State Of Infrastructure Research Articles

Kualitas Fisik Lingkungan Kawasan Permukiman di Sempadan Rel Kecamatan Labuhan Ratu, Bandar Lampung

Title: Physical Environmental Quality of Residential Areas on the Railway Boundary Labuhan Ratu Sub-district, Bandar Lampung The high demand for land and limited availability have caused built-up land to move to suburban areas of the city. The concentration of activities, such as establishing settlements and higher education centers, has also influenced the development of built-up land around them. Low-income people take advantage of the opportunities available by utilizing vacant land as a place to live. Land use that is carried out continuously and uncontrollably has an impact on the railway boundary. This study aims to identify the physical condition of the environment in residential areas in Labuhan Ratu Subdistrict, especially in the railroad border area. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results found that the existence of settlements on the railroad border in Labuhan Ratu Subdistrict is included in the category of illegal settlements. Infrastructure conditions such as drainage, lighting, waste management, clean water, and others could be better; the topographic conditions of the area also support this. Increasingly dense illegal settlements and poor infrastructure conditions will affect environmental conditions, such as decreased land balance and environmental quality.

Assessment of community pharmacies readiness to dispense antiretroviral medicines in Rwanda.

Since the introduction of the 'Test and treat' approach in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) management, various strategies have been devised and implemented by countries to relieve public health facilities of the large numbers of people coming for medicine refills and clinical follow-up. One of the strategies is the dispensing of antiretroviral medicines through community pharmacies. In Rwanda, community pharmacies are not yet involved in antiretrovirals (ARVs) dispensing, and no study has assessed their readiness to provide this service. This study aimed to assess the readiness of community pharmacy staff and infrastructure to implement a decentralised model of antiretroviral medicines dispensing. This cross-sectional study included data from 262 community pharmacies sampled across all districts of Rwanda. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire, from February to March 2023. Responses were received for 262 community pharmacies, representing the total sample size. Data analysis was done using quantitative descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. Frequency tables and graphs were produced using STATA15 and the outputs were exported to MS Excel as well as MS Word to allow document framing and designing. The research has shown a high proportion of community pharmacy staff trained in HIV prevention (82.4% trained on HIV testing), but a low level of training in treatment (30.5%) and psychosocial support of people living with HIV (29.8%). Infrastructure and storage conditions were found to be adequate, with 99.6% of surveyed Pharmacies having sufficient storage space. Majority (93.9%) expressed their willingness to dispense ARVs in the pharmacy premises. A large number of respondents (92.4%) felt that dispensing of antiretroviral medicines through community pharmacies would lead to an increase in sales of over the counter and other non-HIV related medicines. The main anticipated challenge that should be addressed to ensure effective implementation is the lack of interoperability between reporting systems used by community pharmacies and those used by health facilities providing HIV services (76.7% of respondents). Community pharmacies in Rwanda have majority of staff trained in various areas of HIV prevention, but a small proportion have been trained in HIV care and treatment. Community pharmacies have the necessary infrastructure to dispense ARVs, and those with shortcomings, such as the lack of a separate room for individual patient counselling, are willing to obtain such a room if they are authorised to dispense ARVs. Staffs are willing to dispense ARVs in community pharmacies if the model is recommended by policymakers. The model could have several benefits for community pharmacies and the public health system in general, but there are also challenges that should be mitigated to ensure effective implementation. The staff willingness and expected benefits constitute enabling factors that the Ministry of Health and the national HIV control programme may leverage to prepare for introducing the model of ARVs distribution through community pharmacies.

The Status of Space Weather Infrastructure and Research in Africa

Space weather science has been a growing field in Africa since 2007. This growth in infrastructure and human capital development has been accompanied by the deployment of ground-based observing infrastructure, most of which was donated by foreign institutions or installed and operated by foreign establishments. However, some of this equipment is no longer operational due to several factors, which are examined in this paper. It was observed that there are considerable gaps in ground-based space-weather-observing infrastructure in many African countries, a situation that hampers the data acquisition necessary for space weather research, hence limiting possible development of space weather products and services that could help address socio-economic challenges. This paper presents the current status of space weather science in Africa from the point of view of some key leaders in this field, focusing on infrastructure, situation, human capital development, and the research landscape.

