Integrated Information Processing Research Articles

Design of Mobile Control system for wheeled Mobile Robot based on embedded ARM Technology

The mobile control of the wheeled mobile robot is affected by local disturbance error, which leads to low control precision. A mobile control model of wheeled mobile robot based on RTK-GPS (real-time kinematic GPS) is proposed. The mobile control system of wheeled mobile robot is designed with embedded ARM technology as the core processor of controller. Firstly, the mobile control algorithm of wheeled mobile robot is designed. The attitude determination parameter of wheeled mobile robot is taken as the control constraint parameter, and the attitude determination control of the wheeled mobile robot and the path map traversal of attitude parameter output are processed. According to the coordinate position of the locus map, the robot’s moving location is carried out, and the trajectory following adjustment is realized by RTK-GPS technology, and the control law is optimized. Then the hardware of the control system is developed under the embedded ARM technology integrated information processing environment. The robot attitude adjusting system, the central integrated control module and the man-machine interaction module are designed and described in detail. The system test results show that the proposed method has better output performance, lower attitude determination error and better control convergence of wheeled mobile robot.

SEARCH OF OPTIMAL COMPROMISE BETWEEN REQUIREMENTS IN SPHERE OF INFORMATION PROCESSING AND RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR THESE TASKS

The possibility of using the fundamentals of system analysis when choosing the optimal information processing strategy in the design of complex information systems with the aim of obtaining a complete and objective assessment of information resources, implemented in the interest of analyzing the technical characteristics of integrated information processing tools of complex automated systems, is considered. Information risk analysis was carried out, i.e. the process of integrated assessment of information processing in an automated system with the transition to quantitative or qualitative indicators. In addition, each indicator represents the probable damage, which depends on the information processing in the system. The process of identifying and reducing risks that can affect the information system is understood as the process of risk management. The results of the analysis are used in the selection of information processing facilities and in evaluating the effectiveness of existing and projected subsystems.

Extended Query Model for MOOC Education Resource Metadata Based on Big data

In traditional education resource metadata extended query methods, data recall is poor. In order to solve this problem, an extended query model for MOOC education resource metadata based on big data information fusion clustering scheduling is proposed. The semantic ontology model is adopted to analyse the storage structure of MOOC education resource metadata and extract binary semantic feature quantity of MOOC education resource metadata to construct a binary semantic decision model for extended query of MOOC education resource metadata; the integrated information processing technology of big data is adopted for extended query and adaptive scheduling of MOOC education resource metadata to improve the ability to retrieve and identify metadata. The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide an average precision ratio of 0.976 in extended query of MOOC education resource metadata and good data recall performance.

Extended query model for MOOC education resource metadata based on big data

In traditional education resource metadata extended query methods, data recall is poor. In order to solve this problem, an extended query model for MOOC education resource metadata based on big data information fusion clustering scheduling is proposed. The semantic ontology model is adopted to analyse the storage structure of MOOC education resource metadata and extract binary semantic feature quantity of MOOC education resource metadata to construct a binary semantic decision model for extended query of MOOC education resource metadata; the integrated information processing technology of big data is adopted for extended query and adaptive scheduling of MOOC education resource metadata to improve the ability to retrieve and identify metadata. The simulation results show that the proposed method can provide an average precision ratio of 0.976 in extended query of MOOC education resource metadata and good data recall performance.

Research on Assemblability Evaluation Method of Aero-engine Based on Assembly Data Model

In order to improve the assemblability of aero-engine products, this paper combined with the assembly process design features of the engine, and divided the assemblability into five directions, assembly performance, assembly structure, assembly connection, equipment capability and other requirements. The engine assembly data model was used as the carrier of product assembly process information integration; the fuzzy set and expert system were introduced to organically combine the product assembly process and the assembly parameters. Evaluation levels in all aspects of the engine structure assemblability are determined by the analysis and evaluation of a single factor and comprehensive impact. High-level assemblability analysis was achieved by means of that. The algorithm proposed in the paper had been applied to engine assembly process design practice and had achieved good practical results.

Neuronal response properties across cytochrome oxidase stripes in primate V2.

