Infrastructure Variables Research Articles

ANALISIS PENGARUH FAKTOR INTERNAL TERHADAP BUDAYA MUTU PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DI WILAYAH PROVINSI MALUKU

This study aims to reveal the post-covid-19 quality culture through examining internal factors that influence the internal quality culture at private tertiary institutions (PT) in the Maluku region. This research is a quantitative research, the object of research is at private universities in the Maluku region. Conducting research in February 2022-March 2023. The research sample is an internal quality auditor with a total of 43 respondents, with saturated sample criteria. The analytical tool, namely inferential analysis, is used by SPSS through multiple regression. The results of the study explain that the quality culture in post-covid 19 tertiary institutions in the Maluku region is significantly influenced by internal factors through the variables of management support, facilities and infrastructure, regulation and finance.
 Keywords: quality culture, management support, regulation, finance and finance
 

Discriminatory outcomes of industrial air permitting in Louisiana, United States

Overwhelming evidence indicates that communities of Color in the United States are disproportionately harmed by pollution. Yet, state environmental regulators, who permit industrial polluters under the U.S. Clean Air Act, do not universally recognize these disparities. In Louisiana, regulators have denied the existence of pollution disparities and have suggested that infrastructure explains why heavy industry is concentrated in certain neighborhoods. We used a multi-part approach to determine if there is a racial disparity in Louisiana's industrial emissions and, if so, whether infrastructure or state permitting drives this disparity. First, we evaluated race (% people of Color) among census tracts with industrial facilities relative to reported emissions of criteria pollutants from 2019-2021 using a quartile analysis and a linear model that accounted for spatial clustering of facilities. Second, we tested whether census tracts with infrastructure variables have higher-than-average populations of Color using one sample T-tests. Infrastructure variables included petrochemical pipelines, railways, ports, lower Mississippi River access, and a high proportion of the workforce in manufacturing. We found that over half (378 of 671) of Louisiana's industrial facilities were spatially clustered along a 184-mile, winding stretch of the lower Mississippi River known as “Cancer Alley.” Overall, communities of Color had 7-fold to 21-fold higher emissions, depending on the pollutant, than predominantly White communities. Among industry subsectors, Chemical Manufacturing was the largest single contributor to emissions in communities of Color. Census tracts with industrial infrastructure were, on average, racially similar to Louisiana overall (absolute difference, <7% people of Color). Collectively, our findings reveal a stark racial disparity in industrial emissions that is driven by state permitting, particularly of chemical manufacturers, rather than by infrastructure or labor supply. Immediate action is needed to address the discriminatory outcomes of industrial permitting in Louisiana, and future research should focus on the role of state permitting in environmental injustice more broadly.

Determinants of foreign direct investments in Central Asian countries

The main purpose of this study is to examine the factors that determine FDI inflows to five countries in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). An empirical analysis covering the period of 1995–2021 was made in the study. Dynamic panel data analysis methods were used in the empirical analysis. The model was created by using five different variables (FDI in the previous period, economic growth, real effective exchange rate, macroeconomic stability and infrastructure) that are thought to affect FDI in Central Asian countries that are close to each other in economic terms. The created model was analyzed with the Generalized Moments Method (GMM) proposed by Arellano and Bond [1]. According to the results of the GMM estimation method, it is seen that the lagged value of FDI, economic growth, real effective exchange rate, macroeconomic stability variables are statistically significant and explain the dependent variable to a large extent. On the other hand, the infrastructure variable does not affect foreign direct investments. This study explores developing Central Asian countries, including Kazakhstan. The results of this study are important in knowing the factors that determine foreign direct investments in Central Asian countries. As a result, it can be thought that the success of the investments in the past period will encourage more foreign investment inflows in the following years. Economic growth of Central Asian countries is an important factor in influencing FDI. Fast-growing economies attract more FDI. Therefore, Central Asian countries need to take steps to create a suitable investment climate by eliminating macroeconomic problems such as inflation, insufficient infrastructure, and exchange rate instability in order to increase the amount of FDI.

The role of infrastructures in rural depopulation. An econometric analysis

The aim of this article is to contribute to the analysis of the causes of rural depopulation and, particularly, the role of infrastructures. We build a panel data set with the 78 municipalities of a region in Northern Spain, Asturias. We estimate an econometric model where rural population is explained by a set of economic and infrastructure variables as well as some characteristics of the municipalities. The main results show the importance of infrastructures to maintain rural population. The presence of a medium–size town in the municipality helps to fix the population in the countryside. However, the income gap with urban municipalities contributes to reduce rural population.

