Informative Source Research Articles

Macaques preferentially attend to intermediately surprising information.

Normative learning theories dictate that we should preferentially attend to informative sources, but only up to the point that our limited learning systems can process their content. Humans, including infants, show this predicted strategic deployment of attention. Here, we demonstrate that rhesus monkeys, much like humans, attend to events of moderate surprisingness over both more and less surprising events. They do this in the absence of any specific goal or contingent reward, indicating that the behavioural pattern is spontaneous. We suggest this U-shaped attentional preference represents an evolutionarily preserved strategy for guiding intelligent organisms toward material that is maximally useful for learning.

The Influence of Loosepart Media in Enhancing Early Childhood Creativity

It is undeniable that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on society, especially in early childhood. Government policies to study from home increase stress both among parents and students. Teachers must design fun learning for children to attract children's interest in learning from home. This study provides an overview of the influence of loose part materials on children's creativity to provide an overview to educators and parents to utilize loose part materials in the surrounding environment. This research is qualitative descriptive research with the subjects in this study were children aged 4-7 years. Meanwhile, the sources of information or informants can be teachers and parents. Data collection in the field using observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis technique used is a data reduction technique to focus attention and select the data needed in research, presentation of data, and withdrawal of conclusions. The results show that loose part media has a tremendous influence on the development of children's creativity. Children can explore and experiment with loose parts to form works according to their imagination.

EFFECTIVE VILLAGE OWNED ENTERPRISES (BUMDes) HR DEVELOPMENT IN TENILO VILLAGE

This research aims 1) to find out the empirical model of human resource development of BUMDes Management in Tenilo Village. and 2) to find out the obstacles in the development of BUMDes Management HUMAN RESOURCES in Tenilo Village at this time.The method in this research is to use a qualitative approach by investigating cases and phenomena from informant sources that explain why and how the problems that occur in BUMDesKarya Bersama. Using data analysis consisting of 3, namely data collection, data reduction, presentation of data, and withdrawal of conclusions or verification.
 The results showed that 1) The application of empirical model benchmarking in BUMDes human resources joint work in Tenilo Village in developing BUMDes was considered not to be effective. It is indicated that so far, the manager or HR owned does not have mature abilities, often the change or even the implementation of BUMDes development training for HR is only limited to 1-day training even most material provision, where the rest is only done in the form of business development assistance. 2) The biggest obstacles experienced in the development of BUMDesKarya Bersama human resources in Tenilo Village are why there are BUMDes institutions that are limited in funds and constrained by existing policy regulations, the willingness of HUMAN RESOURCES to survive in managing BUMDes, and due to the ability of HUMAN RESOURCES that are only widely equipped with material provision.

Документальне зібрання Науково-дослідного інституту астрономії Харківського національного університету імені В. Н. Каразіна як джерельна база з історії розвитку астрономічної науки

The article is devoted to the topic of representative analysis of archival documents of the history of astronomical science from the period the end of the XIX – the fi rst half of XX century. The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of a complex historical and scientifi c research of the information potential and the content of the retro-informative materials of the documentary collection of the Institute of Astronomy of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University during a certain period. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historicism, objectivity and a systematic approach to the study of the problem. General scientifi c (historical, comparative, retrospective) and special methods (historical-biographical, historical-systemic, problem-chronological and methods of source analysis) have been used to solve specifi c problems which allowed the complex investigation and analysis of new factual material. Scientifi c novelty. For the fi rst time the information on the composition and content of the documentary collection of the of the Institute of Astronomy of the end of the XIX – the fi rst half of XX century was analyzed; its information potential and order of access to archival primary sources are characterized. It is revealed that the documentary collection of the Institute of Astronomy is a valuable and suffi ciently informative source for reproducing the facts of the history of astronomy in Kharkiv at a certain period, which will signifi cantly supplement the source base of research on the history of domestic and European astronomy. Prospects for further research. Since the vast majority of documents from the reviewed massif have not actually been put into scientifi c circulation, it is planned to continue work on scientifi c and technical development of documentary collection and research of archival information, in particular, in preparation of the advanced scientifi c and research work on the history of astronomy in Kharkiv at the end of XIX – the fi rst half of XX century.

An investigation on the olfactory capabilities of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).

