Information Messages Research Articles

The role of emotional appeal in water conservation communication: a framework for social media engagement

Amidst growing concerns about water shortages, harnessing the potential of social media emerges as a crucial strategy in attempts to conserve consumption While informative messaging in environmental communication has been widely acknowledged, the role of emotional appeal remains underexplored. This study aims to bridge this gap by proposing a comprehensive framework that integrates emotional appeal, evoked through video creativity and multimedia effects. Focusing on the UK context and informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), the study highlights the complex interplay between cognitive and affective factors in water conservation communication. By applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to a dataset containing 443 responses, the analysis reveals that emotional appeal, when evoked through creativity, not only positively influences individuals’ attitudes but also extends to shape perceived behavioural control. These findings further emphasise the ability of emotional appeal to serve as a complementary aspect that enriches individuals’ motivational framework and influences their inclination towards engaging in the intended behaviour. The study has important implications for improving current marketing efforts and encouraging behavioural shifts among water consumers. By including emotional appeal in social media communication strategies, environmental communicators can build empathy and promote sustainability more effectively. Additionally, this study offers a valuable understanding of the complex nature of water conservation communication, providing practical strategies for enhancing environmental messaging and encouraging positive behaviour changes.

Social Media Use of National Libraries: A Content Analysis Specific to Instagram

Europe’s top five most developed countries and five developing countries were determined based on the Human Development Index. The national libraries of these countries and the Instagram accounts of the National Library of the Presidency of Türkiye were examined, and content analysis was performed. Within the scope of content analysis, general views, post types, interaction data, purpose of sharing, narrative format of the content, personal values in the content, visual content, and message association themes were discussed. This study aims to reveal how national libraries use Instagram posts to interact with their target audiences. Within the scope of the study, Instagram posts shared by national libraries were analyzed through content analysis using the ReCall program. The findings showed that national libraries focus more on rational content and emphasize posts that highlight rootedness and nationalism rather than the goal of communicating with the masses or mobilizing users. It was also found that the posts of national libraries differed according to their Human Development Index values. In countries with a high Human Development Index, information and arts-related messages were more prominent, while in other countries, promotional and event-related content was more dominant.

Problems of occurrence, termination and protection copyright for drafts of official documents

The authors consider the peculiarities of the legal regime of official documents and their drafts. The article proposes the concept of a work as an object of copyright, highlights the features of the work. The authors substantiate the reasons for the lack of legal protection in relation to information messages, works of folk art, official documents, state symbols and signs. Based on the study of legal doctrine and judicial practice, the authors identify the legal regimes of draft official documents, determine the conditions for the lawful use of such projects. The authors conclude that in the case of sending a draft official document to the authorized body, the object is doubled from the moment the project begins to be used. After the adoption of an official document by the authorized body, such a document is excluded from legal protection and is not recognized as an object of copyright. The authors note that the withdrawal of official documents from legal protection does not exclude the possibility of creating protected works on their basis, in particular, composite, derivative works (collections, translations, etc.), for which an independent copyright of compilers, translators and other persons arises.

TransMVAN: Multi-view Aggregation Network with Transformer for Pneumonia Diagnosis.

Automated and accurate classification of pneumonia plays a crucial role in improving the performance of computer-aided diagnosis systems for chest X-ray images. Nevertheless, it is a challenging task due to the difficulty of learning the complex structure information of lung abnormality from chest X-ray images. In this paper, we propose a multi-view aggregation network with Transformer (TransMVAN) for pneumonia classification in chest X-ray images. Specifically, we propose to incorporate the knowledge from glance and focus views to enrich the feature representation of lung abnormality. Moreover, to capture the complex relationships among different lung regions, we propose a bi-directional multi-scale vision Transformer (biMSVT), with which the informative messages between different lung regions are propagated through two directions. In addition, we also propose a gated multi-view aggregation (GMVA) to adaptively select the feature information from glance and focus views for further performance enhancement of pneumonia diagnosis. Our proposed method achieves AUCs of 0.9645 and 0.9550 for pneumonia classification on two different chest X-ray image datasets. In addition, it achieves an AUC of 0.9761 for evaluating positive and negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, our proposed method also attains an AUC of 0.9741 for classifying non-COVID-19 pneumonia, COVID-19 pneumonia, and normal cases. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method over other methods used for comparison in pneumonia diagnosis from chest X-ray images.

