Information Package Research Articles

Strategies to reduce out-of-pocket medication costs for Canadians with peripheral arterial disease.

Given that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) disproportionately affects people of lower socioeconomic status, out-of-pocket expenses for preventive medications are a major barrier to their use. We carried out a cost comparison of drug therapies for PAD to identify prescribing strategies that minimize out-of-pocket expenses for these medications. Between March and June 2019, we contacted outpatient pharmacies in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, to assess pricing of pharmacologic therapies at dosages included in the 2016 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline for management of lower extremity PAD. We also gathered pricing information for supplementary charges, including delivery, pill splitting and blister packaging. We calculated prescription prices with and without dispensing fees for 30-day brand-name and generic prescriptions, and 90-day generic prescriptions. Twenty-four pharmacies, including hospital-based, independent and chain, were included in our sample. In the most extreme scenario, total 90-day medication costs could differ by up to $1377.26. Costs were affected by choice of agent within a drug class, generic versus brand-name drug, quantity dispensed, dispensing fee and delivery cost, if any. By opting for prescriptions for 90 days or as long as possible, selecting the lowest-cost generic drugs available in each drug class, and identifying dispensing locations with lower fees, prescribers can minimize out-of-pocket patient medication expenses. This may help improve adherence to guideline-recommended therapies for the secondary prevention of vascular events in patients with PAD.

News Frames Emotion: Analyzing How Audience Are Influenced by News Frames

Purpose: As a persistent pattern of selection, interpretation, emphasis and presentation, news frames is very fundamental in influencing individual emotions. News is the construct and presentation of the news media. The study examines how audience emotions are influenced by news frames.
 Materials and Methods: The study is anchored on the theory of media framing, which deals with how the media package and present information to the audience or how audiences feel about an issue. Using analytical review of literature, the paper is exploratory and explanatory in nature as it adopts the gathering of relevant literature data with the sole aim of interpreting these data in order to achieve the desired aim of the study.
 Findings: Arising from the analyses of data, the study submits that news frame as the construct and presentation of the news media is capable of influencing audience’s emotions. Individual’s perception and reaction to news is a product of the journalistic news frame. This is because news frames involve selecting and emphasizing words, expressions, and images and these are capable of influencing audience’s cognitive, attitude and emotional effects.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: However, audience emotions to news largely depend on the state of the audience’s selection, interpretation and perception processes of the news.

Evaluation of Archives and Records Management Courses in Library and Information Science Schools in South-East, Nigeria

The profession of Library and Information Science (LIS) started as an interdisciplinary field of study. Generally speaking, LIS is a profession that deals with the organization and the universe of knowledge, creation, access, collection, and preservation and or packaging of information either in physical and digital formats to serve purposes such teaching, research, and legal documentations. This paper therefore looks at an assessment of academic lecturers (librarians) in South-East Nigeria to establish from among them, their realignment into the area of Archives and Records Management research in these academic institutions. To establish the extent to which they acquire degrees in this area and offer first degree, masters and PhD degrees in Archives and Records Management. The paper also tries to find out how many of these departments are named after Archives and records Management and to establish if the naming affects the progress significantly. In doing this, academic librarians in Abia State University, Imo State University, Enugu State University, Ebonyi State University and Anambra State University were studied as case study sites. The paper finds out that none (except in one case) of these academic librarians have PhD in Records Management, none of the universities studied named the department Archives and Records Management, none offers first degree and direct masters or PhD as a degree. The null hypothesis tested was rejected to agree that the naming affects the progress of the departments in the recent times as students are no longer fashionable to LIS as it were. The paper recommends that LIS schools should change as the demand changes and that academic librarians should start acquiring degrees in this area of research to increase the potential of sustainability. The paper concludes that the profession is stagnant in South- East Nigeria as no significant changes has been adopted by the Schools studied in either research or nomenclature of academic research output in this area.

An experimental investigation on CCFL characteristics during gas/low surface tension liquid counter-current two-phase flow in a small-scaling PWR hot leg typical geometry

A sharp increase in world energy demands which further results in another large progress in the development of nuclear energy establishes comprehensive developments on corresponding mitigation studies. Therefore, as a scenario of accident called LOCA is fundamentally considered, the related phenomena, i.e., the counter-current flow followed by flooding in the primary circuit of PWR, is of a great importance. The present work investigates characteristics of the flooding during a pair of gas/low surface tension liquid counter-current two-phase flow in a complex conduit representing a down-scaled of PWR hot leg typical geometry. Visual observations were obviously carried out to observe the flow phenomenology, while flow parameters were frequently varied. A typical result reveals that the gas flow rate to initiate the flooding decreases with the increase of liquid flow rate. Moreover, exhibiting locations of the onset called locus, a front flooding tends to occur during relatively low liquid flow rates while the higher liquid flow rates exhibit another flooding namely rear flooding. Accordingly, the present investigation provides a package of valuable information on a particular understanding towards the flooding characteristics to overcome the efforts on promoting safety managements on the operation of nuclear power plants..