Cytochrome oxidase histochemistry reveals large-scale cortical modules in area V2 of primates known as thick, thin, and interstripes. Anatomical, electrophysiological, and tracing studies suggest that V2 cytochrome oxidase stripes participate in functionally distinct streams of visual information processing. However, there is controversy whether the different V2 compartments indeed correlate with specialized neuronal response properties. We used multiple-electrode arrays (16 × 2, 8 × 4 and 4 × 4 matrices) to simultaneously record the spiking activity (N = 190 single units) across distinct V2 stripes in anesthetized and paralyzed capuchin monkeys (N = 3 animals, 6 hemispheres). Visual stimulation consisted of moving bars and full-field gratings with different contrasts, orientations, directions of motion, spatial frequencies, velocities, and color contrasts. Interstripe neurons exhibited the strongest orientation and direction selectivities compared to the thick and thin stripes, with relatively stronger coding for orientation. Additionally, they responded best to higher spatial frequencies and to lower stimulus velocities. Thin stripes showed the highest proportion (80%) of neurons selective to color contrast (compared to 47% and 21% for thick and interstripes, respectively). The great majority of the color selective cells (86%) were also orientation selective. Additionally, thin stripe neurons continued to increase their firing rate for stimulus contrasts above 50%, while thick and interstripe neurons already exhibited some degree of response saturation at this point. Thick stripes best coded for lower spatial frequencies and higher stimulus velocities. In conclusion, V2 CytOx stripes exhibit a mixed degree of segregation and integration of information processing, shedding light into the early mechanisms of vision.

Study on Integrated Management of Railway and Water Transport

The study of the combined transport system of railway and water in China refers to the current policies, regulations and management mechanism in China. We will establish and improve the management mechanism for the combined transport of railway and water, and ensure the integrated management of the system and its long-term and stable development. Firstly, the necessity of the combined transport of railway and water are analyzed. Then, a multi-department joint supervision mechanism was established, and the policy system management mechanism was improved. At last, the process of information integration of railway and water transport is built.

A Novel Integrated Information Processing Model of Presence

AbstractThe objective of this article is to conduct a narrative literature review on multisensory integration and propose a novel information processing model of presence in virtual reality (VR). The first half of the article introduces basic multisensory integration (implicit information processing) and the integration of coherent stimuli (explicit information processing) in the physical environment, offering an explanation for people's reactions during VR immersions and is an important component of our model. To help clarify these concepts, examples are provided. The second half of the article addresses multisensory integration in VR. Three models in the literature examine the role that multisensory integration plays in inducing various perceptual illusions and the relationship between embodiment and presence in VR. However, they do not relate specifically to presence and multisensory integration. We propose a novel model of presence using elements of these models and suggest that implicit and explicit information processing lead to presence. We refer to presence as a perceptual illusion that includes a plausibility illusion (the feeling that the scenario in the virtual environment is actually occurring) and a place illusion (the feeling of being in the place depicted in the virtual environment), based on efficient and congruent multisensory integration.

Abnormal cortical region and subsystem complexity in dynamical functional connectivity of chronic schizophrenia: A new graph index for fMRI analysis

Objectives: Schizophrenia is a predominant product of pathological alterations distributed throughout interconnected neural systems. Designing new objectively diagnostic methods are burning questions. Dynamical functional connectivity (DFCs) methodology based on fMRI data is an effective lever to investigate changeability evolution in macroscopic neural activity patterns underlying critical aspects of cognition and behavior. However, region properties of brain architecture have been less investigated by special indexes of dynamical graph in general mental disorders.Methods: Embracing the network dynamics concept, we introduce topology entropy index (TE-scores) which is focused on time-varying aspects of FCs, hence develop a new framework for researching the dysfunctional roots of schizophrenia in holism significance. In this work, the important process is to uncover noticeable regions endowed with antagonistic stance in TE-scores of between morbid and normal DFCs of 63 healthy controls (HCs) and 57 chronic schizophrenia patients (SZs).Results: For the whole brain region levels, right olfactory, right hippocampus, left parahippocampal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left amygdala, and left cuneus in SZs are endowed with significantly different TE-scores. At brain subsystems level, TE-scores in DMN are abnormal in the SZs.Comparison with existing method(s): Topology entropy in DFCs is introduced to explore the dynamical information organization of diverse regions and their abnormal changes in mental illness. Several classical graph indexes (such as degree strength, betweenness, centrality) in the static brain network measure the region importance of FCs under senses of information integration and separation process. Although highly related to degree strength by comparing the corresponding values, topology entropy further explores the regions’ aberrant adaptability of functional contact and function switching.Conclusion: TE-scores of abnormal regions in SZs are associated to the passive apathetic social withdrawal, unusual thought content, disturbance of volition, preoccupation, active social avoidance and hallucinatory symptoms. Thought the strict contrastive study, it is worth stressing that topology entropy is a meaningful biological marker to excavating schizophrenic psychopathology.