The extraordinary olfactory capabilities in detection and rescue dogs are well-known. However, the olfactory performance varies by breed and search environment (Jezierski etal. in Forensic Sci Int 237:112-118, 2014), as well as by the quantity of training (Horowitz etal. in Learn Motivation 44(4):207-217, 2013). While detection of an olfactory cue inherently demands a judgment regarding the presence or absence of a cue at a given location, olfactory discrimination requires an assessment of quantity, a task demanding more attention and, hence, decreasing reliability as an informational source (Horowitz etal. 2013). This study aims at gaining more clarity on detection and discrimination of olfactory cues in untrained dogs and in a variety of dog breeds. Using a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) paradigm, we assessed olfactory detection scores by presenting a varied quantity of food reward under one or the other hidden cup, and discrimination scores by presenting two varied quantities of food reward under both hidden cups. We found relatively reliable detection performances across all breeds and limited discrimination abilities, modulated by breed. We discuss our findings in relation to the cognitive demands imposed by the tasks and the cephalic index of the dog breeds.

#CosmeticsTwitter: Predicting Public Interest in Nonsurgical Cosmetic Procedures Using Twitter Data.

The utilization of social media in plastic surgery is expanding. The Twitter Academic Research Product Tract (TARPT) database provides plastic surgeons the opportunity to monitor public interest in plastic surgery procedures. Previously, TARPT was shown to be effective in tracking public interest in surgical cosmetic facial and body procedures. The authors sought to determine the ability of the TARPT tool to track and predict public interest in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures and to examine temporal public interest trends in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures. The authors employed the TARPT tool to calculate the total number of tweets containing keywords related to 15 nonsurgical cosmetic procedures from 2010 to 2020. Annual case volumes were obtained for each of the 15 procedures from annual reports provided by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Univariate linear regression was employed to compare tweet volumes and procedure volumes, with P < 0.05 as a threshold for significance. Univariate linear regression revealed significant positive correlations between tweet volumes and American Society of Plastic Surgeons procedure volumes for 10 search terms representing 6 nonsurgical cosmetic procedures: "xeomin," "microdermabrasion," "facial filler," "fat filler," "fat injections," "fat transfer," "hyaluronic acid filler," "hyaluronic acid injection," "HA filler," and "PRP filler." Thirty-two search terms did not demonstrate a significant relationship. The TARPT tool is an informative data source for plastic surgeons with the potential to guide marketing and advertising strategies, and monitor public interest in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, helping surgeons respond to patients' evolving needs.

Analysis of ZIS Fund Management in the Madrasa Teacher Care Program for Minority Regions of North Sumatra in Baznas, North Sumatra Province

This study aims to find out and analyze how ZIS funds are managed in the Madrasah Teacher Care Program in Minority Areas of North Sumatra at BAZNAS, North Sumatra Province. This study uses a qualitative method where this research method is to understand social or human events by creating a comprehensive and complex picture that can be presented in words, reporting detailed data from informant sources. The result of this study is to find out how to manage ZIS funds in the minority madrasa teacher care program in North Sumatra Province. With the aim that if this program is successful, it will become a strong and good foundation for us to help the people.

A school-based study of sexual health knowledge among sexually active adolescent girls in Calabar, Nigeria

Background: There is high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy among young people. In many developing countries including Nigeria, there is paucity of literature on sexual health knowledge among sexually active adolescent girls, as key vulnerable population. This study aimed at assessing level of sexual health knowledge among adolescent secondary school girls in Calabar, Nigeria.Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used, with recruitment of randomly selected sexually active adolescent girls in three public secondary schools in Calabar. Sexual health knowledge was assessed using structured, pre-tested questionnaire, knowledge scores were converted to percentage, and 50% or greater was considered satisfactory. Factors associated with level of knowledge was assessed using Chi-square test, with p value set at 0.05.Results: One hundred and eight (180) respondents were studied, with mean age of 17.4±1.2 years (14-19 years). Mean age at sexual debut was 15.0±2.1 years, ranging from 11 to 19 years. Mean knowledge score (out of maximum of 62) was 25.4±4.2 (9-49), corresponding to 41.0±7.8% (14.5 to 79.0%). Sixty respondents (33.3%) had satisfactory level of knowledge on sexual health. Higher level of paternal and maternal education, married parental status, were associated with satisfactory level of knowledge.Conclusions: There is suboptimal level of sexual health knowledge among sexually active school girls in Calabar. There is urgent need to provide sexual health educational interventions. The school-based family life HIV education (FLHE) program, should be revived, to mitigate sourcing of false sexual health information from peers.