КОНТРОЛЬ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕМ ПРИ ЗАЩИТЕ ОБЪЕКТОВ АПК ОТ ВРЕДИТЕЛЕЙ

The analysis of the modern safety of crop production and protection of crops from pests is carried out. The advantages of the electrophysical control method and the need to create an effective crop protection system from pests are substantiated. The use of an integrated plant protection system based on an information and software package for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of plant protection against pests is proposed. The method of control and management in energy technological processes is considered. An expression has been obtained that allows you to define a resource. The article presents a new method for analyzing energy processes in each technical element and in the entire consumer energy system, which allows you to take into account the spatial structure created by the elements, enter into analysis and calculations digital indicators separating useful energy and losses, and assess the impact of this separation on the profitability of the enterprise. The novelty of the problem solved in the article lies in the fact that there are no established methods for monitoring and managing the efficiency of energy use by the consumer. This methodological gap is not taken into account when designing an enterprise (when choosing equipment), since equipment is selected by capacity, and the energy consumed then determines efficiency in the form of energy intensity of products that do not emit used energy. The method presented in the article is based on the separation of consumed and used energy, on the allocation of technological energy processes that use energy with a given technological efficiency, and on the use of fundamental knowledge for process analysis. These methodological techniques made it possible to obtain the energy intensity of products in the form of the sum of two digital indicators — an effective indicator and an indicator of an increase due to losses. The decrease in the second indicator turns the problem of increasing energy efficiency into a complex task of energy services at the enterprise. The complexity for the agro-industrial complex is explained by the work with biological objects, the use of stationary and mobile technologies, the use of fundamentally different types of energy (anthropogenic, photonic and fuel), the creation and maintenance of fundamentally different production facilities (fields and farms), which the seasonality of work cannot calm.

ЭНЕРГОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЕ В СИСТЕМАХ ЗАЩИТЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ АПК ОТ ВРЕДИТЕЛЕЙ КАК СРЕДСТВО ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

The relevance of the research area in the field of food security is indicated. The analysis of the current state of the issue of crop protection from pests is carried out. The advantages of the electrophysical pest control method as the basis of an integrated crop protection system based on an information and software package for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of plant protection against pests are substantiated. The method of reducing the energy intensity of products is considered. An attempt has been made to apply a method for monitoring and managing energy consumption in systems for protecting agricultural facilities from pests. At all times, the problem of achieving and maintaining food security has been a task, if not the first, then one of the main ones for our society. The effectiveness of any of these methods depends on a number of different factors, and first of all, on the factor of timely protective measures. Thus, it becomes necessary to have information about the dynamics of the development of pests of a particular species. Agriculture itself is an energy conversion process, namely the conversion of solar energy through photosynthesis into food energy for humans and animal feed. Primitive agriculture involved nothing more than spreading seeds on the ground and producing meager harvests as a result. Modern agriculture requires energy consumption at all stages of agricultural production, such as direct use of energy in agricultural machinery, water management, irrigation, cultivation and harvesting. Post-harvest energy use includes the processing, storage and transportation of food to markets. In addition, agriculture uses a variety of indirect or isolated energy sources in the form of mineral fertilizers and chemical pesticides, insecticides and herbicides. While industrialized countries have benefited from these advances in agricultural energy provision, developing countries have been less fortunate. The "activation" of the food production chain has been an integral feature of the development of agriculture throughout recent history and is the main factor contributing to the achievement of food security.

