Waste Management Infrastructure Research Articles

Trend of Mortality by Water Related Intestinal infectious Diseases: A Study of National Capital Territory of Delhi, (2001 to 2011)

National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi has been experiencing rapid urbanization for last few decades. The area is lagging behind in water and waste management infrastructure. This is due to the fact that Delhi is recording high growth rate of population mostly through in-migration over the years which is taxing much upon the existing water resources and the provisions made for water supply. Consequently demand is higher than supply of the safe drinking water. The consumption of unsafe drinking water is therefore increasing and is causing serious health problems among the fellow residents of NCT of Delhi. These health problems are basically related to digestive as well as excretory systems of the human body. These disorders are promoting mortality particularly among those segments of population which do not have access to potable drinking water. This paper is therefore a modest attempt towards examining the population growth rate and the scenarios of demand and supply for potable water as well as the overall water related intestinal infections and related mortality at present and their future occurrence. This requires synergy between the different sectors of the state to overcome the problem of intestinal infection diseases in the region.

Lessons from mercury dental amalgam phase down for developing economies

This paper highlighted six pertinent issues that developing economies should focus on with regards to mercury dental amalgam phase down. The need to set up structures for monitoring and evaluation of materials and technologies used in clinics, laboratories and hospitals was discussed as well as the need to provide research data on mercury pollution that may be peculiar to developing economies. The urgent needs to update dental schools' curricula and update the training of general Dental practitioners were also discussed. Aframework for curriculum development, review and update was proposed using the Minimum Intervention Treatment Plan (MITP). Two other caries management pathways-the International Caries Classification and Management System Caries Management Pathway (ICCMS-CaMP) and the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA-CaMP) were also highlighted. A “frog-leaping' phase down approach was proposed that took cognizance of the poor infrastructure for waste management in developing economies. Opportunities for new oral health policy initiatives with regards to integration of oral health into national and international health agenda were also discussed. Keywords:Mercury, dental amalgam, phase down, lessons, curriculum update.

Skenario Pengembangan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Kabupaten Pasaman Barat dengan Pendekatan Skala Pengolahan Sampah di Tingkat Kawasan dan Kota

<p>This study aims to analyze the existing conditions of the solid waste management system in Pasaman Barat Regency and discuss the alternative development of solid waste management systems with a solid waste treatment approach At the regional and municipal scale as a solution to the problem of solid waste management in Pasaman Barat Regency. From this study it is known that the level of existing solid waste management services was only 9.13% of total solid waste generated. The problems faced in solid waste management in Pasaman Barat Regency were still high levels of unserved solid waste, inadequate operational facilities and infrastructure for solid waste management, uneven handling of solid waste in service area coverage and the low practice of waste minimization and utilization. The solid waste man-agement system in Pasaman West Regency in the future can apply a combination of solid waste manage-ment approaches at the regional level based on Solid Waste Treatment Station with reduce-reuse-recycle approach (TPS 3R) in domestic areas and treatment at the city level based on Intergrated Solid Waste Treatment Station (TPST) at the landfill site, with the development of the system planned for 15 years, solid waste volume taken into the landfill site can be reduced by 22.40%</p>

Incineration technologies for various waste conditions

Waste to Energy is one of the solutions for the waste management widely used in the world. Since the Waste to Energy plant is an important infrastructure for local waste management, it should be reliable. To realize the reliability of the plant, it is necessary to choose and apply appropriate technologies in accordance with waste condition. Waste condition, like mass flow, heat value and compositions, varies widely depending on the local characteristics, waste management system, economical status, population, life style and so on. Waste to Energy technical should adapt to such variation. Steinmüller moving forward grate owned by Steinmüller Babcock Environment GmbH (SBENG) and Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Co., Ltd. (NSENGI) has been developed as high-efficient waste to energy technologies with approximately 500 reference plants and long-time experience. The history had started from Europe, and it has been extended to all over the world including Asia. Nowadays, more opportunities can be seen in Asia. This paper introduces technical measures and application criteria for various waste conditions. Modification of the length and width of grate system can cover various scales of waste flow. For the variation of waste property and compositions, it is corresponded by means of grate cooling system, combustion chamber design, combustion air condition and other related technologies. These technologies can be the solutions for Asian waste conditions. Appropriate combination of these technologies can contribute for the development of waste to energy in Asia.