Сurrent state of clinical significance of early kidney injury markers

Study objective was to reflect the current state of the early kidney damage markers clinical significance in patients with urolithiasis. Authors performed a literature review of articles (original studies and reviews) published between 2018 and February 2022 on the study of pro‑inflammatory, profibrotic and angiogenic factors in urolithiasis. Bibliographic, informational and semantic source search methods in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases were used. Analysis of a legalistic and systematic sources was carried out.Proteinuria, serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate are now accepted as the main diagnostic markers of renal lesions. These markers already allow to reveal lesions at the stage of chronic kidney disease, when the lesion process is practically irreversible. Today it is most relevant to conduct the search for biomarkers of acute and chronic renal lesions at patients with urolithiasis to detect pathological changes in the kidneys and to determine their nature at an early stage of diagnosis.Improved diagnostic techniques destined to provide a detailed picture of the development of the pathological process in patients with urolithiasis will make it possible to prevent renal failure development at an early stage in this category of patients.

Wound dressing adherence: a review.

Wound dressing adherence is an important problem that is frequently encountered in wound care, and is associated with both clinical and economic burdens. However, only a few review articles have focused on this issue. The objective of this review was to present a comprehensive discussion of wound dressing adherence, including the mechanism of dressing adherence, adverse consequences (clinical burdens and economic burdens), factors affecting adherence (dressing-, patient- and wound-related factors, and factors related to the wound care procedure), tests to assess dressing adherence (in vitro assay, in vivo assay and clinical trials), and reduction of wound adherence (modification of dressing adherence and special care in particular patients). Accordingly, this review article emphasises an awareness of dressing adherence, and is intended to be an informative source for the development of new dressings and for wound management.

Searching for a solution – is YouTube a reputable source for men investigating treatment for erectile dysfunction?

ABSTRACT Introduction The Internet is the most readily accessible medium for patients to access information. YouTube is the second most popular website in the world behind Google and has a growing influence in the distribution of health information1. It is a readily available, free medium for patients to search health conditions, however, there is no governance in the quality of the content provided. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the content and quality of information available to patients on YouTube when searching ‘erectile dysfunction’. Methods Two independent reviewers, both medical practitioners, searched ‘erectile dysfunction’ on YouTube in April 2021 and evaluated the first 50 videos listed, reflecting the content patients are most likely to view. Information related to views, video producer, quality of content, understandability and actionability for viewers was assessed. The videos were assessed using the validated Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT)2 and the DISCERN criteria3. PEMAT is a tool which assesses the understandability and actionability of audio-visual content. Thirteen areas of understandability and four areas of actionability are graded to generate a total score. The DISCERN criteria assesses the quality of consumer health information, focusing on the sourcing, bias and reliability of information provided. The content is assessed across 16 areas, rated overall from a score of 1 (serious or extensive shortcomings) to 5 (minimal bias). R software was used for statistical analysis, including, univariate analysis of PEMAT and DISCERN scores. Results The first 50 videos listed by YouTube when searching ‘erectile dysfunction’ were produced between December 2011 to February 2021. 90% of content provided medical information, though only 56% had been produced by recognised medical institutions. Viewers seemed engaged with reported content with median likes of 209 per video compared to median of 18 dislikes per video. Viewer engagement seemed to be encouraged with 82% of videos allowing viewers to write comments which video producers could respond to. There was a significant difference in the understandability and the actionability of content, as reflected by median PEMAT scores of 91% (range 23-100%) and 25% (range 0-100%), respectively. On univariate analysis, there was an association with video content produced by medical practitioners with higher overall DISCERN and PEMAT scores (p = 0.03) but no association with the numbered listing on YouTube (p = 0.681), the number of likes (p = 0.883) or number of views (p = 0.786). Conclusion Whilst the majority of video content was readily understandable, there were significant deficiencies in the citation of sources, discussion of treatment options including benefits and risks and a logical action plan for patients seeking treatment. Most notably the quality of content provided was not associated with viewer engagement. Patients need to be counselled that while information is available on this platform, the overall quality of the content is poor. Consultation with a medical practitioner is advised, where referral to appropriate additional sources of information can be provided. If patients are seeking more information, they should seek videos produced by recognised medical institutions as an initial screening tool. Disclosure Work supported by industry: no.