Promoting Health and Well-being of Institutionalized Destitute Females: A Study from Thar Region of India

Abstract Context/Background: Destitute females are largely neglected by society and lead a miserable life, subject to mental and physical abuse. The study was planned to assess the basic health needs of females living in a destitute home and develop a model information, education, and communication (IEC) tool kit package for the specific needs to facilitate better mental and physical well-being. Aims/Objectives: This study aims to develop a model IEC toolkit package for specific health needs of females living in destitute homes. Methodology: A multiphasic mixed-methods study was conducted at the destitute home of Jodhpur. Females living in the facility were interviewed to assess their basic health needs and an IEC model toolkit was prepared for health promotion. The toolkit was implemented and feedback was taken to refine the final model toolkit. Results: All 31 females were included in the study after due consent. The mean age was 31 years (standard deviation = 7.6) and majority (10; 32.3%) were literate with no formal education. Through interviews, priority health needs were derived as mental health, menstrual hygiene, and general hygiene. Interventions designed were yoga, recreation, laughter club and anger coping skills for mental health, visual aids, role plays, and posters for menstrual and general hygiene. The final model was designed specifically for literacy levels using feedback from stakeholders. Conclusions: The developed model was received with enthusiasm by participants and implementers. It was deemed to lessen their burden in a long run, ensuring sustainability. Such model is easily implementable and could be replicated by other destitute homes for health promotion amongst destitute females.

A Brief Analysis of Information Packaging Based on Examples from Animal Farm

A Brief Analysis of Information Packaging Based on Examples from Animal Farm

Тайнопись на стальных магистралях: перехват донесений, дешифровка и защита сведений железнодорожными жандармами

The article examines the activities of the gendarmerie railway police in the Russian Empire during the peri-od from the last decade of the 19th century to the February Revolution, focusing on their efforts to intercept anti-government correspondence and enemy reports, decrypt them, and protect information about the transportation of military goods. The author uses extensive previously unpublished records from the gendarmerie police de-partments of the railways to analyze examples of secret writing (cryptograms) used by revolutionaries. The dis-advantages of the ciphers used include a logical connection between letters in the source text and positions in conditional alphabets, as well as a specific arrangement of letters that ensures that only one position of the condi-tional alphabet can correspond to each encrypted value. Militant groups of political radicals actively tried to re-cruit railway employees, especially telegraph operators, to cooperate in order to receive and transmit information about the passage of trains with valuable cargo. This information was crucial for planning and implementing expropriation actions. During the First World War, the critical importance of communication increased the im-portance of cryptography and cryptanalysis. To encrypt messages about the state of Russian railways, the enemy used an extensive arsenal of techniques, such as replacing keywords in texts by established methods; using ci-pherbooks containing various code combinations, and a combination of values replacement and rearrangement according to the developed matrices. The war gave an impetus to the development of cryptography, as ciphers became more complicated for cryptanalysts to decipher. The concealment of the contents of spy reports was en-sured not only through the transformation of texts but also through sophisticated methods of packaging infor-mation carriers in luggage, among food products, and the use of special ink. In charge of decryption, the railway gendarmes largely depended on the special department of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Af-fairs and the Ministry of War. These agencies provided the necessary keys. In turn, the railway gendarmerie gained valuable experience in intercepting letters containing secrets when they were transported by rail.

Design of a 360 Degree Virtual Tour System: Introduction to Tanah Wuk Tourism Objects for Promotion in Digital Business

Tanah Wuk offers impressive views with the beauty of green valleys, a very calm situation, and rows of hills that complement this beauty. As a place for family recreation, Tanah Wuk provides a large enough yard that can be used as a place for barbecues and playing games with the family. Therefore, with the current development of information technology, one of which is packaging information technology through multimedia, we will increase the promotional media for Tanah Wuk Tourism Objects in Sangeh Village by creating a virtual tour application that aims to introduce Tanah Wuk Tourism Objects to tourists before visiting. Information technology, through this multimedia, is a combination of data, sound, video, audio, animation, graphics, text, and sounds in which the combination of these elements can be presented via a computer. Before being developed, the design needs to be done for this information system, starting with the menu structure design, storyboards, and interface design. System design is very important to ensure that the system built can provide significant added value for the users who use it. The design is carried out starting with data collection, needs analysis, menu structure design, storyboards, and interface design. From the needs analysis, there are two users involved in making this system, namely the admin and the user. For the menu structure, there are four menus in the system: home, profile, virtual tour, and about.

