Information Storage Technology Research Articles

Granular Certainty, The Vertical Filing Cabinet, and the Transformation of Files

Abstract This article provides a particular history of the file. It does not focus on the content of specific files or the development of filing systems. Instead it moves files from a history of administrative writing to a history of information storage technologies. My argument is that if we get ›under the hood‹ of the filing cabinet and manila folder to understand how they work we learn how information was conceptualized and understood such that it could contribute to the goals of efficiency critical to corporate capitalism. It is the contention of this article that information is a historically specific concept and the early 20th century emergence of the tabbed manila folder and the vertical filing cabinet offer insights into the development of a distinctly modern conception of information as impersonal, discrete, and therefore easily extracted. I offer the concept of ›granular certainty‹ to show how information was conceptualize, practically constituted and organized. This emphasizes the overlap between the importance of efficiency’s embrace of standardization and the specific and a conception of information as something specific. The tabbed manila folder and the vertical filing cabinet emerged from this overlap between efficiency and information.

Intrinsic Dipole Coupling in 2D van der Waals Ferroelectrics for Gate‐Controlled Switchable Rectifier

AbstractMiniaturization of device elements, such as ferroelectric diodes, depends on the downscaling of ferroelectric film, which is also crucial for developing high‐density information storage technologies of ferroelectric random access memories (FeRAMs). Recently emerged ferroelectric two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdWs) layered materials bring an additional opportunity to further increase the density of FeRAMs. A lateral, switchable rectifier is designed and fabricated based on atomically thin 2D α‐In2Se3 ferroelectric diodes, thus breaking the thickness limitation of conventional ferroelectric films and achieving an unprecedented level of miniaturization. This is realized through the interrelated coupling between out‐of‐plane and in‐plane dipoles at room temperature; that is, horizontal polarization reversal can be effectively controlled through a vertical electric field. Being further explored as a switchable rectifier, the obtained maximum value of rectification ratio for the α‐In2Se3 based ferroelectric diode can reach up to 2.5 × 103. These results indicate that 2D ferroelectric semiconductors can offer a pathway to develop next‐generation multifunctional electronics.

DIGITAL SERVICE INNOVATION USING ICCT UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGIES

Information Communication and Computation Technology (ICCT) is considered as a general purpose universal technology due to its ability to address many problems in the human society related to basic needs, advanced wants, and dreamy desires. In this chapter, initially, various quality attributes of Digital Service are determined. The important underlying technologies of ICCT which are emerging as technologies of 21st century including Artificial intelligence & robotics, Big data & business analytics, Blockchain technology, Cloud computing & storage, Digital marketing, 3D printing, Internet of Things, Online ubiquitous education, Optical computing, Information storage technology, and Virtual & Augmented Reality are considered for possible innovations in service industries. The applications of ICCT underlying technologies in some of the prominent service industry sectors are identified and the management of ICCT underlying technology usage strategies for digital service innovation in tertiary sector industries are predicted and analysed.

Management of ICCT underlying Technologies used for Digital Service Innovation

Information Communication and Computation Technology (ICCT) also called as Digital Technology and is considered as a general purpose universal technology due to its ability to solve many problems in the human society related to basic needs, advanced wants, and dreamy desires. In this chapter, initially, we have identified various quality attributes of Digital Service and some prominent published works in digital service innovation. The important underlying technologies of ICCT which are emerging as technologies of 21st century including Artificial intelligence & robotics, Big data & business analytics, Cloud computing & storage, Digital marketing, 3D printing, Internet of Things, Online ubiquitous education, Quantum computing, Information storage technology, and Virtual & Augmented Reality are considered for possible innovations in such industries. The applications of ICCT underlying technologies in some of the prominent service industry sectors are identified and the management of ICCT underlying technology usage strategies for digital service innovation in tertiary sector industries are analysed.

Laser-Induced Magnetization Dynamics in Interlayer-Coupled [Ni/Co]4/Ru/[Co/Ni]3 Perpendicular Magnetic Films for Information Storage

Rapid manipulation of magnetization orientation by a femtosecond pulse laser is an efficient way for advanced information storage technology. We report a comprehensive study of the interlayer coupl...