Avocado expansion and the threat of forest loss in Michoacán, Mexico under climate change scenarios

Considering the boom in global demand for avocados, this study analyzes avocado expansion in the largest production center in Mexico – the Avocado Belt of Michoacán. A Dinamica EGO 5 land change model was calibrated to avocado expansion between 1995 and 2011 to project future expansion to the year 2050. Given both biophysical and infrastructural variables, it was found that avocado expansion is largely driven by climate, elevation, soil type, and proximity to existing orchards and packing houses. The model projects a total of 3306.45 km2 of avocado in the year 2050, which equals 1785.34 km2 of avocado expansion since 2011, the year of the most recent avocado inventory. This future expansion was allocated under the IPCC's four Representative Climate Pathways (RCPs) and compared to current vegetation maps of the study area. Pine-oak and pine forests are, by far, the forest type most threatened by avocado expansion, and conservation efforts should be directed accordingly. At the same time, oyamel fir forest protection may provide an opportunity for an easy conservation “win,” since it is of high conservation interest and less threatened by avocado expansion.

Pengaruh infrastruktur energi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di kabupaten/kota provinsi riau

Energy infrastructure is an engineering and construction activity for the management of natural resources used in industrial processes and for power generation. This study was conducted to examine the effect of energy infrastructure on economic growth. Energy infrastructure is measured by the electrification ratio (X1) which is the dependent variable. This study also uses control variables, namely road infrastructure (X2) and water infrastructure (X3). The type of research used is descriptive research. The data that is processed is the data of PLN electricity, non PLN electricity and households. While the published data is data from the Central Statistics Agency in the form of data on road infrastructure and clean water infrastructure for 2016-2020. The analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis. The results showed that partially significant variables affecting economic growth were the electrification ratio (X1) and water infrastructure (X2) variables. While the road variable (X3) partially has no significant effect on economic growth in Riau Province. Furthermore, the variables of electrification ratio (X1), road infrastructure (X2), and clean water infrastructure (X3) together (simultaneously) have an influence on economic growth in Riau Province. The contribution of each independent variable is 99.6% and the remaining 0.4% is explained by other variables not discussed in this study. While the road variable (X3) partially has no significant effect on economic growth in Riau Province. Furthermore, the variables of electrification ratio (X1), road infrastructure (X2), and clean water infrastructure (X3) together (simultaneously) have an influence on economic growth in Riau Province. The contribution of each independent variable is 99.6% and the remaining 0.4% is explained by other variables not discussed in this study. While the road variable (X3) partially has no significant effect on economic growth in Riau Province. Furthermore, the variables of electrification ratio (X1), road infrastructure (X2), and clean water infrastructure (X3) together (simultaneously) have an influence on economic growth in Riau Province. The contribution of each independent variable is 99.6% and the remaining 0.4% is explained by other variables not discussed in this study.

Dynamic multi-dimensional scaling of 30+ year evolution of Chinese urban systems: Patterns and performance

Understanding the co-evolution and organizational dynamics of urban properties (i.e., urban scaling) is the science base for pursuing synergies toward sustainable cities and society. The generalization of urban scaling theory yet requires more studies from various developmental regimes and across time. Here, we extend the universality proposition by exploring the evolution of longitudinal and transversal scaling of Chinese urban attributes between 1987 and 2018 using a global artificial impervious area (GAIA) remotely sensed dataset, harmonized night light data (NTL), and socioeconomic data, and revealed agreements and disagreements with theories. The superlinear relationship of urban area and population often considered as an indicator of wasting land resources (challenging the universality theory βc = 2/3), is in fact the powerful impetus (capital raising) behind the concurrent superlinear expansion of socio-economic metabolisms (e.g., GDP, total wage) in a rapidly urbanizing country that has not yet reached equilibrium. Similarly, infrastructural variables associated with public services, such as hospitals and educational institutions, exhibited some deviations as well and were scaled linearly. However, the temporal narrowing of spatial deviations, such as the decline in urban land diseconomies of scale and the stabilization of economic output, clearly indicates the Chinese government's effort in charting urban systems toward balanced and sustainable development across the country. More importantly, the transversal sublinear scaling of areal-based socio-economic variables was inconsistent with the theoretical concept of increasing returns to scale, thus validating the view that a single measurement cannot unravel the intricate web of diverse urban attributes and urbanization. Our dynamic urban scaling analysis across space and through time in China provides new insights into the evolving nexus of urbanization, socioeconomic development, and national policies.

