Internet Of Things Information Research Articles

Big data and artificial intelligence based early risk warning system of fire hazard for smart cities

Driven by information technology, big data provides new development opportunities for city construction. People use multiple scientific advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT) for data acquisition and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for big data analytics to enhance the integration and sharing of data and optimize the basic standards of smart cities. Past few years, the concept behind the Internet of Things has been a major research topic in the development of smart cities, education, industry, and commerce. Services and applications of IoT are the major factors for creating a sustainable urban life that is employed by smart cities. The stakeholders of smart cities become more aware, efficient, and interactive using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in IoT. The applications of smart cities based on IoT have been increased in number which leads to production and increase in the amount of data and its processing. Moreover, the city stakeholders and governments take prior actions/precautions for processing the collected data from the IoT devices and predicting the future consequences for securing a sustainable environment. Artificial Intelligence is one of the key research techniques which several researchers have analysed and proved to be the best in improving the performance of detecting fire hazard in smart cities. In this research, a Deep Belief Network (DBN) with Recurrent LSTM Neural Network (R-LSTM-NN) is proposed for prediction of big data that are collected from smart cities based on IoT. Moreover, the proposed model mainly concentrates in predicting the fire hazard values that gathered from smart cities using IoT devices. The simulation results show that the proposed technique proves to be better when compared with other existing techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-1 score. The proposed model detects the fire outbreak with a 98.4% of accuracy that having 0.14% of minimal error rate. Furthermore, the proposed model can be used for various prediction problems that are faced by smart cities.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Internet of Things – A Review

The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a chance to gather continuous data about each physical activity of a business. Computerized reasoning (AI) is assuming a developingjob in IoT applications and organizations, a move clear in the conduct of organizations working here. Organizations over the world are quickly utilizing the IoT to make new systems of items and administrations that are opening up new business openings and making new plans of action. The subsequent change is introducing another period of how organizations run their tasks and draw in with clients. There is ahugeopen door for those organizations that can change over crude IoT information into business bits of knowledge, and the way to doing so exists in powerful information diagnostic. Associations are currently compelled to look further into their information to discover new and inventive approaches to build effectiveness and seriousness. With ongoing advances in science and innovation, especially in AI, associations are receiving bigger, progressively thorough investigation methodologies. For organizations to understand the maximum capacity of IoT enablement, they have to consolidate IoT with quickly propelling AI innovations, which empower ‘brilliant machines’ to recreate savvy conduct and settle on very much educated choices with practically zero human intercession. Coordinating AI into IoT systems is turning into an essential for achievement in the present IoT-based computerized biological systems. So organizations must move quickly to distinguish how they’ll drive an incentive from consolidating AI and IoT or face playing get up to speed inyears to come. In this paper, we will investigate the development of IoT andhow best IoT can play a key in joining with AI canaccomplish for the business in the future. On-going advancement in the cutting-edge innovation has paid in refining individuals’ survives and subsequently there is a strong belief that approved examination plans together with computerized reasoning will be of noteworthy preferred position in helping individuals to fight this contamination. IoT is useful for a contaminated patient of COVID-19 to recognize manifestations and gives better treatment quickly. It is valuable for quiet, doctor, specialist and emergency clinic the board framework.

Information hiding method for long distance transmission in multi-channel IOT based on symmetric encryption algorithm

In order to improve the security of remote transmission of multi-channel Internet of things, a new information hiding method based on symmetric encryption algorithm is proposed. This method is mainly based on the symmetric encryption algorithm, combined with the symmetric encryption algorithm and LSB least significant bit algorithm. After encrypting the long-distance transmission information of multi-channel IOT, the encrypted image carrier data is embedded into the digital image carrier data according to the LSB least significant bit algorithm, and embedded in the multi-channel The 64 bit image carrier data block of IOT long-distance transmission information is fed back to the multi-channel IOT data block, and the bit width is converted into 8-bit words to realize the final conversion word output. The long-distance transmission information is hidden through the IOT, so as to achieve the purpose of hiding the remote transmission information in the multi-channel Internet of things. Experimental analysis shows that the hidden information consumption of this method is at least 215.68 J, and the text information can still be extracted correctly when the clipping rate reaches 75%.

