Information Symbols Research Articles

Construction of Binary Locally Repairable Codes With Optimal Distance and Code Rate

At present, the research on locally repairable codes (LRCs) in distributed storage systems indicates that, it is relatively easy to construct binary LRCs (BLRCs) with the optimal minimum distance, but under the condition of minimum distance upper bound, it remains difficult to construct the BLRCs with the optimal code rate. In order to solve the problem, BLRCs with optimal minimum distance and optimal code rate are constructed in this letter. The constructed linear codes are BLRCs with locality and availability of information symbols, and each repair group has only one parity symbol. Specifically, the method of block group design is adopted to construct the BLRCs with optimal minimum distance and optimal code rate of locality r=2 or availability t=2. Compared with the BLRCs proposed by W. Song et al, the BLRCs constructed in this letter perform better in code length and code rate. Furthermore, using the method of identity matrix transformation, BLRCs with optimal minimum distance and optimal code rate for availability t=2 are also constructed. Compared with the existing BLRCs based on graph construction, this construction has the same characteristics of minimum distance and code rate.

Robot passes the mirror test by inner speech

The mirror test is a well-known task in Robotics. The existing strategies are based on kinesthetic-visual matching techniques and manipulate perceptual and motion data. The proposed work attempts to demonstrate that it is possible to implement a robust robotic self-recognition method by the inner speech, i.e. the self-dialogue that enables reasoning on symbolic information. The robot self-talks and conceptually reasons on the symbolic forms of signals, and infers if the robot it sees in the mirror is itself or not. The idea is supported by the existing literature in psychology, where the importance of inner speech in self-reflection and self-concept emergence for solving the mirror test was empirically demonstrated.

“Qinding Huangyu Xiyu Tuzhi” as a Source of the Information of Weapons and Military Symbols for the Population of Central Asia in the middle of the 18th century

“Qinding Huangyu Xiyu Tuzhi” as a Source of the Information of Weapons and Military Symbols for the Population of Central Asia in the middle of the 18th century

Time-Domain to Delay-Doppler Domain Conversion of OTFS Signals in Very High Mobility Scenarios

In Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation, information symbols are embedded in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain instead of the time-frequency (TF) domain. In order to ensure compatibility with existing OFDM systems, most prior work on OTFS receivers consider a two-step conversion, where the received time-domain (TD) signal is firstly converted to a time-frequency (TF) signal (using an OFDM demodulator) followed by post-processing of this TF signal into a DD domain signal. In this paper, we show that the spectral efficiency (SE) performance of a two-step conversion based receiver degrades in very high mobility scenarios where the Doppler shift is a significant fraction of the communication bandwidth (e.g., control and non-payload communication (CNPC) in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)). We therefore consider an alternate conversion, where the received TD signal is directly converted to the DD domain. The resulting received DD domain signal is shown to be not the same as that obtained in the two-step conversion considered in prior works. The alternate conversion does not require an OFDM demodulator and is shown to have lower complexity than the two-step conversion. Simulations reveal that even in very high mobility scenarios, the SE and symbol error rate performance of the alternate conversion is invariant of Doppler shift and is significantly better than the performance achieved with two-step conversion (which degrades with increasing Doppler shift).

Recognition of character information for automation of production processes

Purpose of research.Nowadays optical character recognition systems have a high level of dependence on the specific type of marking that is to be recognized, and therefore, the creation of a universal solution is an important and difficult task. The paper considers the issue of creating a system for recognizing symbolic information that can be used at various stages of production to automate processes in control systems, in particular, to analyze the labeling of circuit breakers.Methods.Binarization, filtering, and boundary detection are digital image processing techniques. Line search method, baseline search method, word splitting algorithms, image enhancement methods by segmentation, damaged characters recognition method, an algorithm for increasing the final recognition quality are character recognition methods.Results.The analysis of algorithms used for preprocessing and subsequent recognition of images containing marking of circuit breakers is carried out. The mathematical model of image processing for subsequent recognition has been created. We have described methods used to define marking symbols. Illustrative examples of the operation of the algorithms on which the system is built are given. The obtained solution was tested. The ways of system development are described here, they can lead to improved results, for particular use cases.Conclusion.It is proposed a solution that recognizes symbolic information on the labeling of circuit breakers, which can be the basis for the development and description of systems serving for the automation of production, by transferring information read from the product during the production process. This system, by its example, describes the components of character recognition systems, and for direct use, it needs to be refined in accordance with the technical requirements and the specifics of the conditions in which it will be used.