Thermodynamics of Modularity: Structural Costs Beyond the Landauer Bound

Information processing typically occurs via the composition of modular units, such as universal logic gates. The benefit of modular information processing, in contrast to globally integrated information processing, is that complex global computations are more easily and flexibly implemented via a series of simpler, localized information processing operations which only control and change local degrees of freedom. We show that, despite these benefits, there are unavoidable thermodynamic costs to modularity---costs that arise directly from the operation of localized processing and that go beyond Landauer's dissipation bound for erasing information. Integrated computations can achieve Landauer's bound, however, when they globally coordinate the control of all of an information reservoir's degrees of freedom. Unfortunately, global correlations among the information-bearing degrees of freedom are easily lost by modular implementations. This is costly since such correlations are a thermodynamic fuel. We quantify the minimum irretrievable dissipation of modular computations in terms of the difference between the change in global nonequilibrium free energy, which captures these global correlations, and the local (marginal) change in nonequilibrium free energy, which bounds modular work production. This modularity dissipation is proportional to the amount of additional work required to perform the computational task modularly. It has immediate consequences for physically embedded transducers, known as information ratchets. We show how to circumvent modularity dissipation by designing internal ratchet states that capture the global correlations and patterns in the ratchet's information reservoir. Designed in this way, information ratchets match the optimum thermodynamic efficiency of globally integrated computations.

Synergistic Information Processing Encrypts Strategic Reasoning in Poker.

There is a tendency in decision-making research to treat uncertainty only as a problem to be overcome. But it is also a feature that can be leveraged, particularly in social interaction. Comparing the behavior of profitable and unprofitable poker players, we reveal a strategic use of information processing that keeps decision makers unpredictable. To win at poker, a player must exploit public signals from others. But using public inputs makes it easier for an observer to reconstruct that player's strategy and predict his or her behavior. How should players trade off between exploiting profitable opportunities and remaining unexploitable themselves? Using a recent multivariate approach to information theoretic data analysis and 1.75 million hands of online two-player No-Limit Texas Hold'em, we find that the important difference between winning and losing players is not in the amount of information they process, but how they process it. In particular, winning players are better at integrative information processing-creating new information from the interaction between their cards and their opponents' signals. We argue that integrative information processing does not just produce better decisions, it makes decision-making harder for others to reverse engineer, as an expert poker player's cards act like the private key in public-key cryptography. Poker players encrypt their reasoning with the way they process information. The encryption function of integrative information processing makes it possible for players to exploit others while remaining unexploitable. By recognizing the act of information processing as a strategic behavior in its own right, we offer a detailed account of how experts use endemic uncertainty to conceal their intentions in high-stakes competitive environments, and we highlight new opportunities between cognitive science, information theory, and game theory.

Models of project management in electronic project management

Creation and implementation of electronic project management is possible only when management processes will be based on computer methods of collecting, processing and using information for management decisions making. Therefore, we consider models that are suitable for management of projects of creation and providsion of information resources in terms of electronic project management. The application variants of creation and provision of informational resources of management models and corresponding management classes of projects of creation and provision of information resources are shown. It is determined that the management class of a project is a plurality of subclasses of projects that are formed by the above features and for which the same type of methods and controls are applied. The following management models are considered: a hierarchical model that is characteristic of the processes of information collection and integration; algorithmic model, which is used mainly for projects implemented in the software and information environment; an iterative model, based on reusing of information resource planning and control operations with a parallel analysis of the results obtained and the correction of the previous stages; and the linear model most often applied to projects in which management costs should be minimal. Formalized definition of each model, as well as characteristics of its application. The calculation of the terms of the projects for each model of management is shown. It is noted that the direction for further research is the development of a method for establishing links between the description of such a project and management models