A Survey on Standards for Interoperability and Security in the Internet of Things

Recently, there has been an increase in studies relating to the Internet of Things (IoT) in various fields, such as smart cities, smart homes, smart factories, and healthcare. In an IoT environment, several entities, including users, devices, and information resources, are interconnected and interworked with services. Therefore, interoperability between different entities is essential to accomplish the goals of IoT systems. Further, security is another important aspect to achieve in an IoT environment to protect information resources and privacy when networking between different entities. Therefore, security and interoperability may be significant barriers in the implementation of IoT in the real world. Several studies have been conducted to investigate methods for accomplishing interoperability and security in IoT, but they address only specific problems. Hence, compatibility and generality must be considered to accomplish the goals of IoT systems. International standards provide general methods by listing protocols, rules, guidelines, and characteristics that are defined and approved by authorized organizations, helping develop and manage systems efficiently by applying these standards; interoperability and security are supported by adopting standards in development and management. Therefore, the adoption of international standards is required to overcome the barriers in IoT. Furthermore, international standard organizations are developing IoT-related standards that may provide a solution to interoperability and security. However, a study focusing on interoperability- and security-related standards has not yet been conducted. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on international standards related to interoperability and security for IoT environments. Moreover, we studied international standard organizations that have been developing standards for IoT. In this study, a systematic literature review is conducted, and international standards are analyzed. In addition, any remaining challenges related to interoperability and security for IoT standards are discussed.

Research on Consistency of IoT Data Communication Based on Eigenvector Vector

Aiming at the large deviation of the traditional Internet of things (IoT) communication consistency algorithm, this paper designs the IoT information communication consistency algorithm. According to the obtained eigenvectors, the communication consensus protocol is generated, and the truncation factor is introduced to solve the problem that the cooperative variable deviation between the new node or restart node and the eigenvector is too large in the process of consistency, so as to realize the information communication consistency of the Internet of things. The experimental results show that the deviation value of this method is lower than that of the traditional algorithm, and is close to the standard value. This design ensures the consistency of the information communication of the Internet of things, and has certain application significance.

A Concurrence Study on Interoperability Issues in IoT and Decision Making Based Model on Data and Services being used during Inter-Operability

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has become an important topic among researchers owing to its potential to change the way we live and use smart devices. In recent years, many research work found in the world are interrelated and convey via the existing web structure which makes a worldwide system called IoT. This study focused on the significant improvement of answers for a wider scope of gadgets and the Internet of Things IoT stages in recent years. In any case, each arrangement gives its very own IoT framework, gadgets, APIs, and information configurations promoting interoperability issues. These issues are the outcome of numerous basic issues, difficulty to create IoT application uncovering cross-stage, and additionally cross-space, trouble in connecting non-interoperable IoT gadgets to various IoT stages, what's more, eventually averts the development of IoT innovation at an enormous scale. To authorize consistent data sharing between various IoT vendors, endeavors by a few academia, industrial, and institutional groups have accelerated to support IoT interoperability. This paper plays out a far-reaching study on the cutting-edge answers for encouraging interoperability between various IoT stages. Likewise, the key difficulties in this theme are introduced.

Lightweight information integration model of IOT based on VMware cluster technology

In order to overcome the problems existing in the current internet of things information integration model, lightweight information integration model of IOT based on VMware cluster technology was proposed. This model designs the standard coded identification for each node in the internet of things, constructs the category of node attributes and node object categories of the internet of things, and the node LDAP information model, and constructs the node management platform of the internet of things. VMware cluster technology is introduced, and VMware infrastructure is used to realise the virtualisation and integration of lightweight internet of things information from server, network and storage. The results show that the number of servers used in this paper is 4, with the least number. The server occupies less space than 8 U, the power consumption of the server is lower than 3,500 W/h, and the power consumption is lower, showing a good performance.

Information flow perception modeling and optimization of Internet of Things for cloud services

IoT (Internet of Things) information flow perception is the foundation of the IoT architecture and plays an important role. Providing cloud services on demand is one of the key issues and core features of cloud services in the IoT information flow perception. Firstly, we study the mixed logic dynamics (MLD) modeling method of IoT information flow awareness, and use IoT sensor nodes, controlled nodes, and coordination nodes to describe system application scenarios, and use automata for internal information transmission. Secondly, an open queuing method based on large-scale information flow perception modeling and network delay analysis method is proposed. By analyzing the end-to-end delay of the node path and the average delay analysis of the whole queuing network, the open queuing is obtained. Aiming at the characteristics of distributed data of information flow perception in the IoT, a priority-based queuing network is proposed to model and analyze the aggregation nodes based on embedded multi-core SoC(System on Chip), which greatly improves the performance of embedded multi-core SoC.