Taylor-Based Least Square Estimation in MIMO-OFDM Systems for Multimedia Applications

Recent mobile telecommunication systems are using multiple-input multiple-output system (MIMO) collective with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which is well-known as MIMO-OFDM, to offer robustness and higher spectrum efficiency. The most important challenge in this scenario is to achieve an accurate channel estimation to identify the information symbols once the receiver must have the channel state information to balance and process the received signal. Hence, an effective technique is introduced by proposing the Taylor-least square error algorithm (TLSE) to improve the performance of the MIMO-OFDM system in multimedia applications. In addition, the user admission control is done in multi user-MIMO (MU-MIMO) system using the priority-based scheduling based on Dolphin-rider optimization (DRO) algorithm that is integrated within the space–time block code (STBC) STBC-MIMO-OFDM system for efficient power allocation to ensure the energy efficiency. The DRO is the integration of rider optimization algorithm (ROA) and Dolphin Echolocation (DE). Here, channel estimation is done using the novel optimization algorithm, termed TLSE, which is designed by modifying LSE with the Taylor series. Moreover, the fitness parameters, such as power, priority, throughput, and Proportionally Fair, are computed. The experimentation is conducted in different fading environments with three modulation schemes, binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with the performance metrics, namely bit error rate (BER) and throughput. The developed TLSE + DRO (QAM) outperformed other methods with minimal BER of 0.0001 based on channel-2 and maximal throughput of 0.9965 with respect to channel-1.

Teaching Reform of Chinese International Education Major Based on Big Data of Internet of Things

The emergence of Internet of things technology shows the information symbol of the times. It can improve the comfort of people’s life. It can also improve the efficiency of people’s work. There is no doubt that the Internet of things is widely used. The major of Chinese international education is one of the most outstanding liberal arts majors[1]. In order to realize the combination of Arts and science proposed by the state, the reform of Chinese International Education Based on Internet of things technology and big data technology is a hot topic at present. This paper briefly summarizes the development of new information technology. This paper finally determines the main application of big data in Chinese education reform.

A symbolic information approach to characterize response-related differences in cortical activity during a Go/No-Go task

How the brain processes information from external stimuli in order to perceive the world and act on it is one of the greatest questions in neuroscience. To address this question, different time series analyses techniques have been employed to characterize the statistical properties of brain signals during cognitive tasks. Typically, response-specific processes are addressed by comparing the time course of average event-related potentials in different trials type. Here, we analyze monkey local field potentials data during visual pattern discrimination called Go/No-Go task in the light of information theory quantifiers. We show that the Bandt–Pompe symbolization methodology to calculate entropy and complexity of data is a useful tool to distinguish response-related differences between Go and No-Go trials. We propose to use an asymmetry index to statistically validate trial-type differences. Moreover, by using the multi-scale approach and embedding time delays to downsample the data we can estimate the important time scales in which the relevant information has been processed.

Low complexity transmitter precoding for MU MIMO-OTFS

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a recently introduced modulation technique that multiplexes information symbols in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain rather than the time frequency (TF) domain as in traditional multi-carrier modulation such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). It has been shown that OTFS outperforms OFDM in a high Doppler environment. OTFS can be utilized in the multi-user (MU) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) scenario, exactly as OFDM. In this paper, we focus on low complexity transmitter precoding for MU MIMO-OTFS. The computational complexity of traditional transmitter precoding is too high in the MU MIMO-OTFS system. We propose two low complexity precoding algorithms for MU MIMO-OTFS. The proposed low complexity precoding utilizes the specific property of the OTFS channel in the DD domain; meanwhile, the inversion of a large dimensional matrix is achieved by employing the matrix inversion lemma. The simulation results illustrate that our proposed precoding algorithms work well in the MU MIMO-OTFS system, MU MIMO-OTFS outperforms MU MIMO-OFDM and the performance of MU MIMO-OTFS is robust to different user speeds. Meanwhile, compared with block diagonalization (BD) precoding, our proposed precoding significantly reduces the computational complexity with a small performance loss.