Understanding Irritability in Relation to Anger, Aggression, and Informant in a Pediatric Clinical Population.

Despite its clinical relevance to pediatric mental health, the relationship of irritability with anger and aggression remains unclear. We aimed to quantify the relationships between well-validated, commonly used measurements of these constructs and informant effects in a clinically relevant population. A total of 195 children with primary diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, or no major disorder and their parents rate irritability, anger, and aggression on measures of each construct. Construct and informant relationships were mapped via multi-trait, multi-method factor analysis. Parent- and child-reported irritability and child-reported anger are highly associated (r= 0.89) but have some significant differences. Irritability overlaps with outward expression of anger but diverges from anger in anger suppression and control. Aggression has weaker associations with both irritability (r= 0.56) and anger (r= 0.49). Across measures, informant source explains a substantial portion of response variance. Irritability, albeit distinct from aggression, is highly associated with anger, with notable overlap in child-reported outward expression of anger, providing empirical support for formulations of clinical irritability as a proneness to express anger outwardly. Diagnostic and clinical intervention work on this facet of anger can likely translate to irritability. Further research on external validation of divergence of these constructs in anger suppression and control may guide future scale revisions. The proportion of response variance attributable to informant may be an under-recognized confound in clinical research and construct measurement.

Transfer Learning Under High-Dimensional Generalized Linear Models

In this work, we study the transfer learning problem under high-dimensional generalized linear models (GLMs), which aim to improve the fit on target data by borrowing information from useful source data. Given which sources to transfer, we propose a transfer learning algorithm on GLM, and derive its l 1 / l 2 -estimation error bounds as well as a bound for a prediction error measure. The theoretical analysis shows that when the target and sources are sufficiently close to each other, these bounds could be improved over those of the classical penalized estimator using only target data under mild conditions. When we don’t know which sources to transfer, an algorithm-free transferable source detection approach is introduced to detect informative sources. The detection consistency is proved under the high-dimensional GLM transfer learning setting. We also propose an algorithm to construct confidence intervals of each coefficient component, and the corresponding theories are provided. Extensive simulations and a real-data experiment verify the effectiveness of our algorithms. We implement the proposed GLM transfer learning algorithms in a new R package glmtrans, which is available on CRAN. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

BEST PRACTICE KEGIATAN LITERASI DI PUSAT PERPUSTAKAAN DAN PENYEBARAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

This study aims to determine the literacy process for collecting and managing information in the repository and iTani and the use of electronic information as a source for compiling pathfinder secondary publications and selected latest information. This paper also examines information literacy activities to expand the use of electronic information both onsite and virtual. This study uses a descriptive method to describe the state of the subject or object in the study. PUSTAKA has managed electronic information sourced from publications within the Ministry of Agriculture, open access sources on the internet and also e-journal databases. Electronic information becomes a source of information in the preparation of the pathfinder and the latest collection of information is selected to make it easier for users to search. Literacy on the use of online information is carried out face-to-face and virtual during the pandemic. Promotion of literacy activities continues to be carried out so that users can participate and become literate individuals.

The beginning of the dormouse monitoring program in Normandy, France (Poster presentation)

Bibliography can be used as a source of informations on the ecology and threats to the Hazel Dormouse. However, little data is available on French dormouse populations, and population trends remain unknown. The Hazel Dormouse is a protected species in France, but no particular attention is afforded to it by political policies. In 2018, the GMN (Groupe Mammalogique Normand) started a dormouse monitoring program in Normandy (France), based on volunteer work by its members. The aim of the program is to obtain information about local dormouse populations using nestbox monitoring at 10 study sites spread throughout Normandy, over a period of 5 to 10 years. The first years of the program were devoted to the search for potential study sites, the construction of nearly 400 nestboxes and their installation and monitoring at 8 study sites (beginning in 2019 for the first site). Since then, Hazel Dormouse nests and/or individuals have been observed in nestboxes at 7 study sites, with interannual fluctuations. The GMN is expanding its research to an additional two new sectors in 2022 or 2023. Further analysis will follow over the next few years.