Future scenarios of global plastic waste generation and disposal

The accumulation of mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) in the environment is a global growing concern. Knowing with precision where litter is generated is important to target priority areas for the implementation of mitigation policies. In this study, using country-level data on waste management combined with high-resolution distributions and long-term projections of population and the gross domestic product (GDP), we present projections of global MPW generation at ~1 km resolution from now to 2060. We estimated between 60 and 99 million metric tonnes (Mt) of MPW were produced globally in 2015. In a business-as-usual scenario, this figure could triple to 155–265 Mt y−1 by 2060. The future MPW load will continue to be disproportionately high in African and Asian continents even in the future years. However, we show that this growth in plastic waste can be reduced if developing economies significantly invest in waste management infrastructures as their GDP grows in the future and if efforts are made internationally to reduce the fraction of plastic in municipal solid waste. Using our projections, we also demonstrate that the majority of MPW (91%) are transported via watersheds larger than 100 km2 suggesting that rivers are major pathways for plastic litter to the ocean.

Improvement of waste management practices in a fast expanding sub-megacity in Pakistan, on the basis of qualitative and quantitative indicators

This paper deals with an analysis of waste management practices in the fast-growing city of Gujranwala with 2.6 million inhabitants, with a fast growing middle income group of 56%, and an urbanization rate of 3.49% per annum. This city is like many other cities in the developing world, characterised by hardly any waste management infrastructure. The study comprises: (1) an inventory of current waste flows, per income group as well as per season, (2) an inventory of waste management shortcomings, (3)) a what-if analysis on the carbon footprint of three waste treatment techniques. The inventory of current waste flows is based on a comprehensive site study involving 776 samples in total. The waste management shortcomings have been qualitatively analysed by Wasteaware model, which deals with physical aspects (public health, environmental control, resource management) as well as governance factors (user & provider inclusivity, financial stability, institutions & policies). The what-if analysis of the carbon footprint has been based on an LCA-based tool. The findings of this study are that: (1) the optimum choice of waste treatment scenario differs for the seasons, (2) the high and middle income groups have nearly half of the share of the waste (3) the Wasteaware system appears to be a powerful tool to communicate the weak spots and to make stakeholders aware of the opportunities for improvement. The novelty of this paper is that it focused on the impact of household income groups in combination with seasonal differences while comparing different waste disposal scenarios.

Community-Centred Infrastructure Design Process for Resilience Building in South African Informal Settlements: The “Genius of Space” Solid Waste and Greywater Infrastructure Project

Due to a lack of adequate water and sanitation infrastructure, growing, unplanned urban settlements in South Africa and elsewhere have been linked to pollution of critical river systems. The same dynamics undermine local resilience, understood as the capacity to adapt and develop in response to changes, persistent social and ecological risks, and disasters. Water and sanitation challenges undermine resilience by causing and compounding risks to individuals, and to household and community health and livelihoods, in a complex context in which communities and local governments have limited capacity and resources to respond appropriately. Household and community resilience in informal settlements is drawing increasing policy focus, given the persistence of these kinds of neighbourhoods in cities and towns in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa, in particular. This case considers whether bottom-up responses that combine public and private sector resources, including community participation, and use an interdisciplinary approach can support the production of novel resilience-fostering solutions. This article presents an analysis of the case of Genius of Space waste and wastewater management infrastructure in the Western Cape, South Africa. While the process has been imperfect and slow to show results, this analysis reflects on the gains, lessons and potential for replication that this work has produced. The Genius of Space approach adds to a growing area of practice-based experimentation focussed on incrementalism and adaptive development practices in urban environments, particularly in developing countries.

