Parking Information Research Articles

Parking Information Interaction of Global Internet of Things Based on the Timer and Elastic Pressure Switch Sensor Combination

Parking information release is large flow, and released information is not timely and accurately. In order to solve these problems the global internet of things of stereoscopic parking system is proposed based on the timer control to the parking information. The system will be use the core technology of internet of things and combination of timer and elastic pressure switch with a pressure sensor, and using their electrical circuit to realize the parking information acquisition, storage, and release with reliable and accurately. Experimental result shows the electrical circuits will be better and accurately obtained the parking information. The car user uses the vehicle terminal to search the target parking lot and to receive the parking information. Future gradually extended to the smart phone and on board navigator system. This system will be to alleviate the urban traffic and improve the utilization efficiency of urban parking lot, for the future of the city and social development to provide better technical support and basis.

Design and Implementation of University Parking Query System

To conveniently find parking spaces for college staffs and visitors, the university parking query system is designed based on C/S architecture. By the design of automatically obtaining parking information based on image processing technology and the design of parking information inquiry, the system enables parking information exchange between Android mobile devices and Web server. It could improve the efficiency of parking spaces and also reduce the time spending on finding parking space.

INFORMATION LOGISTICS AS MEANS OF INFORMATION SERVI CES FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORT NEEDS

European parking information center (EPIC) – it will provide unified and detailed information about European parking areas. The EPIC system will receive the data from local information centres. For Slovak republic there will be one provider for traffic data – a National traffic information center (NDIC). The EPIC system is available at http://truckinform.eu. Intelligent parking system (IPS) will be linked with NDIC. The aim of the IPS system is to provide information as follows: number of free parking places, services to be used in parking area and so one.

Optimal occupancy-driven parking pricing under demand uncertainties and traveler heterogeneity: A stochastic control approach

A novel parking pricing strategy dependent on real-time sensing is proposed to manage the parking demand. Parking pricing and information provision jointly serve as a dynamic stabilized controller to minimize the total travel time (TTT) of the system. Parking prices are adjusted in real time according to the real-time occupancy collected by parking sensors. All the parking information along with parking prices, is then provided for travelers to make real-time parking choices. We model the optimal parking pricing in the preferred (closer) parking cluster as a stochastic control problem. We take into account two types of randomness, demand uncertainties and user heterogeneity in Value of Time (VOT), both of which can be learned by taking real-time measurements. The optimal parking pricing policies are solved using the dynamic programming approach. There exists a critical occupancy for each time period, and the parking prices should be set effective (by diverting travelers to the farther parking lot) when the up-to-date occupancy is above the critical occupancy. From the numerical experiments, we find that the optimal parking policies based on stochastic control models are promising. They can deal with different demand levels (high, low or unstable) and generally outperform the deterministic pricing schemes. It can approach the minimum TTT in most of the cases as if we know the traffic demand in advance of the commuting time. Providing real-time occupancy information alone without setting proper parking prices, seems useful, but marginal, in reducing the parking congestion.

Decision Analytics for Parking Availability in Downtown Pittsburgh

ParkPGH is a novel parking application that provides real-time and predictive information on the availability of garage parking spaces within Pittsburgh’s Cultural District. The core of the application is a module that collects real-time parking information from the garages by tapping into their gate counts. The real-time component is complemented by a module that uses historical data and an events calendar to predict parking availability. In 2011, visitors to downtown Pittsburgh used ParkPGH more than 300,000 times to determine when and where to park. The application has also been beneficial to garage operators because the information it provides on parking demand affords them greater flexibility in addressing contingencies and managing lease holders. The deployment of ParkPGH, which includes a robust evaluation component, is one piece of a broader transportation ecosystem within the Greater Pittsburgh region. The lessons we learned from the initiative, the application’s relatively low cost, its ease of retrofitting, and its open-source platform can enable other cities to lower the costs of implementing and managing similar smart-parking solutions and significantly shorten their learning curves.