Analysis of the structure of the information field of perception of risk factors for non-communicable diseases

When studying the attitude of the population to saving their own health, the question of the connection between abstract knowledge about the harm caused to health by risk factors and a real understanding of the harm caused by these factors to their own health remains poorly understood.The purpose of this work is to analyze the structure of the information field of the population’s attitude to the impact of FR on health.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was the results of a sociological survey in three pilot regions of the Russian Federation – Tula Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Crimea. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions concerning risk factors and their impact on the human body and a block of questions concerning sources of medical information and trust in them. The sample size was 1,718 respondents. The following methods were used: descriptive statistics and the sociological method of questioning. Statistical data processing and reweighing were carried out in the statistical data processing package SPSS22.0. In general, the sampling error in the study does not exceed 1.99% for a confidence level of p<0.1.Results. The study showed that abstract knowledge about the harm of a particular FR in almost all FR is quite high, since it is precisely on them that the efforts of the medical community have been directed in recent decades. Moreover, the highest values are expected to have such factors as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, elevated blood sugar (glucose) and high blood pressure. The level of knowledge of the harm of FR, to which the medical community paid less attention, was expected to be lower. The lowest value is such a FR as a low iodine content in salt, which is consumed in food. An assessment of the relationship of variables such as abstract knowledge of harm about FR and understanding of their harm to one’s body using a two-way T-criterion showed that these variables are completely independent of each other at the significance level p<0.001. This result made us look more closely at the factor structure of the studied field of reality and put forward the assumption of independence of knowledge about the harm caused to the human body by FR and behavioral patterns in relation to FR. As a result of factor analysis of 73 variables, 9 factors were identified: the first and most powerful factor (10.33%) – knowledge of the effect of FR on one’s own health; the second most powerful factor (8.71%) – knowledge of the harm of FR; the third highlighted factor (5.46%) – trust in information sources, which included both trust in the media and trust in TV presenters, popular personalities and trust in the leaders of the region and the city; the fourth highlighted factor (4.67%) is the gender characteristics of the control of the FR by the population; the fifth highlighted factor (4.59%) is the sources of information about the FR; the sixth highlighted factor (4.30%) – age–related features of FR control; the seventh highlighted factor (3.32%) – the use of gadgets to control FR and exercise; the eighth highlighted factor (3.00%) – trust in health workers as a source of information; the ninth highlighted factor (2.59%) – smoking and alcohol consumption.Conclusion. The assessment of the effect of FR on the respondents’ own health in the framework of the conducted study turned out to be significantly lower than abstract knowledge about the harmful effects of these FR. The analysis of the factor structure of the studied field confirmed the validity of such a division of knowledge based on ideas about its various forms – «knowledge in itself» and «knowledge for oneself». The analysis made it possible to formulate a number of conditions for improving the effectiveness of preventive work with the population, including to increase the impact of population prevention: it is necessary to more actively involve the most important sources for the population – medical workers, scientific medical workers and health managers; more fully take into account the gender and age characteristics of audiences in preventive measures; the use of mass media should be preceded by an analysis of the level of trust in them from the target audience; the information messages themselves must first be checked for memorability. Preventive measures should change the personal meanings of specific people in relation to FR and HLS, and not be limited to stating general knowledge about them. The study also allows us to determine the directions for further research of the population’s attitude to the FR and their own health as an interdisciplinary task with the necessary involvement of specialists in medical and general psychology, personality psychology and motivation psychology, as well as sociologists.

