Enterprise Infrastructure Research Articles

HOTEL CHAINS IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF OPERATION

Hotel chains are of great importance for the high-quality functioning of the hotel services market, as they have established service standards, sufficient financial resources, and are widely distributed on the world market. In turn, measures are needed to increase the efficiency of their activities. The article examines the essence of hotel chains, their advantages in the market of hotel services. Methods of organizing hotel chains are revealed. Franchise relations are the most common, which cover approximately 80% of all hotels, and their advantages and disadvantages are defined. The ranking of the largest hotel chains in the world is submitted. It is established that the Indian operator OYO is the leader in terms of the number of hotels in the world, and Marriott International is the leader in terms of the number of rooms sold. The main strengths of hotel chains are the appropriate quality of services, a joint advertising policy, uniform service standards, the availability of financial resources, the possibility of obtaining consultations in the network, the implementation of innovations, support for social projects, uniform staff training systems, a wide range of services, and the availability of consumer loyalty programs. The main problems of the development of hotel chains in Ukraine are highlighted: decline in activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic and military operations, damage to hotels, loss of customers, disruption of supply chains, problems with power outages, uneven territorial distribution of hotel chains, insufficient number of chains and hotels, low level of development of associated infrastructure, low interest of investors and lack of guarantees of protection of investments in the development of the infrastructure of hospitality enterprises, insufficient number and inadequate level of training of personnel for the hotel industry. The prospects for the development of hotel chains in Ukraine have been determined: the introduction of innovations (greening of activities, digital technologies, marketing innovations, crowdsourcing, etc.), diversification and personalization of services, increasing the safety of guests.

Социальная инфраструктура предприятия как главный фактор жизнеобеспечения рабочих в военные годы (1941–1945 гг.)

Introduction. The functioning of the social infrastructure of industrial enterprises of the Soviet rear is of research interest to understand the sources of the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. Methods and Materials. The source base of the study is represented by documents from the central and local archives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the course of the study, a modernization methodological approach was applied, historical-comparative and historical-genetic research methods were used. Analysis. The article deals with management mechanisms and characterizes the objects of social infrastructure of industrial enterprises of the military complex of the USSR with the example of defense enterprises of such front and rear regions as Stalingrad, Chelyabinsk region and Kazakhstan with regard to the period 1941–1945. The difficulties of functioning of working hostels, health centers, nurseries, canteens, subsidiary farms, caused by extreme conditions of wartime and a general lack of material and financial resources, are shown. Results. During the analysis, it was possible to establish regional differences in the activities of social infrastructure facilities, violations of the principle of social justice and unsatisfactory quality of social services provided were noted. Using the example of three regions of the USSR, the conclusion is made about the importance of social policy at industrial enterprises for improving production discipline and the survival of workers. Authors’ contribution. M.N. Potemkina analyzed the documents of the Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk region, developed the methodological foundations of the study, formulated the main results; R.S. Zharkynbayeva analyzed archival sources from the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which allowed to determine the regional features of the social infrastructure of industrial enterprises. E.V. Anufrieva participated in identifying documents from the archives of the Volgograd region and writing the final text.

Analysis of information security technologies for use in the enterprise infrastructure

Objective. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern information security technologies for solving the problems of protecting information in the enterprise infrastructure.Method. The study is based on the methods of system analysis, synthesis, deduction.Result. The analysis was carried out and the features of information protection technology were disclosed for the purpose of possible use in the infrastructure of the enterprise. The analysis of domestic and foreign software for practical use is carried out.Conclusion. The results of the analysis reveal the features of using information protection tools in the enterprise infrastructure in order to counteract modern vectors of attacks on information resources.