Memristors with organic‐inorganic halide perovskites

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic halide perovskites (OHPs) have been intensively studied for application in solar cells with high conversion efficiency exceeding 22%. The unique electrical and optical properties of OHPs have led to their use in optoelectronic device applications beyond photovoltaics, such as light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, transistors. New information storage technologies and computing architectures are being researched extensively with the aim of addressing the growing challenge of approaching end of Moore's law and von Neumann bottleneck. As the fourth basic circuit element, memristor is a leading candidate with powerful capabilities in information storage and neuromorphic computing applications. Recently, OHPs have received growing attention as promising materials for memristors. In particular, their mixed ionic‐electronic conduction ability paired with light sensitivity provide OHPs with the opportunity to display novel functions such as optical‐erase memory, optogenetics‐inspired synaptic functions, and light‐accelerated learning capability. This review covers recent advances in OHP‐based memristors development including memristive mechanism and analytical models, universal memristive characteristics for memory and neuromorphic computing applications, and novel multi‐functionalization. Challenges and future prospects of OHP‐based memristors are also discussed.

Ferroelectric phase transition induced relaxation of electroresistance in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/BaTiO3 heterostructures

A phase transition is usually accompanied by an enormous change in physical properties, which shows great potential in future information storage technologies if it can be tuned artificially. In this work, the metastable state La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 was incorporated into the ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) to achieve metastable state multiferroic heterostructures. A temperature dependent volatile electroresistance (ER) was discovered. The duration of the volatile ER first increases with the increasing temperature and then decreases. This phenomenon is related to the ferroelectric phase transition of the BTO substrate. Our results show that the mediation of metastable states is a promising way to achieve a large modulation of physical properties in artificial structures.

Two-dimensional skyrmion bags in liquid crystals and ferromagnets

Reconfigurable, ordered matter offers great potential for future low-power computer memory by storing information in energetically stable configurations. Among these, skyrmions—which are topologically protected, robust excitations that have been demonstrated in chiral magnets1–4 and in liquid crystals5–7—are driving much excitement about potential spintronic applications8. These information-encoding structures topologically resemble field configurations in many other branches of physics and have a rich history9, although chiral condensed-matter systems so far have yielded realizations only of elementary full and fractional skyrmions. Here we describe stable, high-degree multi-skyrmion configurations where an arbitrary number of antiskyrmions are contained within a larger skyrmion. We call these structures skyrmion bags. We demonstrate them experimentally and numerically in liquid crystals and numerically in micromagnetic simulations either without or with magnetostatic effects. We find that skyrmion bags act like single skyrmions in pairwise interaction and under the influence of current in magnetic materials, and are thus an exciting proposition for topological magnetic storage and logic devices. Structures containing multiple skyrmions inside a larger skyrmion—called skyrmion bags—are experimentally created in liquid crystals and theoretically predicted in magnetic materials. These may have applications in information storage technology.

Intrinsic Negative Magnetoresistance in Van Der Waals FeNbTe2 Single Crystals.

Magnetoresistance, the dependence of resistivity on the applied magnetic field, provides the opportunity to manipulate and utilize the electronic spin degree of freedom, which is not only a long-term frontier field of solid-state physics but also the cornerstone of information storage technology. However, the negative magnetoresistance (nMR) is a relatively rare case of magnetoresistance in which the microscopic origin is still elusive and for which it is difficult to define a general interpretation. Herein, an experimental case of an intrinsic unsaturated nMR is demonstrated in van der Waals FeNbTe2 single crystal. The clear-cut evidence in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), the electronic transport measurement, and DC/AC magnetic susceptibility confirms that the intrinsic unsaturated nMR is derived from the comprehensive effect of Anderson localization and a spin glass state. Taking into consideration that intrinsic unsaturated nMR has so far been rarely reported, especially in van der Waals structures, it is anticipated that this work will not only lead to a deep understanding of the inherent microcosmic mechanism but will also serve as a guide to broaden the research of spintronics and information storage based on magnetoresistance.

No‐Interference Reading for Optical Information Storage and Ultra‐Multiple Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications by Designing Targeted Recombination in Charge Carrier Trapping Phosphors

AbstractCharge carrier trapping phosphors are one of the most fascinating candidates for next‐generation optical information storage technology and advanced anti‐counterfeiting applications. However, there is a challenge in that shallow traps can result in interference with the real‐time reading of optical information, and the anti‐counterfeiting level also needs to be further enhanced. Here, a novel quasi‐layer‐structured Ca3Ga4O9:Bi3+ phosphor is introduced to address this challenge, based on the targeted recombination phenomenon. This material shows turning electron‐trapping ability and obvious differences in photoluminescence, long persistent luminescence, and photo‐stimulated luminescence processes, which are beneficial in achieving information reading without interference and provide multiple anti‐counterfeiting. As a proof of concept, information reading without interference is experimentally achieved by choosing an appropriate filter and excitation wavelength, and multiple anti‐counterfeiting applications are demonstrated using a simple seal‐photocopy method. The results indicate that the targeted recombination strategy is very effective for achieving multifunctional applications of charge carrier trapping phosphors.