Analysis of direct traffic at the transport protocol level in the WiMax-1/2 cluster oriented to offload the smart city's wireless ecosystem.

Rerouting of direct information traffic under the WiMax-1/2 technology control in the case of licensed frequency spectrum overload ensures communication continuity in the smart city's critical infrastructure. The support of such a process in the WiMax-1/2 cluster has its specificity, worthy of analytical formalization. The article presents a mathematical apparatus that allows the average service duration of an information message during its transfer from the terminal to the WiMax-1/2 base stationto be estimated. Unlike analogues, the presented concept adequately describes the investigated process for any number of terminals, taking into account both the queuing effect on their side and the functioning of the cumulative query transmission mechanism inherent in WiMax-1/2 technology. Therefore, the proposed mathematical apparatus, describing the process of servicing an information message, takes into account both the average duration accompanied by potential collisions in the process of sending a request for the allocation of communication resources for its transmission to the base station, and the average duration of the information message's stay in the terminal queue. Experimental studies demonstrated the adequacy of the proposed mathematical apparatus for describing the investigated process. The experimental section also formulates the optimization problem of the investigated process resulting from the management of competitive access parameters.

Navigating identity through social media: Twitter use of Muslim-American nonprofits

Social media enables nonprofits to communicate with stakeholders. Literature has primarily focused on the social media communication of mostly large and secular nonprofit organisations. This study contributes to this literature by looking at nonprofits’ social media activity belonging to religious minorities, specifically the Muslim-American nonprofit sector. Using Lovejoy and Saxton’s (2012) Hierarchy of Engagement framework, we find that Muslim-American nonprofits conventionally use social media for information, community, and action messaging. However, these nonprofits also utilise social media to encourage religious practices and strongly advocate for Muslim rights. We also find that organisational identity affects social media framing as organisational type affects the type of topics these organisations pick to advocate on social media. Moreover, organisational size also affects social media activity, as smaller organisations are more likely to use social media for fundraising purposes.

Criteria for Distinguishing Between Advertising and Organic Integration

Monitoring and supervision of compliance with advertising legislation, including requirements related to the definition of certain information as advertising, is attributed to the powers of the Federal Antimonopoly Service. The provisions of the current legislation on advertising don't apply to information organically integrated into works of culture, science, and art, which is an opportunity to avoid administrative liability in case of detection of signs of violation of advertising legislation. In this case, the key question becomes when information is considered organically integrated and how to distinguish it from advertising. The authors propose and justify criteria for distinguishing advertising and information messages, taking into account the long-term practice of the FAS of Russia and the courts.

Emergency Language Services in the China-Myanmar Borderland: A Case of Multilingual Translation Center at Mengding

Emergency language services (ELS) have gained increasing importance in China. Given the shifting multilingual profile in Yunnan, it is of great significance to investigate how language facilitates the access of linguistic minorities to public health information and other key messages in times of crisis. Based on the fieldwork conducted in January 2024 in Mengding, this study examines how a Translation and Interpreting Association (TIA) offers ELS in China’s border town. The findings indicate that both foreign languages and cross-border ethnic groups’ languages are frequently needed for crisis translation and interpreting. In particular, Myanmar is the most frequently needed foreign language, followed by Thai and English, and two cross-border ethnic groups’ languages (Tai and Kokang) are also needed for crisis communication. The findings also reveal that TIA acts as a language broker for offering non-standard Myanmar translation and interpreting services for various crisis events including the COVID-19 pandemic, mitigating border conflicts, and participating in different types of public health emergencies. Based on the findings, it is suggested that effective emergency translation and interpreting services at China’s border towns should take into consideration the multilingual profiles of border migrants of diverse backgrounds. This study can shed lights on emergency language policy and planning in China’s border provinces.

"They Mostly Preached Abstinence Which Didn't Work": Young Adults' Perception of Sex-Related Messages from Caregivers Prior to Initiation of Sex.