Beyond Wastescapes: Towards Circular Landscapes. Addressing the Spatial Dimension of Circularity through the Regeneration of Wastescapes

Wastescapes are the result of unsustainable linear growth processes and their spatial consequences within the context of urban metabolic flows and related infrastructure. They represent the operational infrastructure for waste management and include Drosscapes, generating complex relations with the servicing and surrounding territory. In particular, the peri-urban areas are spatially affected by these processes. This often leads to ineffective use and/or abandonment because they are currently impossible to use, demanding impactful (and often expensive) regeneration and revalorization to make them usable again. Being part of the urban metabolic process, wastescapes are in a continuous state of dynamic equilibrium. They can be considered crucial areas from a metropolitan perspective because they have the potential to become innovative spatial contexts or resources in a Circular Economy (CE), which aims to overcome the crises of both resource scarcity and spatial fragmentation. However, common and shared definitions of wastescapes are still missing at the European policy level, as only classical categories of material waste are generally mentioned. Wastescapes can be considered as ‘potentiality contexts’ where developing, testing, and implementing Eco-Innovative Solutions (EIS) can be done. By doing so, wastescapes can help start transitions towards a CE. This can be achieved by using Peri-urban Living Labs (PULL), which have the potential to be the virtual and physical environments in which experimenting the collaborative co-creation process for developing EIS can be done. Doing so will allow for the improvement of waste management and for the revalorization of wastescapes in collaboration with all potential stakeholders.

Can a global fund help solve the global marine plastic debris problem?

The problem of marine plastic debris impacts all of the world’s oceans and requires all nations to respond. However, developing States require funds to improve waste management infrastructure and services in order to reduce marine debris at source. Plastics manufacturers and retailers globally must be incentivised to design products for the environment as well as for the collection and end-of-life treatment facilities available within the intended markets. Given the oceans are a global common, we investigate the option of developing a global fund mechanism to progress the necessary actions to reduce plastic waste entering the world’s oceans. This requires consideration of what form a conceptual global fund could take, how contributions will be made to the fund and what the fund would pay for. In the short-term, remediation may be prioritised, but long-term preventive measures must also be considered. Both require funding. A global fund could assist in closing the disparity in available national funds for such activities.

Commentary: Perspectives on aquaculture, urbanization and water quality

Aquaculture presents essential opportunities to meet global food security needs, but adverse effects of aquaculture practices on ecological integrity and influences of existing waste management infrastructure on product safety must be understood in rapidly expanding urban and peri-urban regions. Concentration of, access to and use of chemical products is increasing in many urban areas faster than interventions are being implemented. Aquaculture farming is employing “non-traditional” (e.g., treated or untreated sewage) waters in some regions, but the spatial extent of these intentional or de facto water reuse practices with associated water quality and food safety systems are poorly understood around the world. Integrative water reuse, aquaculture product safety, ecological and public health research and advanced surveillance systems are needed. Such efforts appear particularly important because noncommunicable diseases are increasing and pollution is now recognized as one of the major global health threats, particularly in lower and middle income countries. Here we provide some modest perspectives and identify several research needs to support more sustainable aquaculture practices while protecting public health and the environment.

Towards the effective E-waste management in Bangladesh: a review

Nowadays, the electrical and electronic products are a crucial commodity for different purposes of daily life and they are multiplying five times faster than human like mobile phones, which has reached zero to 7.2 billion in only three decades. A 5-10% yearly increase in the amount of used electrical and electronic equipment that are disposed of prudently can cause environmental hazards that have an aversive effect on human health, marine life, contamination of groundwater, and reduces soil's fertility. Management of this enormous influx of electrical and electronic waste is a challenge for developing countries like Bangladesh with barebones solid waste management infrastructure. Inadequacy of public awareness, policies and poor budget in the field of waste management are few of the key factors behind this delineating scenario. In this study, the picture electrical and electronic waste productions in Bangladesh along with the recent E-waste management systems have been presented comprehensively. Based on the study, it was concluded that most of the adapted E-waste management methods are conversational and detached from current technological capability. A set of sustainable E-waste management system has been suggested along with the challenges, which might appear during the implementation of these strategies. Successful implementation of these suggested systems would advance the quality of E-waste management in Bangladesh increasing the current 35% overall E-waste recycling rate and offer enormous energy from the waste.

Delineating the plastic waste status in the State of Qatar: Potential opportunities, recovery and recycling routes

The Qatar's national vision (QNV2030) underlines an unequivocal commitment to maintaining harmony between the three inter-dependent pillars of sustainable development: economic growth, social development and environmental management. Nonetheless, it seems that the country is set on a trajectory of unparalleled and rapid development that most waste management and environmental experts would, possibly, characterise as unsustainable; in addition it seems to repeat many of the “errors” that have been made in other parts of the world, including, for example, a lack of developed recycling and waste management infrastructure. The average Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation rate per capita in the Gulf Co-operation countries (GCC) reaches almost 1.5 kg/person/d, with the State of Qatar being close to 1.4 kg/person/d during the past years, thereby ranking the Gulf States as some of the highest waste generating countries globally. Plastics, accounting for approx. 13–14% of the total MSW (in these countries), present both a significant amount as well as a valuable resource to be recovered. In the present work, the authors attempt to delineate the plastic recovery status, based on the current waste management and recycling infrastructure existing and operating in Qatar, outlying the drawbacks, but at the same time highlighting the potential opportunities and benefits in developing the waste management and recovery sector in the country.

