Infrared Laser Radiation Research Articles

The Effect of Infrared Laser Irradiation on the Surface Morphology and Electrical Properties of Zinc Metal

This study details the irradiation of pure (99.995%) and immaculate metallic Zinc using Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 mJ, 9–14 ns). The influence and impact of multiple laser shots on the formation of microstructures and crystal structure orientations is assessed. Arrays of ablated craters are machined on the whole surface of the target to probe the electrical and topographical characteristics of laser-treated surfaces. Irradiated samples are examined by multiple characterizing techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a four-point probe for electrical conductivity measurements. SEM and AFM analysis exhibited the formation of laser-induced ripple structures with periodicity sheerly dependent on laser shots. A comparison of surface topography of the virgin and treated samples disclosed a pronounced modification in surface texture. The XRD patterns of laser shined targets indicate no momentous structural change in the crystal structure, whereas the measurements on the electrical conductivity of the irradiated surfaces exhibit an exponential descending trend with an augmentation in laser shots.

Surface modification of tungsten disulfide nanosheets with pH/Thermosensitive polymer and polyethylenimine dendrimer for near-infrared triggered drug delivery of letrozole

In the present work, pH and thermosensitive polymer, N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allyl acetoacetate modified polyethylenimine dendrimer-grafted tungsten disulfide, is successfully synthesized for triggered letrozole delivery for cancer chemotherapy. The nanocarrier was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Different parameters influencing the sorption of drug such as pH, contact time, and temperature were studied to optimize the operating conditions. It was shown that drug release is enhanced under the near infrared laser irradiation, indicating that the nanocarrier can be used as dual responsive systems, with drug release controllable through laser irradiation. Moreover, after 6 h of simulated release in vitro, the letrozole release amount of the nanocarrier was 88.76 % at pH 5.6 (37 °C), 99.47 % at pH 5.6 (45 °C), 33.60 % at pH 7.4 (37 °C), and 73.35 % at pH 7.4 (45 °C), showing the pH and thermo-responsiveness. The different release kinetic models were investigated and it has been shown that release curve of drug best followed the Higuchi model for the release of letrozole from the nanocarrier. The release of letrozole from the nanocarrier occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Upon 808 nm near laser irradiation, it shown that 100 % of letrozol was released. The pH and thermosensitive polymer absorb the NIR light and as a result begin to dissipate heat. This heat produced induces a shrinkage of the polymer facilitating the release of the drug. Also, adsorption of drug on the pH and thermosensitive polymer is best explained by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models.

Fenton-driven photothermal enhanced degradation of methylene blue by using Cu2O@SnO2@PDA cubic heterostructured catalyst

In order to enhance the photostability of Cuprous oxide and improve the photocatalytic activity, this study was the first to prepare polydopamine (PDA) coated Cu2O@SnO2 Fenton heterostructured catalyst (HCs) for photothermal synergistic enhanced pollutant dye degradation. HCs reduced the Cu2O electron-hole pair filling group rate by Cu/Sn heterostructures, and the PDA shell layer protection greatly improved the stability of Cu2O. The developed Cu2O@SnO2@PDA-HCs could generate heat rapidly under near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, which greatly improved the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst by a typical photothermal enhanced Fenton-driven degradation process. All the results indicate that Cu2O@SnO2@PDA-HCs have great potential applications in dye wastewater treatment.

Ultrafast Dissociation Dynamics Induced in [Fe(CO)5] n Xe m Mixed Clusters by Resonant Femtosecond Infrared Laser Radiation.

Real-time dissociation dynamics induced in [Fe(CO)5] n Xe m mixed molecular clusters by femtosecond IR radiation in the 5 μm region was studied for the first time by means of time-resolved methods based on resonant excitation of C≡O vibrations in the molecular core of the cluster and photoionization probing (λ = 400 nm) of its decay products. It was found that IR-excited clusters in the initially cold particle beam are heated and dissociated as a result of relaxation processes, giving rise to free neutral Xe aggregates and Fe(CO)5 molecules. Thus, the formed particles are the origin of signal variations from Xe+ and Fe(CO)5 + ions, which grow on a picosecond time scale. It is concluded that the initial laser excitation of C≡O vibrations in clusterized molecules is followed by the process of cluster dissociation accompanied with the formation of free neutral particles according to the hierarchy of binding energies: weakly bound shells of Xe atoms are evaporated first and much faster than the Fe(CO)5 molecules from the cluster core. The characteristic times of relaxation processes as well as the cluster temperature were estimated.