Usage of EpiFinder clinical decision support in the assessment of epilepsy

BackgroundThe diagnosis of epilepsy is at times elusive for both neurologists and nonneurologists, resulting in delays in diagnosis and therapy. The development of screening methods has been identified as a priority in response to this diagnostic and therapeutic gap. EpiFinder is a novel clinical decision support tool designed to enhance the process of information gathering and integration of patient/proxy respondent data. It is designed specifically to take key terms from a patient's history and incorporate them into a heuristic algorithm that dynamically produces differential diagnoses of epilepsy syndromes. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the usability and diagnostic accuracy of the clinical decision support application EpiFinder in an adult population. MethodsFifty-seven patients were prospectively identified upon admission to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) for episode classification from January through June of 2017. Based on semiologic input, the application generates a list of epilepsy syndromes. The EpiFinder-generated diagnosis for each subject was compared to the final diagnosis obtained via continuous video electroencephalogram (cVEEG) monitoring. ResultsFifty-three patients had habitual events recorded during their EMU stay. A diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed (with cVEEG monitoring) in 26 patients while 27 patients were found to have a diagnosis other than epilepsy. The algorithm appropriately predicted differentiation between the presence of an epilepsy syndrome and an alternative diagnosis with 86.8% (46/53 participants) accuracy. EpiFinder correctly identified the presence of epilepsy with a sensitivity of 86.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.0–97.1) and specificity of 85.1% (95% CI: 70.2–96.4). ConclusionThe initial testing of the EpiFinder algorithm suggests possible utility in differentiating between an epilepsy syndrome and an alternative diagnosis in adult patients.

Active-Passive System of Safe Nap-of-the-Earth Piloting

The problem of the synthesis, analysis, and information support of a semiautomatic aircraft control system during a nap-of-the-earth (NOE) flight is solved. It is assumed that laser-ranging (LR), television (TV), and thermal imaging (TI) methods are used to remotely sense the underlying surface (US). The algorithm for integrated information processing and displaying images is proposed. The control system is synthesized, the parameters are optimized, and the real-time simulation is carried out using the full-scale registration of LR and TV images of industrial-urban scenes with forestpark zones. It is proved that the system can ensure safe piloting at an altitude of less than 10 m over a difficult terrain at flight velocities of 200 to 400 km/h.

Three challenges for future research on cochlear implants.

Cochlear implants (CIs) often work very well for many children and adults with profound sensorineural (SNHL) hearing loss. Unfortunately, while many CI patients display substantial benefits in recognizing speech and understanding spoken language following cochlear implantation, a large number of patients achieve poor outcomes. Understanding and explaining the reasons for poor outcomes following implantation is a very challenging research problem that has received little attention despite the pressing clinical significance. In this paper, we discuss three challenges for future research on CIs. First, we consider the issue of individual differences and variability in outcomes following implantation. At the present time, we still do not have a complete and satisfactory account of the causal underlying factors that are responsible for the enormous individual differences and variability in outcomes. Second, we discuss issues related to the lack of preimplant predictors of outcomes. Very little prospective research has been carried out on the development of preimplant predictors that can be used to reliably identify CI candidates who may be at high risk for a poor outcome following implantation. Other than conventional demographics and hearing history, there are no prognostic tools available to predict speech recognition outcomes after implantation. Finally, we discuss the third challenge — what to do with a CI-user who has a poor outcome. We suggest that new research efforts need to be devoted to studying this neglected clinical population in greater depth to find out why they are doing poorly with their CI and what novel interventions and treatments can be developed to improve their speech recognition outcomes. Using these three challenges as objectives for future research on CIs, we suggest that the field needs to adopt a new narrative grounded in theory and methods from Cognitive Hearing Science and information processing theory. Without knowing which specific biological and neurocognitive factors are responsible for individual differences or understanding the underlying sensory and neurocognitive basis for variability in performance, it is impossible to select a specific approach to habilitation after a deaf adult or child receives a CI. Deaf adults and children who are performing poorly with their CIs are not a homogeneous group and may differ in many different ways from each other, reflecting the dysfunction of multiple brain systems associated with both congenital and acquired deafness. Hearing loss is not only an ear issue, it is also a brain issue too reflecting close links between perception and action and brain, body and world working together as a functionally integrated information processing system to support robust speech recognition and spoken language processing after implantation.