Joint Resource Optimization for UAV-Enabled Multichannel Internet of Things Based on Intelligent Fog Computing

Due to flexible scheduling, and better transmission channel, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can improve transmit performance of Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we propose an UAV-enabled multichannel IoT based on intelligent fog computing, where UAV as a relay forwards IoT's information to the data center under the control of fog computing base station in the case of terrestrial channel fading. The IoT's throughput are maximized by jointly optimizing subcarrier, power of IoT, and UAV, and UAV trajectory, subject to the constraints of information causality, maximum transmit power, and maximum UAV speed. The subcarriers are dynamically allocated according to their channel gains, the water filling algorithm is adopted to optimize the power for UAV, and IoT by fixing UAV trajectory, and the optimal UAV trajectory is achieved with successive convex approximation under the fixed power allocation. Then a jointly iterative optimization on subcarrier, power, and trajectory is presented to get the optimal solution. In addition, we propose a fairness optimization scheme to maximize the minimum transmit rate of IoT nodes. The simulations indicate the IoT with mobile UAV, and dynamic subcarrier allocation may achieve better transmit performance, and the fairness optimization can decrease the rate difference of nodes effectively.

Hierarchical Classification for Constrained IoT Devices: A Case Study on Human Activity Recognition

The massive number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices generates a hard-to-manage volume of data. Cloud-centric processing approaches for the IoT data suffer from high and unpredictable network latency, which causes poor experience in real-time IoT applications, such as healthcare. To address this issue, in edge computing, the data inference starts from the data source (i.e., the IoT devices). However, the constrained computational capabilities of the IoT device and the power-hungry data transmission demand a tradeoff between onboard processing and computation offloading. Hence, the IoT information inference requires efficient and lightweight techniques that are tailored for this tradeoff and respect the constrained resources on IoT devices, such as wearables. This article presents a hierarchical classification approach that decomposes the problem into three classifiers in two hierarchy layers. In the first layer, a lightweight classifier executes directly on the IoT device and decides whether to offload the computation to the gateway or to perform it onboard. The second layer comprises a lightweight classifier on the IoT device (can only distinguish a subset of classes) and a complex classifier on the gateway (to distinguish the remaining classes). The experimental results (using a real-world data set for human activity recognition and implemented on a wearable IoT device) show higher accuracy (92% on average) than a nonhierarchical classifier (87% on average). The execution time and power measurements on the IoT device show $3\times $ energy saving for the classification.

An efficient approach for rice prediction from authenticated Block chain node using machine learning technique

Abstract With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT), even devices communicate without human intervention. Even though many cryptographic schemes provide secure communication between devices, errors happen through wireless link. Wireless communications are prone to errors such as session hijacking, masquerading, impersonation attack, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, non-repudiation attack, tampering and many more. Block chain provides immutable transaction with authorized communication. To address the problem of non-repudiation attack in IoT and log false information, block chain based authentication using Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) digital signature is proposed. This method prevents the existence and active participation of fake nodes. The performance of a public key operation is also measured with the crypto metrics of latency (204.2ms, 1642.7ms) and throughput metric (37.2, 12) connections per sec for RSA key sizes of 1024 and 2048 . The environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, pH (potential for hydrogen) concentration and rainfall are collected from sensors deployed at agricultural lands through node Micro Controller Unit (MCU) and transferred to Block chain enabled edge device. Furthermore, edge intelligence is performed to predict rice production with Machine Learning (ML) algorithm and the best appropriate model is selected from the regression metric which includes, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2).

Blockchain-based privacy-preserving remote data integrity checking scheme for IoT information systems

Remote data integrity checking is of great importance to the security of cloud-based information systems. Previous works generally assume a trusted third party to oversee the integrity of the outsourced data, which may be invalid in practice. In this paper, we utilize the blockchain to construct a novel privacy-preserving remote data integrity checking scheme for Internet of Things (IoT) information management systems without involving trusted third parties. Our scheme leverages the Lifted EC-ElGamal cryptosystem, bilinear pairing, and blockchain to support efficient public batch signature verifications and protect the security and data privacy of the IoT systems. The results of the experiment demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme.