Automatic System for Roadway Safety – ASRS 01

One of the objectives of the European Union (EU) as well as of other state authorities is to create safe roads for vehicles all over the EU space. Considering the rapid development of road traffic and, regrettably, an increase in the number of accidents, the system presented in this paper has the role of informing road traffic participants about infrastructure and environmental conditions. Hardware support, software support as well and further development of the ASRS 01 system are presented.

A multi-scale robotic approach for precise crack measurement in concrete structures

This paper introduces a multi-scale robotic approach for measuring the width, length, shape, and profile of hairline cracks in concrete structures. The approach uses a convolutional neural network to identify potential surface cracks, and then robotically navigates a high-resolution laser scanner to measure the detailed shape of the detected cracks. Finally, 3D point cloud registration techniques fuse the laser scans with LiDAR-based scan of the surrounding environment. The proposed method is validated with computer simulations and physical experiments on a concrete specimen. The results are compared against the state-of-the-art, vision-based methods as well as readings of a transparent crack width ruler. The comparison demonstrates the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed multi-scale robotic approach in measuring hairline cracks providing vital data for assessing the conditions of civil infrastructures.

Systematic Literature Review The Role of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure for Children with Special Needs at School

Children with special needs need quality facilitators. One form of facilitator that children with special needs need to have is facilities and infrastructure that can support their education. The purpose of this study is to add insight into the importance of educational facilities and infrastructure for children with special needs in schools and to see what the real condition of educational facilities and infrastructure in Indonesia in recent years. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to collect and analysed data from 14 articles relevant to the topic under review. The results show the importance of the role of facilities and infrastructure for children with special needs which greatly affects learning outcomes as well as how the real conditions of facilities and infrastructure are still not appropriate, causing many problems for both students with special needs and educators. The results of this study are expected to help all parties to care more about the conditions of facilities and infrastructure for children with special needs in schools, be it students, teachers, school authorities, parents, government, and or the public.

Fossil gas lock-in risks: analysis of Algeria’s electricity sector and implications for a renewable energy transition

Algeria's electricity sector is dependent on fossil gas. Domestic gas demand is growing, and gas-fired power plants are projected to make up 84% of total installed capacity by 2028. This brings the country into a Sustainability Nexus dilemma: on the one hand, Algeria is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts of the gas sector, whereas on the other hand, the energy and export revenue derived from gas would need to be substituted in order to ensure social and economic development in the country. Socioeconomic tradeoffs and alternatives must therefore be understood and managed in a way that ensures continued political and public support for the country's energy transition and fossil fuel exit. This paper aims to (a) identify fossil gas lock-in factors and (b) explore the opportunities to overcome these obstacles in order to facilitate a transition into renewable energy. Using a deductive approach, we draw on theoretical assumptions regarding carbon lock-in theory and the 2020 framework of Trencher et al. to study (1) technological and infrastructural conditions, (2) actors and agency, (3) formal and informal institutions, knowledge and competences, and (4) exogenous context. Between November 2021 and March 2022, a total of 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted in Algeria with stakeholders from the government, power and industry organizations, civil society organizations, and scientific institutions. The interview transcripts were then thematically analyzed to get a picture of recurrent themes and patterns. Our analysis identified several factors contributing to the fossil gas lock-in in Algeria's electricity system: economic dependence on oil and fossil gas; the significant influence of oil and gas actors, and the governmental support for fossil gas; gas and electricity subsidies, which lock out all other energy alternatives; and an overall lack of attention to climate change in energy policy formulation and in political and societal debate, despite the major capacity expansion plans prompted by heatwaves. The paper ends with a brief discussion of how Algeria's gas lock-in may worsen due to the war in Ukraine.