THE IMPACT OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING ON TAX PAYER ATTITUDE AND COMPLIANCE TOWARDS TAX EVASION WITHIN SMES IN THE NORTH EAST NIGERIA

Income tax has contributed to a considerable amount of Nigeria's revenue generation, despite the fact that it is fraught with difficulties in both collection and execution. This study examines the impact of forensic accounting on tax payer attitude and compliance towards tax evasion within SMEs in the north east Nigeria. The study is cross-sectional, with data collected using simple random sampling. With the help of Smart PLS 3, partial least square structural equation modelling PLS-SEM on 102 responses was utilized to evaluate the data. The findings revealed that a forensic accounting check is required to address the issue of tax evasion in Nigeria to ensure a good attitude and compliance. Forensic Accounting (FA) improves Tax payers Attitude (TA) and Tax Compliance (TC) when they interact. Hence, when a taxpayer develops a positive attitude and comply with the tax laws, they are more likely to have a good financial record and the state would have better control over the tax evasion scale. In other words, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Northeast are more inclined to tax commitment if they are checked, and if the government use their contributions toward improving their standard of living, this will develop a positive attitude toward the behaviour of taxpayers in the region. Therefore, the government should provide awareness on the uses of tax revenue through sustainable enterprise support, infrastructure, and social welfare.

Using Blockchain Technologies to Manage Business in the Digital Economy

Blockchain is a distributed data storage technology that includes information about all transactions of system participants in the form of a blockchain. Blockchain offers a reliable way to perform processes, ensures stable performance, eliminates the possibility of data duplication, and reduces costs. The promising technology is rapidly gaining popularity and is being implemented in various fields, including business process management. However, even though blockchain technology has been around for several years, many business leaders are still not familiar with it because there is very little information and blockchain technology has not yet been widely used in enterprise infrastructure. Therefore, blockchain technology for business process management remains a hot topic, and the significant advantages of blockchain technology in improving business efficiency cannot be ignored. Thus, this article discusses the main features of using blockchain technology in the management of business processes in the digital economy. Also, the main advantages and disadvantages of technology implementation are presented, problems that business leaders may face are considered. In addition, the important aspects of the use of blockchain technology in the management of business processes in the digital economy are analyzed.

Гармонізація соціальних та економічних складових розвитку інфраструктури територіальних громад

The purpose of the article is to define the components of the infrastructure of territorial communities, to study the state of the infrastructure of territorial communities in the Mykolaiv region in the context of strategic planning, and to provide recommendations for harmonizing the social and economic components of the development of the infrastructure of territorial communities. The article reviews the national legal framework for continuing the reforms launched in 2014-2015 for the matters of post-war recovery of Ukraine and the European integration. The scientific approaches to defining the essence of «public infrastructure» and «local infrastructure» are considered and their components are characterized. The role of systems such as health care, education, housing and communal services, and culture, in local economic development is determined. The territorial communities of the Mykolaiv region of Ukraine are studied in terms of social and economic components of their infrastructure development and its harmonization with local economic development, on the basis of which it is found that only 23 % of territorial communities that have an approved development strategy implement programs for the modernization and development of the education system, health care system, housing and communal services, and cultural and spiritual environment. Recommendations are provided on the coherence of strategic directions for the development of the territorial community and local infrastructure enterprises. To raise funds for large infrastructure projects, it is recommended that local governments: 1) join the strategic planning process, adjusting the existing developments for post-war recovery for the quality of life of the population; 2) ensure the implementation of programs for the modernization and development of the education system, health care system, housing and communal services, and cultural and spiritual environment; 3) take into account both the «hard» and «soft» components of the infrastructure project in these programs. It is recommended that infrastructure enterprises of territorial communities develop their own development strategies to attract additional funding based on their own competitive advantages.

Model for assessing the financing of innovative infrastructure of timber enterprises

The article reflects the results of fundamental research aimed at increasing the level of innovative development of timber enterprises. It is proposed to carry out activities to form an innovative infrastructure of the analyzed group of enterprises. The presented model reflects the possibility of attracting financial resources in order to conduct effective innovation activities and maintain the required level of innovation activity. The results obtained were based on the methods of economic and mathematical analysis, comparison of parameters, algorithms for financial calculations. When forming the model, the study reflects all the necessary costs associated with the implementation of the proposed measures in the innovative activities of enterprises engaged in the forest industry. The article also takes into account the influence of various factors (environmental, economic and geopolitical factors) that affect the efficiency of the implementation of an innovative project and the optimality of investment volumes. A function has been formed that determines the possibility of adjusting and redistributing financial resources, adjusted for crisis and sanctions conditions in the economy. Based on the results of the study, the ranking of timber enterprises was carried out and the optimal ratio of attracting financial resources to increase the level of innovative development of forest industry enterprises was determined.

ИСТОЧНИКОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДОКУМЕНТОВ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОГО И ПРОЕКТНОГО ИНСТИТУТА ПО ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВУ (ЦНИИПГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА) – ВЕДУЩЕЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ПО ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВУ В СССР В 1960-1980 ГГ.

The article contains an analysis of documents from the archival fund of the Central Scientific Research and Design Institute for Urban Planning, stored in the Russian State Archive in Samara. The institute was created in 1963 as a result of the merger of the Gorstroyproekt trust and the Scientific Research Institute of Urban and District Planning, which has been involved in urban planning since the 1930s. Until the 1980s, the institute was a leading organization carrying out research and design work in the field of urban planning; its research team developed methodological and normative literature, compiled textbooks and course programs for construction universities, and also worked on the civil engineering projects in the USSR and abroad. The archival fund of the Institute is representative and allows us to trace the main stages of the formation of the construction industry in the Soviet Union. The design of civil engineering facilities was carried out in close connection with the industrial capacities of a certain area, which makes it possible to determine the main elements of the socio-cultural space and infrastructure of Soviet industrial enterprises.

ЦИФРОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ БОЛЬШИХ ДАННЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕЙ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ АКТУАЛЬНОГО ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОДУКТА

In the context of digital transformation of the tourism industry, big data technologies are becoming increasingly important. Social networks, mobile platforms and other digital sources generate enormous amounts of multi-format information about the preferences and behavior of millions of tourists around the world. Effective analysis of this data opens up unique opportunities for a deep understanding of the dynamics of tourism demand and the rapid development of personalized travel services that meet the current needs of the target audience. At the same time, the practical implementation of the potential of big data in the tourism sector is associated with a number of technological, personnel and legal difficulties. Overcoming them requires a comprehensive strategy that involves training analytical personnel, developing the information infrastructure of tourism enterprises and building reliable mechanisms for protecting tourist data.

Проблеми та перспективи повоєнного розвитку підприємств сфери життєзабезпечення міст з урахуванням підприємницької складової

The publication defines the components of a characterization of the life provision system, its importance and impact on the quality of life of the population, the level of socioeconomic development of cities, regions, and the country. The essence of the sphere of urban life provision and its components, within terms of which subjects of various forms of ownership, size and types of economic activity operate, are characterized. The components of the characterization of the life provision system as a subject of research reflect various contradictions of its functioning: it is an object of both spatial economy (regional structure and scales) and industry specifics (multifunctional complex – housing, transport, water supply, etc.), which provides services to the population and enterprises. Thus, life provision enterprises operate according to special technologies inherent in each individual industry (water supply – physicochemical processes; energy and heat supply – heat generation, heat exchange, transportation technologies; residential sector – repair, construction, plumbing works, etc.). Urban economic systems work to maintain the lives of residents at a quality level. These systems represent a large, diversified and extensive infrastructure of institutions and enterprises. It is determined that the sphere of urban life provision is provided by the activities of enterprises of various forms of ownership, operating according to different types of economic activity. Their activities, as well as the activities of other economic entities, are influenced by russia’s military actions on the territory of Ukraine, which caused challenges that entrepreneurs of the world have not faced yet. It is proved that enterprises in the sphere of urban life provision expect post-war transformations, which will be expressed in the refusal of people to use centralized services of electricity, gas, heat, water supply, that is, there will be an increase in the level of individualization. As a result of the carried out analysis, the problems faced by life provision enterprises are identified. The directions of post-war transformation of the components of the sphere of urban life provision and their effects regarding the quality of life of the population and the development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine are substantiated.