System dynamics modeling for developing an agrotourism-creative economy in the framework of the village innovation system

Cibodas village is one of the villages in the regency of West Bandung, which shows potential for agrotourism and a creative economy. However, the dynamic environmental changes in the post-COVID-19 era have presented challenges to developing these economic potentials. Therefore, creating a model to develop agrotourism and a creative economy in Cibodas village is necessary. This study aims to create a system dynamics model with a causal loop diagram (CLD) based on the village innovation system framework to develop the agrotourism-creative economy in Cibodas village. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are used to identify the main variables and to develop and review the CLD. The quantitative approach provides researchers with three main variables that must be involved in the study, namely, the general innovation infrastructure, specific industrial clusters, and intermediation. The three variables are interrelated and form a CLD. The formed CLD was further explored with a qualitative approach in the form of an in-depth interview and focus group discussions (FGDs) with several key informants: the Head of the Agronative Cooperative, the Head of Cibodas Village, and the Regency Tourism and Culture Office (Disparbud) of West Bandung. Based on the results of the scenario for the existing conditions for a 24-month period, it was found that the innovation infrastructure variables had increased by 10.94% and the intermediation variables had increased by 0.22%. The simulations were carried out by increasing the intermediation intervention twice as much as that of the existing conditions. Hence, the innovation infrastructure variables increased by 18.01% and the intermediation variables increased by 0.05%. Cibodas village would take advantage of these R &amp;amp; D products to help its creative economy actors produce more products having a high-selling value. Moreover, by employing this strategy, they could also help their creative economy actors increase the absorption of an innovation to have such a high competitiveness.

WORKING FROM HOME ARRANGEMENT IN DELIVERING PUBLIC SERVICE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: INNOVATION OR IRRITATION?

The COVID-19 outbreak forced the government to impose lockdown and change working arrangements. As a result, government employees must work from home (WFH) - a task they were hardly prepared for. While WFH arrangement has been typical in many developed countries, it is not for some Asian countries, including Indonesia, where leadership and organizational culture emphasizing strict supervision and punishment are still preferable. This paper examines determinant factors influencing public servants' productivity in performing public service while working on home arrangements during the covid-19 pandemic. A survey of 551 public servants' from the big cities of Kalimantan, the island where the new Indonesian state capital will be located, was conducted as the data collection method. The completed questionnaires were analysed using Path Analysis. The result indicates that WFH is problematic for Indonesian public servants as from variables of digital orientation, management support, IT training, technology infrastructure, and collectivist culture, only digital orientation was found to significantly impact the individual's productivity. The findings suggest that the government uses digital orientation as a selection criterion for government employees who will be transferred to the new state capital.

A novel method to map community- and neighborhood-level access to rural physical activity built environments in the United States

Physical activity (PA) built environments may support PA among rural youth and families. In the United States (U.S.), differences between rural and urban PA built environments are assessed using coarse scale, county-level methods. However, this method insufficiently examines environmental differences within rural counties. The present study uses rural-specific geospatial mapping techniques and a fine scale, within-rural grouping strategy to identify differing levels of access to the PA built environment among a rural sample. First, PA infrastructure variables (parks, sidewalks) within a rural region of the Midwest U.S. were mapped. Then, households (N = 112) of participants in the NU-HOME study, a childhood obesity prevention trial, were categorized to community-level and neighborhood-level PA built environment groups using two access indicators; Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes and Walk Scores®, respectively. Finally, households were categorized to new groups that combined community-level RUCA codes and neighborhood-level Walk Scores® to indicate the diverse ways in which rural families might access PA built environments, including by vehicle travel and pedestrian commuting. Household access to PA infrastructure (per geospatial proximity and density analyses), parent perceptions of the PA environment, and child PA were examined across the new combined access groups. All measures of household access to PA infrastructure significantly differed by group (p <.0001). Several parent PA perceptions differed by group; child PA did not. The present study provides future researchers with innovative strategies to map and examine how access to the PA built environment differs within a rural area. Due to the public availability of the access indicators used (RUCA codes, Walk Scores®), study methods can be replicated.

