIN was dispersed at subtegument and oral sucker of metacercaria, while CsSERPIN3 localized intensely in the tegument of metacercaria of C. sinensis inside of the cyst wall. All these indicated that the CsSERPINs play important roles at metacercaria stage of the parasite. CsSERPIN may take part in regulation of endogenous serine proteinase and CsSERPIN3 may be involved in immune evasion and be a potential candidate for vaccine and drug target for clonorchiasis.

Diet, sun, and lifestyle as determinants of vitamin D status.

Vitamin D status can be assessed by measuring concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Sunlight is the most important source of vitamin D and stimulates the production of vitamin D3 in the skin during the summer, depending on age, skin pigmentation, clothing style, and sunscreen use. Seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D is between 10 and 20nmol/L in adults and almost absent in nursing home residents. Sunscreen use decreases, but does not abolish, vitamin D production in the skin. Clothing style has a large influence on vitamin D production. Furthermore, vitamin D status can be improved by ingestion of fatty fish and the fortification of milk or orange juice. A high dietary calcium intake has a vitamin D-sparing effect, because it increases the half-life of 25(OH)D. A combination of sunlight exposure, nutrition, food fortification, and supplements is desirable to obtain sufficient vitamin D status in the population of most countries throughout the year.

Assessment of Fluoride in Three Selected Polluted Environments along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea: Effects on Local Populations

ABSTRACTFluoride ion (F−) is a relevant component of concern due to its potential toxicity for humankind. This study clarifies the status of F− for human health in three polluted regions along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast, and determining its contents in seawater and different fish tissues (muscle, skin, brain, and bone). Fluoride ion concentrations in different fish tissues had a descending trend of brain > skin > muscle > bone with averages of 26.8 ± 26.0, 24.8 ± 6.5, 12.7 ± 2.3, and 9.0 ± 1.6 μg F−/g wet wt, respectively. The bioconcentration factor for fluoride ion in different fish tissues was determined and multivariate analyses were conducted. The human health hazard assessment from fish consumption and seawater contact using hazard quotient (HQ) and ingestion and dermal absorption dose of whole body for different ages of females and males as well as the specified body parts (legs, arms, and hands) were calculated. Although the calculated daily intake values for ingestion of fish in the present study were lower than some established tolerable daily intake values, their hazard quotients were within 1 ≥ HQ < 10 and may reflect a possible fluoride adverse effect on human health from the consumption of the gathered fish species.

Probabilistic meta-analysis of risk from the exposure to Hg in artisanal gold mining communities in Colombia

Colombia is one of the largest per capita mercury polluters in the world as a consequence of its artisanal gold mining activities. The severity of this problem in terms of potential health effects was evaluated by means of a probabilistic risk assessment carried out in the twelve departments (or provinces) in Colombia with the largest gold production. The two exposure pathways included in the risk assessment were inhalation of elemental Hg vapors and ingestion of fish contaminated with methyl mercury. Exposure parameters for the adult population (especially rates of fish consumption) were obtained from nation-wide surveys and concentrations of Hg in air and of methyl-mercury in fish were gathered from previous scientific studies. Fish consumption varied between departments and ranged from 0 to 0.3kgd−1. Average concentrations of total mercury in fish (70 data) ranged from 0.026 to 3.3μgg−1. A total of 550 individual measurements of Hg in workshop air (ranging from <DL to 1mgm−3) and 261 measurements of Hg in outdoor air (ranging from <DL to 0.652mgm−3) were used to generate the probability distributions used as concentration terms in the calculation of risk. All but two of the distributions of Hazard Quotients (HQ) associated with ingestion of Hg-contaminated fish for the twelve regions evaluated presented median values higher than the threshold value of 1 and the 95th percentiles ranged from 4 to 90. In the case of exposure to Hg vapors, minimum values of HQ for the general population exceeded 1 in all the towns included in this study, and the HQs for miner-smelters burning the amalgam is two orders of magnitude higher, reaching values of 200 for the 95th percentile. Even acknowledging the conservative assumptions included in the risk assessment and the uncertainties associated with it, its results clearly reveal the exorbitant levels of risk endured not only by miner-smelters but also by the general population of artisanal gold mining communities in Colombia.