Influence of transport and logistics infrastructure of industrial enterprises on the efficiency of marshalling yards

The article considers the problems of interaction between marshalling yards and industrial enterprises under the conditions of uneven operations. The need for modelling of transport processes at marshalling yards and non-public tracks is revealed and grounded. Based on the conducted study, the authors offer recommendations to develop a simulation model for marshalling yard operations. This model being developed with the AnyLogic adaptive programming matches the structure and technological process of marshalling yards and freight point operations and provides the solution of a problem of optimizing the marshalling yard’s handling capacity. The process approach taken will reduce transportation costs emerging in the maintenance of non-public tracks and provide for the freight transportation regularity.

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ НАУКОЕМКОГО МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЯ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Knowledge-intensive engineering is at the forefront of innovation and technological progress, including the de-velopment and application of advanced technologies, materials and complex systems. These achievements lead to break-throughs in various fields such as information technology, telecommunications, aerospace, healthcare, renewable energy and transportation. Knowledge-intensive engineering pushes the boundaries of what is possible and promotes progress in society. Knowledge-intensive engineering makes a significant contribution to eco-nomic growth both at the state and planet level, creating jobs, attracting investment and contributing to the development of entrepreneurship. Enterprises engaged in knowledge-intensive engineering often manage eco-nomic clusters and ecosystems, supporting a wide range of enterprises and services. The development and commercialization of advanced technologies also leads to the creation of new industries and markets, increasing production volumes. In the Russian Federation, knowledge-development engi-neering with its main centers is an important segment of the national economy, which determines the relevance of the scientific problem of knowledge-intensive engineering enterprises. In the course of the study, the functioning and con-stituent elements of the innovative infrastructure of knowledge-intensive engineering enterprises of Moscow region were considered, in addition, the innovative infrastructure of such knowledge-intensive engineering enterprises as “RI “Platan” with the Plant at RI” JSC, “Design Bureau of Radio Engineering and Electronics” JSC and “Aerosila” PJSC scientific-production enterprise was studied. It was found out that they include various technological and pro-duction departments, laboratories and centers, the joint work of which makes it possible to produce high- tech products of national importance. The further direction of the future research is studying of the innovative infra-structure of other representatives of knowledge-intensive engineering enterprises of the Moscow region.

Research on the Prediction of Dual Credit Situation of Passenger Car Enterprises Based on Multiple Factors

Currently, China's new energy vehicle industry has entered a new stage of rapid development on a large scale. In order to ensure the advancement and innovation of the "Dual Credit Policy", the key assessment indicators such as the requirement ratio of NEV credits are in an urgent need to be made stricter. The strictness of the key assessment indicators is closely related to the development of China's energy-saving and new energy vehicle industry. However, currently, there is still a lack of systematic prediction methods for the mediumand long-term dual credit situation of passenger car enterprises in China. In this paper, a database for the prediction of the dual credit situation of passenger car enterprises is constructed using a combined "top-down" and "bottom-up" approach. Specifically, the NEV penetration rate in the industry is quantitatively evaluated using a multivariate regression model under the assumption of a discrete choice model, with the consideration of constraints such as resource endowment, charging infrastructure, and transformation costs of enterprises. The potential for fuel consumption reduction in conventional energy passenger cars of enterprises is determined using an optimal energy-saving technology choice model, which provides the annual decline in fuel consumption for enterprises. The calculation of the credits for NEV models and energy consumption is estimated using the rules of policy development and a simple conversion method. In order to make the prediction database more applicable to the real-world scenarios, it is also embedded with out-of-cycle energy-saving technologies, and research advancements in the latest policies and standards. This prediction database will greatly support the evaluation of the effectiveness of the "Dual Credit Policy" in the medium and long run, and assist enterprises in formulating credit compliance strategies.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЕЙ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ: ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ И МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОЦЕНКИ УРОВНЯ ЗРЕЛОСТИ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ИНТЕРНЕТА ВЕЩЕЙ