Obtaining Films by Irradiation of an Aqueous Solution of Copper Sulfate by Infrared Laser Radiation

Obtaining Films by Irradiation of an Aqueous Solution of Copper Sulfate by Infrared Laser Radiation

Photobiomodulation Therapy Using Infrared (808 nm) Low Level Laser Therapy Associated with Strength Training in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Mechanisms for significant clinical and statistical benefits of photobiomodulation (PBMT) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) include anti-inflammatory effects, optimization of tissue repair, improved muscle function and analgesia. The effectiveness of (PBMT) associated with strength training (ST), in the form of strength training, has been investigated in randomized clinical trials, but the results are not well clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ST associated with PBMT on joint pain intensity, range of motion, physical function and muscle strength of the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings in patients diagnosed with KOA. Twenty-eight adult patients of both genders with KOA were randomly distributed in 2 treatment groups, performed 3 times a week, for 6 weeks: ST Group (ST), submitted to stretching, self- mobilization, muscle strengthening and sensorimotor training and ST and STP Group (STP), submitted to the same program as the ST followed by infrared laser irradiation (Therapy XT, DMC, São Carlos, Brasil, l= 808 nm, P= 100mW, 5 points in the medial joint region and 4 points lateral, 3 J/point, 30 s/point). Blinded evaluators assessed pain at movent and no movement and range of motion using Analogic Visual Scale and goniometry, respectively. To assess physical function, the WOMAC questionnaire (Western Ontario and MacMaster University Osteoarthritis Index) and functional tests were used: Sit and stand test; 2 min-walk test. The muscular strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings were measured using an isometric dynamometer. The evaluations were performed in 4 moments: before (EV0), during (EV1: 3 weeks of treatment), at the end (EV2: after 6 weeks of treatment) and 30 days after the end of treatment (follow-up). The STP group showed a significant reduction in pain intensity at rest and at movement in EV1, as well as, significant improvement in relation to stiffness, total WOMAC and knee flexion amplitude, an improvement in physical function and an increase in muscle strength of quadriceps femoris when compared to ST group (p <0.05). In the assessment of the strength of the hamstring muscles, there was no significant difference between the groups at any time evaluated (p> 0.05). ST associated with PBMT had greater effects in reducing joint pain intensity, active knee flexion, physical function and muscle strength, especially in the quadriceps femoris, than strength training alone in patients with KOA.

Numerical and Experimental Study on Thermal Damage Induced by Medium—Infrared Laser

We studied the laser-induced thermal damage on the surface of a single crystal silicon mirror illuminated by a mid-infrared intense laser. We used mid−infrared quasi-continuous wave lasers to irradiate the surface of the single−crystal silicon mirror. The power density of the irradiation process is 1 kW/cm2 to 17 kW/cm2, and the transient temperature field and thermal stress field under different laser fluxes were obtained. The simulation results show that we can calculate the thermal stress and temperature under laser irradiation. In addition, irradiance exceeding the corresponding breaking strength and melting point limit was obtained by the model. We can predict the irradiance that causes cracking and melting. There is little difference between experimental results and simulation results. On this basis, the thermal damage to the surface of the silicon wafer caused by continuous mid−infrared laser irradiation was studied.