Multilevel information storage using magnetoelastic layer stacks

The use of voltages to control magnetisation via the inverse magnetostriction effect in piezoelectric/ferromagnet heterostructures holds promise for ultra-low energy information storage technologies. Epitaxial galfenol, an alloy of iron and gallium, has been shown to be a highly suitable material for such devices because it possesses biaxial anisotropy and large magnetostriction. Here we experimentally investigate the properties of galfenol/spacer/galfenol structures in which the compositions of the galfenol layers are varied in order to produce different strengths of the magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction constants. Based upon these layers, we propose and simulate the operation of an information storage device that can operate as an energy efficient multilevel memory cell.

Resolving Anomalies in the Critical Exponents of FePt Using Finite-Size Scaling in Magnetic Fields

FePt is the primary material being considered for the development of information storage technologies based on heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). A practical realization of HAMR requires understanding the high-temperature phase transition behavior of FePt, including critical exponents and Curie temperature distributions as the fundamental HAMR media design characteristics. The studies so far found a significant degree of variability in the values of critical exponents of FePt and remain controversial. Here we show that at the heart of this variability is the phase transition crossover phenomenon induced by two-ion anisotropy of FePt. Through Monte-Carlo simulations based on a realistic FePt effective Hamiltonian we demonstrate that in order to identify the critical exponents accurately, it is necessary to base the analysis on field-dependent magnetization data. We have developed a two-variable finite size scaling method that accounts for the field effect. Through the use of this method, we show unambiguously that true critical exponents of FePt are fully consistent with the three-dimensional Heisenberg universality class.

Electrical Detection and Magnetic Imaging of Stabilized Magnetic Skyrmions in Fe1−xCoxGe (x < 0.1) Microplates

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that are being investigated for their potential use in next generation magnetic storage devices. Here, magnetic skyrmions and other magnetic phases in Fe1−xCoxGe (x < 0.1) microplates (MPLs) newly synthesized via chemical vapor deposition are studied using both magnetic imaging and transport measurements. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy reveals a stabilized magnetic skyrmion phase near room temperature (≈280 K) and a quenched metastable skyrmion lattice via field cooling. Magnetoresistance (MR) measurements in three different configurations reveal a unique anomalous MR signal at temperatures below 200 K and two distinct field dependent magnetic transitions. The topological Hall effect (THE), known as the electronic signature of magnetic skyrmion phase, is detected for the first time in a Fe1−xCoxGe nanostructure, with a large and positive peak THE resistivity of ≈32 nΩ cm at 260 K. This large magnitude is attributed to both nanostructuring and decreased carrier concentrations due to Co alloying of the Fe1−xCoxGe MPL. A consistent magnetic phase diagram summarized from both the magnetic imaging and transport measurements shows that the magnetic skyrmions are stabilized in Fe1−xCoxGe MPLs compared to bulk materials. This study lays the foundation for future skyrmion‐based nanodevices in information storage technologies.

Research on application of multimedia image processing technology based on wavelet transform

With the development of information technology, multimedia has become a common information storage technology. The original information query technology has been difficult to adapt to the development of this new technology, so in order to be able to retrieve useful information in a large amount of multimedia information which has become a hot topic in the development of search technology, this paper takes the image in the multimedia information storage technology as the research object, uses the wavelet transform to divide the picture into the advantages of the low-frequency and high-frequency characteristics, and establishes the multimedia processing technology model based on the wavelet transform. The simulation results of face, vehicle, building, and landscape images show that different wavelet basis functions and different layers of images are decomposed, and the retrieval results and retrieval speed of images are different, When taking four layers of wavelet decomposition, the cubic b-spline wavelet as the wavelet basis function makes the classification result optimal, and the accuracy rate is 89.08%.

The dielectric, magnetic and microwave absorption properties of Cu-substituted Mg-Ni spinel ferrite-MWCNT nanocomposites

The nanocomposites of Cu-substituted Mg-Ni spinel ferrite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are synthesized, and the structural, magnetic, dielectric and microwave absorption properties are investigated. The formation of an almost single-phase cubic spinel structure is confirmed by the XRD patterns. The presence of the functional groups on the MWCNT surfaces and the formation of the nanocomposites are approved by the FTIR spectroscopy. MWCNTs are well coated with the ferrite nanoparticles according to the FESEM images. The results of VSM analysis show that all of the samples are soft magnetic materials with potential applications in magnetic field sensing and information storage technologies. The effects of substituting Cu atoms and adding MWCNTs on the dielectric and microwave absorption properties of the samples are also investigated using the vector network analyzer. The addition of MWCNTs considerably increases the permittivity, impedance matching and microwave absorption of the materials. The origin of the changes is considered, and the nanocomposites with high concentration of Cu+2 are suggested as the high efficiency lightweight absorbers.