Understanding drivers’ perspective on parking guidance information

Parking guidance and information (PGI) systems are thought to enable a more efficient control and management of the traffic and the use of the available car park in urban areas. Despite the installation of PGI systems in many cities and their operation for a number of years, the levels of usage of PGI remain much lower than expected. To guide investment and operational decisions, this study examines the existing PGI systems from the drivers' perspective. The results show that PGI is not efficiently used and often ignored by drivers because of the inaccurate or out-of-date nature of the information it is displaying. Habitual behaviour also played an important role in the choices of a car park. However, the results of the research also show that there is a desire for more accurate, dynamic and personalised parking information through different means at pre-trip stage and en-route stage. The results of this survey should provide some guidance in the design of future PGI systems.

Design of Notification System Illegal Parking Vehicles on Campus

The increase in the number of private cars as well as non-standard parked behavior has brought great pressure to campus traffic. In order to control this non-standard parked behavior, orderly and reasonable guide and regulate owners to develop good parking habits, we design a vehicle parking violation notification system. A system is designed in the article to record illegal parking information of vehicles. A working principle of this system is that a wireless MMS image terminal captures image information of illegal vehicles, and real-time transmits the captured image information to the Data Center Computer in Security Department of the school through the GPRS network, so as to achieve illegal vehicle information is timely recorded and notified. Meanwhile, outside campus of illegal vehicles will be warned or limited its re-enter the campus. After a year of work and testing, the entire system is stable, and the image information transmission failure rate is very low. Illegal parking behavior on campus has been significantly curbed, and traffic order has been significantly improved.

Smart Parking Information System Exploiting Visible Light Communication

In this paper, we propose a smart parking information system exploiting visible light communication (VLC) technology to help drivers getting the real-time parking information as well as direction guide. By providing accurate information on available parking spaces, drivers save time and fuel and increase efficiency of the parking process. Therefore, the proposed system not only gives the illumination function of LED but also the function of communicating in the manner of application based on the VLC. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through experiments in an indoor environment.

Development and Effectiveness of Private Parking Information Algorithm

Super high-rise buildings of combined use such as large shopping malls and multiplex etc. have larger parking facilities than general buildings and are characteristic of an increase in the number of the entrance and the exit connecting internal external space of the parking lot. These features cause a congestion of internal traffic by increasing car driving distance in the parking lot, and vehicle idling increases by drivers wander the parking lot in order to find parking space. In addition, they make drivers suffer from lots of difficulties due to parking including increasing their walking line after parking. Therefore, in this study, we developed individual parking information provision algorithm to specify the optimal parking place for drivers according to the purpose of visiting a building and the drivers` moving path, and selected new construction site for the second lotte world in order to evaluate the algorithm developed and performed evaluation. As a result of the evaluation, it was analyzed that in the case of applying the individual parking information provision algorithm compared to the existing parking information provision algorithm, moving distance in the parking lot decreases around 7.43~83.4%, and that in the case of emission, it decreased about 47.7% on average, which indicates that the efficiency resulted from application of the individual parking information provision algorithm is very high as the application effects are tested.

PROTOTYPE DESIGN SYSTEM FOR MOBILE WEB USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION AT PARKING BUILDING

Several factors cause people forget things. They are retrieval failure, interference failure to store and motivated forgetting. So, it is considered to have tools in order to prevent those. This happens almost everywhere, including when the drivers forgot where their car has been parked. Furthermore, the increase of parking fee is also considerable. The purpose of this research is to design a prototype system for mobile web as one of the helpful tools for car parking location reminder using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology that implemented at the parking building. The research is conducted by direct observation of the current system, do a comparison of similar applications, design the architecture of the system, make the programs, create a mock-up and mobile web as a prototype. The result of this research is a prototype of parking location reminder using RFID-based on mobile web. The mobile web displays information menu such as the location and the parking information. Based on the research, it is concluded that the mobile web can be used as one of solutions for parking location reminder and allows users to view information such as the parking duration and the parking fee estimation.