Exposure Assessment of Pregnant Portuguese Women to Methylmercury Through the Ingestion of Fish: Cross-Sectional Survey and Biomarker Validation

Methylmercury (MeHg) contamination is a critical public health problem in Portugal, where fish is an important component of the daily diet. The Portuguese are the third largest consumers in the world (after Japan and Iceland) but first in Europe. Prenatal exposure to MeHg is believed to be linked to fetal/child neurodevelopment and behavioral impairments due to the neurotoxicity of the compound. The objective of this study was to assess the exposure of pregnant Portuguese women to mercury (Hg) due to fish consumption, calculating the indices of risk and confirming exposure through analyses of a biomarker of exposure. The study consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation of 343 pregnant women recruited at their visit to two antenatal care units in Lisbon, Portugal. A food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate prenatal exposure. Total Hg levels in hair were analyzed by atomic absorption, in samples from 186 women. The average fish consumption was 3.1 meals per week. Median Hg level in the hair was 1.26 μg/g (range: 0.07–5.3 μg/g). The mean calculated risk index was 0.81; however, 28% of the pregnant women ingested levels above the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) level recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO; 1.6 mg/kg per body weight), indicating the possibility of risk due to MeHg exposure. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the risk index was reliably predicted from predatory fish species and number of fish meals consumed per week. Ingestion of black and silver scabbard fish as well as mixed predatory fish cooked in traditional dishes enhanced the toxicity risk. In conclusion, some exposure levels exceeded the reference value; therefore, nutritional counseling needs to be provided to populations at risk.

Children's Health Risk and Benefits of Fish Consumption: Risk Indices Based on a Diet Diary Follow-Up of Two Weeks

Several epidemiological studies indicate that fish intake is associated with neurocognitive development and visual outcomes in children attributed to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, methylmercury (MeHg) represents the most toxic and abundant form of environmental mercury (Hg) exposure to humans and exposure occurs primarily through fish consumption. The objective of the study was to describe fish consumption during childhood in Portugal, estimating the intake of Hg from fish and calculating the indices of risk. The group consisted of 233 infants and students aged 7–11 yr and attending 5 primary schools in Lisbon, Amadora, and Sesimbra. Information regarding food consumption habits was collected through a food diary during 2 weeks, completed under the supervision of teachers and parents, where participants registered what was ingested for lunch and dinner during that period. The exposure assessment and indices of risk were calculated for each participant. Individuals were classified according to weekly intake and indices of risk determined per group. In addition, the methods used to collect information on fish intake habits, a food frequency questionnaire and diet diary, are described in relation to quality of information provided. The mean value of fish meals per week was approximately 5. The calculated indices of risk reached values above 1 in more than 50% of the studied population, demonstrating the presence of risk in subsets of the population. While Portuguese children represent an important group of fish consumers, this does not manifest as appreciable benefit with respect to omega-3 ingestion, as children ingest half or less of the recommended value (200 mg/d of omega-3), which is equivalent to being exposed to risk for Hg intoxication. The choice of fish species shows lack of knowledge of fish characteristics. Therefore, risk communication and population education need to be established to prevent consumption of predatory fish species that contribute to the increase in risk toxicity and to encourage ingestion of prey fish, which represent significant levels of high-value nutrients such as PUFA.

Food Poisonings by Ingestion of Cyprinid Fish

Raw or dried gallbladders of cyprinid fish have long been ingested as a traditional medicine in the Asian countries, particularly in China, for ameliorating visual acuity, rheumatism, and general health; however, sporadic poisoning incidences have occurred after their ingestion. The poisoning causes complex symptoms in patients, including acute renal failure, liver dysfunction, paralysis, and convulsions of limbs. The causative substance for the poisoning was isolated, and its basic properties were examined. The purified toxin revealed a minimum lethal dose of 2.6 mg/20 g in mouse, when injected intraperitoneally. The main symptoms were paralysis and convulsions of the hind legs, along with other neurological signs. Liver biopsy of the euthanized mice clearly exhibited hepatocytes necrosis and infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes, suggesting the acute dysfunction of the liver. Blood tests disclosed the characteristics of acute renal failure and liver injury. Infrared (IR) spectrometry, fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry, and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated, a molecular formula of C27H48O8S, containing a sulfate ester group for the toxin. Thus, we concluded that the structure of carp toxin to be 5α-cyprinol sulfate (5α-cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 26, 27-pentol 26-sulfate). This indicated that carp toxin is a nephro- and hepato- toxin, which could be the responsible toxin for carp bile poisoning in humans.