Configurational resonances in absorption of metal nanoparticles seeded onto a semiconductor surface

Abstract In the present study, the optical absorption of a semiconductor surface covered with metallic spheroidal nanoparticles is considered theoretically. The theoretical approach used for calculation of light absorption in such structures is based on the concept of effective susceptibility and made in the frame of Green’s functions theory. The effective susceptibility is taken in an analytical form. The absorption spectra were calculated for coverages with nanoparticles having different shapes and surface densities at different angles of external light incidence. The obtained results predict strong configurational resonances in the spectral range where the absorption is maximum, i.e. resonant enhancement of absorption by nanoparticles of certain shape and surface density. The developed technique of calculation can be further applied to calculation of various effects caused by the excitation of surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles under applied external fields yielding a wide range of applications of such structures in many fields, such as biomedicine, solar energy, environment protection, and information storage technology.

Digital registry of professional competences of the population drawing on distributed registries and smart contracts technologies

At a time when the digital economy is emerging, the preservation and multiplication of intellectual capital, which is currently a key factor in social development, are paramount. The national economy’s orientation toward the use of modern achievements of the digital industry will contribute to a faster transition to the global information society. Digitalization of education will make it possible to use the latest scientific achievements for the development of other areas of life in society. This study presents a model that applies distributed registry technologies based on blockchains and smart contracts for the reliable storage and efficient use of date relating to the population’s professional competencies. This model aims to create a unified information environment for interaction between all the actors of the economic system. The authors developed the model for registering professional competencies of the population and their developmental paths based on modern digital technologies. We substantiate the efficiency and security assured by blockchain technology for information storage and transmission. Educational institutions of all levels, governmental authorities controlling education, and people taking part in the educational process are the basic actors of the system presented. The proposed model presents the educational level and professional skills of each registered person as an education index (EI), which keeps track of all educational achievements and professional competencies of the participant over their lifetime. When calculating the EI, the authors also propose to consider ratings of the educational institutions responsible for the participant’s professional skills. The implementation of the EI will significantly simplify the process of employing graduates from various educational institutions, as well as the college admissions process. In addition, analytic tools could be used to create ratings of colleges, school departments, and even specific teachers. The registry of professional competencies we developed is directed at the processing and storage of large volumes of data (Big Data). In the future, this will allow us to open access to the registry to employers, pension insurance funds, and other state authorities that require complete and reliable personal data.This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 18-410-320002\18 “The concept of innovative management of the development of regional economy in the digitalization era: a project-based approach”

Metastable magnetic bubble in [Co/Pd]4/Py multilayers

Magnetic bubbles are topological spin textures that offer interesting physics and great promise for next-generation information storage technologies. The main obstacles so far are that magnetic bubbles are generated with no field stimuli in new material systems at room temperature. Here, we report the observation of individual magnetic bubbles and its high-frequency measurement at room temperature in an exchange-coupled [Co/Pd]4/Py multilayers. We demonstrate that the emergence of magnetic bubbles at remanence can be tuned by the in-plane tilted magnetic field (roughly 3°) along the film plane at room temperature. High frequency results indicate that the presence of magnetic bubbles leads to broadening of the magnetic permeability spectrum lines (due to the non-uniformity of the magnetic moments). Our findings may help to facilitate the application of bubble-based devices at room temperature in exchange-coupled magnetic multilayers.

Human Memory and the Limits of Technology in Education

AbstractHuman memory systems perform various functions beyond simple storage and retrieval of information. They link together information about events, build abstractions, and perform memory updating. In contrast, typical information storage and access technologies, such as note‐taking applications and Wikipedia, tend to store information verbatim. In this article, Katherine Puddifoot and Cian O'Donnell use results from cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and machine learning to argue that the increased dependence on such technologies in education may come at a price: the missed opportunity for memory systems of student learners to form abstractions and insights from newly learned information. This conclusion has important implications for how technologies should be adopted in education.

Phase-Change Magnetic Memory: Rewritable Ferromagnetism by Laser Quenching of Chemical Disorder in Fe60Al40 Alloy

In magnetic data storage, information can be corrupted by external magnetic fields or thermal fluctuations. A possible solution to both problems is reversibly altering the $m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e$, rather than direction, of a bit's magnetization. The authors propose such an alternative memory, based on chemical-order--disorder transformations in thin-film Fe-Al alloys where cycling (writing--erasing--writing) of disorder-induced ferromagnetism is found to occur under short-pulse heat treatments, e.g. laser irradiation, employed in information recording and storage technologies.