Dow plans industrial park

Dow Chemical plans to turn its 1,050-hectare manufacturing site in Midland, Mich., into a multitenant industrial park. The plan anticipates parent DowDuPont’s intention to split next year into three independent companies: Dow, DuPont, and Corteva Agriscience. Each will retain operations at the site. In addition, silanes maker Cabot, polyvinylidene chloride producer SK Saran Americas, and styrenics maker Trinseo already operate on the site and will continue to do so. Dow’s plan is to attract other industrial tenants who will benefit from the site’s existing utility, safety, logistics, and waste management infrastructure. As other large chemical firms have restructured, they too have turned sprawling sites into multitenant corporate parks. Among them is ICI, a once-dominant chemical maker that turned part of its Teesside, England, site into a multitenant research and pilot-plant facility called Wilton Centre in 2001. Clariant’s Muttenz, Switzerland, complex became Infrapark Baselland in 2011. Earlier this year, DuPont repurposed

Ocena inwestycji w infrastrukturę gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi na przykładzie ZGOK Olsztyn

Inwestycje w infrastrukturę gospodarki odpadami stanowią dla gmin główny priorytet gospodarczo-społeczny. Realizowane projekty z obszaru gospodarki odpadami wyróżniają się na tle innych branż pod względem celów, motywów oraz uwarunkowań. W artykule dokonano oceny efektywności finansowo-ekonomicznej projektu ZGOK w Olsztynie. Efekty inwestowania na przykładzie wybranego projektu zmierzone zostały za pomocą wskaźnika wartości bieżącej netto NPV. Jednym z wyzwań dla praktyków jest umiejętność stosowania metod wyceny korzyści ekonomiczno-społecznych wynikających ze zrealizowanego projektu.

Rekomendasi Penentuan Titik Tempat Penampungan Sampah Sementara Di Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang

A waste management that supports 100-0-100 program of Ministry of Public Works and Housing (2015-2019) is one of main concerns of Malang city government. The community of Kedungkandang District has not been served fully by the waste management service. Only 37% of the Kedungkandang District Community which is served by waste management service or only 152,2 m 3 / day from the total volume of waste production which is 412,3 m 3 / day. This is not appropriate with the target of waste service in Malang City (100%). This target aimed to support the program of Public Work and Housing Ministry which is 100-0-100 that means 100% access to safe drinking water, 0% slum settlement and 100% access to sanitation service in 2015-2019. This research discusses the improvement the waste service area in Kedungkandang district by adding new transfer points and increasing the capacity of transfer points. The analyzes used in this study are the analysis of transfer point and waste collection tools conformity, overlay analysis, network analysis, operational waste transport analysis. The criteria needed to increase the waste service area in Kedungkandang District, and to determine the recommendation that will be applied. The criteria used is based on the regulation of Malang City no (10) 2010, PERMEN PU No (3) 2013 about the waste management infrastructure and Masterplan of Waste Management 2016, SNI 3242-2008 about the procedure of waste management in the settlement. The result of this research shows that the transfer points’ capacity which need to be expanded such as Cemorokandang transfer point, Kedungkandang transfer point, Lesanpuro transfer point, Arjowinangun transfer point, Danau Bratan transfer point, while the establishment of the new transfer points will be in Bumiayu Village, Tlogowaru Village, Kedungkandang Village, Cemorokandang Village, Wonokoyo Village. Keywords: Service area, transfer points, waste transport.