In the article, the authors reveal the directions of solving the problem of forming effective methodological support for the digital transformation management system of industrial enterprises. The main focus of the work is on the development of the enterprise’s management system and digital infrastructure based on Industry 4.0 technologies in a high-risk environment and uncertainty. The study presents a methodology for assessing the level of digital maturity of an industrial enterprise and its infrastructure built on the basis of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The developed author’s methodology includes a system of criteria for assessing the level of digital maturity, a mathematical model and a system of recommendation characteristics of the values obtained based on the evaluation results. Based on the results of the evaluation system, it is possible to conduct a comparative analysis of the level of digital maturity of the infrastructure and infrastructure of selected business entities. The model can also be used to analyze and make management decisions about the initiation of IoT projects and the allocation of resources between strategic projects of digital transformation of an industrial enterprise. The developed mathematical model is a point-based one. IoT projects that form the digital infrastructure of enterprises have been selected as objects of digital transformation research. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a methodology for assessing the maturity level of the IoT infrastructure in the digital transformation project management system to improve the efficiency of project management processes. The main purpose of this research is to develop tools to support the management decision-making process in the digital transformation project management system. The proposed developments can be applied to the management of projects for the digital transformation of industrial enterprises and the development of IoT infrastructure. When developing a methodology for assessing the level of digital maturity and infrastructure built on the basis of IoT technologies, system analysis methods such as analysis and synthesis, expert method and mathematical modeling were used. Their complex combination made it possible to work out all the elements of the methodology, as well as to systematize the composition of the evaluation criteria, taking into account the qualitative and quantitative reflection of the characteristics of the digital infrastructure.

Безпека даних підприємства у хмарному середовищі: аналіз загроз

Wider use of cloud services leads to increased cyber attacks on data arrays in cloud storage. Ensuring privacy in the cloud comes at a cost, and businesses are willing to bear these costs for data security. However, there is still a high risk of data being tracked and stolen due to existing vulnerabilities in the Internet environment. The purpose of the article is to analyze threats to data in the cloud environment under conditions of uncertainty and to reveal their increase in the virtual IT infrastructure of the enterprise. The advantages and disadvantages of enterprises using cloud services for data storage were revealed. Considering the amount of financial losses and reputational risks, the issue of protecting networks and services in the cloud, especially when hosting confidential or secret information, is a priority for enterprises of all industries. According to Significant Cyber Incidents, cyber incidents against government, defence and high-tech companies in the world were analyzed during 2021-2022. It was found that the attacks were primarily aimed at critical infrastructure enterprises and government organizations. Analysis of data from the Future Risk Report 2022 shows that climate change, geopolitical tensions, cyber security risks, and energy risks will remain the most significant risks over the next decade. It was revealed that since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, the number of attacks on Ukrainian enterprises of critical infrastructure and the telecommunications sphere has increased significantly. This shows that hacker attacks are one of the tools of hybrid warfare, capable of causing significant damage to the country's economy. The revealed trend in Ukraine confirms the predictions of international experts that cyber threats will grow in conditions of uncertainty and geopolitical instability. The article provides a chronology of massive cyberattacks on Ukrainian enterprises and organizations in the IT sphere over the past two years. It was determined that the means of reducing risks in the field of cyber security, which lead to the saving of costs of enterprises for data security, are the tools of artificial intelligence of security and further automation of threat identification. Thus, cyber security becomes an integral component in ensuring the full functioning of the enterprise, and the ways and means of its achievement require further research.

Транспортна інфраструктура України як об’єкт інвестиційної привабливості в мінливих безпекових умовах