Engineering 2D silicene-based core/shell nanomedicine for GSDME-induced synergistic pyroptosis and photonic hyperthermia of melanoma carcinoma

Pyroptosis has been recognized as an effective cancer-therapeutic modality, but how to efficiently trigger pyroptosis at the tumor region and improve the therapeutic efficiency remains highly challenging. In this work, a collaborative nanotherapeutic strategy is implemented in a two-dimensional (2D) silicene-based nanosystem, which simultaneously loads cisplatin (DDP) for inducing synergistic pyroptosis and photonic hyperthermal nanotherapy. 2D silicene nanosheet, as an excellent candidate of photothermal-conversion nanoagent and drug-delivery nanosystem, has been engineered by a mesoporous silica layer to enhance hydrophilicity, deliver drug on-demand, and supplement abundant chemical groups for targeting modification. Under near infrared laser irradiation, the engineered 2D core/shell nanosystem can rapidly generate heat shock and boost the DDP release for activating caspase-3 and cleaving silent GSDME into cytotoxic GSDME-N terminals, aiming to induce the synergistic pyroptosis and hyperthermia ablation for efficiently eliminating the melanoma carcinoma. This distinct photonic hyperthermia synergized with pyroptosis is instructive to the further design of therapeutic regimen against malignant carcinomas.

Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared Light-Driven Singlet Oxygen and CO Gas Cogeneration for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Therapy

Developing photocatalytic medicine for targeted therapy is intriguing but still remains a great challenge. Herein, we developed a nanophotosensitizer (c-PDMS) decorated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC)-targeting DNA aptamer Xq-2D (abbreviated as Xq-2D/c-PDMS) for enhanced photodynamic–gas synergistic therapy of PAC. c-PDMS is constructed by poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b/3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (OSP) integrated into dendritic mesoporous silica (DMS) through a one-step method and further loaded with the CORM-401 prodrug as the CO donor. Our prepared c-PDMS can produce 1O2 and then oxidate the CORM-401 prodrug to release CO gas under near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. After being decorated by Xq-2D aptamer-HS with MAL-PEG-NHS, the resultant Xq-2D/c-PDMS showed good biocompatibility, active targeting, and high cellular uptake ability by PAC cells compared to c-PDMS alone, which led to an efficient killing effect to fight against PAC cancer cells through 1O2 oxidization and CO-mediated mitochondrial respiration inhibition. Furthermore, the excellent antitumor efficiency of Xq-2D/c-PDMS in vivo with minimized side effects was clarified by the analysis of tumor volume and weight, H&E staining of tumors, biochemical indexes, and weight loss after NIR laser irradiation. This study provides an efficient synergistic strategy for PAC therapy.

Laser induced thermotherapy of multiple actinic keratosis

Actinic keratosis (AK) is one of the most common precancerous diseases of the skin, which is characterized by local intraepidermal atypia of keratinocytes that occurs under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, clinically manifested by typical foci of hyperkeratosis in exposed areas of the skin. This is an urgent medical and social problem due to the potential tendency of atypical keratinocytes to malignant transformation, proliferation of keratinocytes and their spread beyond the epidermis with the development of tumor progression [1]. Recently, a number of authors have established important features of the course of this precancerous tumor. First of all, we are talking about an increased risk of malignant transformation of AK into squamous cell carcinoma in the presence of a history of visceral malignancy, as well as the same changes in the lesion and the adjacent clinically unaffected skin in the form of accumulation of genetic and epigenetic mutations that form "cancerization fields" [ 33,34], indicating the need to treat AK, especially multiple foci, using the ablastic rule with the capture of 1-1.5 cm of apparently healthy skin [35,36]. For the treatment of multiple AK foci in a patient with an aggravated oncological history, for the first time, we used, in an independent version, a modern method of treatment - laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT). LITT is a non-invasive, antitumor, immunomodulatory method based on the selective death of atypical keratinocytes in the epidermis by local tissue heating to a temperature of 42.5-44℃ (hyperthermia) caused by infrared laser radiation with a wavelength of 800-1300 nm. The presented case of AK in a patient with breast cancer in history was characterized by a combination of keratotic and erythematous forms of the tumor. At the same time, LITT with an extended exposure zone by 1 cm from the visible boundaries of the lesions was not only clinically effective in terms of immediate and long-term results, but also gave an excellent cosmetic result with a completely satisfactory tolerability of the treatment procedure.

NIR irradiation of human buccal fat pad adipose stem cells and its effect on TRP ion channels.