The transport and infrastructure conditions of developing the urban environment in the city of Aktobe

The transport and infrastructure conditions of developing the urban environment in the city of Aktobe

Качество жизни населения в условиях цифровизации: институциональные и инфраструктурные аспекты

The authors of the article note that digitalization is a global trend of technological transformation, which affects not only the production sector, but also society as a whole and each individual. Currently, the scientific base of digital processes is being formed both in the industrial sphere (Industry 4.0) and in almost all spheres of society (Society 5.0). Strengthening the digitalization of the economy and society is aimed at achieving a new, higher quality of life for the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the institutional and infrastructural conditions for the digitalization of social space in the Russian Federation and regions, and to highlight the best regional practices. To carry out the work, official statistical data from the state statistics website Rosstat were used. Main research methods: review and content analysis of scientific works in this area, collection and processing of statistical information, interregional comparisons according to selected criteria. The study analyzed the conditions for the development of digitalization of the social space of the regions. From the ranking of regions by level of digitalization, a research site was selected: among the leaders are cities of federal status - Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as regions of the Russian Federation - Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; Among the outsiders are the Republic of Ingushetia and the Jewish Autonomous Region. An analysis was carried out of the availability and frequency of use of information and communication technologies by the population of the regions. The issues of institutional and infrastructural digital provision of the quality of life of the regional population are considered. In conclusion, an analysis of best practices was carried out, which made it possible to systematize promising areas of digitalization of the social sphere in the regions of the Russian Federation.

ANALISIS KEPUASAN PENGUNJUNG DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PADA OBJEK WISATA PANTAI MUTUN DI KABUPATEN PESAWARAN

This study aims to analyze the level of visitors’ satisfaction at Mutun Beach, the tourist attributes that need to be improved and maintained by Mutun Beach, and to find out the driving and inhibiting factors development of Mutun Beach. The method used in this research was a survey method. The samples in this study were 4 Mutun employees and 77 visitors, which were taken using purposive sampling and accidental sampling methods. Data collection was carried out in January - February 2023. The data analysis methods used were Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), and descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicated that the level of visitor satisfaction is in the "Satisfied" category with a CSI value of 74.77%. Based on the IPA method, tourism attributes that need to be improved are the condition of game facilities such as banana boats, rubber boats and water booms, the safety of water boom, and the condition of toilet and prayer room facilities. Tourism attributes that need to be maintained are the attractiveness of the beach, cleanliness, comfortable atmosphere, calm sea water, various and condition of infrastructure and game facilities, and good service. Factors that are driving the development of Mutun Beach are high tourist attractiveness, easy accessibility, complete facilities, good service and management, and government’s role. The inhibiting factors are limited promotion, competitors or other beaches around Mutun, and limited funds and human resources.Key words: CSI, development potential, IPA, visitor satisfaction

The Effect of Parent-Teacher Associations Reviewed Policy Guidelines on the Status of Infrastructure in Ghana’s Rural basic Schools

This study looks at the adequacy of basic school infrastructure in the milieu of reviewed parent-teacher association policy guidelines in managing and administrating basic schools in Ghana. The study focused on nine deprived community basic schools in the Upper West region of Ghana. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the schools. The study adopted a qualitative approach, which encompassed the implementation of interviews, focus group discussions and observation. Findings from the study revealed that the review of the Parents-Teacher Association policy has decreased the rate at which parents assisted in the provision of infrastructure in many rural schools; pupils and teachers adopted their own ways of coping with the available limited infrastructure and most parents were no more willingly determined to support the schools with infrastructure. These were caused mainly by the following four components of the reviewed policy guidelines. Firstly, no student should be sent home, given any punishment or prevented from school activity for non-payment of PA levies or dues. Again, the school system should not be used for the purpose of collecting PA levies or dues. More so, PAs should liaise with Boards of Governors and Heads of Schools to determine projects to be undertaken in the schools based on the priority needs of the schools. Lastly, heads/teachers of schools are not required to be signatories and front liners to PA activities and accounts unless so decided by PAs themselves. The study suggests that PTA members should be given much education on educational policies. They should be consulted in the formulation of educational policies. Finally, there should be existence of clear public regulations and measures that will motivate and explicitly indicate the roles of PA’s in the provision of basic school infrastructure. These will further prompt their willingness to assist basic schools with infrastructure.