Roller bearing fault diagnosis based on LMD and multi-scale symbolic dynamic information entropy

This paper presents a new fault feature extraction method based on the combination of local mean decomposition (LMD) and multi-scale symbolic dynamic information entropy (MSDE). The LMD method decomposes the multi-component signal into a finite number of product functions (PFs) to extract the characteristic information of the original signal. In this paper, the comparison of MSDE and the multi-scale sample entropy shows that the symbolic dynamic information entropy (SDE) has simple calculation and has better stability than sample entropy at multiscale. Entropy values of PFs that combine LMD and MSDE are extracted as the feature sets, which are inputted into the affinity propagation clustering model to identify the fault types and fault degree of roller bearings. This paper also discusses the influence of different filtering algorithms on the noise removal of bearing signal. Application results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis method.

PAPR Minimization of FBMC/OQAM Scheme by Hybrid SLM and PTS Using Artificial: Bee-Colony Phase—Optimization

FBMC/OQAM (Filter-bank-multicarrier) scheme is one of the promising multicarrier modulation techniques of the 5G transmission system. Despite, many advantages of the FBMC/OQAM system compared to the OFDM system (orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing) it experiences some drawbacks also among which high peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR) is one of the prime disadvantages. In the FBMC system, the subcarriers are filtered in groups and because of the overlapping nature of the signal, conventional PAPR minimization techniques cannot work effectively. The efficiency of the FBMC/OQAM scheme also decreases because of high peak power. In this proposed technique, we elucidate the drawback of high PAPR by reducing it for every overlapping information symbol with the lower amalgamation of optimum phase factors by applying the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) process. The proposed hybrid SLM-PTS (Selective level mapping—partial transmit sequence) with ABC phase optimization technique can significantly minimize the PAPR with a lower computational complexity which can be proved from the simulation outcomes. From simulation outcomes, it is revealed that the proposed technique provides improved PAPR performance besides at CCDF PAPR is minimized to 1.8 dB evaluated to the traditional PTS scheme. The proposed technique also gives the least computational complexity as compared to the traditional PTS technique which is 0.66% and 4.24% for “R” patterns of phase factors 50 and 350 correspondingly.

The Indexical Voice: Communication of Personal States and Traits in Humans and Other Primates.

Many studies of primate vocalization have been undertaken to improve our understanding of the evolution of language. Perhaps, for this reason, investigators have focused on calls that were thought to carry symbolic information about the environment. Here I suggest that even if these calls were in fact symbolic, there were independent reasons to question this approach in the first place. I begin by asking what kind of communication system would satisfy a species’ biological needs. For example, where animals benefit from living in large groups, I ask how members would need to communicate to keep their groups from fragmenting. In this context, I discuss the role of social grooming and “close calls,” including lip-smacking and grunting. Parallels exist in human societies, where information is exchanged about all kinds of things, often less about the nominal topic than the communicants themselves. This sort of indexical (or personal) information is vital to group living, which presupposes the ability to tolerate, relate to, and interact constructively with other individuals. Making indexical communication the focus of comparative research encourages consideration of somatic and behavioral cues that facilitate relationships and social benefits, including cooperation and collaboration. There is ample room here for a different and potentially more fruitful approach to communication in humans and other primates, one that focuses on personal appraisals, based on cues originating with individuals, rather than signals excited by environmental events.

Derivation of OTFS Modulation From First Principles

Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation has been recently proposed to be robust to channel induced Doppler shift in high mobility wireless communication systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of the prior works on OTFS have derived it from first principles. In this paper, using the ZAK representation of time-domain (TD) signals, we rigorously derive an orthonormal basis of approximately time and bandwidth limited signals which are also localized in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. We then consider DD domain modulation based on this orthonormal basis, and derive OTFS modulation. We show that irrespective of the amount of Doppler shift, the received DD domain basis signals are localized in a small interval of size roughly equal to the inverse time duration along the Doppler domain and of size roughly equal to the inverse bandwidth along the delay domain (time duration refers to the length of the time-interval where the TD transmit signal has been limited). With sufficiently large time duration and bandwidth, there is little interference between information symbols modulated on different basis signals, which allows for joint DD domain equalization of all information symbols. This explains the inherent robustness of DD domain modulation to channel induced Doppler shift when compared with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