Municipal solid waste generation and disposal in Robe town, Ethiopia

ABSTRACTThe amount of solid waste generated in developing countries is rising over time due to economic growth, change inconsumer behavior, and lifestyles of people. But it is hard to manage and handle the increase of solid waste with existing waste management infrastructure. Thus, the management system of solid waste is very poor and has become a serious problem. The main purpose of this study is to quantify the volume of solid waste generated and investigate factors affecting generation and disposal of wastes in the study area. The result of this study indicated that total waste generated from households was about 97.092 kg/day. Furthermore, the study reveals that the solid waste generation rate of the town is 0.261 kg/person/day. About 57.5% of solid waste is properly disposed of to a landfill site, whereas the remaining 42.5% is illegally dumped at the roadsides and open fields.Implications: Nowadays, in developing countries there is a high concentration of people in urban areas, causing the generation of an enormous concentration of municipal waste in urban areas. Therefore this study’s findings will be important for various policymakers and town planners. This may also serve as a benchmark for the municipal authorities of the town for whom the problem is still invisible and negligible and can push environmental protection authorities to reexamine the implementation of their policies and strategies with regard to the broader issues of human and environmental health conditions of town dwellers.

China's plastic waste import ban

Environmental Studies China, the world's top plastic waste importer, implemented a permanent ban on importing nonindustrial plastic waste beginning on 31 December 2017. Brooks et al. examined how this ban may affect countries that had previously exported difficult-to-manage plastic waste to China. Through analyzing 28 years of data on imports and exports from the United Nations Comtrade Database, they found that China has imported 45% of the world's plastic waste since 1992. This means that an estimated 111 million metric tons of plastic waste will have to be redirected by 2030 because of this ban. The analysis further highlights how, for decades, higher-income countries have been exporting plastic waste to lower-income countries that do not have robust waste management infrastructures. Sci. Adv. 10.1126/sciadv.aat0131 (2018).

G7 leaders sign plastics pledge

Leaders at the G7 summit in Charlevoix, Quebec, turned up the heat on the ocean plastics issue by signing an agreement meant to boost recycling and reduce single-use plastics. The move was met with skepticism from some environmentalists, who are hungry for specific policies to tackle the problem, and with accelerated efforts from the plastics industry, which increasingly finds itself on the defensive. Five countries—Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and the U.K.—as well as the European Union signed the Ocean Plastics Charter. The U.S. and Japan abstained. The document calls for working with industry to make all plastics reusable, recyclable, or recoverable by 2030. Additionally, the leaders want to recycle or reuse 55% of plastic packaging by 2030 and recover all plastics by 2040. They also want to significantly reduce single-use plastics. The agreement seeks to address marine litter in “global hot spots” by helping such places develop waste management infrastructure.

The effect of Particles PM10 and PM2.5 in dust emission of urban infrastructure from Thermal Power Plant Technology Kosovo

Airborne particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 microns (referred to as PM10) is one of the six criteria pollutants used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as indicator of air quality. During the last decade, the health effects of urban aerosols have become a major concern for the society. The main environmental problems in Kosovo include all issues related to water supply and sanitation system, air quality, solid waste management and urban infrastructure. The major problem remains high pollutions, energy losses and low collection efficiency. The awareness of environmental issues among the general public is poor. Air quality is degraded by various polluters, including traffic and two big thermal power plants which are located close to the surface lignite deposit in Obiliq. Emission of dust and ash from the thermo power plants exceeds by far the EU standards. Gas emissions have a high level of PM, CO2, SOx, NOx. For coal generation, reducing non-GHG pollutant emissions (SO2, NOx, PM) is significantly important. Additional problems are the ash hills that have more than 40 million tons of ash and are taking about 165 ha of agricultural land, as well as the pits created the coal extraction in the lignite open pit mines.

Fighting ocean plastics at the source

In Muncar, on the coast of East Java, Indonesia, fishers still make their living the traditional way, launching from the shore in the hand-painted boats they have used for generations. But that doesn’t mean that this harbor town is untouched by time. Plastic waste is mounting on the riverbanks and in the waters around Muncar. Some probably lurks within the fish brought ashore on the boats. Muncar is the second-largest fishing port in Indonesia, but it has barely a semblance of a waste management infrastructure. Dorothea Wiplinger, the sustainability manager for Austrian plastics maker Borealis, was on the ground in Muncar recently studying the problem. She says nearly 90% the garbage, mostly organic waste, that local inhabitants generate is either dumped haphazardly or burned. “You cannot see the sand anymore because the beaches are just full of waste. And then the high tide takes the waste away,” she says. “The