The effect of near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of buccal fat pad-derived stem cells and the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels was investigated in the current research. After stem cell isolation, a 940nm laser with 0.1W, 3J/cm2 was used in pulsed and continuous mode for irradiation in 3 sessions once every 48h. The cells were cultured in the following groups: non-osteogenic differentiation medium/primary medium (PM) and osteogenic medium (OM) groups with laser-irradiated (L +), without irradiation (L -), laser treated + Capsazepine inhibitor (L + Cap), and laser treated + Skf96365 inhibitor (L + Skf). Alizarin Red staining and RT-PCR were used to assess osteogenic differentiation and evaluate RUNX2, Osterix, and ALP gene expression levels. The pulsed setting showed the best viability results (P < 0.05) and was used for osteogenic differentiation evaluations. The results of Alizarin red staining were not statistically different between the four groups. Osterix and ALP expression increased in the (L +) group. This upregulation abrogated in the presence of Capsazepine, TRPV1 inhibitor (L + Cap); however, no significant effect was observed with Skf96365 (L + Skf).

Photothermal self-healing polyurethane/graphene oxide composites based on diselenide bond

The polymer PCL-MDI-SeSe-PU polyurethane was synthesized by the reaction of PCL, diisocyanate and a diselenide bond-containing chain extender, and a certain amount of diisocyanate-modified graphene oxide NCO-GO was doped into polyurethane to obtain the PCL-MDI-SeSe-PU/NCO-GO composite. Benefitting from the thermal stimulated dynamic properties of diselenide bond and the photothermal effects of NCO-GO, the composite exhibited efficient self-healing behaviors upon exposure to infrared irradiation. As a result, the polymer PCL-MDI-SeSe-PU has good self-healing properties with 95.4% self-healing efficiency at 80 °C for 3 h. After doping modified graphene oxide, the elongation at break of the polymer is greatly improved and reveals the excellent photothermal effect, the surface temperature can reach 148 °C and the maximum self-healing efficiency of 88.3% can be maintained under 60 s of infrared laser irradiation.

Performance Enhancement of Moisture-driven Power Generators by Photofragmentation of Inorganic Salt Particles.

We developed a novel method based on the photofragmentation of inorganic salt particles for improving the moisture-electric energy transformation performance of a moisture-driven power generator (MPG). Infrared laser irradiation on cellulose nanofiber films (CNFs) prepared by a TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation of bleached pulp induced a photothermal conversion of CNFs to porous graphitic carbon films (GCFs) with the catalyst-derived Na2O2 particles. Since the laser beam was focused on the top surface of CNF, the gradients of the photothermal conversion of CNFs and Na2O2 concentration were created along the thickness direction. Subsequent irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light induced the photofragmentation of the micrometer-sized Na2O2 particles into smaller ones, which increased the surface area of the salt particles in contact with the GCFs and consequently increased the number of effective dissociable charge carriers. When the GCF was exposed to moisture, the dissociated sodium ions migrated along the preformed concentration gradient, producing continuous outputs of current and voltage. At 90% relative humidity, the maximum voltage and current density outputs of the MPG increased from 0.91 V and 18.7 μA/cm2 before UV irradiation to 1.10 V and 56.2 μA/cm2 after UV irradiation, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrated that a green light-emitting diode could be turned on without capacitors or rectifiers during normal breathing while wearing a face mask with three GCF arrays attached (each 3 mm × 3 mm × 0.1 mm in size).