Restoration and development of transport infrastructure is an extremely important task. Considering this, the aim of the article is to analyze the status and identify the problems of investment in the activities of transport infrastructure enterprises in changing security conditions. The authors pay attention to the classification of transport infrastructure in order to highlight its diversity and interaction in order to emphasize the need to take into account the specifics of the activities of transport infrastructure enterprises when determining their investment attractiveness. The systemic problems of transport infrastructure and ways to relieve of them are identified. It is noted that in the last decade Ukraine has been actively working on the development of transport infrastructure with a focus on the European integration. The advantages of this process include standardization, increased investment, and enhanced competitiveness. However, there are also disadvantages, such as financial costs, insufficient structural changes, and somewhat slow adaptation to new requirements, which can cause internal difficulties and disputes. Emphasis is placed on the unevenness of investments in this industry due to the specifics of the activities of transport infrastructure enterprises. It is determined that attracting investment during the war is a difficult task due to uncertainty and risks for business. However, with the right strategy and the right use of opportunities, investments can be attracted even in such conditions. It is indicated that it is necessary to choose the optimal methodology for determining the investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure enterprises under modern conditions. An analysis of the main methods for determining investment attractiveness is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages have been specified. Groups of investors with different interests and expectations from investments are defined. The main factors that determine the investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure in changing security conditions have been identified. Most of all, this infrastructure is affected by the level of security and stability of a country or region. This is followed by legal stability, infrastructure potential, economic sustainability, innovation in technology, logistics efficiency, ecological aspects, and the geopolitical situation. Considering the interaction of these factors, a comprehensive assessment of the attractiveness for investment in transport infrastructure can be provided. All these factors should be taken into account in the formation of an integral indicator of investment attractiveness of transport infrastructure enterprises.

ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF A CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ENTERPRISE

The article substantiates the importance of ensuring the financial and economic security of a critical infrastructure enterprise in wartime conditions. It was established that it serves as a guarantee of “survival” and the basis for maintaining a stable position of the business entity in wartime. The higher the stability of the enterprise, the lower the risk of the influence of external and internal factors on its economic and financial security and activity as a whole. The current crisis situation in the world and in Ukraine requires enterprises to quickly respond to external and internal challenges that can both positively and negatively affect the efficiency of the enterprise. The aggressor’s troops are attacking Ukrainian cities, shelling the civilian population, infrastructure, residential buildings, kindergartens, schools, colleges, and universities. As a result of the russian war, a large part of the energy infrastructure, which is critical for Ukraine, was damaged. Therefore, it is timely and relevant to assess the financial and economic security of a critical infrastructure enterprise. The article analyses the activities of JSC “POLTAVAOBLENERGO”. The level of its financial and economic security is determined. Taking into account the realities of today, it should be noted that the financial condition of JSC “POLTAVAOBLENERGO” can be characterized as difficult, crisis. A high probability of bankruptcy, a financial crisis, and the presence of “sick” items in the balance sheet are a sign of a low level of financial and economic security of the studied critical infrastructure enterprise. The scientific and applied principles of qualitative and quantitative factors that determine the peculiarities of the safety-oriented activity of the enterprise have been revealed. The main threats that destabilize the activity of the critical infrastructure enterprise have been systematized. Measures are proposed that will contribute to increasing the level of financial and economic security of JSC “POLTAVAOBLENERGO”.

FEATURES OF MARINE AND RIVER PORT INFRASTRUCTURE FUNCTIONING IN THE SYSTEM OF ADAPTATION TO EXTERNAL POSITIONING CONDITIONS