Development Stages of Intelligent Parking Information Systems for Trucks

The route planning of trucks also includes the planning of the parking. Research has already shown that parking demands often exceed capacities. This problem can be managed by appropriate information provision. It is also discussed by European strategic documents, the ITS Directive and the ITS Action Plan, as a priority assignment. Advanced intelligent parking management systems for trucks, planned and partially installed ones, provide real-time information and central (system optimum based) navigation with automatic parking place booking. In this way, the capacity utilization of parking facilities can be maximized. Nowadays such complex systems are still not available, only some part- functions, but modern information and communication technology offers new opportunities in transportation applications. The article classifies the parking information systems into five plus one (5+1) service levels according to their functions. On the highest service level, the information system offers individual route plans for every user while it takes drivers' working hours, actual traffic conditions and personal preferences into consideration. In the future, mobility and parking demands can be influenced by real-time and interactive information management.

The Design of Urban Parking Guidance and Information System Based on ZigBee Technology

This paper proposes a complete set of Urban Parking Guidance and Information System, which includes Parking Subsystem and City Parking Subsystem. The system adopts wireless sense network based on ZigBee technology for the communication network. The parking information terminals that set up in the parking areas automatically identify the parking vehicles and upload the parking information. After processing the data, the Central Control Module would distribute the parking information by LCD screens for the drivers. In terms of parking supply and demand status, the system sends the separately parking information to the corresponding phone number. The system achieves barrier-free intelligent parking management by realizing functions such as three ways of releasing the information of parking lots, inquiry of parking location and convenient register operation.

Tingkat Kepuasan Parkir Kampus Anggrek Binus University Ditinjau dari Fasilitas Geometri dan Survei Kepuasan Parkir

Evaluated from the level of saturation, Anggrek Campus Binus University facilities are considerably able to accommodate all vehicles to park. However, from observations over the years, even though the capacity still seems able to accommodate, there are still some drivers who have difficulty in placing their vehicle in the provided parking lots. In results, it take a long time for drivers to do the maneuvers. Due to this reason, there is a need to review the geometric conditions of a parking space and user parking satisfaction at Anggrek Campus. The research method is to conduct a survei for the parking geometry in a questionnaire form, which aims to determine the satisfaction level of the parking facility from the user side. The research results acquired for parking plot 4000 x 2400 mm, the type of vehicles that meet the requirements of free space to park in the lateral direction of the plot is city car, jeep, and MPV. As for the parking plot 5000 x 3000 mm, free parking space requirements for the lateral direction meet for all types of vehicles (city car, jeeps, MPV, sedans, and SUVs). Results stated that 39% of respondents are comfortable in terms of ease of parking, 37% of respondents express comfort in opening the car door after parking their vehicle, 24% said parking signs are very useful for them in getting the parking information. However, 22% of respondents expressed their discomfort in the ease of parking due to the geometry of 90° parking pattern.

Smart Parking System Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Large Parking Lots

In China, finding a vacant parking space in a congested area or a large parking lot is always time consuming and frustrating. To minimize hassle and inconvenience to the automatic drivers, this paper proposed a novel smart parking system which consists of many parking sensor nodes and one parking gateway in one large parking lot. Parking sensor node is used as vehicle occupancy detector and parking gateway is used as parking lot manager. All parking sensor nodes compose wireless sensor networks with Zigbee transmission protocol. With the GPRS/3G transmission function of parking gateway, large parking lot can provide friendly parking information to the running vehicles and subscribed users. In a word, the proposed novel smart parking system is provided with innovative and practicability.

A Comparative Study of Different Smart Parking Assist Systems Using Wireless Sensor Networks

To deal with the parking guidance issue of the parking lots, this paper proposes a vision of improvements in parking guidance and information system based on wireless sensor system. This system consists of parking space monitoring nodes, routing nodes, parking guidance display and Central control center. The nodes transmit the information through wireless sensor network . After analyzing and processing the data, the central control center would distribute the parking information by LED screen and displays for the drivers.