Parental communication about sex is an important aspect of sexual socialization. However, research has primarily focused on sexual communication's presence, frequency, or topics, with less research on the specific messages parents communicate. Further, few studies have differentiated between communication received before and after youth initiated sex. Therefore, in this paper, we coded open-ended survey responses to explore the sex-related messages young adults report receiving from their caregiver(s) before they began engaging in sex. As part of a larger study, 381 U.S. young adults (Mage = 21.0 years, SD = 2.0) completed an online survey and responded to an open-ended question about messages their caregiver(s) communicated before they began engaging in sex. Participants identified as cisgender women (62.2%), cisgender men (12.1%), and gender diverse (25.7%), and were primarily lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, or otherwise non-heterosexual (LGBQ+; 70.6%) young adults. Through thematic analysis, we identified six themes for caregivers' sex-related messages: sex-restrictive, safety and consequences, no, negative, sex-positive, and informational messages. In addition, we found that messages varied by young adults' gender identity and sexual orientation. Our findings suggest that young adults may not receive proper education about healthy sexual relationships and demonstrate the need for interventions with caregivers, as well as sexual health resources for adolescents and young adults, particularly LGBTQ+ youth.

PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN IBU SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MEMBACA MEDIA LEAFLET TENTANG STUNTING PADA IBU ANAK BALITA STUNTING

ABSTRACT Stunting is a condition where a child experiences growth disorders, so that his height does not correspond to his age due to chronic nutritional problems, namely long-lasting malnutrition. Health promotion through the media is one of the efforts made to convey health information messages to mothers of toddlers. One of the most effective ways to convey information about nutrition to mothers of stunted toddlers is by distributing leaflets, which can increase mothers' awareness about nutrition and help them overcome the problem of malnutrition that continues in their stunted children. The aim of this study was to find out how the knowledge of mothers of toddlers suffering from stunting changed before and after receiving the leaflet intervention. Stunting is a condition where a child experiences growth disorders, so that the child's height does not correspond to his age, due to chronic nutritional problems, namely lack of nutritional intake for a long time. Health promotion through the media is one of the efforts made to display health information messages that want to be conveyed to mothers of toddlers, such as leaflets which are the easiest to help with the nutrition education process which is easier to understand in increasing the knowledge of mothers of stunting toddlers. Distributing leaflet media can increase health knowledge and nutritional awareness among mothers to overcome chronic malnutrition in children who are stunted. The aim of this research was to look at changes in the knowledge of mothers of stunting toddlers before and after the leaflet intervention. This research used a "One-group pretest and posttest" design conducted at the Padang City Air Children's Health Center, research time from 25 October 2023 to 15 January 2024. The sample consisted of 27 people. Sampling used the Simple Random Sampling technique via the Random Number Application. Normality test and bivariate analysis used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Paired t-test (p<0.05). The research results showed that the average value of knowledge before reading the media leaflet showed a p-value/sig = 0.000 <α = 0.05. The conclusion of this study was that there was an increase in knowledge before and after the leaflet intervention. Keywords : Stunting, Media Leaflets

Canva Sebagai Media Desain Untuk Promosi Content Creator

The design of content created by influencers and entrepreneurs to enhance performance and attract customer interest includes visual graphic design for logos or content creation. This study aims to determine if Canva as a design tool can be used for promotion by content creators. The principles of Visual Communication Design from Gestalt Theory include form similarity, pattern continuation, proximity, closure of form, and imagery. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The technique for determining informants is purposive sampling from two content creator accounts, namely Anggel Kitty Store and Traccy.id in November 2023. The research findings are firstly, form similarity with the use of color in the design, both using visual messages in the design; secondly, the continuity of patterns in pictures, colors, and fonts in the design and the presence of informative messages; thirdly, the proximity of positions grouped according to type and function in the design, both using the logo layout in the design; fourth, closure of shape using sketch classes and squares in the design; and fifth, the core images used by content creators as visual messages in promotion. The designs created through Canva are used as promotional media for skincare, accessories, and makeup to be uploaded on Instagram, updated in Instagram stories, and to determine the design of posters to be promoted. Using Canva Pro is more appealing because it has more features than the standard Canva, and the designs also look better.