Piano Sheet Music Identification Using Dynamic N-gram Fingerprinting

This article introduces a method for large-scale retrieval of piano sheet music images. We study this problem in two different scenarios: camera-based sheet music identification and MIDI-sheet image retrieval. Our proposed method combines bootleg score features with a novel hashing scheme called dynamic N-gram fingerprinting. This hashing scheme ensures that every fingerprint is discriminative enough to warrant a table lookup, which improves both retrieval accuracy and runtime. On experiments using all piano sheet music images in the IMSLP database, the proposed method achieves >0.8 mean reciprocal rank with sub-second runtimes. As a practical application, we use our system to find matches between the Lakh MIDI dataset and IMSLP, which augments the IMSLP sheet music data with symbolic music information for a subset of pieces. We release our code and Lakh-IMSLP matches to facilitate future study.

Brain networks underlying the processing of sound symbolism related to softness perception

Unlike the assumption of modern linguistics, there is non-arbitrary association between sound and meaning in sound symbolic words. Neuroimaging studies have suggested the unique contribution of the superior temporal sulcus to the processing of sound symbolism. However, because these findings are limited to the mapping between sound symbolism and visually presented objects, the processing of sound symbolic information may also involve the sensory-modality dependent mechanisms. Here, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment to test whether the brain regions engaged in the tactile processing of object properties are also involved in mapping sound symbolic information with tactually perceived object properties. Thirty-two healthy subjects conducted a matching task in which they judged the congruency between softness perceived by touch and softness associated with sound symbolic words. Congruency effect was observed in the orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, medial superior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and cerebellum. This effect in the insula and medial superior frontal gyri was overlapped with softness-related activity that was separately measured in the same subjects in the tactile experiment. These results indicate that the insula and medial superior frontal gyrus play a role in processing sound symbolic information and relating it to the tactile softness information.

RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING MODULAR SYSTEM

Context. Modern general purpose computers are capable of implementing any algorithm, but when solving certain problems in terms of processing speed they cannot compete with specialized computing modules. Specialized devices have high performance, effectively solve the problems of processing arrays, artificial intelligence tasks, and are used as control devices. The use of specialized microprocessor modules that implement the processing of character strings, logical and numerical values, represented as integers and real numbers, makes it possible to increase the speed of performing arithmetic operations by using parallelism in data processing.
 Objective. To develop principles for constructing microprocessor modules for a modular computing system with a reconfigurable structure, an arithmetic-symbolic processor, specialized computing devices, switching systems capable of configuring microprocessors and specialized computing modules into a multi-pipeline structure to increase the speed of performing arithmetic and logical operations, high-speed design algorithms specialized processors-accelerators of symbol processing. To develop algorithms, structural and functional diagrams of specialized mathematical modules that perform arithmetic operations in direct codes on neural-like elements and systems for decentralized control of the operation of blocks.
 Method. An information graph of the computational process of a modular system with a reconstructed structure has been built. Structural and functional diagrams, algorithms that implement the construction of specialized modules for performing arithmetic and logical operations, search operations and functions for replacing occurrences in processed words have been developed. Software has been developed for simulating the operation of an arithmetic-symbolic processor, specialized computing modules, and switching systems.
 Results. A block diagram of a reconfigurable computing modular system has been developed, which consists of compatible functional modules, it is capable of static and dynamic reconfiguration, has a parallel structure for connecting the processor and computing modules through the use of interface channels. The system consists of an arithmetic-symbolic processor, specialized computing modules and switching systems, performs specific tasks of symbolic information processing, arithmetic and logical operations.
 Conclusions. The architecture of reconfigurable computing systems can change dynamically during their operation. It becomes possible to adapt the architecture of a computing system to the structure of the problem being solved, to create problem-oriented computers, the structure of which corresponds to the structure of the problem being solved. As the main computing element in reconfigurable computing systems, not universal microprocessors are used, but programmable logic integrated circuits, which are combined using high-speed interfaces into a single computing field. Reconfigurable multipipeline computing systems based on fields are an effective tool for solving streaming information processing and control problems.

PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA MELALUI NILAI BUDAYA BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN BUDAYA, PARADIGMA BARU SIMBIOSIS MUTUALISME

Culture is very closely related to tourism, because we can see from the definition of culture which is a symbol of the surrounding community around which there is a meaning that includes everything that is the result of creation, human work. Meanwhile tourism is a series of trips undertaken by a person or group of people outside their temporary residence for various purposes (such as vacationing, enjoying the beauty of nature and culture, business, etc. Then we can see that the relationship between cultures has a relationship that is very closely related to tourism and the cultural environment which can provide added value to tourists who come to visit the place.We can also conclude that tourism and culture are activities of exchanging information and cultural symbols in which there are places, traditions, arts, ceremonies, and other identities contained in the place that can be enjoyed by every tourist who comes to visit.Keywords: tourism development, cultural values, cultural environment.

Minimum-storage regenerating codes resistant to special adversary

Introduction: In order to deal with temporarily unavailable nodes in a distributed storage system, engineers apply special classes of erasure correction codes. These codes allow you to repair a temporarily unavailable node by downloading small amounts of data from the remaining ones. However, this creates safety threats in the presence of an eavesdropper. Purpose: Introducing a new mathematical model in which the eavesdropper has a limited access to all nodes in the system, and developing codes resistant to it. Methods: Information-theoretic arguments, and mixing information symbols with random ones by systematic Reed — Solomon code. Results: We introduced a new mathematical model of an eavesdropper with limited access to all nodes in a distributed storage system. Note that the proposed eavesdropper is passive, being unable to change the accessed data. We found parameters for optimal regenerating codes resistant to such adversary, and provided a technique to ensure necessary resistance. As a result, we obtained the construction of optimal minimum storage regenerating codes resistant to such adversary. Practical relevance: The proposed constructions can provide resistance to adversary while ensuring effective data repair.

Algorithm for finding contours for the purpose of processing symbolic information in conditions of small symbol size and chromatic aberrations

In this article, modern principles of processing and working with images have been investigated and applied for specific tasks of character information recognition in conditions of small character size and image fuzzy due to chromatic aberrations, including non-fuzzy C-means, which have proven themselves with high accuracy and speed. processing of initial data. For ease of perception and a more understandable process, we conditionally divide the algorithm into several stages: image improvement and filtering in order to bring data to the optimal information load of the algorithm by suppressing non-maximum points; correction of intensity values according to the level of grayscale pixels; processing of the region of the image with symbolic information by distributing gray tones.

Low Complexity Precoding and Detection in Multi-User Massive MIMO OTFS Downlink

We consider the problem of degradation in performance of multi-carrier multi-user massive MIMO systems when channel induced Doppler spread is high. Recently, Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation has been shown to be robust to channel induced Doppler spread. In OTFS based systems, information symbols are embedded in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain where they are jointly modulated to generate the time-domain transmit signal. Due to the multi-path delay and Doppler shifts, the DD domain information symbols need to be jointly demodulated at the receiver. For multi-carrier based communication (e.g., Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)), massive MIMO systems have been shown to achieve high spectral and energy efficiency with low complexity multi-user precoding in the downlink. Extending the same to OTFS based downlink multi-user massive MIMO systems is challenging due to the requirement for joint demodulation of all information symbols at the user terminal (UT). In this paper, we solve this problem by proposing a novel OTFS based multi-user precoder at the base station (BS) and a corresponding low complexity detector (LCD) at the user terminals (UTs), which allows for separate demodulation of each DD domain information symbol at the UT. The complexity of the proposed precoder increases only linearly with increasing number of BS antennas Q and the number of UTs. We show, through analysis, that as Q increases (with total transmitted power decreased linearly with Q), the proposed low complexity detector achieves a sum spectral efficiency close to that achieved with optimal joint demodulation at each UT. Numerical simulations confirm our analysis and also show that the spectral efficiency and error rate performance of the proposed OTFS based massive MIMO precoder (with the proposed LCD detector at each UT) is significantly more robust to channel induced Doppler spread when compared to OFDM based multi-user massive MIMO systems.