Intelligent Big Data Framework for the Technical Design of Public Management Applications in Sports

Public sports services (PSS) are an important element in the development of China’s public service industry and promoting theoretical research on PSS at the present time has just become an inevitable requirement for the development of sports. The main purpose of the work in this paper is the study of public management data in sport through intelligent big data analysis, with the participation of knowledge graphs, migrating relevant algorithms from other application areas, and optimizing them on this basis. It provides an objective review and analysis of the weaknesses of current sport public management research, etc. Based on informative data sources and in-depth theoretical analysis, it provides an objective description and analysis of the current situation of the development of sport public management services and an outlook on the future development of public sport services.

THE JOURNALISTS HAS BUILT SELF MEANING: SPREADING HATE SPEECH IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2019 IN BANTEN

The current mass media industry is not the only sovereign of the source of informations. Based on technological advancements, social media exists as a blurring medium for space and time constraints in disseminating and exchanging information, but the minimal control mechanism causes content on social media is not only be positive, but also can be negative such as the spread of hate speech. Hate speech also enlivening journalist's Facebook accounts in Banten, especially during the 2019 Presidential Election campaign which tends to be a "new weapon" of social movements. This research was conducted with qualitative research methods through a phenomenological research approach. By using Social Construction Theory as a frame of qualitative analysis, it was revealed that the journalists who spread hate speech through social media Facebook interpret themselves as agents of change who do not want Indonesia to be led by the wrong leader.

Analisis Penerapan Sekolah Ramah Anak Dalam Membentuk Kenyamanan Sekolah Di SD Negeri Soropadan Surakarta

&lt;p&gt;The child-friendly school program was created because of the importance of paying attention to the rights of children at school. The purpose of the research is to describe the implementation of child-friendly school program in SD N Soropadan. Identify the supporting factors and inhibiting factors for the implementation of child-friendly schools in SD N Soropadan. Identify the impact of child-friendly school programs on the comfort of students at school. This research uses a qualitative method with the principal, teachers, and several high grade students of SD N Soropadan as sources of informants. Methods of data collection is done by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study based on the analysis of indicators of child-friendly schools in terms of child-friendly school policies, curriculum implementation, trained education personnel on child rights, facilities and infrastructure, and student participation community have gone quite well. The supporting factors for implementing child-friendly schools at SD Soropadan are the quality of the schools and the commitment of human resources. While the inhibiting factors are the lack of funding sources and the lack of participation of parents and the community. The existence of a child-friendly school program is very influential for the comfort of students at school because school facilities are increasingly being improved and educators are more competent in understanding children's rights.&lt;/p&gt;

A Reliable Machine Intelligence Model for Accurate Identification of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Ensemble Techniques.

Machine intelligence can convert raw clinical data into an informational source that helps make decisions and predictions. As a result, cardiovascular diseases are more likely to be addressed as early as possible before affecting the lifespan. Artificial intelligence has taken research on disease diagnosis and identification to another level. Despite several methods and models coming into existence, there is a possibility of improving the classification or forecast accuracy. By selecting the connected combination of models and features, we can improve accuracy. To achieve a better solution, we have proposed a reliable ensemble model in this paper. The proposed model produced results of 96.75% on the cardiovascular disease dataset obtained from the Mendeley Data Center, 93.39% on the comprehensive dataset collected from IEEE DataPort, and 88.24% on data collected from the Cleveland dataset. With this proposed model, we can achieve the safety and health security of an individual.

Clarity trumps content: An experiment on information acquisition in beauty contests

We study how beauty contest incentives affect information acquisition decisions when players can access multiple information sources. Players can acquire information from two equally informative sources: one source has high clarity (i.e., easy to understand and thus likely to be commonly interpreted) but low content (i.e., less precise to identify the economic state); the other has low clarity but high content. Theory predicts that strong beauty contest incentives lead players to ignore information with low clarity despite its high content. Our experimental results confirm this inattention to low-clarity information. Surprisingly, the inattention is stronger than theoretical prediction. In the beauty contest game, subjects use low-clarity information more than theory predicts. The over-use of low-clarity information at the beauty contest stage generates an endogenous cost at the information acquisition stage. The endogenous cost can lead to the under-acquisition of low-clarity information even when information cost is negligible. Interestingly, we find that the under-acquisition of low-clarity information substantially offsets its over-use in the beauty contest game.