The Patterns of Interpersonal Communication in Building an Anti-Corruption Culture Among Customs Officers’ Families in Medan City

This research aims to analyze the patterns of interpersonal communication in building an anti-corruption culture among customs officers' families in Medan City, analyze the forms of interpersonal communication messages conducted by customs officers' families, and analyze the barriers to interpersonal communication in building an anti-corruption culture among customs officers' families in Medan City. The theory utilized in this research is Joseph A. Devito's theory of interpersonal communication. The research method employed is qualitative research. The number of informants in this study is five customs officers, with criteria including being married, residing in Medan City, and receiving recognition as an Officer of the Month or Officer of the Year. Data collection is conducted through interviews and passive participation observation. The results of this study indicate that the pattern of interpersonal communication in building an anti-corruption culture among customs officers' families in Medan City is through the equality pattern of communication. Interpersonal communication messages used in building an anti-corruption culture among customs officers' families include informative and persuasive messages. The barriers to interpersonal communication in building an anti-corruption culture among customs officers' families include semantic and psychological noise. The married couples in this study agree that interpersonal communication within a family plays a crucial role in building an anti-corruption culture.

CPPA-RORS: A conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme based on revocable one-time ring signature for VANETs

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are a wireless communication system designed to improve driving safety and traffic management, with a focus on enhancing road traffic efficiency and safety. Privacy protection is one of the crucial security challenges for VANETs. However, considering the high mobility of vehicles that frequently transmit delay-intolerant safety and informative messages, two problems exist in some ring signature-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) schemes for VANETs: first, vehicles cannot detect the malicious vehicles when a malicious vehicle signs a message multiple times; and second, the TAs cannot reveal vehicles’ identities when some vehicles engage in illegal activities. To address these concerns, we propose a CPPA scheme based on revocable one-time ring signature (CPPA-RORS) scheme, leveraging the properties of ring signatures. The scheme ensures anonymity of the honest vehicles while providing TAs with the ability to reveal malicious vehicles at any time. We allow one vehicle only can sign one signature on one message, called one-time, to safeguard vehicle privacy with high security. CPPA-RORS scheme provides the formal security model for VANETs, and in particular simultaneously offers message-linkability and mandatory revocability, effectively preventing the double-spending attack (Shrestha et al. 2020) and enabling TAs to revoke the anonymity of any vehicle at any time for further enhancing the security and trustworthiness of the networks. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that CPPA-RORS provides robust security measures and privacy for vehicles in VANETs.

INFORMATION AS A CONSUMER PROTECTION INSTRUMENT ON THE CONSUMER CREDIT MARKET

The aim of the article was to assess the opinions of consumer credit borrowers on the information message provided to them by lenders at the pre-contractual stage. The opinions were presented in the context of the demographic characteristics of the respondents. The research question posed was whether, taking into account demographic characteristics, the assessment of consumer credit borrowers regarding the information message obtained at the pre-contractual stage varied. The research methodology included a questionnaire and Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). For the information analysis, we employed the following non-parametric tests: the chi-square test of independence, the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis H test. No significant differences were observed in all the parameters of the assessment of the information message, which means that the answer to the research question was negative. The findings suggest that even though borrowers may positively assess the compliance with the information obligations by lenders, it does not mean that all credit decisions made were rational and appropriate to their financial situation. Our study focused on the consumer protection and employed non-parametric tests to analyze the consumer credit borrowers’ assessment of the information provided to them by lenders.