Microfluidic synthesis of intelligent nanoclusters of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles with improved tumor microenvironment regulation for dynamic MR imaging-guided tumor photothermo-chemo-chemodynamic therapy

The development of intelligent stimuli-responsive nanomedicines by integrating tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive imaging and drug delivery characteristics remains to be essential for precision medicine. Here, we report a microfluidic synthesis approach to process preformed nanoclusters (NCs) assembled from cystamine-crosslinked ultrasmall iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles to be coated with polydopamine (PDA), loaded with the cisplatin and further camouflaged with cancer cell membranes (CCMs). The created multifunctional NCs (for short, FDPC NCs) with a size of 35.4 nm display good colloidal stability, and possess excellent abilities in tumor microenvironment modulation for intracellular reactive oxygen species production and glutathione (GSH) depletion, in photothermal conversion efficiency, and in anticancer activity, all surpassing the counterpart materials synthesized through traditional wet-chemical method. Due to the CCM camouflage to render the FDPC NCs with homologous tumor targeting, GSH-triggered dissociation of the NCs to form single Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and the GSH- and pH-responsive release of cisplatin and Fe, the developed FDPC NCs can achieve dynamic T2/T1-switchable magnetic resonance imaging and tri-mode photothermo-chemo-chemodynamic therapy of tumors under near infrared laser irradiation. Such developed high-quality FDPC NCs through the microfluidic synthesis may be used for multi-mode precision theranostics of other tumor types and have a great clinical translation potential.

Exceptional-Point Phase Transition in Coupled Magnonic Waveguides

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a source of the phase transition in a variety of physical systems including such as non-Hermitian. It has recently been demonstrated that so-called exceptional points, which are singularities in non-Hermitian systems, separate the areas with symmetrical and asymmetrical eigenstates. Such separation is evidence of phase transitions in non-Hermitian systems taking place at exceptional points. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate that exceptional-point phase transition in a system of two coupled magnonic waveguides coupled by dipole-dipole interaction occurs. Using infrared laser irradiation to control the spin-wave losses in one of the waveguides covered by a semiconductor $\mathrm{GaAs}$ layer, we observe a change in the wave numbers of the propagating spin waves and a change in the distribution of spin-wave intensity between the waveguides. Retrieving the experimental data, we find the spin-wave propagation parameters and, based on these and the use of coupled mode theory, we argue that in the system of magnonic waveguides the exceptional-point phase transition is observed.

Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Materials for Antimicrobial Applications.

The hazards caused by drug-resistant bacteria are rocketing along with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The development of new non-antibiotic antibacterial drugs is urgent. The excellent biocompatibility and diverse multifunctionalities of liquid metal have stimulated the studies of antibacterial application. Several gallium-based antimicrobial agents have been developed based on the mechanism that gallium (a type of liquid metal) ions disorder the normal metabolism of iron ions. Other emerging strategies, such as physical sterilization by directly using LM microparticles to destroy the biofilm of bacteria or thermal destruction via infrared laser irradiation, are gaining increasing attention. Different from traditional antibacterial agents of gallium compounds, the pronounced property of gallium-based liquid metal materials would bring innovation to the antibacterial field. Here, LM-based antimicrobial mechanisms, including iron metabolism disorder, production of reactive oxygen species, thermal injury, and mechanical destruction, are highlighted. Antimicrobial applications of LM-based materials are summarized and divided into five categories, including liquid metal motors, antibacterial fabrics, magnetic field-responsive microparticles, liquid metal films, and liquid metal polymer composites. In addition, future opportunities and challenges towards the development and application of LM-based antimicrobial materials are presented.

Enhanced reliability of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes based on a laser-cured silicone encapsulant layer

The laser-induced heating method was implemented for the homogeneous curing process of silicone encapsulant layer in phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs). Using the curing process with infrared laser irradiation, we demonstrated that pc-WLEDs performed better in the highly accelerated temperature and humidity stress test (85 °C, 85 Rh%) and the sulfur exposure test than devices with convection oven curing. The results from FTIR spectra, dynamic mechanical analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis indicated that the enhanced reliability of the laser-cured device could be attributed to the lower permeation property of gas molecules inside the laser-cured encapsulant layer. In addition, the permeation mechanism in the encapsulant layer of pc-WLED was proposed based on the cross-linking density of a silicone polymer and the total pore volumes in the phosphor-mixed encapsulant layer.