IoT Services and Applications in Rehabilitation: An Interdisciplinary and Meta-Analysis Review.

to identify works involving IoT that deal with the development, architecture, application, implementation, use of technological equipment in the area of patient rehabilitation. Technology or Method: A systematic review based on Kitchenham's suggestions combined to the PRISMA protocol. The search strategy was carried out comprehensively in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Web of Science and Scopus databases with the data extraction method for assessment and analysis consist only of primary studies articles related to the IoT and Rehabilitation of patients. We found 29 studies that addressed the research question, and all were classified based on scientific evidence. This systematic review presents the current state of the art on the IoT in health rehabilitation and identifies findings in interdisciplinary researches in different clinical cases with technological systems including wearable devices and cloud computing. The gaps in IoT for rehabilitation include the need for more clinical randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies. Clinical Impact: This paper has an interdisciplinary feature and includes areas such as Internet of Things Information and Communication Technology with their application to the medical and rehabilitation domains.

A Survey on Access Control in the Age of Internet of Things

With the development of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology, various types of information, such as social resources and physical resources, are deeply integrated for different comprehensive applications. Social networking, car networking, medical services, video surveillance, and other forms of the IoT information service model gradually change people’s daily lives. Facing the vast amounts of IoT information data, the IoT search technology is used to quickly find accurate information to meet the real-time search needs of users. However, IoT search requires using a large amount of user private information, such as personal health information, location information, and social relations information, to provide personalized services. Employing private information from users will encounter security problems if an effective access control mechanism is missing during the IoT search process. An access control mechanism can effectively monitor the access activities of resources and ensure that authorized users access information resources under legitimate conditions. This survey examines the growing literature on access control for an IoT search. Problems and challenges of access control mechanisms are analyzed to facilitate the adoption of access control solutions in real-life settings. This article aims to provide theoretical, methodological, and technical guidance for IoT search access control mechanisms in large-scale dynamic heterogeneous environments. Based on a literature review, we also analyzed the future development direction of access control in the age of IoT.

A Systematic Content Review of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Applications in Smart Home

This article reviewed the state-of-the-art applications of the Internet of things (IoT) technology applied in homes for making them smart, automated, and digitalized in many respects. The literature presented various applications, systems, or methods and reported the results of using IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and geographic information system (GIS) at homes. Because the technology has been advancing and users are experiencing IoT boom for smart built environment applications, especially smart homes and smart energy systems, it is necessary to identify the gaps, relation between current methods, and provide a coherent instruction of the whole process of designing smart homes. This article reviewed relevant papers within databases, such as Scopus, including journal papers published in between 2010 and 2019. These papers were then analyzed in terms of bibliography and content to identify more related systems, practices, and contributors. A designed systematic review method was used to identify and select the relevant papers, which were then reviewed for their content by means of coding. The presented systematic critical review focuses on systems developed and technologies used for smart homes. The main question is ”What has been learned from a decade trailing smart system developments in different fields?”. We found that there is a considerable gap in the integration of AI and IoT and the use of geospatial data in smart home development. It was also found that there is a large gap in the literature in terms of limited integrated systems for energy efficiency and aged care system development. This article would enable researchers and professionals to fully understand those gaps in IoT-based environments and suggest ways to fill the gaps while designing smart homes where users have a higher level of thermal comfort while saving energy and greenhouse gas emissions. This article also raised new challenging questions on how IoT and existing developed systems could be improved and be further developed to address other issues of energy saving, which can steer the research direction to full smart systems. This would significantly help to design fully automated assistive systems to improve quality of life and decrease energy consumption.

Application of Blockchain in Collaborative Internet-of-Things Services

Innovating business processes involves cutting-edge technologies where the Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain are technological breakthroughs. IoT is envisioned as a global network infrastructure consisting of numerous connected devices over the Internet. Many attempts have been made to improve and adapt business workflows for best utilizing IoT services. One possible solution is to digitize and automate internal processes using IoT services, in which Blockchain smart contract is a viable solution to establish the trust of process executions without intermediaries. Modern business processes are composed of disparate services; many of them tend to be delivered based on IoT. Interoperating with such services poses major challenges: 1) time for finality settlement of transactions is unpredictable and usually experiencing delay; 2) several implementations of permissioned Blockchain pose a major concern of trust regarding nodes that perform consensus; and 3) trust of process executions and IoT information is the major factor to the success of modern business processes, which require the composition of distributed IoT services. Traditional business processes are mostly managed by a single entity, which induces the problem of trust of process executions. In this paper, a smart contract for establishing the trust of process executions that fits into the IoT environment is presented. A consensus approach with selected validators extended from Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is introduced to address time and prejudice challenges.