PENGARUH SARANA PRASARANA DAN BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PEMADAM KEBAKARAN KOTA BEKASI

This study aims to determine the effect of infrastructure and workload on employee performance at the Bekasi City Fire Department. The method used in this study is a quantitative method, where the object used is the employees of the Bekasi City Fire Department. The number of samples used in this study were 60 respondents using a non-probability sampling technique with a saturated sampling technique. This study uses primary data conducted in distributing questionnaires to employees at the Bekasi City Fire Department. After the data is collected, the data is processed using the SPSS 25 for windows program. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the infrastructure and workload variables partially have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Then, simultaneously the variables of Infrastructure and Workload partially have a positive and significant effect on employee performance

Discipline, Infrastructure, Work Environment, and Work Rewards' Influence on Lecturer Performance

This study is to evaluate and analyze the hurdles and problems that a lecturer has in obtaining peak performance by examining the impact of discipline, infrastructure, work environment, and work rewards on lecturer performance. The sample of this study were 32 respondents and this study is quantitative and questionnaire was used to collect the data. We identify or uncover causality to determine the link or impact of discipline, infrastructure, work environment, and job rewards on lecturer performance in statistics are used in this study. The findings revealed that the existence of the Work Reward variable as a control variable had an effect on the variables discipline (X1), infrastructure (X2), work environment (X3) and lecturer performance (Y). Thus, it can be inferred that the variables of discipline, infrastructure, and work environment are not the only factors that influence lecturer performance, because another variable, namely the work reward variable, also has an impact on lecturer performance. Work reward, is one of the variables influencing the rise in discipline, infrastructure, and work environment on lecturer performance. Meanwhile, the statistical results of SPSS 25 show that discipline, infrastructure, work environment, and job rewards all have a substantial impact on professor performance.

DELINEATING REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE IN NORTHEAST INDIA THROUGH AN EFFICIENT SYNTHETIC INDICATOR

The northeastern region of India presents intra-regional disparity, which is reflected in every aspect of development. The transport sector, especially railway transportation, is one of the important aspects, and the development of railway infrastructure seems to be very different in every region. The research question addressed in this study was “Which factors, geo-physical or socio-economic, influenced the variation in the level of railway development in Northeast India?” The aim of the study was to delineate regional differentiation on railway development in Northeast India and to analyse the reasons for different development patterns of railway lines among the northeastern states. The research was based on secondary data collected from multiple sources, and the existing synthetic indicator was applied for the classification of eight states based on their railway infrastructural status. An alternative approach called the alternative synthetic indicator has been proposed and found to be more efficient than the existing synthetic indicator. The degree of inequality among the northeastern states by considering railway infrastructural variables was measured by plotting a Lorenz curve; the corresponding Gini coefficient specifies the unequal distribution of railway infrastructure among all the northeastern states. The causality of such unequal development has been analysed through a correlation test by defining the composite dimension index. The analysis revealed that all the externalities of regional inequality significantly influence the development of railway lines in northeastern states. Environmental determinism plays a crucial role in railway development in Northeast India, but political willingness is also crucial for creating an actual state of differentiation and will play a special role in the future.

Governance content, financial risk and innovation: A panel data analysis

The effects of governance content characteristics, financial risk, financial development, and innovation infrastructure variables on the size of patent applications in advanced nations during the post-crisis period are examined in this research. For the 2010-2015 period, a panel dataset of 29 advanced economies was employed. The paper uses a Poisson and a Negative Binomial framework to accommodate national heterogeneity and dispersion concerns. According to the estimation results, financial development and financial risk index benefit patent applications, research and development expenditure, intellectual property rights, and gross fixed capital creation. In addition, according to this study, controlling corruption and upholding the rule of law boost innovation, whereas regulatory quality inhibits innovation in advanced economies.

Determinan Keberhasilan Revitalisasi Posyandu

This study aims to determine the determinants of the success of posyandu revitalization, which are influenced by the activeness of posyandu cadres, education/training, incentives, infrastructure and community participation in the working area of ​​Nunpene Health Center and Bitefa Health Center, East Miomaffo District, TTU Regency. The type of research used is cross-sectional. The results showed that the tcount for the variables of cadre activity, education/training, incentives, infrastructure and community participation were 1,245, 1,202, 1,867, 6,996, and 13,406, respectively, with a significance value for each variable, namely 0.216, 0.232. , 0.065, 0.000, and 0.000. The fcount value obtained is 107,290 with a significance of 0.000. In conclusion, cadre activity, education/training, incentives, infrastructure, and community participation positively and significantly impact the revitalization of posyandu. &#x0D; Keywords: Cadre Activity, Posyandu Revitalization