MoO3-x quantum dots-based hydrogel with excellent light-triggered self-healing efficiency and pressure sensitive photoluminescence for accurate remote force measurement

Multi-responsive functional materials with simultaneous photothermal and photoluminescent properties have broad applicational prospects in the field of flexible electronics, devices and remote force detection and monitor. Here, a feasible method is developed by introducing MoO3-x quantum dots (MoO3-x QDs) and blue fluorescent carbon dots (B-CDs) into a strong hydrogel matrix to fabricate a novel composite hydrogel with concurrent photothermal and photoluminescent properties. Besides rendering the peculiar multifunctionalities, we found that the addition of photothermal MoO3-x QDs enhances the mechanical properties and self-healing properties of the composite hydrogel. The temperature of the MoO3-x-CDs-PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) hydrogel can rise by 30 °C within 1 min after 808 nm infrared laser irradiation and the self-healing efficiency could double after 40 s of irradiation. Moreover, there is a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of the composite hydrogel and the external force, which can be used to monitor the force within a certain range. The monitoring range and sensitivity can be further improved by adjusting the infrared laser to for small force detection. Finally, the novel composite hydrogel is successfully applied to fracture monitoring in fracturing and force monitoring at different locations in the fluid model in the field of petroleum engineering.

A study on the mechanical and electrical properties of high-strength CuCrZr alloy fabricated using laser powder bed fusion

Copper-chromium-zirconium (CuCrZr) is tailored using additive manufacturing, particularly laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Due to high thermal conductivities and high reflectivity of infrared laser irradiation, it is still challenging to fabricate copper alloys using the LPBF technique. To address the issue, a short wavelength laser (515 nm) was employed in the LPBF process. In this work, the CuCrZr alloys were built with optimized building parameters such as powder of 485 W, scanning speed of 400 mm/s, and hatching distance of 0.09 mm. The relative density of the samples was found to be 98.07 %. The as-built samples exhibit good mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 447 ± 13 MPa, yield strength (YS) of 400 ± 11 MPa, total failure elongation (EL) of 10 ± 3 %, and Vickers hardness of 130 ± 15 HV). However, the electrical property is poor with 30 ± 1 %IACS. The high tensile stress and low electrical conductivity may attribute to the dislocation cells. Moreover, the dissolved Cr atoms result in poor conductivity. By direct aging treatment at 500 °C for 1 h, excellent mechanical properties (UTS = 566 ± 18 MPa, YS = 487 ± 13 MPa, EL = 15 ± 1 %, Vickers hardness = 161 ± 15 HV) were achieved while maintaining a good conductivity (64 ± 3 % IACS). The main contribution to the increase in YS is attributed to (I) the nanoscale Cr precipitated homogeneously in the copper matrix during the direct aging treatment and (II) the remaining high dislocation density near the dislocation cells. The enhancement of the electrical conductivity is attributed to the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution.

Lipid Membrane-Wrapped Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 for Synergistic Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy to Target Prostate Cancer

Endocrine therapy is often used for advanced prostate cancer. However, with cancer progress, prostate cancer gradually resistant to hormone which lead to serious threatens to life of patients. Herein, a multifunctional synergistic core–shell nanoplatform is reported for improving the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, and reducing the risk of leakage of chemotherapy drugs. Particularly, Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is chosen as inner core to load doxorubicin, and the of liposomes which are embedded with IR780 iodide are used as outer shell, and further modified with target ligand that binds to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptor. The prepared nanocarrier exhibit satisfactory photothermal effect under near infrared laser irradiation, and the temperature increases to 60.8 °C within 6 min. Meanwhile, the elevated temperature accelerates the degradation of lipid shell, releasing ZIF-8 core to acidic microenvironment of tumor, and resulting in the release of doxorubicin. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro studies have shown the ZIF-D@ALIP core–shell nanoparticles can achieve targeted drug delivery, pH and NIR dual stimuli-responsive drug release, as well as chemotherapy and photothermal therapy synergistically on the tumor site. In addition, the problem of premature leakage and changes in the physicochemical properties of anticancer drugs are avoided under the protection of the outer shell structure. Therefore, the core–shell nanostructure proposes a new lipid membrane coating strategy to promote the effective targeting of prostate cancer cells or tissues and provides some insights in clinical treatment for advanced prostate cancer.