High Performance Predictive Analytics in IoT

Internet of things (IoT) is a quick-moving gathering of web associated sensors implanted in a wide-extending assortment of physical articles. While things can be any physical item (energize or lifeless) on the planet, to which you could associate or implant a sensor. Sensors can take countless potential estimations. Sensors produce gigantic measures of new, organized, unstructured, ongoing information, and structures enormous information. IoT information is exceptionally huge and confused, which can give genuine-time setting and supposition data about genuine articles or nature. Among the different challenges that the present IoT is facing, the three prime areas of concern are, need of efficient framework to receive IoT data, a need of a new scalable parallel indexing technique for efficiently storing IoT data and securing IoT generated data at all the stages i.e. from the edge devices to the cloud. A new efficient framework is introduced, which can retrieve meaningful information from these IoT devices and efficiently index it. For processing such enormous real time data generated from IoT devices, new techniques are introducing which are scalable and secure. The research proposes a general IoT network architecture. It describes the interconnectivity among the different things such as sensors, receivers and cloud. The proposed architecture efficiently receives real time data from all the sensors. The prime focus is on the elimination of the existing issues in IoT. Along with this, the provision has to make for standard future proofing against these new proposed schemes.

Transformation-based processing of typed resources for multimedia sources in the IoT environment

Web services are middleware designed to support the interoperation between different software systems and devices over the Web. Today, we encounter a variety of situations in which services deployed on the Internet of things (IoT), such as wireless sensor networks, ZigBee networks, and mobile edge computing frameworks, have become a widely used infrastructure that has become more flexible, intelligent and automated. This system supports multimedia applications, E-commerce transactions, business collaborations and information processing. However, how to manage these services has been a popular topic in IoT research. Existing research covers numerous resource models, based on sensors or human interactions. For everything as a service, things are available as a service include products, processes, resource management and security provision. To cope with the challenge of how to manage these services, we present an extension of Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom architecture as a resource expression model to construct a systematic approach to modeling both entity and relationship elements. The entity elements are formalized from a fully typed, multiple-related dimensions perspective to obtain a whole frequency-value-based representation of entities in the real world. A relationship model is extended and applied to define resource models based on relationships defined from a semantics perspective that is based on our proposed existence-level reasoning. Then, a processing framework is proposed that seeks to optimize the searching efficiency of typed resources in terms of IoT data, information and knowledge inside an integrated architecture, and the framework includes Data Graph, Information Graph and Knowledge Graph. We concentrate on improving performance in accessing and processing resources and providing resource security protection by utilizing the cost difference of both type conversions of resources and traversing on resources. Finally, an application scenario is simulated to illustrate the usage of the proposed framework. This scenario shows the feasibility and effectiveness of our method, considering the conversion, traversing and storage costs. Our method can help improve the optimization of services and scheduling resources of multimedia systems.

Near Field Communication-based Agricultural Management Service Systems for Family Farms.

This paper presents an agricultural management service system that aims to meet the needs of Internet of Things (IoT) information upgrades in China’s family farms. The proposed agricultural management service system consists of Near Field Communication (NFC) tags, in-field service nodes, and smartphones. NFC tags are used as the core identifier of various agricultural management elements. The in-field service node, which is based on a programmable system-on-chip with intellectual property cores (IP core), supports distributed agriculture device management and smartphone operations. Smartphones in the proposed system include the management assistant application (app) and management service app, which are designed for agricultural management support functions and agricultural management application requirements. Through this system, the needs of diverse agricultural management practices can be effectively satisfied by a unified system structure. The practical results show that the design can be used to construct diversified agricultural IoT information application service systems simply and effectively, and it is especially suitable for Chinese family farm operators who are implementing IoT information upgrades for smart agriculture.

Multi-adaptive Feature Extraction Method of Marine Plant Information in Internet of Things

Xing, J.; Wang, X., and Dong, J., 2019. Multi-adaptive feature extraction method of marine plant information in Internet of Things. In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 495–500. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In ocean monitoring and development, underwater image processing and recognition has gradually become a hot topic in ocean research. Because of the complex shooting environment, the underwater image is often seriously distorted. The absorption of water will lead to the attenuation of light in the transmission process, and the scattering of water will make the whole image appear atomization effect. According to the characteristics of underwater light propagation and underwater imaging system, the characteristics of underwater noise are analyzed. Butterworth high pass filter is used to smooth the backscatter noise of low frequency underwater image. On the basis of the above, SIFT feature points are extracted from the improved gray image, and K-nearest neighbor algorithm is used to match the feature points extracted from the standard image data set to obtain the information features of marine plants. The experimental results show that this method can obtain more feature points of marine plant information, and at the same time guarantee the accuracy of feature extraction time.