The Recreational Value of the Baltic Sea Coast: A Spatially Explicit Site Choice Model Accounting for Environmental Conditions

The coast plays a significant recreational role in the nine countries around the Baltic Sea. More than 70% of the population of these countries visit the coast, representing some 80 million recreational visits annually. Understanding the values associated with coastal recreation, and the potential welfare changes resulting from improvements in the state of environmental and infrastructure conditions of the Baltic Sea coast is important for marine environment management in the region. We estimate a spatially explicit travel cost model for Baltic coast recreation to assess the welfare of accessing individual sites, identify recreational hot spots and simulate the welfare changes resulting from improvements in environmental and infrastructure conditions. The total benefits associated with Baltic Sea coast-based recreation amount to 27.5 billion EUR per year with significant variation across sites. Improving water quality and infrastructure boost the recreational value by nearly 6.2 billion EUR, an increase of about a fifth of the existing recreational benefits.

Efficiency in the Last Mile of Autonomous Ground Vehicles with Lockers: From Conventional to Renewable Energy Transport

This research aims to compare autonomous ground vehicles with conventional and electric vans on the basis of associated vehicle costs and benefits related to their use, taking into account economic feasibility. Cost per vehicle kilometre is derived using the total cost of ownership method adjusted with the inclusion of labour costs and the impact of solar panel application on fuel efficiency while travel time-related and capacity occupations and reliability benefits serve as a basis for the total possible number of parcels delivered. The results show that, under the current structural and infrastructural conditions of urban delivery, the experimental model can be potentially successful in terms of cost per kilometre (0.133/km) but not as effective in terms of the total possible number of parcels delivered. This study defines autonomous ground vehicles with lockers as an innovative last mile solution and contributes to the academic literature by investigating the concept’s efficiency competitiveness.

Analisa Sarana Prasarana Bangunan: Studi Kasus Pasar Rakyat Krueng Geukueh, Aceh Utara

The people's market which is the center of economic activity has the potential to drive the economy based on the people's economy, therefore it is necessary to make physical improvements to the people's market which was previously carried out a market analysis to maintain it. The government planned a market revitalization program, but many failed. Krueng Geukueh People's Market is one of the markets that has been built by the government but not according to existing standards. The purpose of this study was to determine the facilities and infrastructure 27 aspects of the criteria for SNI requirements for people's markets. The condition of this market infrastructure is not in accordance with the provisions of the people's market SNI, because some indicators of existing market facilities and infrastructure have not functioned as intended. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. In collecting data used field observation, survey documentation. The results showed that the aspects of the people's market requirements studied were not effective for use by traders

Charter School Autonomy and Centralized Student Transportation: How Contextual Factors Influence Perspectives in Three Cities

ABSTRACT Some school districts have centralized school operations as a means to ensure universal access to schools of choice. Yet, centralization can infringe on charter school autonomy. We explore how district and charter school leaders in three contexts perceive and negotiate the trade-offs between centralized versus school-based autonomy. We find that decision-making and governance of student transportation are inherently place-specific, with conditions of history, geography, infrastructure, and state governance dominating leaders’ preferences. Therefore, despite the recognized benefits, school leaders maintain vastly different perspectives about the feasibility and appeal of centralized transportation within the charter sector.

Unmanned aerial vehicle service network design for urban monitoring

This study examines the multi-depot location-routing problems of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for urban monitoring (MDLRP-UM). MDLRP-UM arises in various practical applications, including daily police patrols in urban residential areas, forest fire patrols, urban infrastructure status monitoring and data collection, traffic flow monitoring at important intersections, and monitoring of urban temperature and humidity, among others. These diverse applications can be modeled as a general mixed-integer quadratically constrained problem (MIQCP), where we jointly plan the service routes of the UAVs, the frequency on each route, and the location of the depots to minimize the total cost. To solve the proposed problem, we decompose it into a master problem and sub-problems. We then propose an iterative algorithm (termed as “Frequency-Time-Frequency Strategy”) to solve the sub-problems, which is to find the optimal frequency and corresponding single service time for a given single route. The “Frequency-Time-Frequency Strategy” is further nested within a tailored adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) based heuristic algorithm to solve the master problem. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed solution method are demonstrated by a series of numerical studies.