Topicality. The expediency of developing scientific regulations is related to the need to take into account the new operating conditions of maritime enterprises of Ukraine and their adaptation. It is also important to analyze and justify the parametric features of the positioning of maritime transport enterprises. First of all, it is necessary to take into account: factors of the development of the global maritime trade market, trends and prospects of the global maritime industry, the state and competitive positioning of the port business, the functioning and prospects of the development of logistic - multimodal transport systems.Aim and tasks. Systematization of factors and substantiation of the peculiarities of the positioning of marine and river infrastructure enterprises of Ukraine, clarification of new conditions for the development of transport enterprises in the structure of the regional transport market. Achieving the set goal of the research is conditioned by the need to solve the following tasks: analysis and substantiation of parametric features of the development of the global maritime trade market, conditions for the development of the global maritime merchant fleet, analysis of the environment of international investments and the investment attractiveness of the maritime industry of Ukraine, trends and peculiarities of the positioning of the development of private and state property in the structure of the national stevedore market, substantiating the strategic importance of the marine and river infrastructure of Ukraine in ensuring the economic security of the country and overcoming the food crisis in the world.Materials and methods. The scientific basis of the research was methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of grouping, methods of making rational decisions, methods of operations research, as well as official data of statistical information, data of the United Nations Trade and Development Conference, the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, analytical materials of state statistics of Ukraine, analytical data of the administration of seaports of Ukraine.Research results. The trends and prospects for the development of world maritime trade are considered. The dynamics of the shipping capacity of the world merchant fleet for 2018-2021 is presented. The assessment of the state of the maritime trade market is given. Flows of foreign direct investments were analyzed and factors affecting their dynamics were identified. The state of the port infrastructure of Ukraine is substantiated. The dynamics of the cargo turnover of sea trade ports of the Black Sea region for 2005-2021 are given. The state and functioning of the private and public sectors of port business in Ukraine are analyzed. The dynamics of cargo turnover of private and state stevedoring enterprises in Ukraine for 2013-2021 is presented. The importance of the role of state ownership in the stevedore business in Ukraine, taking into account the state of war, is emphasized. The importance of the functioning of the port and river infrastructure of Ukraine in ensuring food security in the world is emphasized. The work of port operators under the "Grain Agreement" was analyzed.Conclusion. Factors of effective functioning of transport enterprises are systematized. The information and logistics model is presented, which takes into account the conditions of adaptation of enterprises of the maritime and river industry to Ukraine, taking into account the state of war. The economic requirements of the positioning of the components of the transport infrastructure of Ukraine are taken into account, taking into account the negative impact of the external environment. The impact of the use of the principle of digitalization, "single window" on the efficiency of the positioning of logistics links of cargo delivery is emphasized. The need to expand the water area of the ports on the Danube River and develop the logistics of the ports of the Danube region to ensure the functional stability of the potential of the transport industry of Ukraine has been revealed.

Innovation and profitability following antitrust intervention against a dominant platform: The wild, wild west?

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines whether “unblocking” competition through antitrust intervention against a dominant platform can spur complementor innovation in platform ecosystems. Using a novel dataset on enterprise infrastructure software and a difference‐in‐differences design, we examine the relation between the U.S. antitrust intervention against Microsoft (dominant enterprise platform) and subsequent innovation and profitability of infrastructure applications firms (complementors). The data show that innovation among complementors—particularly ones with low market share—soared when the competitive pressure on the dominant platform amplified. However, the profitability of these complementors dropped. Our results contribute to understanding links between competition and innovation in platform ecosystems, as well as the opportunities and threats related to dominant platforms in those ecosystems.Managerial SummaryComplementors (apps, services) that are owned by their platforms often have an unfair advantage. Antitrust action challenges the power of such dual platform‐complementors, reasoning that unfair advantage blocks fair competition, and, in turn, reduces firms' incentives to innovate and thus limits consumer choice. We examine whether reducing anticompetitive barriers and platform‐complementors' power revitalizes the platform ecosystem. Using a landmark antitrust case, we find mixed results: while complementors do innovate more, their profits go down. In particular, the low‐share complementors that bring in the most innovation are also the ones that lose the most financially, suggesting that they may have over‐relied on the platform for key assets. To develop a healthy ecosystem in the long run, platform owners may want to resist the temptation to keep complementors weak and instead help support their development to stand on their own.

Diversification of Equipment in the IT Infrastructure of Enterprises in Central Pomerania in Poland

The IT infrastructure is the basis for the efficient and effective flow of logistic information between the individual elements of the logistical system. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the diversification of equipment in IT infrastructure in enterprises in Central Pomerania in Poland. The research was conducted in 2021 using the CAWI method. The research covers five categories of IT infrastructure: IT equipment, software/applications, means of communication, devices cooperating in the smart internet network and other devices. The study was conducted on a sample of 353 enterprises located in the area of Central Pomerania. The results of the conducted research indicate that the degree of use of the IT infrastructure in the analyzed enterprises varies. Taking into account the size of the enterprise, IT infrastructure is much more often used by large and medium enterprises than by small and micro enterprises. In addition, the results also show the diversification of the use of IT infrastructure depending on the business profile of the enterprise. Among the various sections of activity, IT infrastructure is most often used by enterprises from Section C (industrial processing) and from Section H (transport and warehouse management).