Implement of Network Management System of Mobile Terminal for Power Systems

Mobile terminals or mobile communication terminal refers to the computer can be used in mobile devices, the broad sense including mobile phones, laptops, tablets, POS, even including the on-board computer. But in most cases is refers to the mobile phone or with functions of many applications of smart phones and tablets. Along with the network and technology toward more and the direction of the development of broadband networks, mobile communication industry will move toward the real information age. On the other hand, with the rapid development of integrated circuit technology, the mobile terminal processing capacity already has a strong processing capacity, mobile terminals are from simple calls into an integrated information processing platform. This to the mobile terminal also increase the more broad space for development.

Assessing information integration processes: a comparison of findings obtained with between-subjects designs versus within-subjects designs

Within-subject designs (WSDs) remain unpopular in psychology. Social psychologists have argued that they create “demand” and “order” effects. Previous comparative studies conducted in the Information Integration Theory (IIT) framework have, however, shown that patterns of results observed using WSDs can largely be replicated using between-subject designs (BSDs). In order to add evidence to these findings, we conducted four additional studies to complement our data obtained in previous studies. Three of these studies tested three factorial plots of the appraisal of stimulus intensities resulting from a full factorial administration of stimulus components that are typically observed in IIT studies (a) parallelism only (adding), (b) parallelism plus cross-over (averaging), and (c) fan-shape open to the right (multiplying). The fourth study tested a non-linear shape factorial plot. Patterns observed in BSD and in WSD conditions were systematically compared. There was nothing in the results from the BSD studies that would contradict the conclusions drawn from the WSD studies. Advantages of WSDs over BSDs are that they are economical, they are statistically more powerful, the resulting patterns of data are less noisy (characterization of the information integration process is made straightforward), and more importantly, they facilitate analysis of individual differences in human judgment processes.

Network attributes underlying intellectual giftedness in the developing brain

Brain network is organized to maximize the efficiency of both segregated and integrated information processing that may be related to human intelligence. However, there have been surprisingly few studies that focus on the topological characteristics of brain network underlying extremely high intelligence that is intellectual giftedness, particularly in adolescents. Here, we examined the network topology in 25 adolescents with superior intelligence (SI-Adol), 25 adolescents with average intelligence (AI-Adol), and 27 young adults with AI (AI-Adult). We found that SI-Adol had network topological properties of high global efficiency as well as high clustering with a low wiring cost, relative to AI-Adol. However, contrary to the suggested role that brain hub regions play in general intelligence, the network efficiency of rich club connection matrix, which represents connections among brain hubs, was low in SI-Adol in comparison to AI-Adol. Rather, a higher level of local connection density was observed in SI-Adol than in AI-Adol. The highly intelligent brain may not follow this efficient yet somewhat stereotypical process of information integration entirely. Taken together, our results suggest that a highly intelligent brain may communicate more extensively, while being less dependent on rich club communications during adolescence.

Individual Differences in the Accuracy of Judgments of Learning Are Related to the Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity of the Left Mid-Insula.

The judgment of learning (JOL) is an important form of prospective metamemory judgment, and the biological basis of the JOL process is an important topic in metamemory research. Although previous task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have examined the brain regions underlying the JOL process, the neural correlates of individual differences in JOL accuracy require further investigation. This study used structural and resting-state functional MRI to investigate whether individual differences in JOL accuracy are related to the gray matter (GM) volume and functional connectivity of the bilateral insula and medial Brodmann area (BA) 11, which are assumed to be related to JOL accuracy. We found that individual differences in JOL accuracy were related to the GM volume of the left mid-insula and to the functional connectivity between the left mid-insula and various other regions, including the left superior parietal lobule/precuneus, bilateral inferior parietal lobule/intraparietal sulcus, right frontal pole and left parahippocampal gyrus/fusiform gyrus/cerebellum. Further analyses indicated that the functional connectivity related to individual differences in JOL accuracy could be divided into two factors and might support information integration and selective attention processes underlying accurate JOLs. In addition, individual differences in JOL accuracy were not related to the GM volume or functional connectivity of the medial BA 11. Our findings provide novel evidence for the role of the left mid-insula and its functional connectivity in the JOL process.

Board Diversity's Effects on Network Tasks and Process Innovation: Role of a High-Power Individual

Board diversity’s effect on the board and the firm is complex. We integrate information processing and social categorization theoretical perspectives to examine gender-based and knowledge-based div...