CT findings of gastric and intestinal anisakiasis

PurposeTo illustrate the CT findings of gastrointestinal anisakiasis.Subjects and methodsThe Institutional Review Board approving this retrospective study waived the requirement for informed consent. Review of our emergency department’s clinical records from September 2008 to January 2012 identified 41 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with gastrointestinal anisakiasis. 20 patients were diagnosed with gastric anisakiasis with endoscopically proven Anisakis larvae, and 21 patients were diagnosed with intestinal anisakiasis with positive test results for anti-anisakidae antibody and the presence of intestinal lesions on CT. Two radiologists retrospectively assessed the CT findings.ResultsThe mean time delay from raw fish ingestion to symptom onset was 5.2 h (range 0.5–24 h) in gastric anisakiasis and 39 h (range 12–120 h) in intestinal anisakiasis. Gastric anisakiasis showed marked submucosal edema of the gastric wall (20/20 patients, 100%), increased attenuation of adjacent fat (19/20, 95%), and ascites (14/20, 70%) on CT. Intestinal anisakiasis showed marked submucosal edema of the intestine (21/21 patients, 100%) without showing complete intraluminal occlusion, ascites (21/21, 100%), increased attenuation of adjacent fat (19/21, 90%), and fluid collection in the distal segment of the constricted small intestine (13/21, 62%) on CT.ConclusionSevere submucosal edema with ascites is a characteristic finding of gastrointestinal anisakiasis when compared with other forms of gastroenteritis. When CT shows the typical findings of gastrointestinal anisakiasis, radiologists may suggest the possibility of clinically undiagnosed anisakiasis, especially in intestinal anisakiasis as the diagnosis is sometimes difficult due to the long interval between food intake and symptom onset.

Endocrine Disruption by the Consumption of Fish (&lt;i&gt;Tilapia oreochromis&lt;/i&gt;) from Heavy Metals Polluted River Sites and its Reversal Using Zinc

Background: Metals can disrupt hormonal functioning by binding to the receptor site and this can lead to various hormonal changes. Objectives: This research paper present the changes in hormonal levels due to the consumption of fish (Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus ) gotten from heavy metals polluted riverine sources and its reversal using Zinc. Methods: Twenty –one rabbits of mean weight 6.30kg were randomly grouped. The first group consists of seven rabbits and they were fed with 100g of fish (from Carter Bridge riverine site) together with rabbits pellets. The 2 nd group was fed with100g of fish (from Makoko Riverine site) together with rabbits pellets while the third group which is the control group was fed with just rabbits pellets. The duration of the experience was three months. The level of hormones ( progesterone, LH, FSH, prolactin) were investigated using the serum. A similar experiment was conducted on another set of twenty-one rabbits grouped and fed in the same way as the previous set but this time the second group consists of rabbits fed100g of fish ( from Carter bridge site) together with rabbits pellets and0.133g of zinc. Also the levels of hormones were investigated. Results: Progesterone levels significantly decreased from 1.60 ± 0.05 to 0.03±0.01 while FSH level also decreased from 1.60±0.02 to 1.10±0.05. The ratio of FSH to LH was greatly altered. Prolactin levels increased significantly from 1.10±0.02 to 1.80±0.03. The progesterone levels of zinc supplemented rats shoots up from 17.00±1.88 to 27.00±2.98. Conclusion: Data of this study suggest that ingestion of fishes from heavily polluted sites by animals is capable of inducing low progesterone levels and prolactinaemia which can lead to infertility. Also the ingestion of a daily supplement in form of zinc can reverse this change.