Communication Strategy In Achieving Sustainable Environmental Development: Case Study Of The Ban On The Use Of Plastic Bags In Familymart Retail Stores

This study explores the communication strategies utilized by FamilyMart retail stores to enforce the ban on plastics bags, aiming to support sustainable environmental development. As environmental concerns become increasingly significant, retail businesses are at the forefront of promoting sustainable practices. This research investigates how FamilyMart conveys its environmental policies to customers and the broader community to encourage behavior change towards eco-friendly alternatives. Using qualitative methods, the research involves in-depth interviews with store managers, content analysis of promotional materials, and observations of in-store communication efforts. According to the research, FamilyMart has a thorough communication strategy that consists of educational initiatives for customers, conspicuous signage, and active participation on social media. These tactics aim to encourage consumers to use reusable bags by raising awareness of the negative environmental effects of plastic bag usage. Effective communication strategies make use of visual aids, customer incentives for program involvement, and compelling and informative messaging. The report also emphasizes how crucial it is to use consistent messages throughout a range of communication channels and how important employee involvement is to achieve the initiative's goals. The findings show that establishing a sustainable culture and obtaining consumer compliance depend heavily on efficient communication. The report ends with actionable suggestions for retailers looking to put similar environmental policies into place. These suggestions emphasize the importance of using multifaceted, transparent, and engaging communication tactics to support long-term, sustainable change.

Looking beyond the television: Variability in information seeking patterns and mitigation behaviors during Hurricane Ian

Recent research in crisis and risk communication has examined information seeking preferences across varying audiences in the time leading up to natural disasters. Such an understanding is critical for targeting risk information messages such that they will have the maximum intended impact on those seeking to take protective actions. Until recently, these studies have largely ignored the relative importance of mediated sources alongside community groups and other grassroots organizations. To that end, the current study surveyed 1030 Florida residents in the aftermath of 2022's Hurricane Ian in the United States. In addition to replicating past findings concerning media preferences across the demographic spectrum, the current study offers evidence that marginalized and at-risk communities may be especially reliant on community resources for information about protective actions concerning an environmental hazard. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for crisis communication researchers and emergency managers alike.

Deepfake Audio Detection System

Abstract: To ensure the authenticity of audio material, it is important to establish reliable detection tools that can trace the spread and use of deepfake technologies. This study focuses on the methodology of deepfake audio identification via Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) as features with Random Forest as a classifier. By extracting MFCC features from audio clips and using them in a Random Forest model, one can learn unique spectral properties that can help distinguish deepfakes from authentic audio. The Random Forest algorithm, famous for its quality of being able to work well in an ensemble learning paradigm, is utilized to identify patterns that are representative of deepfake manipulation. To ensure the efficiency and reliability of this method, it was tested on a large number of different data sets that included both genuine and fake voice samples. To ensure robustness and generalization, cross-validation techniques are employed, restricting model predictions to the range of 0 to 1 and providing informative error messages for effective diagnosis. Thus, it is an important scientific study helping to develop and strengthen methods for identifying and eliminating threats in the area of artificial sound activity.

Social networking: An analysis of health-related social support messages posted in a Facebook group for Kashmiri women

The support groups within social networking sites such as Facebook have become a popular platform for various kinds of conversation and social support including health, especially among women. The aim of this study was to explore and analyze the types of health-related social support messages posted in a month by Kashmiri women in a Facebook group and the most common health topics for which social support was sought. A total of 302 health-related posts were selected for analysis. The results revealed that of various health-related social support posts in the group, informational support messages were posted more frequently and most requested information was related to pregnancy.

The Theory of Structuring Multifunctional Elements of Complex Systems

This article considers the problem of formalization of elements and binary connections of multifunctional data, which are components of cyber-physical systems. The concept of a free and active element of a complex system and its classes relatively interact with environment resources and consumer information messages. Six attributes of binary relationship elements such as information, material, energy, optics, management, and general have been classified. The table shows four classes of active interaction between elements of complex systems of signs. The concept of an element of a complex system has been defined. The basics of the theory of solving the task of structuring multifunctional data have been outlined, which made it possible to improve the system characteristics of the components of cyberphysical systems due to the reduction of structural, hardware, and time complexity.