Effective Cost Reduction Usage of Infrastructure in Small Scale Sectors using Cloud Storage and Internet of Things

Presently many small-scale information technology based private sectors are scare due to spending of high cost for maintaining of infrastructures and resources. In order to avoid to pay more money on maintaining infrastructures, there is a need of an effective price reduction method for the usage of infrastructures in various computer-based private sectors which has been achieved through integration of different online and offline cloud storages along with internet of things sensors. This method delivers huge range of infrastructures, resources and services through online and offline platforms through on-demand basics of user request. This system disables or switch off unnecessary services or resources when it is unused by people in the private sectors which has been controlled through various types of sensors. This integrated cloud storage and IoT method verifies user verification and validation along with storing all information about status of infrastructures in offline and online cloud storage environment. This paper deals dynamic group audit regulation through k-means cluster technique with cryptographic algorithm. The alert messaging and alarm indication system has been enforced in this system. Combining of internet of things and cloud storage techniques which guarantees reduction of cost for usage of infrastructures and also assures privacy, security on quality of service with maintaining of better information transmission. This high skilled method preserves the internet of things with cloud storage environment with better performance evaluation in terms of bandwidth usage and computational and communication cost.

A Study on Agricultural Infrastructure in Potato Cultivation with Reference to Chikkamagaluru District

Infrastructure plays a vital role in agriculture at every single step such as supply of inputs, sowing of crops and for post harvest management. Investment on infrastructural practices in agriculture must be in a planned manner to avoid post harvest losses and enhances productivity. India is lacking with infrastructure up gradation with respect to storage houses, pack houses, absence of proper supply chain for agricultural inputs. However, the present study has been undertaken to analyze agricultural infrastructure in potato cultivation. The study focuses on to study the impact of infrastructure development in potato cultivation, to study the present condition of agricultural infrastructure in potato cultivation, to evaluate farmer’s satisfaction towards agricultural infrastructure. The data for the present study has been collected by meeting 50 potato cultivators from Chikkamagaluru district with the help of structured questionnaire. It was found that majority of the potato cultivator prefer resource based infrastructure development and strongly agree that agricultural infrastructure leads to high yield.

Perencanaan Pemasaran Jasa Pendidikan di SMP IT Mufidatul Ilmi Kabupaten Banyuasin

This study aims to understand the Marketing Planning of Educational Services at SMP IT Mufidatul Ilmi Banyuasin. The research is a qualitative descriptive study, with 6 research subjects, including the school principal, curriculum vice-principal, administrative head, educators, parents, and students. Data is collected through three methods: interviews, observations, and documentation. Subsequently, the data analysis technique begins with data collection, data presentation, and data verification. The research results indicate that: (1) Goal Setting involves holding meetings twice a year in January and June and establishing a special committee for student admissions. (2) Formulating Current Conditions is based on the school's profile, vision, the number of educators, educational quality, and infrastructure conditions, which are formulated through meetings for effective implementation. (3) Identifying Facilities and Barriers through SWOT Analysis has been conducted effectively through meetings. (4) Plan Development is carried out effectively by the school principal, curriculum vice principal, teachers, and staff with direct coordination and evaluation of the previous plans

Hạ tầng công nghệ thông tin trong chuyển đổi số tại Học viện Ngân hàng

The Covid -19 pandemic broke out and caused negative impacts on all aspects of socio-economic life, but it is also a factor that promotes the process of digital transformation of education to happen faster. During the period of quarantine due to the epidemic, educational institutions have actively applied information technology in teaching, learning and evaluation to complete the school year plan. Reality has proven that one of the most important foundations of digital transformation in education is ensuring the conditions for digital infrastructure to apply information technology. By summarizing data and observing trends, the article evaluates the current situations of digital infrastructure, information system security and software systems serving digital transformation at the Banking Academy of Vietnam (BAV). From that, the authors point out shortcomings, difficulties and infrastructure challenges for the digital transformation process at BAV in the current period.