Analysis of rural infrastructure development using village funds in Bagan Nibung Village

This study aims to analyze the development of village funds for infrastructure development and the best hamlets in Bagan Nibung Village, Simpang Kanan District, Rokan Hilir Regency. The indicators of development in the hamlet are human resources, economy, and infrastructure. The sampling method is a purposive method for as many as 57 people. This study uses a descriptive method to see the development of village funds and the AHP and Borda methods to see the ranking of development between hamlets. The most significant village revenue comes from transfer receipts, while other revenues are minimal. In the village expenditure structure, the components of significant expenditure are expenditures for government and development. Spending on hamlet infrastructure activities was mostly in Pematang Lada, Inti Raya, and the least in Suka Makmur. The process hierarchy analysis results show the highest HR variable in the Inti Raya Hamlet. The results of the highest regional economic variable AHP in Suka Makmur. The AHP results show that the infrastructure variable has the highest in Pematang Lada. Borda's analysis results show that the hamlets with the best development ranking are Pematang Lada, Inti Raya, and Suka Makmur.

THE INFLUENCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE LEARNING MOTIVATION STRATEGIES ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT SMP NEGERI 2 CAMPALAGIAN MANDAR POLEWALI DISTRICT

This study aims to examine the effect of learning strategies, learning motivation, infrastructure on student achievement in SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian, Polewali Mandar district. This study uses quantitative methods using primary data obtained from questionnaires. The population in this study were teachers of SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian, Polowali Mandar Regency. The number of samples in this study was 39 respondents. The analytical tools used include validity and reliability tests, normality tests, multicollinearity tests, heteroscedasticity tests, multiple linear regression analysis tests, f tests, t tests, and R² tests. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that: the variables of learning strategy, learning motivation, and infrastructure have an effect on student achievement at SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian, Polewali Mandar Regency.

Research in Child Protection Against Abuse and Neglect: at the crossroads of analysis, strategy, and policy

Research in Child Protection Against Abuse and Neglect: at the crossroads of analysis, strategy, and policy

PENGARUH SARANA PRASARANA dan KUALITAS PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN dan PENCATATAN SIPIL TERHADAP KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT

This study aims to determine the effect of infrastructure on community satisfaction, the effect of service quality on community satisfaction and the effect of infrastructure and service quality together on community satisfaction. The type of research used is descriptive research through a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires and the data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 26 application. The results of the study draw conclusions based on the t test, infrastructure (X1) has an effect on community satisfaction (Y). Service quality (X2) has an effect on community satisfaction (Y). Furthermore, based on the results of the simultaneous test obtained F count of 193,058 with a probability value of 0.000 &lt;0.05. So it can be concluded that simultaneously the variables of infrastructure (X1) and service quality (X2) have a direct influence on the variable of community satisfaction (Y). Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that the Disdukcapil office employees can increase the availability of good and decent facilities and infrastructure and service quality in order to create better community satisfaction and hope that further research can add other variables, so that research can be more accurate.&#x0D;

Health Expenditures, Health Infrastructure and Health Status in SAARC Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

Scholars in health economics have been studying the relationship between healthcare expenditure and health outcomes for the last half-century. Researchers emphasized the increase of public health expenditure towards providing primary healthcare based on the logic that health expenditure has a direct effect on the health outcomes of the people. However, such studies have a lot of inconsistencies. Given the background, the present study has three research objectives. First, to investigate the effect of healthcare spending on multiple health outcomes in SAARC nations after controlling for country-specific health infrastructures and economic conditions. Second, to undertake a differential analysis of the effect of public and private healthcare spending (both aggregate and out of pocket) on specific health outcomes. Third, to explore the presence (if any) of the differential effect of health expenditure and health infrastructure variables on specific health outcome variables, including mortality and morbidity indicators. Based on a 20-year (1993–2012) panel data from seven SAARC countries, health expenditure was found to influence improved health outcomes in SAARC nations. In addition, the differential effect of public, private and out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure was observed on different health outcomes. Thus, OOP expenditures was found to be the major influencer of life expectancy, death rate and TB instances, while public expenditure was found to be influential for improving infant mortality rate (IMR). The present study supports the notion that disaggregated effects of health expenditure (by including the effect of public, private and OOP expenditures) are needed to get a complete understanding of the health expenditure–health outcome linkage. In addition, the findings emphasize on the role of proximal predictors of health outcomes (alongside expenditure variables in the same model) as important inclusion in the health expenditure-health outcome investigation.