Pendampingan Teknologi Pengemasan Produk Olahan Mangrove dalam Mendukung Wirausaha Masyarakat

The activity partner is the Arrahmah women's group, a coastal community of Pinggir Papas who processes mangroves into cookies. This processed mangrove product has relatively low marketing where it is only produced when there is an order for an important exhibition or event. Generally, mangrove cookies are sold in bulk or without packaging. Where the packaging used is plastic packaging without labels or product information. One effort that can support the development of the mangrove cookies business is by providing attractive and informative packaging technology so that it can increase product purchasing power. Partners themselves do not yet have the skills to design attractive packaging that can increase product purchasing power. As is the problem with micro businesses, the skills possessed by partners in entrepreneurship and creating product attractiveness are still low. One effort to improve product marketing is by designing attractive packaging and providing entrepreneurial training to partners. The output of this activity is partner empowerment in the form of increasing entrepreneurial skills and increasing product attractiveness through attractive and informative packaging designs. Other outputs from service activities are online mass media publications and article publications in the national journal ISNN.]

Irish farmers’ engagement with dairy calf welfare: An exploratory analysis

Abstract Dairycalf welfare is receiving increasing public attention. To ensure optimal practices, farmers need to engage and be mindful of unethical behavior. However, avoiding information on animal welfare is common and often driven by willful ignorance. We conduct an exploratory analysis on survey data from 546 Irish dairy farmers. We investigate farmers’ choice to view a picture of transported dairy calves and find that over 20 per cent of farmers prefer to remain in a state of ignorance. Higher self-reported calf mortality and education increase the odds of viewing the picture while being a female decreases them. Farmers’ reasons for avoiding include the lack of new information in the picture, anticipated negative feelings, and biased information expectations. Additional explorations suggest that the farmers’ decision is not a survey artifact, but the results are not robust and further research is needed to confirm. Possible suggestions to improve calf welfare are to foster farmers’ trust, package information as new evidence on best calf-rearing practices, and better understand perceptions of animal welfare.

Analisis Kualitas Layanan E-Tracking J&T Cargo menggunakan COBIT 5

In today's practical digital era, this has fueled the presence of companies operating in the field of technology-based logistics services, for example J&T Cargo. One of the industries currently developing in Indonesia is the logistics transportation services industry due to the growth of e-commerce over the last decade. J&T is a logistics company that helps customers pack and send their goods. J&T cargo e-tracking is a service used to track package information, track outlets and also check postage which can be done independently without having to go to the outlet, making it easier for consumers to obtain information quickly and more efficiently. This research focuses on the COBIT 5.0 domain Deliver, Service, and Support (DSS) framework which aims to obtain the level of satisfaction of users of the J&T Cargo E-Tracking service. So the research results show that the lowest current maturity level value in the DSS domain is the DSS02 process, namely at level 3 (Established Process) and the other 5, namely DSS01, DSS03, DSS04, DSS05, DSS06 are at level 4 (Predictable process). From the results of measuring the maturity level, the as-is and to-be values ​​are obtained which will be the targets for IT governance of E-tracking services at J&T Cargo.

Pendampingan Pembuatan Teh Daun Mint Untuk Meningkatkan Jiwa Wirausaha Warga Binaan Rutan KLS II B Situbondo

The State Detention Center (RUTAN) is an integral part of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, which is entrusted with the responsibility for executing the main tasks of the Ministry in the aspects of placement, care and services for prisoners. A concrete example of a detention center is the Situbondo Class II B Detention Center, a correctional institution located in Situbondo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Individuals serving a sentence in a class II B State Detention Center, including inmates or detainees, have the need to improve their skills during the period of their detention. One of the rehabilitative activities carried out in prison is the practice of hydroponics, where one type of plant grown is mint. So far, the harvest of mint plants has been sold directly to prison visitors and also promoted at car free day activities in the Situbondo square. It was revealed that the leaves of the mint plant have significant health value and can be processed into herbal tea. In this context, assistance was provided with the process of making mint leaf tea at the Class II B Detention Center in Situbondo as part of efforts to diversify medicinal plants. This program aims to achieve two main benefits. First, stimulate the motivation of inmates to develop entrepreneurial skills after they are released from punishment, with the hope of improving their economic conditions. Second, increase their understanding of the processing of agricultural products, especially mint leaves which are processed into herbal tea. Training and practical methods are directly applied in this empowerment activity. The results include increased knowledge and skills in processing mint leaves into herbal tea. The final product of this program is herbal tea with an attractive and informative packaging design.