Modelling heterogeneous drivers’ responses to route guidance and parking information systems in stochastic and time-dependent networks

Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) are generally expected to be efficient in reducing travel time and parking search time uncertainties. This article presents a mixed-behaviour multi-class equilibrium model for investigating heterogeneous drivers’ responses to route guidance and parking information systems in stochastic and time-dependent networks. The proposed model simultaneously considers the drivers’ choices of departure time, route and parking location under network uncertainty. All drivers are differentiated by their values of time and values of reliability, and each class of them is further divided into two groups, equipped and unequipped with ATIS, respectively. Suppose that the equipped drivers can predict travel disutility more accurately than the unequipped ones due to the information services provided by ATIS. The model is formulated as a fixed-point problem and is solved by a heuristic solution algorithm via a combination of the Monte Carlo simulation approach and the method of successive averages. The effectiveness of the modelling framework is illustrated by a numerical example and some new insights about the complex travel and parking behaviour under ATIS are obtained.

Analysis of Parking Reliability Guidance of Urban Parking Variable Message Sign System

Operators of parking guidance and information systems (PGIS) often encounter difficulty in determining when and how to provide reliable car park availability information to drivers. Reliability has become a key factor to ensure the benefits of urban PGIS. The present paper is the first to define the guiding parking reliability of urban parking variable message signs (VMSs). By analyzing the parking choice under guiding and optional parking lots, a guiding parking reliability model was constructed. A mathematical program was formulated to determine the guiding parking reliability of VMS. The procedures were applied to a numerical example, and the factors that affect guiding reliability were analyzed. The quantitative changes of the parking berths and the display conditions of VMS were found to be the most important factors influencing guiding reliability. The parking guiding VMS achieved the best benefit when the parking supply was close to or was less than the demand. The combination of a guiding parking reliability model and parking choice behavior offers potential for PGIS operators to reduce traffic congestion in central city areas.

A Low Power Parking Management System for Intelligent Building

The parking management system can increase driver's convenience with detailed parking information service in the parking lot. At the same time, parking management system consumes non-negligible electrical energy with large amount of sensors, displays and control modules. With the increase in the demand for green and sustainable building design all over the world, it becomes a meaningful issue for parking management system to reduce operating power. This paper presents the preliminary design and estimated results of a parking management system which is optimized to reduce the power consumption mainly on detectors and displays. The system design is based on pre-developed wireless parking detectors, Park Tile and Park Disk. The system has a number of parking space detectors, vehicle count detectors, information displays, guidance terminals and other control units. We have performed system architecture design, communication network design, parking information service scenario planning, battery life regulation and at last operating power estimation. The estimated operating power was 0.93KW per parking-slot, which is 20% of traditional systems. The estimated annual maintenance cost was 18% of traditional systems.

Locating of variable message signs in parking guidance systems

Aiming to optimise the locations of variable message signs in parking guidance and information systems (PGIs), the location-selecting optimisation model was set up to specify the positions of variable message signs on road networks. The model was based on analyses of parking guidance grading and had the target of maximising guidance efficiency by combining analyses of the characteristics of parking flows. This optimisation model can ensure that all the parking flows are effectively guided, subject to the density restriction of variable message signs on road networks. The solution method for the model uses a genetic algorithm and after development a numerical example has been used to demonstrate the application of the model. The model can be used in the design of PGIs to determine the optimal locations of variable message signs on road networks in order to improve both the rationalities of the design and the parking guidance efficiencies.

Real-time parking information management to reduce search time, vehicle displacement and emissions

The time spent searching for free parking spaces can produce considerable environmental pollution. Information on parking availability can be a powerful instrument for reducing these search costs. This paper develops a demand assignment model to evaluate the benefits of manipulating information with the objective of reducing the time and distances involved in finding a parking-place; including the walking distances involved. Using the full search procedure it was found that improvements of some 10% in efficiency could be achieved, but only at high computational costs. A genetic algorithm was programmed that increases the possibility of finding the optimum information conditions that can be translated into lower emissions of toxic greenhouse gases.