“Spoken and monologic”: modelling oratory, past and present, through the framework of systemic functional linguistics

Abstract This article focuses on instances of spoken communication which qualify commonly as “oratory” and which can be modelled within the socio-semiotic of “spoken and monologic”. This includes both “podium oratory”, as exemplified by political speeches delivered from a stage to an audience that is physically present, as well as forms of “digital oratory” which have developed via the digital interface, including videos posted to social media. The study proposes to model both types of oratory with respect to a range of multimodal and linguistic resources. The study notably explores spoken and monologic discourse in regard to grammatical intricacy and lexical density, the two types of information packaging which respectively inform prototypical speech and writing. Digital oratory reflects trends associated with the technologisation of discourse, and its underpinnings as socio-semiotic. The discussion also makes the case that systemic functional linguistics (SFL) theory, via its articulation between system and function, provides an ideal lens through which these activities can be modelled, as well as their social role and the symbolic power attached to them.

Sugar content in yogurts: What information is provided to consumers on the label?

This study focused on the observational and descriptive analysis of yogurt products available in major supermarket chains across Uruguay. A database of 120 yogurts was established using the FLIP-LAC program, facilitating the collection, storage, and analysis of packaging information. The findings revealed a diverse range of yogurts based on fat content, with 18% being whole, 49% low-fat, and 33% non-fat. Significantly, 97% of the yogurts contained sugar or alternative sweeteners, aligning with global trends and highlighting the prevalent use of sweetening agents in dairy products. The study underscored the challenges in assessing sugar intake due to the non-mandatory declaration of sugar content in nutritional labeling. Notably, 3% of yogurts did not contain any sweeteners or sugar. Additionally, 10% of the yogurts displayed an excess sugar warning octagon, indicating sugar content exceeding 26 g per serving. The study emphasized the need for enhanced nutritional education and public policies to empower consumers in making informed dietary choices. Despite regulatory efforts, the absence of mandatory sugar declarations on nutritional labels hinders consumers from tracking and managing their sugar intake effectively. The dataset revealed significant differences in sugar content-based categories on fat content, highlighting potential avenues for industry improvement in producing healthier yogurt options.

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Publication Information

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Publication Information

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Information for Authors

IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology Information for Authors

Pseudo-Coordinated Sitzen and Stehen in Spoken German: A Case of Emergent Progressive Aspect?

This paper investigates the aspectual potential of posture verb pseudo-coordination in spoken German. In a corpus study of sitzen ‘sit’ and stehen ‘stand’, it is shown that despite a preference for activity verbs, verbs of all aspectual classes occur in the second conjunct. The posture verb imposes its durative meaning component on the second verb, thus making a progressive interpretation of the construction possible. Apart from this emergent aspectual function, German posture verb pseudo-coordination has a subjective function (conveying the speaker’s beliefs about the subject referent’s stance), and a discourse pragmatic function (information packaging).*

Evaluation of the Handling Practices and Risk Perceptions of Dried Wood Ear Mushrooms in Asian Restaurants in the United States

In late 2020, dried wood ear mushrooms, a low-moisture food ingredient that had been imported and sold to restaurants, were linked to a foodborne outbreak of Salmonella Stanley, which sickened 55 individuals across the United States. These mushrooms are commonly used in Asian cuisine. It is unclear if the contaminated dried wood ear mushrooms that caused the foodborne illnesses were improperly handled during preparation. The objectives of this study are to assess the handling practices, risk perceptions, and food recall experiences of dried wood ear mushrooms in restaurant kitchens among Asian restaurant managers and chefs. We conducted a series of telephone interviews with managers and chefs of Asian restaurants in the United States who used dried wood ear mushrooms in making dishes. After reaching information saturation, a total of 25 restaurant managers and chefs participated in the interview. Our results showed that 76% of the participants did not keep track of package information, such as expiration date and lot number, and many participants reported using cold water for rehydration. Wood ear mushrooms were blanched before being used in all cold dishes and most stir-fry dishes, but less commonly in stew or ramen. Some participants (16%) did not view dried wood ear mushrooms as a raw food ingredient, and 16% did not perceive that low-moisture food ingredients constituted microbiological food safety risks. The majority of the participants had heard of food recalls, but only 17% knew about the dried wood ear mushroom recall, and even fewer had heard of food recalls of other low-moisture foods, like nuts and seeds (9%), and flour (4%). While this study shares similarities with previously published studies evaluating the handling practices of consumers and restaurant employees with respect to meat and poultry, it makes a distinctive contribution to the field of food safety as the first-of-its-kind to study the handling practices of a low-moisture food ingredient: dried wood ear mushrooms. This unique ethnic food ingredient has been associated with a past outbreak and multiple recalls in the United States. The findings of the study show the need to develop food safety educational programs that are tailored toward Asian restaurant food handlers and provide guidance to develop risk communication strategies for this niche audience.